1
|
Song S, Pinar Solé A, Matěj A, Li G, Stetsovych O, Soler D, Yang H, Telychko M, Li J, Kumar M, Chen Q, Edalatmanesh S, Brabec J, Veis L, Wu J, Jelinek P, Lu J. Highly entangled polyradical nanographene with coexisting strong correlation and topological frustration. Nat Chem 2024:10.1038/s41557-024-01453-9. [PMID: 38374456 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01453-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Open-shell nanographenes exhibit unconventional π-magnetism arising from topological frustration or strong electron-electron interaction. However, conventional design approaches are typically limited to a single magnetic origin, which can restrict the number of correlated spins or the type of magnetic ordering in open-shell nanographenes. Here we present a design strategy that combines topological frustration and electron-electron interactions to fabricate a large fully fused 'butterfly'-shaped tetraradical nanographene on Au(111). We employ bond-resolved scanning tunnelling microscopy and spin-excitation spectroscopy to resolve the molecular backbone and reveal the strongly correlated open-shell character, respectively. This nanographene contains four unpaired electrons with both ferromagnetic and anti-ferromagnetic interactions, harbouring a many-body singlet ground state and strong multi-spin entanglement, which is well described by many-body calculations. Furthermore, we study the magnetic properties and spin states in the nanographene using a nickelocene magnetic probe. The ability to imprint and characterize many-body strongly correlated spins in polyradical nanographenes paves the way for future advancements in quantum information technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaotang Song
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrés Pinar Solé
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Matěj
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Guangwu Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Diego Soler
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Huimin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mykola Telychko
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Manish Kumar
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Qifan Chen
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jiri Brabec
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Veis
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Pavel Jelinek
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Frezza F, Matěj A, Sánchez-Grande A, Carrera M, Mutombo P, Kumar M, Curiel D, Jelínek P. On-Surface Synthesis of a Radical 2D Supramolecular Organic Framework. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3531-3538. [PMID: 38269436 PMCID: PMC10859929 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The design of supramolecular organic radical cages and frameworks is one of the main challenges in supramolecular chemistry. Their interesting material properties and wide applications make them very promising for (photo)redox catalysis, sensors, or host-guest spin-spin interactions. However, the high reactivity of radical organic systems makes the design of such supramolecular radical assemblies challenging. Here, we report the on-surface synthesis of a purely organic supramolecular radical framework on Au(111), by combining supramolecular and on-surface chemistry. We employ a tripodal precursor, functionalized with 7-azaindole groups that, catalyzed by a single gold atom on the surface, forms a radical molecular product constituted by a π-extended fluoradene-based radical core. The radical products self-assemble through hydrogen bonding, leading to extended 2D domains ordered in a Kagome-honeycomb lattice. This approach demonstrates the potential of on-surface synthesis for developing 2D supramolecular radical organic chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Frezza
- Institute
of Physics of Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 16200 Prague 6 ,Czech Republic
- Faculty
of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 78/7,11519 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Matěj
- Institute
of Physics of Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 16200 Prague 6 ,Czech Republic
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. Listopadu 12, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ana Sánchez-Grande
- Institute
of Physics of Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 16200 Prague 6 ,Czech Republic
| | - Manuel Carrera
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Murcia,
Campus of Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pingo Mutombo
- Institute
of Physics of Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 16200 Prague 6 ,Czech Republic
- Département
de Raffinage et Pétrochimie, Faculté de Pétrole,
Gaz et Énergies Renouvelables, Université
de Kinshasa, BP 127 Kinshasa XI, République
Démocratique du Congo
| | - Manish Kumar
- Institute
of Physics of Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 16200 Prague 6 ,Czech Republic
| | - David Curiel
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Murcia,
Campus of Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Institute
of Physics of Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 16200 Prague 6 ,Czech Republic
- CATRIN-RCPTM, Palacký University, Šlechtitelu° 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Berdonces-Layunta A, Matěj A, Jiménez-Martín A, Lawrence J, Mohammed MSG, Wang T, Mallada B, de la Torre B, Martínez A, Vilas-Varela M, Nieman R, Lischka H, Nachtigallová D, Peña D, Jelínek P, de Oteyza DG. The effect of water on gold supported chiral graphene nanoribbons: rupture of conjugation by an alternating hydrogenation pattern. Nanoscale 2024; 16:734-741. [PMID: 38086686 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02933f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
In the last few years we have observed a breakpoint in the development of graphene-derived technologies, such as liquid phase filtering and their application to electronics. In most of these cases, they imply exposure of the material to solvents and ambient moisture, either in the fabrication of the material or the final device. The present study demonstrates the sensitivity of graphene nanoribbon (GNR) zigzag edges to water, even in extremely low concentrations. We have addressed the unique reactivity of (3,1)-chiral GNR with moisture on Au(111). Water shows a reductive behaviour, hydrogenating the central carbon of the zigzag segments. By combining scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) with simulations, we demonstrate how their reactivity reaches a thermodynamic limit when half of the unit cells are reduced, resulting in an alternating pattern of hydrogenated and pristine unit cells starting from the terminal segments. Once a quasi-perfect alternation is reached, the reaction stops regardless of the water concentration. The hydrogenated segments limit the electronic conjugation of the GNR, but the reduction can be reversed both by tip manipulation and annealing. Selective tip-induced dehydrogenation allowed the stabilization of radical states at the edges of the ribbons, while the annealing of the sample completely recovered the original, pristine GNR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Berdonces-Layunta
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain.
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Adam Matěj
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 16200 Prague, Czech Republic.
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacky University, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alejandro Jiménez-Martín
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 16200 Prague, Czech Republic.
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacky University, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Brehova 7, Prague 1 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - James Lawrence
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain.
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Mohammed S G Mohammed
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain.
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Tao Wang
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain.
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Benjamin Mallada
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 16200 Prague, Czech Republic.
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacky University, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Bruno de la Torre
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacky University, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Adrián Martínez
- Centro Singular de Investigacion en Quimica Bioloxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), and Departamento de Quimica Organica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Vilas-Varela
- Centro Singular de Investigacion en Quimica Bioloxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), and Departamento de Quimica Organica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Reed Nieman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1061, USA
| | - Hans Lischka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1061, USA
| | - Dana Nachtigallová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
- IT4Innovations, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava-Poruba 70800, Czech Republic
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro Singular de Investigacion en Quimica Bioloxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), and Departamento de Quimica Organica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 16200 Prague, Czech Republic.
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacky University, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Dimas G de Oteyza
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain.
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN), CSIC-UNIOVI-PA, 33940 El Entrego, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lawrence J, Berdonces-Layunta A, Edalatmanesh S, Castro-Esteban J, Wang T, Jimenez-Martin A, de la Torre B, Castrillo-Bodero R, Angulo-Portugal P, Mohammed MSG, Matěj A, Vilas-Varela M, Schiller F, Corso M, Jelinek P, Peña D, de Oteyza DG. Author Correction: Circumventing the stability problems of graphene nanoribbon zigzag edges. Nat Chem 2023:10.1038/s41557-023-01324-9. [PMID: 37993662 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01324-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James Lawrence
- Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (MPC), CSIC-UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Alejandro Berdonces-Layunta
- Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (MPC), CSIC-UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | - Jesús Castro-Esteban
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Tao Wang
- Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (MPC), CSIC-UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Alejandro Jimenez-Martin
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bruno de la Torre
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Mohammed S G Mohammed
- Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (MPC), CSIC-UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Adam Matěj
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Manuel Vilas-Varela
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Frederik Schiller
- Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (MPC), CSIC-UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Martina Corso
- Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (MPC), CSIC-UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Pavel Jelinek
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Dimas G de Oteyza
- Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastián, Spain.
- Centro de Física de Materiales (MPC), CSIC-UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN), CSIC-UNIOVI-PA, El Entrego, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jiménez-Martín A, Villalobos F, Mallada B, Edalatmanesh S, Matěj A, Cuerva JM, Jelínek P, Campaña AG, de la Torre B. On-surface synthesis of non-benzenoid conjugated polymers by selective atomic rearrangement of ethynylarenes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1403-1412. [PMID: 36794197 PMCID: PMC9906656 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04722e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report a new on-surface synthetic strategy to precisely introduce five-membered units into conjugated polymers from specifically designed precursor molecules that give rise to low-bandgap fulvalene-bridged bisanthene polymers. The selective formation of non-benzenoid units is finely controlled by the annealing parameters, which govern the initiation of atomic rearrangements that efficiently transform previously formed diethynyl bridges into fulvalene moieties. The atomically precise structures and electronic properties have been unmistakably characterized by STM, nc-AFM, and STS and the results are supported by DFT theoretical calculations. Interestingly, the fulvalene-bridged bisanthene polymers exhibit experimental narrow frontier electronic gaps of 1.2 eV on Au(111) with fully conjugated units. This on-surface synthetic strategy can potentially be extended to other conjugated polymers to tune their optoelectronic properties by integrating five-membered rings at precise sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Jiménez-Martín
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc Olomouc 783 71 Czech Republic .,Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague Brehova 7 Prague 1 115 19 Czech Republic.,Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 162 00 Czech Republic
| | - Federico Villalobos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Granada (UGR), Unidad de Excelencia de Química UEQ, C. U. Fuentenueva Granada 18071 Spain
| | - Benjamin Mallada
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc Olomouc 783 71 Czech Republic .,J. Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc 78371 Czech Republic.,Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 162 00 Czech Republic
| | - Shayan Edalatmanesh
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc Olomouc 783 71 Czech Republic .,J. Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc 78371 Czech Republic.,Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 162 00 Czech Republic
| | - Adam Matěj
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc Olomouc 783 71 Czech Republic .,J. Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc 78371 Czech Republic.,Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 162 00 Czech Republic
| | - Juan M. Cuerva
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Granada (UGR), Unidad de Excelencia de Química UEQ, C. U. FuentenuevaGranada 18071Spain
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc Olomouc 783 71 Czech Republic .,Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 162 00 Czech Republic
| | - Araceli G. Campaña
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Granada (UGR), Unidad de Excelencia de Química UEQ, C. U. FuentenuevaGranada 18071Spain
| | - Bruno de la Torre
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc Olomouc 783 71 Czech Republic .,Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 162 00 Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rascon EC, Riss A, Matěj A, Wiengarten A, Mutombo P, Soler D, Jelinek P, Auwärter W. On-Surface Synthesis of Square-Type Porphyrin Tetramers with Central Antiaromatic Cyclooctatetraene Moiety. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:967-977. [PMID: 36580274 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of two-dimensionally extended polycyclic heteroatomic molecules keeps attracting considerable attention. In particular, frameworks bearing planar cyclooctatetraenes (COT) moieties can display intriguing properties, including antiaromaticity. Here, we present an on-surface chemistry route to square-type porphyrin tetramers with a central COT ring, coexisting with other oligomers. This approach employing temperature-induced dehydrogenative porphyrin homocoupling in an ultrahigh vacuum environment provides access to surface-supported, unsubstituted porphyrin tetramers that are not easily achievable by conventional synthesis means. Specifically, monomeric free-base (2H-P) and Zn-metalated (Zn-P) porphines (P) were employed to form square-type free-base and Zn-functionalized tetramers on Ag(100). An atomic-level characterization by bond-resolved atomic force microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy is provided, identifying the molecular structures. Complemented by density functional theory modeling, the electronic structure is elucidated, indeed revealing antiaromaticity induced by the COT moiety. The present study thus gives access, and insights, to a porphyrin oligomer, representing both a model system for directly fused porphyrins and a potential building block for conjugated, extended two-dimensional porphyrin sheets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Corral Rascon
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander Riss
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Adam Matěj
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic.,Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacky University in Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alissa Wiengarten
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Pingo Mutombo
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Diego Soler
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Jelinek
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic.,Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacky University in Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Willi Auwärter
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lawrence J, Berdonces-Layunta A, Edalatmanesh S, Castro-Esteban J, Wang T, Jimenez-Martin A, de la Torre B, Castrillo-Bodero R, Angulo-Portugal P, Mohammed MSG, Matěj A, Vilas-Varela M, Schiller F, Corso M, Jelinek P, Peña D, de Oteyza DG. Publisher Correction: Circumventing the stability problems of graphene nanoribbon zigzag edges. Nat Chem 2022; 14:1471-1473. [PMID: 36517564 PMCID: PMC11052706 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01105-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James Lawrence
- Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (MPC), CSIC-UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Alejandro Berdonces-Layunta
- Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (MPC), CSIC-UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | - Jesús Castro-Esteban
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Tao Wang
- Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (MPC), CSIC-UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Alejandro Jimenez-Martin
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bruno de la Torre
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Mohammed S G Mohammed
- Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (MPC), CSIC-UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Adam Matěj
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Manuel Vilas-Varela
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Frederik Schiller
- Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (MPC), CSIC-UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Martina Corso
- Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (MPC), CSIC-UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Pavel Jelinek
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Dimas G de Oteyza
- Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastián, Spain.
- Centro de Física de Materiales (MPC), CSIC-UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN), CSIC-UNIOVI-PA, El Entrego, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lawrence J, Berdonces-Layunta A, Edalatmanesh S, Castro-Esteban J, Wang T, Jimenez-Martin A, de la Torre B, Castrillo-Bodero R, Angulo-Portugal P, Mohammed MSG, Matěj A, Vilas-Varela M, Schiller F, Corso M, Jelinek P, Peña D, de Oteyza DG. Circumventing the stability problems of graphene nanoribbon zigzag edges. Nat Chem 2022; 14:1451-1458. [PMID: 36163268 PMCID: PMC10665199 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01042-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanostructures with zigzag edges exhibit unique properties-such as localized electronic states and spins-with exciting potential applications. Such nanostructures however are generally synthesized under vacuum because their zigzag edges are unstable under ambient conditions: a barrier that must be surmounted to achieve their scalable integration into devices for practical purposes. Here we show two chemical protection/deprotection strategies, demonstrated on labile, air-sensitive chiral graphene nanoribbons. Upon hydrogenation, the chiral graphene nanoribbons survive exposure to air, after which they are easily converted back to their original structure by annealing. We also approach the problem from another angle by synthesizing a form of the chiral graphene nanoribbons that is functionalized with ketone side groups. This oxidized form is chemically stable and can be converted to the pristine hydrocarbon form by hydrogenation and annealing. In both cases, the deprotected chiral graphene nanoribbons regain electronic properties similar to those of the pristine nanoribbons. We believe both approaches may be extended to other graphene nanoribbons and carbon-based nanostructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Lawrence
- Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (MPC), CSIC-UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Alejandro Berdonces-Layunta
- Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (MPC), CSIC-UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | - Jesús Castro-Esteban
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Tao Wang
- Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (MPC), CSIC-UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Alejandro Jimenez-Martin
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bruno de la Torre
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Mohammed S G Mohammed
- Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (MPC), CSIC-UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Adam Matěj
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Manuel Vilas-Varela
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Frederik Schiller
- Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (MPC), CSIC-UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Martina Corso
- Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (MPC), CSIC-UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Pavel Jelinek
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Dimas G de Oteyza
- Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastián, Spain.
- Centro de Física de Materiales (MPC), CSIC-UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN), CSIC-UNIOVI-PA, El Entrego, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lowe B, Hellerstedt J, Matěj A, Mutombo P, Kumar D, Ondráček M, Jelinek P, Schiffrin A. Selective Activation of Aromatic C–H Bonds Catalyzed by Single Gold Atoms at Room Temperature. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21389-21397. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Lowe
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria3800, Australia
| | - Jack Hellerstedt
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria3800, Australia
| | - Adam Matěj
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00Prague, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, 779 00Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 771 46Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pingo Mutombo
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dhaneesh Kumar
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria3800, Australia
| | - Martin Ondráček
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Jelinek
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00Prague, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, 779 00Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Agustin Schiffrin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria3800, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Biswas K, Urbani M, Sánchez-Grande A, Soler-Polo D, Lauwaet K, Matěj A, Mutombo P, Veis L, Brabec J, Pernal K, Gallego JM, Miranda R, Écija D, Jelínek P, Torres T, Urgel JI. Interplay between π-Conjugation and Exchange Magnetism in One-Dimensional Porphyrinoid Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:12725-12731. [PMID: 35817408 PMCID: PMC9305978 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of novel polymeric materials with porphyrinoid compounds as key components of the repeating units attracts widespread interest from several scientific fields in view of their extraordinary variety of functional properties with potential applications in a wide range of highly significant technologies. The vast majority of such polymers present a closed-shell ground state, and, only recently, as the result of improved synthetic strategies, the engineering of open-shell porphyrinoid polymers with spin delocalization along the conjugation length has been achieved. Here, we present a combined strategy toward the fabrication of one-dimensional porphyrinoid-based polymers homocoupled via surface-catalyzed [3 + 3] cycloaromatization of isopropyl substituents on Au(111). Scanning tunneling microscopy and noncontact atomic force microscopy describe the thermal-activated intra- and intermolecular oxidative ring closure reactions as well as the controlled tip-induced hydrogen dissociation from the porphyrinoid units. In addition, scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements, complemented by computational investigations, reveal the open-shell character, that is, the antiferromagnetic singlet ground state (S = 0) of the formed polymers, characterized by singlet-triplet inelastic excitations observed between spins of adjacent porphyrinoid units. Our approach sheds light on the crucial relevance of the π-conjugation in the correlations between spins, while expanding the on-surface synthesis toolbox and opening avenues toward the synthesis of innovative functional nanomaterials with prospects in carbon-based spintronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Biswas
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Maxence Urbani
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez-Grande
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Diego Soler-Polo
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, Praha 162 00, Czech Republic
| | - Koen Lauwaet
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Adam Matěj
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, Praha 162 00, Czech Republic.,Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Pingo Mutombo
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, Praha 162 00, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Veis
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 182 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Brabec
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 182 00, Czech Republic
| | - Katarzyna Pernal
- Institute of Physics, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz 90-924, Poland
| | - José M Gallego
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Miranda
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain.,Departamento de Física de La Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - David Écija
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, Praha 162 00, Czech Republic.,Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Tomás Torres
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain.,Departamento de Química Orgánica and Institute for Advanced Research in Chemistry (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - José I Urgel
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zeng Z, Guo D, Wang T, Chen Q, Matěj A, Huang J, Han D, Xu Q, Zhao A, Jelínek P, de Oteyza DG, McEwen JS, Zhu J. Chemisorption-Induced Formation of Biphenylene Dimer on Ag(111). J Am Chem Soc 2021; 144:723-732. [PMID: 34964646 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We report an example that demonstrates the clear interdependence between surface-supported reactions and molecular-adsorption configurations. Two biphenyl-based molecules with two and four bromine substituents, i.e., 2,2'-dibromobiphenyl (DBBP) and 2,2',6,6'-tetrabromo-1,1'-biphenyl (TBBP), show completely different reaction pathways on a Ag(111) surface, leading to the selective formation of dibenzo[e,l]pyrene and biphenylene dimer, respectively. By combining low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy, synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations, we unravel the underlying reaction mechanism. After debromination, a biradical biphenyl can be stabilized by surface Ag adatoms, while a four-radical biphenyl undergoes spontaneous intramolecular annulation due to its extreme instability on Ag(111). Such different chemisorption-induced precursor states between DBBP and TBBP consequently lead to different reaction pathways after further annealing. In addition, using bond-resolving scanning tunneling microscopy and scanning tunneling spectroscopy, we determine with atomic precision the bond-length alternation of the biphenylene dimer product, which contains 4-, 6-, and 8-membered rings. The 4-membered ring units turn out to be radialene structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Zeng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P. R. China
| | - Dezhou Guo
- The Gene & Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Tao Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P. R. China.,Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastián 20018, Spain.,Centro de Fisica de Materiales, CFM/MPC, CSIC-UPV/EHU, San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Qifan Chen
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 16200 Prague 6, Czechia
| | - Adam Matěj
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 16200 Prague 6, Czechia
| | - Jianmin Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P. R. China
| | - Dong Han
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P. R. China
| | - Qian Xu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P. R. China
| | - Aidi Zhao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 16200 Prague 6, Czechia
| | - Dimas G de Oteyza
- Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastián 20018, Spain.,Centro de Fisica de Materiales, CFM/MPC, CSIC-UPV/EHU, San Sebastián 20018, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jean-Sabin McEwen
- The Gene & Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States.,Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States.,Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Junfa Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Biswas K, Urgel JI, Xu K, Ma J, Sánchez‐Grande A, Mutombo P, Gallardo A, Lauwaet K, Mallada B, Torre B, Matěj A, Gallego JM, Miranda R, Jelínek P, Feng X, Écija D. On‐Surface Synthesis of a Dicationic Diazahexabenzocoronene Derivative on the Au(111) Surface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Biswas
- IMDEA Nanoscience C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - José I. Urgel
- IMDEA Nanoscience C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Kun Xu
- Center for Advancing Electronics and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technical University of Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Ji Ma
- Center for Advancing Electronics and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technical University of Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Ana Sánchez‐Grande
- IMDEA Nanoscience C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Pingo Mutombo
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science CZ-16253 Praha Czech Republic
| | - Aurelio Gallardo
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science CZ-16253 Praha Czech Republic
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University CZ-180 00 Praha Czech Republic
| | - Koen Lauwaet
- IMDEA Nanoscience C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Benjamin Mallada
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science CZ-16253 Praha Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacký University Olomouc CZ-771 46 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Bruno Torre
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science CZ-16253 Praha Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacký University Olomouc CZ-771 46 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Adam Matěj
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science CZ-16253 Praha Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacký University Olomouc CZ-771 46 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - José M. Gallego
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Rodolfo Miranda
- IMDEA Nanoscience C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science CZ-16253 Praha Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacký University Olomouc CZ-771 46 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technical University of Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - David Écija
- IMDEA Nanoscience C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Biswas K, Urgel JI, Xu K, Ma J, Sánchez-Grande A, Mutombo P, Gallardo A, Lauwaet K, Mallada B, de la Torre B, Matěj A, Gallego JM, Miranda R, Jelínek P, Feng X, Écija D. On-Surface Synthesis of a Dicationic Diazahexabenzocoronene Derivative on the Au(111) Surface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25551-25556. [PMID: 34546628 PMCID: PMC9298296 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The atomically precise control over the size, shape and structure of nanographenes (NGs) or the introduction of heteroatom dopants into their sp2 -carbon lattice confer them valuable electronic, optical and magnetic properties. Herein, we report on the design and synthesis of a hexabenzocoronene derivative embedded with graphitic nitrogen in its honeycomb lattice, achieved via on-surface assisted cyclodehydrogenation on the Au(111) surface. Combined scanning tunnelling microscopy/spectroscopy and non-contact atomic force microscopy investigations unveil the chemical and electronic structures of the obtained dicationic NG. Kelvin probe force microscopy measurements reveal a considerable variation of the local contact potential difference toward lower values with respect to the gold surface, indicative of its positive net charge. Altogether, we introduce the concept of cationic nitrogen doping of NGs on surfaces, opening new avenues for the design of novel carbon nanostructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Biswas
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - José I Urgel
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kun Xu
- Center for Advancing Electronics and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University of Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ji Ma
- Center for Advancing Electronics and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University of Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ana Sánchez-Grande
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pingo Mutombo
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, CZ-16253, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Aurelio Gallardo
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, CZ-16253, Praha, Czech Republic.,Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, CZ-180 00, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Koen Lauwaet
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Benjamin Mallada
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, CZ-16253, Praha, Czech Republic.,Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, CZ-771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Bruno de la Torre
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, CZ-16253, Praha, Czech Republic.,Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, CZ-771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Matěj
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, CZ-16253, Praha, Czech Republic.,Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, CZ-771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - José M Gallego
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Miranda
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, CZ-16253, Praha, Czech Republic.,Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, CZ-771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University of Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - David Écija
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mallada B, de la Torre B, Mendieta-Moreno JI, Nachtigallová D, Matěj A, Matoušek M, Mutombo P, Brabec J, Veis L, Cadart T, Kotora M, Jelínek P. On-Surface Strain-Driven Synthesis of Nonalternant Non-Benzenoid Aromatic Compounds Containing Four- to Eight-Membered Rings. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:14694-14702. [PMID: 34379396 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons containing various non-benzenoid rings remains a big challenge facing contemporary organic chemistry despite a considerable effort made over the last decades. Herein, we present a novel route, employing on-surface chemistry, to synthesize nonalternant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons containing up to four distinct kinds of non-benzenoid rings. We show that the surface-induced mechanical constraints imposed on strained helical reactants play a decisive role leading to the formation of products, energetically unfavorable in solution, with a peculiar ring current stabilizing the aromatic character of the π-conjugated system. Determination of the chemical and electronic structures of the most frequent product reveals its closed-shell character and low band gap. The present study renders a new route for the synthesis of novel nonalternant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or other hydrocarbons driven by internal stress imposed by the surface not available by traditional approaches of organic chemistry in solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Mallada
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bruno de la Torre
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Dana Nachtigallová
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Matěj
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mikulas Matoušek
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pingo Mutombo
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Brabec
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Veis
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Timothée Cadart
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kotora
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Santhini VM, Wäckerlin C, Cahlík A, Ondráček M, Pascal S, Matěj A, Stetsovych O, Mutombo P, Lazar P, Siri O, Jelínek P. 1D Coordination π–d Conjugated Polymers with Distinct Structures Defined by the Choice of the Transition Metal: Towards a New Class of Antiaromatic Macrocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijai M. Santhini
- Institute of Physics Czech Academy of Sciences Cukrovarnická 10 16200 Prague Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacký University Šlechtitelů 27 78371 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Christian Wäckerlin
- Institute of Physics Czech Academy of Sciences Cukrovarnická 10 16200 Prague Czech Republic
- Surface Science and Coating Technologies Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Überlandstrasse 129 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Aleš Cahlík
- Institute of Physics Czech Academy of Sciences Cukrovarnická 10 16200 Prague Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacký University Šlechtitelů 27 78371 Olomouc Czech Republic
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering Czech Technical University in Prague Břehová 78/7 CZ-11519 Prague 1 Czech Republic
| | - Martin Ondráček
- Institute of Physics Czech Academy of Sciences Cukrovarnická 10 16200 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Simon Pascal
- Aix Marseille Université CINaM UMR 7325 CNRS Campus de Luminy 13288 Marseille cedex 09 France
| | - Adam Matěj
- Institute of Physics Czech Academy of Sciences Cukrovarnická 10 16200 Prague Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacký University Šlechtitelů 27 78371 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Oleksandr Stetsovych
- Institute of Physics Czech Academy of Sciences Cukrovarnická 10 16200 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Pingo Mutombo
- Institute of Physics Czech Academy of Sciences Cukrovarnická 10 16200 Prague Czech Republic
- Department of Petrochemistry and Refining University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Petr Lazar
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacký University Šlechtitelů 27 78371 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Olivier Siri
- Aix Marseille Université CINaM UMR 7325 CNRS Campus de Luminy 13288 Marseille cedex 09 France
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Institute of Physics Czech Academy of Sciences Cukrovarnická 10 16200 Prague Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacký University Šlechtitelů 27 78371 Olomouc Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Santhini VM, Wäckerlin C, Cahlík A, Ondráček M, Pascal S, Matěj A, Stetsovych O, Mutombo P, Lazar P, Siri O, Jelínek P. 1D Coordination π–d Conjugated Polymers with Distinct Structures Defined by the Choice of the Transition Metal: Towards a New Class of Antiaromatic Macrocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:439-445. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijai M. Santhini
- Institute of Physics Czech Academy of Sciences Cukrovarnická 10 16200 Prague Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacký University Šlechtitelů 27 78371 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Christian Wäckerlin
- Institute of Physics Czech Academy of Sciences Cukrovarnická 10 16200 Prague Czech Republic
- Surface Science and Coating Technologies Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Überlandstrasse 129 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Aleš Cahlík
- Institute of Physics Czech Academy of Sciences Cukrovarnická 10 16200 Prague Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacký University Šlechtitelů 27 78371 Olomouc Czech Republic
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering Czech Technical University in Prague Břehová 78/7 CZ-11519 Prague 1 Czech Republic
| | - Martin Ondráček
- Institute of Physics Czech Academy of Sciences Cukrovarnická 10 16200 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Simon Pascal
- Aix Marseille Université CINaM UMR 7325 CNRS Campus de Luminy 13288 Marseille cedex 09 France
| | - Adam Matěj
- Institute of Physics Czech Academy of Sciences Cukrovarnická 10 16200 Prague Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacký University Šlechtitelů 27 78371 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Oleksandr Stetsovych
- Institute of Physics Czech Academy of Sciences Cukrovarnická 10 16200 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Pingo Mutombo
- Institute of Physics Czech Academy of Sciences Cukrovarnická 10 16200 Prague Czech Republic
- Department of Petrochemistry and Refining University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Petr Lazar
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacký University Šlechtitelů 27 78371 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Olivier Siri
- Aix Marseille Université CINaM UMR 7325 CNRS Campus de Luminy 13288 Marseille cedex 09 France
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Institute of Physics Czech Academy of Sciences Cukrovarnická 10 16200 Prague Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacký University Šlechtitelů 27 78371 Olomouc Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
de la Torre B, Matěj A, Sánchez-Grande A, Cirera B, Mallada B, Rodríguez-Sánchez E, Santos J, Mendieta-Moreno JI, Edalatmanesh S, Lauwaet K, Otyepka M, Medveď M, Buendía Á, Miranda R, Martín N, Jelínek P, Écija D. Tailoring π-conjugation and vibrational modes to steer on-surface synthesis of pentalene-bridged ladder polymers. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4567. [PMID: 32917869 PMCID: PMC7486926 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18371-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of synthetic strategies to engineer π-conjugated polymers is of paramount importance in modern chemistry and materials science. Here we introduce a synthetic protocol based on the search for specific vibrational modes through an appropriate tailoring of the π-conjugation of the precursors, in order to increase the attempt frequency of a chemical reaction. First, we design a 1D π-conjugated polymer on Au(111), which is based on bisanthene monomers linked by cumulene bridges that tune specific vibrational modes. In a second step, upon further annealing, such vibrational modes steer the twofold cyclization reaction between adjacent bisanthene moieties, which gives rise to a long pentalene-bridged conjugated ladder polymer featuring a low bandgap. In addition, high resolution atomic force microscopy allows us to identify by atomistic insights the resonance form of the polymer, thus confirming the validity of the Glidewell and Lloyd´s rules for aromaticity. This on-surface synthetic strategy may stimulate exploiting previously precluded reactions towards π-conjugated polymers with specific structures and properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno de la Torre
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Matěj
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ana Sánchez-Grande
- IMDEA Nanociencia, C/ Faraday 9, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja Cirera
- IMDEA Nanociencia, C/ Faraday 9, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Benjamin Mallada
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | | | - José Santos
- IMDEA Nanociencia, C/ Faraday 9, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús I Mendieta-Moreno
- Institute of Physics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Shayan Edalatmanesh
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Koen Lauwaet
- IMDEA Nanociencia, C/ Faraday 9, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michal Otyepka
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Medveď
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Álvaro Buendía
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Miranda
- IMDEA Nanociencia, C/ Faraday 9, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nazario Martín
- IMDEA Nanociencia, C/ Faraday 9, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Physics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - David Écija
- IMDEA Nanociencia, C/ Faraday 9, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Urbanová V, Karlický F, Matěj A, Šembera F, Janoušek Z, Perman JA, Ranc V, Čépe K, Michl J, Otyepka M, Zbořil R. Fluorinated graphenes as advanced biosensors - effect of fluorine coverage on electron transfer properties and adsorption of biomolecules. Nanoscale 2016; 8:12134-12142. [PMID: 26879645 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00353b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Graphene derivatives are promising materials for the electrochemical sensing of diverse biomolecules and development of new biosensors owing to their improved electron transfer kinetics compared to pristine graphene. Here, we report complex electrochemical behavior and electrocatalytic performance of variously fluorinated graphene derivatives prepared by reaction of graphene with a nitrogen-fluorine mixture at 2 bars pressure. The fluorine content was simply controlled by varying the reaction time and temperature. The studies revealed that electron transfer kinetics and electrocatalytic activity of CFx strongly depend on the degree of fluorination. The versatility of fluorinated graphene as a biosensor platform was demonstrated by cyclic voltammetry for different biomolecules essential in physiological processes, i.e. NADH, ascorbic acid and dopamine. Importantly, the highest electrochemical performance, even higher than pristine graphene, was obtained for fluorinated graphene with the lowest fluorine content (CF0.084) due to its high conductivity and enhanced adsorption properties combining π-π stacking interaction with graphene regions with hydrogen-bonding interaction with fluorine atoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Urbanová
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17 listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - František Karlický
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17 listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Adam Matěj
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17 listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Filip Šembera
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2., 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Janoušek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2., 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jason A Perman
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17 listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Václav Ranc
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17 listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Klára Čépe
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17 listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Josef Michl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2., 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80301, USA
| | - Michal Otyepka
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17 listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Radek Zbořil
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17 listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|