1
|
Behairy A, Hashem MM, Abo-EL-Sooud K, Soliman AM, Mouneir SM, El-Metwally AE, Ismail SH, Hassan BA, Abd-Elhakim YM. Influence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and/or cadmium chloride oral exposure on testicular morphology, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in rats: Ameliorative role of co-enzyme Q10. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24049. [PMID: 38268588 PMCID: PMC10806338 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Little is known about the implications of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) and cadmium chloride (Cd) co-exposure on the male reproductive system in mammals. As a result, this study researched the effects of oral TiO2NPs and/or Cd exposure on male reproduction and testicular functions. Additionally, a mitigation trial with co-enzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has also been conducted. Methods In a 60-day experiment, seven experimental groups, each containing 10 male Sprague Dawley rats, were orally given distilled water (control), corn oil (vehicle control), CoQ10 (10 mg/kg b.wt), TiO2NPs (50 mg/kg b.wt), Cd (5 mg/kg b.wt), TiO2NPs + Cd, and TiO2NPs + Cd + CoQ10. Then, sperm quality, male sex hormones, oxidative stress indications, Ti and Cd testicular residues, testes and accessory gland architecture, and apoptotic and inflammatory markers in rat testes were assessed. Results TiO2NPs and/or Cd exposure negatively impacted body weight, weight gain, testicular weights, semen quality, serum reproductive hormones, oxidative stress parameters, and Caspase-3 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) immunoreactions. Histopathological changes were recorded in testicular, seminal vesicle, and prostatic tissues. Yet, co-administration of CoQ10 with TiO2NPs and Cd substantially mitigated these adverse consequences. The most notable aspect is that it effectively lowered testicular tissue Ti and Cd levels. It also improved oxidant status, hormonal profile, and sperm picture. CoQ10 minimized the testicular damage implied by histological examination. Furthermore, CoQ10 significantly diminished TiO2NPs and Cd-induced Caspase-3 and TNF-α immunoexpression in testicular tissue. Conclusion As a result, CoQ10 could be utilized as a safe remedy to protect male reproductive physiology from TiO2NPs and Cd damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amany Behairy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M.M. Hashem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Khaled Abo-EL-Sooud
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Soliman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Samar M. Mouneir
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Abeer E. El-Metwally
- Pathology Department, Animal Reproduction Research Institute, Giza 3514805, Egypt
| | - Sameh H. Ismail
- Faculty of Nanotechnology for Postgraduate Studies, Cairo University, Sheikh Zayed Campus, 6th October City, Giza, 12588, Egypt
| | - Bayan A. Hassan
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Yasmina M. Abd-Elhakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abo-EL-Sooud K, Abd-El Hakim YM, Hashem MM, El-Metwally AE, Hassan BA, El-Nour HH. Restorative effects of gallic acid against sub-chronic hepatic toxicity of co-exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles and arsenic trioxide in male rats. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17326. [PMID: 37389053 PMCID: PMC10300221 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives This study aimed to assess the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNPs) and/or arsenic trioxide (ATO) exposure on the liver of adult male Sprague Dawley rats. Moreover, the probable ameliorative impact of gallic acid (GA) against ZNPs and ATO-induced hepatotoxicity and the possible underlying mechanisms were evaluated. Methods Sixty male Sprague Dawley rats were distributed into six groups. The 1st and 2nd groups were orally given distilled water (1 ml/kg) and 20 mg GA/kg b. wt, respectively. The 3rd and 4th groups were orally given 100 mg ZNPs/kg b. wt and 8 mg ATO/kg b. wt, respectively. The 5th group was co-administered ZNPs and ATO at the doses mentioned above. The last one was co-administered ZNPs, ATO, and GA at the earlier described doses. All tested compounds were orally given once a day for 60 successive days. Then, serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total, direct, indirect bilirubin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL, VLDL, and LDL were estimated. The hepatic content of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was evaluated. Moreover, Bcl-2 and Bax's reactive proteins were immunohistochemically detected, and Zn and As residual patterns in hepatic tissues were assessed. Results ZNPs, ATO, and ZNPs+ATO-exposed rats showed significantly (P < 0.001) elevated serum AST (219%, 233%, and 333%), ALT (300%, 400%, and 475%), ALP (169%, 205%, and 294%), and total bilirubin (42%, 68%, and 109%) compared to the control ones. On the other hand, a significantly (P < 0.001) declined SOD (58%, 49%, and 43%) and GPx (70%, 63%, and 56%) but increased MDA (133%, 150%, and 224%) was recorded in the hepatic tissues of ZNPs, ATO, and ZNPs+ATO exposed rats, respectively, relative to the control rats. Moreover, the hepatic tissues of the ZNPs, ATO, and ZNPs+ATO exposed rats showed a significant (P < 0.001) decrease in Bcl-2 (28%, 33%, and 23%) but elevation in Bax (217%, 267%, and 236%) immunoreactivities compared to the control rats. These findings were consistent with the microscopic alterations in the hepatic architecture and accumulation of Zn and As. Furthermore, a notable hyperlipidemic condition was recorded following ZNPs and/or ATO exposure. On the contrary, GA notably reduced hepatic enzymes compared to ZNPs+ATO-exposed rats. Additionally, GA markedly improved ZNPs+ATO-afforded liver tissue damage and apoptotic events. Conclusion Overall, GA oral dosing significantly mitigated the negative effects of ZNPs and ATO on the liver by improving the antioxidant defense system and controlling apoptotic changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Abo-EL-Sooud
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Yasmina M. Abd-El Hakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M.M. Hashem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Abeer E. El-Metwally
- Pathology Department, Animal Reproduction Research Institute, Giza 3514805, Egypt
| | - Bayan A. Hassan
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Hayat H.M. El-Nour
- Biology of Reproduction Department, Animal Reproduction Research Institute, Giza 3514805, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abd-Elhakim YM, Behairy A, Hashem MMM, Abo-El-Sooud K, El-Metwally AE, Hassan BA, Ali HA. Toll-like receptors and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway involvement in hepatorenal oxidative damage induced by some food preservatives in rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5938. [PMID: 37045926 PMCID: PMC10097866 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32887-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical food preservatives are extensively found in various processed food products in the human environment. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the effect of long-term exposure to five food preservatives (potassium sorbate (PS), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), sodium benzoate (SB), calcium propionate (CP), and boric acid (BA)) on the liver and kidney in rats and the probable underlying mechanisms. For 90 days, sixty male albino rats were orally given either water (control), 0.09 mg/kg b.wt BHA, 4.5 mg/kg b.wt PS, 0.9 mg/kg b.wt SB, 0.16 mg/kg b.wt BA, or 0.18 mg/kg b.wt CP. Liver and kidney function tests were assessed. Hepatic and renal oxidative stress biomarkers were estimated. Histologic examination analysis of liver and kidney tissues was achieved. Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 (TLR-2 and TLR-4), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) mRNA expression levels were measured. The results revealed that long-term oral dosing of the five food preservatives resulted in significant increases in alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, urea, uric acid, and creatinine levels. There were significant reductions in hepatic and renal antioxidant enzymes, an increase in MDA concentrations, and pathological alterations in renal and hepatic tissues. The mRNA levels of TLR-4, TLR-2, NF-κB, and TNF-α were elevated in the food preservatives-exposed groups. Conclusively, the current findings revealed that long-term exposure to PS, BHA, SB, CP, and BA has a negative impact on liver and kidney function. Furthermore, these negative effects could be mediated via oxidative stress induction, inflammatory reactions, and cytokine production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina M Abd-Elhakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Amany Behairy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M M Hashem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Khaled Abo-El-Sooud
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Abeer E El-Metwally
- Pathology Department, Animal Reproduction Research Institute, Giza, 3514805, Egypt
| | - Bayan A Hassan
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Haytham A Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 23218, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abo-El-Sooud K, Abd-Elhakim YM, Hashem MMM, El-Metwally AE, Hassan BA, El-Nour HHM. Ameliorative effects of quercetin against hepatic toxicity of oral sub-chronic co-exposure to aluminum oxide nanoparticles and lead-acetate in male rats. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 2022; 396:737-747. [PMID: 36472630 PMCID: PMC10042903 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02351-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe present study was designed to evaluate the probable ameliorative role of quercetin (QCN) against oxidative hepatotoxicity induced by aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3NPs) with a diameter < 30 nm and lead acetate (Pb) co-exposure in adult male Sprague–Dawley rats. Rats were weighed and allocated to seven groups (n = 10 each) and were treated orally via orogastric gavage for 60 successive days: rats of the 1st group were kept as control given distilled water (1 ml/kg), rats of the 2nd group received 2 ml/kg BW/day corn oil; rats of the 3rd group were administered 20 mg/kg BW QCN/day; rats of the 4th group received 100 mg/kg BW Al2O3NPs; rats of the 5th group received 50 mg/kg BW Pb; rats of the 6th group co-received Al2O3NPs and Pb at the same previous doses; and rats of the 7th group were co-administered Al2O3NPs, Pb, and QCN at the same previous doses. At the end of the experiment, serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total, direct, indirect bilirubin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL, VLDL, and LDL were estimated. The hepatic oxidative stress biomarkers as superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), were also evaluated. Finally, the histopathological and histomorphometric evaluations and the residues of Al and Pb in hepatic tissues were assessed. Al2O3NPs and/or Pb exposure significantly elevated lipid peroxidation levels and considerably altered the hepatic biochemical parameters; nevertheless, QCN significantly reduced hepatic enzymes compared to toxicant exposed groups. Additionally, QCN significantly improved Al2O3NPs-afforded liver tissue damage, as established in microscopic findings on the liver in the group treated with Al2O3NPs + Pb. Conclusively, QCN could be a candidate natural agent to safeguard the liver versus the co-harmful impacts of Al2O3NPs and Pb toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Abo-El-Sooud
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yasmina M Abd-Elhakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed M M Hashem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Bayan A Hassan
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hayat H M El-Nour
- Biology of Reproduction Department, Animal Reproduction Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Behairy A, Hashem MM, Abo-El-Sooud K, El-Metwally AE, Hassan BA, Abd-Elhakim YM. Quercetin Abates Aluminum Trioxide Nanoparticles and Lead Acetate Induced Altered Sperm Quality, Testicular Oxidative Damage, and Sexual Hormones Disruption in Male Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11112133. [PMID: 36358505 PMCID: PMC9686927 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of exposure to lead acetate (PbAc) and/or aluminum trioxide nanoparticles (Al2O3NPs) on testicular function. Additionally, the probable reproprotective effects of quercetin (QTN) against Al2O3NPs and PbAc co-exposure in male Sprague Dawely rats were assessed. Al2O3NPs (100 mg/kg b.wt.), PbAc (50 mg/kg b.wt.), and QTN (20 mg/kg b.wt.) were orally administered for 60 days. Then, spermiogram, histopathological examinations of the testis and accessory glands, and immunohistochemical detection of androgen receptors (AR) and tumor necrotic factor alpha (TNF-α) were achieved. Moreover, serum levels of male sex hormones and testicular levels of antioxidant indices were estimated. The results showed that Al2O3NPs and/or PbAc caused significant sperm abnormalities, testicular oxidative stress, and histopathological changes. Furthermore, serum testosterone, LH, and FSH levels significantly decreased, while estradiol levels significantly increased. The Al2O3NPs and/or PbAc co-exposed group had more obvious disturbances. Furthermore, QTN co-administration significantly reversed the Al2O3NPs and PbAc-induced testicular histopathological alterations, reduced antioxidant defenses, and altered AR and TNF-α immune expression in testicular tissues. Conclusively, Al2O3NPs and/or PbAc evoked testicular dysfunction by inducing oxidative injury and inflammation. However, QTN oral dosing effectively mitigated the negative effects of Al2O3NPs and PbAc by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation and improving the antioxidant defense system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amany Behairy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Hashem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Khaled Abo-El-Sooud
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Abeer E. El-Metwally
- Pathology Department, Animal Reproduction Research Institute, Giza 3514805, Egypt
| | - Bayan A. Hassan
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Yasmina M. Abd-Elhakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Correspondence: or
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hashem MM, Abo-EL-Sooud K, Abd El-Hakim YM, Abdel-hamid Badr Y, El-Metwally AE, Bahy-EL-Dien A. The impact of long-term oral exposure to low doses of acrylamide on the hematological indicators, immune functions, and splenic tissue architecture in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 105:108568. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
7
|
Abd-Elhakim YM, El Sharkawy NI, El Bohy KM, Hassan MA, Gharib HSA, El-Metwally AE, Arisha AH, Imam TS. Iprodione and/or chlorpyrifos exposure induced testicular toxicity in adult rats by suppression of steroidogenic genes and SIRT1/TERT/PGC-1α pathway. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:56491-56506. [PMID: 34060014 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14339-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There is cumulative evidence that iprodione (IPR) fungicide and chlorpyrifos (CPF) insecticide are endocrine disruptors that can evoke reproductive toxicity. Yet, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Besides, the outcomes of their co-exposure to male sexual behavior and male fertility are still unknown. The effects of IPR (200 mg/kg b.wt) and CPF (7.45 mg/kg b.wt) single or mutual exposure for 65 days on sexual behavior, sex hormones, testicular enzymes, testis, and accessory sex gland histomorphometric measurements, apoptosis, and oxidative stress biomarkers were investigated. In addition, expression of nuclear receptor subfamily group A (NR5A1), 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD17B3), silent information regulator type-1 (SIRT1), telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) genes has been assessed. Our results revealed that the individual or concurrent IPR and CPF exposure significantly disturb the sexual behavior, semen characteristics, testicular enzymes, and male hormones level. Oxidative stress caused by IPR and CPF activates apoptosis by inducing Caspase-3 and reducing Bcl-2. Downregulation of HSD17B3, NR5A1, and SIRT1/TERT/PGC-1α pathway was evident. Of note, most of these disturbances were exaggerated in rats co-exposed to IPR and CPF compared to IPR or CPF alone. Conclusively, our findings verified that IPR and CPF possibly damage the male reproductive system, and concurrent exposure should be avoided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina M Abd-Elhakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nabela I El Sharkawy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Khlood M El Bohy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mona A Hassan
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Heba S A Gharib
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Abeer E El-Metwally
- Department of Pathology, Animal Reproduction Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hamed Arisha
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Tamer S Imam
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hassan MA, El Bohy KM, El Sharkawy NI, Imam TS, El-Metwally AE, Hamed Arisha A, Mohammed HA, Abd-Elhakim YM. Iprodione and chlorpyrifos induce testicular damage, oxidative stress, apoptosis and suppression of steroidogenic- and spermatogenic-related genes in immature male albino rats. Andrologia 2021; 53:e13978. [PMID: 33586219 DOI: 10.1111/and.13978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungicide iprodione (IPR) and the insecticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) are concurrently applied for early disease control in fruits and other crops. However, there are no available data about the impacts of their co-exposure. Additionally, IPR and CPF are known as endocrine disruptors that can cause reproductive toxicity. The outcomes of their co-exposure on the development of male reproductive organs are still unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the risk of exposure to these pesticides, particularly on the postnatal development of the male albino rat reproductive system from postnatal days 23-60. The results revealed that a single IPR or CPF exposure has harmful consequences on the reproductive development and function manifested by reduced testicular weight, serious changes in sperm characteristics, reproductive hormone level imbalance, testicular enzymes, oxidative stress and apoptosis-related enzymes, which correlated with transcription levels of steroidogenic- and spermatogenic-related genes. Histopathologically, both compounds caused severe damage in the testis and accessory glands architecture. Notably, co-exposure to IPR and CPF in rats caused more serious damage, indicative of an additive effect than individual exposure, so concurrent exposure should be avoided as it is more hazardous, especially on male fertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona A Hassan
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Khlood M El Bohy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nabela I El Sharkawy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Tamer S Imam
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Abeer E El-Metwally
- Department of Pathology, Animal Reproduction Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hamed Arisha
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr city, Egypt.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Haiam A Mohammed
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Yasmina M Abd-Elhakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hashem MM, Abo-El-Sooud K, Abd-Elhakim YM, Badr YAH, El-Metwally AE, Bahy-El-Dien A. The long-term oral exposure to titanium dioxide impaired immune functions and triggered cytotoxic and genotoxic impacts in rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 60:126473. [PMID: 32142956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Titanium dioxide "TiO2, E171″ is a widely used food additive that exists in various everyday food products all over the world together with vast applications in cosmetics and industry. However, many toxicological aspects particularly following oral exposure still unclear. METHODS Hence, this study was planned to examine the effect of oral exposure of male Wistar rats to two doses of TiO2 (20 or 40 mg/kg b.wt.) through oral gavage once daily for 90 consecutive days on the blood components, immunity, cytotoxic, and genotoxic indicators. RESULTS A dose-dependent leukopenia, eosinophilia, neutrophilia, and thrombocytopenia were noted. Also, the immunoglobins G (IgG) and IgM were significantly elevated in TiO2 treated rats. The phagocytic activities, lysozyme, nitric oxide, and immunoglobulin levels were significantly depleted following TiO2 exposure. A significantly reduced lymphocyte proliferation but elevated LDH activity was prominent in TiO2 treated rats. Different pathological perturbations were observed in both splenic tissue and bone marrow. A marked increase in CD4+ and CD8+ immunolabeling was evident. A significant increase in the comet variables was recorded in response to the exposure of rats to the increasing level of TiO2 at both levels. CONCLUSION Overall, these results indicated that TiO2 could induce hematotoxicity, genotoxic, and immunotoxic alterations with exposure for long durations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Hashem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Khaled Abo-El-Sooud
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yasmina M Abd-Elhakim
- Department of Forensic medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Yahia Abdel-Hamid Badr
- Department of Laser Sciences and interactions, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed Bahy-El-Dien
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abd-Elhakim YM, Hashem MMM, Abo-El-Sooud K, Ali HA, Anwar A, El-Metwally AE, Mahmoud EA, Moustafa GG. Involvement of tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon gamma-γ, and interleukins 1β, 6, and 10 in immunosuppression due to long-term exposure to five common food preservatives in rats. Gene 2020; 742:144590. [PMID: 32179172 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Food preservatives are abundant in many products in the human environment. However, little is known about the impact of many food preservatives on the immune system and the immune related genes. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of five widespread food preservatives, including butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), potassium sorbate (PS), sodium benzoate (SB), boric acid (BA), and calcium propionate (CP), on haemato-immune functions. METHOD Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to groups orally administered water (control), BHA (0.09 mg/kg), PS (4.5 mg/kg), SB (0.9 mg/kg), BA (0.16 mg/kg) or CP (0.18 mg/kg) for 90 consecutive days. Leukogram and erythrogram profiles were assessed. Nitric oxide and immunoglobulin levels together with phagocytic and lysozyme activities were estimated. Histologic examinations and histomorphometric analysis of splenic tissues were performed. Variations in the mRNA expression levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFNγ), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 were assessed. RESULTS Anemic conditions, thrombocytopenia, leucocytopaenia simultaneous with lymphocytopaenia, monocytopenia, and esinopenia have been obvious following long term exposure to the tested food additives. Prominent exhaustion was noted in immunoglobulin and NO levels and in lysozyme and phagocytic activities. IFNγ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 were obviously upregulated in the groups exposed to food preservatives. CONCLUSION These results confirmed that continued exposure to high levels of BHA, PS, SB, BA, and CP has haematotoxic and immunotoxic effects. Furthermore, these adverse effects are mediated by cytokine production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina M Abd-Elhakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed M M Hashem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Khaled Abo-El-Sooud
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Haytham A Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Anwar
- Immunology Unit, Animal Reproduction Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Essam A Mahmoud
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Gihan G Moustafa
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abd-Elhakim YM, Moustafa GG, Hashem MM, Ali HA, Abo-El-Sooud K, El-Metwally AE. Influence of the long-term exposure to tartrazine and chlorophyll on the fibrogenic signalling pathway in liver and kidney of rats: the expression patterns of collagen 1-α, TGFβ-1, fibronectin, and caspase-3 genes. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:12368-12378. [PMID: 30847814 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04734-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Colouring agents are highly present in diverse products in the human environment. We aimed to elucidate the fibrogenic cascade triggered by the food dyes tartrazine and chlorophyll. Rats were orally given distilled water, tenfold of the acceptable daily intake of tartrazine, or chlorophyll for 90 consecutive days. Tartrazine-treated rats displayed a significant rise (p < 0.05) in the mRNA levels and immunohistochemical localization of the renal and hepatic fibrotic markers collagen 1-α, TGFβ-1, and fibronectin and the apoptotic marker caspase-3. Moreover, a significant increment (p < 0.05) in the levels of AST, ALP, creatinine, and urea was evident in both experimental groups but more significant differences were noticed in the tartrazine group. Furthermore, we found a marked increment in the MDA level and significant declines (p < 0.05) in the levels of the SOD, CAT, and GSH enzymes in the kidney and liver from tartrazine-treated rats. The histological investigation reinforced the aforementioned data, revealing hepatocytes with fibrous connective tissue proliferation, apoptotic hepatocytes and periportal fibrosis with tubular necrosis, and shrunken glomeruli and interstitial fibrous tissue proliferation. We concluded that, even at the exposure to high concentrations for long durations, chlorophyll exhibited a lower propensity to induce fibrosis, apoptosis, and histopathological perturbations than tartrazine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina M Abd-Elhakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Gihan G Moustafa
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Hashem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Haytham A Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Jeddah University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Abo-El-Sooud
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abd El-Hakim YM, Mohamed WA, El-Metwally AE. Spirulina platensis attenuates furan reprotoxicity by regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in testis of rats. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 161:25-33. [PMID: 29857230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Furan is a common food contaminant and environmental pollutant. Spirulina platensis (SP) is a blue-green algae extensively used as therapeutic and health supplements. This study aimed to explore the probable beneficial role of SP against the influence of furan on reproductive system of male rats. Adult male rats were divided into control, vehicle control, SP (300 mg/kg bwt/ day, 7 days), furan (16 mg/kg bwt/ day,30 day), SP/furan, furan/SP and furan+SP groups. Hematology, sperm count, sperm morphology, serum testosterone (TES), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E2) levels, reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), testicular enzymes, and pro inflammatory cytokines were estimated. In addition, histopathology of testis and seminal vesicles and apoptosis were evaluated. Anaemia, leukocytosis, and reduced gonadosomatic index were observed in the furan treated group. TES, LH, FSH, E2, and GSH were significantly decreased following furan treatment. MDA, testicular enzymes, and pro inflammatory cytokines were significantly incremented in testis of furan treated rats. Furan induced apoptic changes in testis. SP significantly counteracted furan reprotoxic impacts, particularly at co-exposure. Conclusively, these findings verified that SP could be candidate therapy against furan reprotoxic impacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina M Abd El-Hakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Wafaa A Mohamed
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Abeer E El-Metwally
- Pathology Department, Animal Reproduction Research Institute (A.R.R.I.), Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abd-Elhakim YM, Hashem MM, Anwar A, El-Metwally AE, Abo-El-Sooud K, Moustafa GG, Mouneir SM, Ali HA. Effects of the food additives sodium acid pyrophosphate, sodium acetate, and citric acid on hemato-immunological pathological biomarkers in rats: Relation to PPAR-α, PPAR-γ and tnfα signaling pathway. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 62:98-106. [PMID: 29986283 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The food additives sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP), sodium acetate (SA), and citric acid (CA) were evaluated for their hemato-immunotoxic effects. Forty adult Sprague-Dawley rats were distributed into four groups and were orally administered water, SAPP (12.6 mg/kg), CA (180 mg/kg), or SA (13.5 mg /kg) daily for 90 days. Erythrogram and leukogram profiles were evaluated. The levels of lysozyme, nitric oxide, immunoglobulin, and phagocytic activity were measured. Histologic and immunohistochemical evaluations of splenic tissues were performed. Changes in the mRNA expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and γ (PPAR-α and PPAR-γ), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) genes were assessed. A significant leukopenic condition was observed with SAPP, while CA induced marked leukocytosis, and SA showed a lymphocytosis condition. Both the innate and humoral parameters were significantly depressed. Various pathological lesions were observed, including diffuse hyperplasia of the red pulp, depletion of the white pulp, and capsular and parenchymal fibrosis. A marked decrease in CD3 T-lymphocyte and CD20 B-lymphocyte immunolabeling in rats treated with SAPP and SA was evident. Marked downregulation of PPAR-α and PPAR-γ together with upregulation of TNF-α was recorded. These results indicate that high doses of SAPP, SA and CA exert hematotoxic and immunotoxic effects with long-term exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed M Hashem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abeer Anwar
- Immunology Unit, Animal Reproduction Research Institute (ARRI), Gizza, Egypt
| | - Abeer E El-Metwally
- Pathology Department, Animal Reproduction Research Institute (A.R.R.I.), Giza, Egypt
| | - Khaled Abo-El-Sooud
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Gihan G Moustafa
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samar M Mouneir
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Haytham A Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of science, University of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|