Detection of various attacks using B-GNB in health care IoT

Despite various advances in health care applications, Intrusion detection remains a challenging task in wireless network due to numerous amount of traffic and large amount of sensitive data leading to various cyber attacks (DDoS, MITM, scan etc).The sensors are used to collect the real time data of patients or wearable devices and send the same to doctors for analyzing various diseases in early stages using IoT. Wireless network is vulnerable to intruders ,mainly for carrying sensitive information hence this paper proposes supervised machine learning technique B-GNB to detect various attacks in Health care data in IuT.The proposed model chooses the best features and accurately classifies attacks with 96% accuracy.

Glycosylated fibronectin point-of-care test for diagnosis of pre-eclampsia in a low-resource setting: a prospective Southeast Asian population study

OBJECTIVE

To determine the performance of a glycosylated fibronectin (GlyFn) point-of-care (POC) test for pre-eclampsia (PE) in a large Southeast Asian cohort (India) in comparison to previously described biomarkers.

DESIGN

A total of 798 pregnant women at ≥20 weeks of gestation were enrolled in a prospective case-control study. Study participants included 469 normotensive women with urinary mg protein/mmol creatinine ratio <0.3, 135 with PE (hypertension with urinary mg protein/mmol creatinine ratio ≥0.3) and 194 with gestational hypertension (hypertension with urinary mg protein/mmol creatinine ratio <0.3).

METHODS

GlyFn levels were determined using a POC device and PIGF, sFlt-1 and PAPPA2 levels were determined by immunoassay. Performance was assessed using logistic regression modelling and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Classification performance and positive and negative predictive values are reported at specific thresholds.

RESULTS

Increased levels of GlyFn, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and pregnancy-associated placental protein A2 (PAPPA2), and decreased levels of placental growth factor (PlGF) were significantly associated (P < 0.01) with clinically defined PE. Area under the ROC (AUROC) values with 95% confidence intervals were: GlyFn, 0.99 (0.98-0.99); PlGF, 0.96 (0.94-0.98); sFlt-1, 0.86 (0.83-0.89); and PAPPA2, 0.96 (0.94-0.97). Of subjects with GH, 48% were positive for more than two PE biomarkers, and 70% of these delivered preterm.

CONCLUSIONS

The Lumella™ GlyFn POC test has been validated in a low/middle-income country setting for PE diagnosis and may be a useful adjunctive tool for early identification, appropriate triage, and improved outcomes.

TWEETABLE ABSTRACT

The Lumella™ point-of-care test had excellent performance in diagnosing PE in a large Southeast Asian cohort.

Study on Liposomal Encapsulation of New Bodipy Sensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy

We report a series of four efficient photosensitizers (PSs) based on a Bodipy core for photodynamic therapy (PDT). In the absence of hydrophilic functional groups, these PSs have been encapsulated in liposomes and examined for photocytotoxicity against human ovarian carcinoma cell line (SK-OV-3). The IC₅₀ values obtained are as low as 0.350 μM, which compete with the classical photosensitizer chlorine E6 (IC₅₀ = 0.39 μM) under similar experimental conditions.

Chirp Z transform based enhanced frequency resolution for depth resolvable non stationary thermal wave imaging

This paper proposes a novel post processing modality to enhance depth resolution in frequency modulated thermal wave imaging using chirp Z transform. It explores the spectral zooming feature of the proposed modality to enhance depth resolution and validates it through the experimentation carried over a carbon fiber reinforced plastic and mild steel specimens. Further, defect detection capability of the proposed modality has been compared with that of the other contemporary modalities by taking the defect signal to noise ratio into consideration.

Anti-psoriatic activity of Givotia rottleriformis in rats

Objectives:

To evaluate the antipsoriatic activity of Givotia rottleriformis bark in rats.

Materials and Methods:

The antipsoriatic activity of the ethanol extract was investigated using ultraviolet B (UV-B)-induced photodermatitis model in rats. The animals were divided into four groups (6/groups). The vehicle-control group animals received normal saline (10 ml/kg, p.o.) and standard group received retinoic acid (0.5 mg/kg, p.o.). Remaining groups were treated orally with the ethanolic extract of bark of Givotia rottleriformis (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) and data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The extract was standardized using chemical markers by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis.

Results:

In case of psoriasis model, histopathological analysis revealed that in the section, there were absence of Munro's microabscess, elongation of rete ridges, and capillary loop dilation in ethanol extract (400 mg/Kg) and standard group. The ethanolic extract (200 and 400 mg/Kg) exhibited significant reduction (P < 0.01) in percentage of relative epidermal thickness as compared with positive control. In the HPLC analysis, 4 flavonoids were quantified by comparison to a calibration curve derived from the standard, rutin (0.215 mg/gm) quercetin (1.36 mg/gm), kaempferol (6.36 mg/gm) and luteolin (8.64 mg/gm).

Conclusion:

The crude extract containing ethanolic extract of Givotia rottleriformis bark have potent antipsoriatic activity in UV-B-induced psoriasis in rat.

Screening of flavonoid "quercetin" from the rhizome of Smilax china Linn. for anti-psoriatic activity

OBJECTIVE

To assess anti-psoriatic activity of the methanol extract and the isolated flavonoid quercetin from the rhizome of Smilax china (S. china) Linn.

METHODS

Mouse tail test was used for the evaluation of anti-psoriatic activity. Methanol extract (100 and 200 mg/kg b.w.) and isolated flavonoid quercetin (25 and 50 mg/kg b.w.) were tested in Swiss albino mice. Parameters studied in the mouse tail test were changes in epidermal thickness and percentage orthokeratotic values. The anti-inflammatory role of the methanol extract and isolated flavonoid quercetin was evaluated using carrageenan-induced pleurisy in rats. In vitro antiproliferant assay on HaCaT cell lines was also carried out.

RESULTS

The isolated flavonoid quercetin from the rhizome of S. china produced significant orthokeratosis (P<0.01) in the mouse tail test. In epidermal thickness, a significant reduction with respect to control was observed in groups treated with retinoic acid and isolated flavonoid quercetin. The methanol extract (200 mg/kg) and isolated flavonoid quercetin (50 mg/kg) showed anti-inflammatory effect in terms of significant inhibition (P<0.001) in leukocyte migration. Maximum antiproliferant activity was shown by isolated flavonoid quercetin (IC50, 62.42±10.20 µg/mL).

CONCLUSIONS

From the above data, the flavonoid quercetin shows significant orthokeratosis, anti-inflammatory and maximum antiproliferant activities. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the anti-psoriatic effect of the flavonoid quercetin which is promising for further investigations to prove its anti-psoriatic activity.

Anti-anaphylactic and anti-inflammatory activities of a bioactive alkaloid from the root bark of Plumeria acutifolia Poir

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the anti-anaphylactic, anti-inflammatory and membrane stabilizing properties of plumerianine (compound 1) isolated from the root bark of Plumeria acutifolia Poir.

METHODS

The anti-anaphylactic activity of compound 1 (10, 25 and 50 mg/kg) was studied by using models such as passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, passive paw anaphylaxis and its anti-inflammatory activity against carrageenin induced paw edema and cotton pellet granuloma in albino rats was also investigated using ketotifen and indomethacin as reference drugs.

RESULTS

A dose-dependent beneficial effect was observed on leakage of evans blue dye in skin challenged with antigen and on paw anaphylaxis induced by antiserum. The compound 1 also exhibited significant (P<0.01) inhibition of rat paw edema and granuloma tissue formation, including significant protection of RBC against the haemolytic effect of hypotonic solution, an indication of membrane-stabilizing activity.

CONCLUSIONS

Anti-anaphylactic activity of compound 1 may be possibly due to inhibition of the release of various inflammatory mediators. Anti-inflammatory activity of compound may be related to the inhibition of the early phase and late phase of inflammatory events.

Anticonvulsant and neurotoxicity profile of the rhizome of Smilax china Linn. in mice

OBJECTIVE

To study the anticonvulsant activity and neurotoxicity of ethanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction of the rhizome of Smilax china (EESC and EAF, respectively) in mice.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The anticonvulsant activities of EESC and EAF were studied against maximal electroshock (MES) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures in mice and neurotoxicity was determined using rotarod test.

RESULTS

The duration of hindleg extension in MES test was reduced significantly (P < 0.001) by EESC at a dose level of 400 mg/kg and EAF at both higher dose levels (200 and 400 mg/kg). In PTZ model, the seizure latency was prolonged by all the test groups.

CONCLUSION

The EESC and EAF may help to control petit mal and grand mal seizures.

Toxic metal ion separation by cellulose acetate/sulfonated poly(ether imide) blend membranes: effect of polymer composition and additive

Toxic heavy metal ion removal from industrial effluents are gaining increased visibility owing to environmental concern and saving precious materials. In this work, an attempt has been made to remove the valuable metal ions using modified ultrafiltration (UF) blend membranes based on cellulose acetate (CA) and sulfonated poly(ether imide) (SPEI) were prepared in the presence and absence of additive, poly(ethylene glycol) 600 (PEG600) in various compositions. Prepared membranes were characterized in terms of pure water flux (PWF), water content and membrane hydraulic resistance. High flux UF membranes were obtained in the range of 15-25 wt% SPEI and 2.5-10 wt% PEG600 in the polymer blend. The molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of the blend membranes were determined using protein separation studies found to vary from 20 to greater than 69 kDa. Surface morphology of the blend membranes were analysed with scanning electron microscopy. Studies were carried out to find the rejection and permeate flux of metal ions such as Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) using polyethyleneimine as the chelating ligand. On increasing the composition of SPEI and PEG600, the rejection of metal ions is decreasing while the permeate flux has an increasing trend. These effects are due to the increased pore formation in the CA/SPEI blend membranes because of the hydrophilic SPEI and polymeric additive PEG600. In general, it was found that CA/SPEI blend membranes displayed higher permeate flux and lower rejection compared to pure CA membranes. The extent of separation of metal ions depends on the affinity of metal ions to polyethyleneimine to form macromolecular complexes and the stability of the formed complexes.

Structure of triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) fromMethanocaldococcus jannaschii

The crystal structure of a recombinant triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) from the archaeabacterium Methanocaldococcus jannaschii has been determined at a resolution of 2.3 A using X-ray diffraction data from a tetartohedrally twinned crystal. M. jannaschii TIM (MjTIM) is tetrameric, as suggested by solution studies and from the crystal structure, as is the case for two other structurally characterized archaeal TIMs. The archaeabacterial TIMs are shorter compared with the dimeric TIMs; the insertions in the dimeric TIMs occur in the vicinity of the tetramer interface, resulting in a hindrance to tetramerization in the dimeric TIMs. The charge distribution on the surface of the archaeal TIMs also facilitates tetramerization. Analysis of the barrel interactions in TIMs suggests that these interactions are unlikely to account for the thermal stability of the archaeal TIMs. A novelty of the unliganded structure of MjTIM is the complete absence of electron density for the loop 6 residues. The disorder of this loop could be ascribed to a missing salt bridge between residues at the N- and C-terminal ends of the loop in MjTIM.

Effect of long-term dietary manipulation on the aggregation of rat lens crystallins: role of alpha-crystallin chaperone function

PURPOSE

To investigate the effect of food, protein, and vitamin restriction on the susceptibility of lens crystallins to aggregation and chaperone activity of alpha-crystallin.

METHODS

Thirty day old Wistar/NIN rats were maintained on regular rodent diet (C), 50% food restriction (FR), 75% protein restriction (PR), and 50% vitamin restriction (VR) diet for 20 weeks. At the end, alpha-, beta-, and gamma-crystallins were isolated from the lenses of these animals and subjected to in vitro aggregation induced by oxidation, UV irradiation and heat. Aggregation and chaperone activity was assessed by light scattering methods.

RESULTS

Dietary restriction has been shown to extend the mean and maximum life span and retard age-related diseases, including cataract. In this study, we demonstrate that while beta- and gamma-crystallins isolated from FR and PR groups were less susceptible to in vitro induced aggregation, beta- and gamma-crystallins from the VR group were more susceptible, compared to controls. Alpha-crystallin from any of the groups did not shown a considerable amount of aggregation. On the other hand, the chaperone activity of alpha-crystallin from FR and PR groups was not significantly different from controls. However, alpha-crystallin from the VR group demonstrated substantially higher chaperone activity than controls.

CONCLUSIONS

These results indicate that while food and protein restriction appear to lower the susceptibility of beta- and gamma-crystallins towards aggregation, vitamin restriction tends to increase the aggregation. Chaperone activity of alpha-crystallin is affected (improved) by only vitamin restriction.

Monitoring of allethrin, deltamethrin, esbiothrin, prallethrin and transfluthrin in air during the use of household mosquito repellents

Three types of mosquito repellent [two different mosquito coils containing allethrin 0.1% w/w and transfluthrin 0.03% w/w, an aerosol sample containing a combination of two pyrethroid molecules (deltamethrin 0.02% w/w + allethrin 0.13% w/w) and two different mosquito mats containing esbiothrin 2.0% w/w and prallethrin 1.5% w/w as active ingredients] were individually subjected to use in a closed room. Air samples from the room were drawn at different time intervals (15, 30 and 45 min, and 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h) uniformly from three different positions in the room (top, middle and bottom) with the pyrethroid contents analysed using gas chromatography-electron capture detection (GC-ECD). Analysis of air samples showed maximum concentrations of the pyrethroid residues allethrin (0.0120 ppm), transfluthrin (0.0134 ppm), deltamethrin (0.0057 ppm), allethrin (0.080 ppm), esbiothrin (0.015 ppm) and prallethrin (0.0138 ppm) within 30-45 min of use. The drop in residue content was significant with time. At the end of a 6 h period, most of the residues had dissipated to below 0.0001 ppm. Further significant differences were observed in the residue contents tested at different points within the room. Studies were compared with the experimental results obtained when the mosquito repellents were tested with air circulation in the room.

Probing Polyethylene Glycol-Phospholipid Membrane Interactions Using Enzymes

Interaction of polyethylene glycols (PEGs) with phospholipid membranes leads to aggregation and fusion of membranes. The structural basis of these events in membranes, especially in contact with low-molecular-weight PEGs, is uncertain. Using phsopholipases, a class of interfacially active enzymes, we demonstrate enhanced accessibility of lipid hydrophobic portions in the presence of PEGs. All three phospholipases, i.e., A(2), C, and D, show enhancement of activity in the presence of PEGs. Enhancement of activity does not depend on the size of the vesicle or the presence of proteins in the membrane. Fluorescence quenching of probes buried in the membrane supports the phospholipase data. The utility of phospholipases as probes to monitor local and fine structural changes in the membranes is discussed. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.