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Park B, Bakbak E, Teoh H, Krishnaraj A, Dennis F, Quan A, Rotstein OD, Butler J, Hess DA, Verma S. GLP-1 receptor agonists and atherosclerosis protection: the vascular endothelium takes center stage. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H1159-H1176. [PMID: 38426865 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00574.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a chronic condition that often copresents with type 2 diabetes and obesity. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are incretin mimetics endorsed by major professional societies for improving glycemic status and reducing atherosclerotic risk in people living with type 2 diabetes. Although the cardioprotective efficacy of GLP-1RAs and their relationship with traditional risk factors are well established, there is a paucity of publications that have summarized the potentially direct mechanisms through which GLP-1RAs mitigate atherosclerosis. This review aims to narrow this gap by providing comprehensive and in-depth mechanistic insight into the antiatherosclerotic properties of GLP-1RAs demonstrated across large outcome trials. Herein, we describe the landmark cardiovascular outcome trials that triggered widespread excitement around GLP-1RAs as a modern class of cardioprotective agents, followed by a summary of the origins of GLP-1RAs and their mechanisms of action. The effects of GLP-1RAs at each major pathophysiological milestone of atherosclerosis, as observed across clinical trials, animal models, and cell culture studies, are described in detail. Specifically, this review provides recent preclinical and clinical evidence that suggest GLP-1RAs preserve vessel health in part by preventing endothelial dysfunction, achieved primarily through the promotion of angiogenesis and inhibition of oxidative stress. These protective effects are in addition to the broad range of atherosclerotic processes GLP-1RAs target downstream of endothelial dysfunction, which include systemic inflammation, monocyte recruitment, proinflammatory macrophage and foam cell formation, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, and plaque development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brady Park
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre of Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ehab Bakbak
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre of Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre of Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aishwarya Krishnaraj
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre of Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fallon Dennis
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre of Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre of Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ori D Rotstein
- Keenan Research Centre of Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of General Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Javed Butler
- Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - David A Hess
- Keenan Research Centre of Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre of Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Hibino M, Peterson MD, Tachibana R, Chu MWA, Bozinovski J, Dagenais F, Quan A, Papa FDV, Dickson J, Teoh H, Alli A, Hare GMT, Smith EE, Verma S, Mazer CD. Association of Cerebral Oximetry With Brain Ischemic Lesions and Functional Outcomes in Arch Repair. Ann Thorac Surg 2024; 117:627-633. [PMID: 37777147 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2023.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This exploratory analysis of the randomized controlled Aortic Surgery Cerebral Protection Evaluation CardioLink-3 trial sought to determine if cerebral oximetry desaturation during elective proximal arch repair is associated with detrimental postoperative neuroradiologic and neurofunctional outcomes. METHODS Cerebral oximetry and pre- and postoperative brain magnetic resonance imaging data from 101 participants were analyzed. Oximetry data from the trial allocation groups were compared; the relationships between cerebral oximetry indices and new ischemic cerebral lesions on magnetic resonance imaging and neurologic outcomes were also evaluated. RESULTS Total cerebral desaturation events (>20% decrease from baseline) on the left (median [interquartile range], 1 [1-3] vs 1.5 [0.5-3] with innominate and axillary cannulation; P = .80) were comparable to those on the right (1 [1-3] vs 1 [0-3]; P = .75) as were the total area under the curve of desaturation (left, P = .61; right, P = .84). Seventy patients had new ischemic lesions, among whom 36 had new severe lesions. Total desaturation events and area under the curve of desaturation were similar in patients with and without new ischemic lesions or severe lesions. The nadir regional cerebral saturation was lower on the left (49% [41-56]) than the right (53% [44-59]); left desaturation episodes were associated with lower postoperative cognitive test scores (P = .004). CONCLUSIONS The innominate and axillary cannulation techniques for elective proximal arch repair with unilateral antegrade cerebral perfusion were associated with similar occurrences of cerebral oximetry desaturation and neither were associated with new ischemic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hibino
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mark D Peterson
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital-Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Ricardo Tachibana
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University Hospital, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael W A Chu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Lawson Health Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Bozinovski
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - François Dagenais
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital-Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fábio de Vasconcelos Papa
- Department of Anesthesia, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital-Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Dickson
- Department of Anesthesia, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital-Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital-Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital-Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ahmad Alli
- Department of Anesthesia, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital-Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory M T Hare
- Department of Anesthesia, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital-Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric E Smith
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Radiology, and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital-Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C David Mazer
- Department of Anesthesia, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital-Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Krishnaraj A, Bakbak E, Teoh H, Pan Y, Firoz IN, Pandey AK, Terenzi DC, Verma R, Bari B, Bakbak AI, Kunjummar SP, Yanagawa B, Connelly KA, Mazer CD, Rotstein OD, Quan A, Bhatt DL, McGuire DK, Hess DA, Verma S. Vascular Regenerative Cell Deficiencies in South Asian Adults. J Am Coll Cardiol 2024; 83:755-769. [PMID: 38355246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND South Asian individuals shoulder a disproportionate burden of cardiometabolic diseases. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine if vascular regenerative cell content varies significantly between South Asian and White European people. METHODS Between January 2022 and January 2023, 60 South Asian and 60 White European adults with either documented cardiovascular disease or established diabetes with ≥1 other cardiovascular risk factor were prospectively enrolled. Vascular regenerative cell content in venous blood was enumerated using a flow cytometry assay that is based on high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDHhi) activity and cell surface marker phenotyping. The primary outcome was the difference in frequency of circulating ALDHhi progenitor cells, monocytes, and granulocytes between the 2 groups. RESULTS Compared with White European participants, those of South Asian ethnicity were younger (69 ± 10 years vs 66 ± 9 years; P < 0.05), had lower weight (88 ± 19 kg vs 75 ± 13 kg; P < 0.001), and exhibited a greater prevalence of type 2 diabetes (62% vs 92%). South Asian individuals had markedly lower circulating frequencies of pro-angiogenic ALDHhiSSClowCD133+ progenitor cells (P < 0.001) and ALDHhiSSCmidCD14+CD163+ monocytes with vessel-reparative capacity (P < 0.001), as well as proportionally more ALDHhi progenitor cells with high reactive oxygen species content (P < 0.05). After correction for sex, age, body mass index, and glycated hemoglobin, South Asian ethnicity was independently associated with lower ALDHhiSSClowCD133+ cell count. CONCLUSIONS South Asian people with cardiometabolic disease had less vascular regenerative and reparative cells suggesting compromised vessel repair capabilities that may contribute to the excess vascular risk in this population. (The Role of South Asian vs European Origins on Circulating Regenerative Cell Exhaustion [ORIGINS-RCE]; NCT05253521).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Krishnaraj
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ehab Bakbak
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yi Pan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Irene N Firoz
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arjun K Pandey
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Raj Verma
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Basel Bari
- Markham Health+ Plex, Markham, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Bobby Yanagawa
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kim A Connelly
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Cardiology, St Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C David Mazer
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anesthesia, St Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ori D Rotstein
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of General Surgery, St Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York, USA
| | - Darren K McGuire
- Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Parkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - David A Hess
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Barbour W, Wolff E, Puar P, Hibino M, Bakbak E, Krishnaraj A, Verma R, Verma M, Quan A, Yan AT, Connelly KA, Teoh H, Mazer CD, Verma S. Effect of empagliflozin on cardiac remodelling in South Asian and non-South Asian individuals: insights from the EMPA-HEART CardioLink-6 randomised clinical trial. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:557. [PMID: 37964221 PMCID: PMC10648366 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03549-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This exploratory sub-analysis of the EMPA-HEART CardioLink-6 trial examined whether the previously reported benefit of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor empagliflozin on left ventricular (LV) mass (LVM) regression differs between individuals of South Asian and non-South Asian ethnicity. METHODS EMPA-HEART CardioLink-6 was a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial that randomised 97 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and coronary artery disease (CAD) to either empagliflozin 10 mg daily or placebo for 6 months. LV parameters and function were assessed using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. The 6-month changes in LVM and LV volumes, all indexed to baseline body surface area, for South Asian participants were compared to those for non-South Asian individuals. RESULTS Compared to the non-South Asian group, the South Asian sub-cohort comprised more males, was younger and had a lower median body mass index. The adjusted difference for LVMi change over 6 months was -4.3 g/m2 (95% confidence interval [CI], -7.5, -1.0; P = 0.042) for the South Asian group and -2.3 g/m2 (95% CI, -6.4, 1.9; P = 0.28) for the non-South Asian group (Pinteraction = 0.45). There was no between-group difference for the adjusted differences in baseline body surface area-indexed LV volumes and LV ejection fraction. CONCLUSIONS There was no meaningful difference in empagliflozin-associated LVM regression between South Asian and non-South Asian individuals living with T2DM and CAD in the EMPA-HEART CardioLink-6 trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02998970 (First posted on 21/12/ 2016).
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Affiliation(s)
- William Barbour
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Erika Wolff
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
- School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Pankaj Puar
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Makoto Hibino
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ehab Bakbak
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Aishwarya Krishnaraj
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Raj Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Meena Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Andrew T Yan
- Division of Cardiology, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Kim A Connelly
- Division of Cardiology, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - C David Mazer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1E2, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 1P5, Canada.
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Bakbak E, Verma S, Krishnaraj A, Quan A, Wang CH, Pan Y, Puar P, Mason T, Verma R, Terenzi DC, Rotstein OD, Yan AT, Connelly KA, Teoh H, Mazer CD, Hess DA. Empagliflozin improves circulating vascular regenerative cell content in people without diabetes with risk factors for adverse cardiac remodeling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H1210-H1222. [PMID: 37773589 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00141.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Sodium glucose-cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been reported to reduce cardiovascular events and heart failure in people with and without diabetes. These medications have been shown to counter regenerative cell exhaustion in the context of prevalent diabetes. This study sought to determine if empagliflozin attenuates regenerative cell exhaustion in people without diabetes. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected at the baseline and 6-mo visits from individuals randomized to receive empagliflozin (10 mg/day) or placebo who were participating in the EMPA-HEART 2 CardioLink-7 trial. Precursor cell phenotypes were characterized by flow cytometry for cell-surface markers combined with high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity to identify precursor cell subsets with progenitor (ALDHhi) versus mature effector (ALDHlow) cell attributes. Samples from individuals assigned to empagliflozin (n = 25) and placebo (n = 21) were analyzed. At baseline, overall frequencies of primitive progenitor cells (ALDHhiSSClow), monocyte (ALDHhiSSCmid), and granulocyte (ALDHhiSSChi) precursor cells in both groups were similar. At 6 mo, participants randomized to empagliflozin demonstrated increased ALDHhiSSClowCD133+CD34+ proangiogenic cells (P = 0.048), elevated ALDHhiSSCmidCD163+ regenerative monocyte precursors (P = 0.012), and decreased ALDHhiSSCmidCD86 + CD163- proinflammatory monocyte (P = 0.011) polarization compared with placebo. Empagliflozin promoted the recovery of multiple circulating provascular cell subsets in people without diabetes suggesting that the cardiovascular benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors may be attributed in part to the attenuation of vascular regenerative cell exhaustion that is independent of diabetes status.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using an aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity-based flow cytometry assay, we found that empagliflozin treatment for 6 mo was associated with parallel increases in circulating vascular regenerative ALDHhi-CD34/CD133-coexpressing progenitors and decreased proinflammatory ALDHhi-CD14/CD86-coexpressing monocyte precursors in individuals without diabetes but with cardiovascular risk factors. The rejuvenation of the vascular regenerative cell reservoir may represent a mechanism via which sodium glucose-cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors limit maladaptive repair and delay the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab Bakbak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aishwarya Krishnaraj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chao-Hung Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Failure Research Center, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi Pan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pankaj Puar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tamique Mason
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raj Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Ori D Rotstein
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of General Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew T Yan
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, St Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kim A Connelly
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, St Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C David Mazer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Hess
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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Hibino M, Pandey AK, Verma S, Puar P, Teoh H, Quan A, Verma R, Yau TM, Bisleri G, Yanagawa B, Mazer CD, Verma A, Ha ACT. Wearable Cardiac Rhythm Monitoring Device for Detection of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation. Ann Thorac Surg 2023; 116:854-858. [PMID: 37460051 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2023.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluated the use of a wearable, patch-based cardiac rhythm monitoring device in detecting postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) among cardiac surgical patients within 30 days after hospital discharge. DESCRIPTION From the SEARCH-AF (The Post-Surgical Enhanced Monitoring for Cardiac Arrhythmias and Atrial Fibrillation) CardioLink-1 trial, this study examined rates of POAF according to surgery type and the incremental value of continuous cardiac rhythm monitoring among patients who underwent valve surgery. The primary outcome was cumulative atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter lasting for ≥6 minutes detected by continuous monitoring or atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter documented by a 12-lead electrocardiogram within 30 days of randomization. EVALUATION The primary outcome occurred in 8.2%, 13.5%, and 21.2% of patients who underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), isolated valve surgery, and combined CABG and valve surgery. Relative to patients who underwent isolated CABG, those patients who had valve surgery were more likely to experience POAF. A higher diagnostic yield was obtained when the patch-based cardiac rhythm monitor was applied in patients who underwent valve surgery. CONCLUSIONS Use of a wearable, patch-based cardiac monitoring device was an effective detection strategy among patients undergoing valve surgery, given their higher risk of developing POAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hibino
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Arjun K Pandey
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pankaj Puar
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raj Verma
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Terrence M Yau
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gianluigi Bisleri
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bobby Yanagawa
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C David Mazer
- Department of Anesthesia, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Atul Verma
- Division of Cardiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrew C T Ha
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Mistry N, Verma S, Puar P, Verma R, Teoh H, Quan A, Yan AT, Wang CH, Connelly KA, Mazer CD. A Patient-Level Pooled Analysis of 2 Empagliflozin Trials of Left Ventricular Remodeling. J Card Fail 2023; 29:1218-1221. [PMID: 37286032 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2023.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Mistry
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Anesthesia, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pankaj Puar
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Raj Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew T Yan
- Division of Cardiology, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chao-Hung Wang
- Heart Failure Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kim A Connelly
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Cardiology, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - C David Mazer
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Anesthesia, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Puar P, Hibino M, Mazer CD, Yan AT, Pandey AK, Quan A, Teoh H, Hess DA, Verma R, Connelly KA, Verma S. Left ventricular mass predicts cardiac reverse remodelling in patients treated with empagliflozin. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:152. [PMID: 37380983 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01849-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cardiovascular (CV) benefits of sodium-glucose transport protein 2 inhibitors have been attributed, in part, to cardiac reverse remodelling. The EMPA-HEART CardioLink-6 study reported that sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibition for 6 months with empagliflozin was associated with a significant reduction in left ventricular mass indexed to body surface area (LVMi). In this sub-analysis, we evaluated whether baseline LVMi may influence how empagliflozin affects cardiac reverse remodelling. METHODS A total of 97 patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease were randomized to empagliflozin (10 mg/d) or matching placebo for 6 months. The study cohort was divided into those whose baseline LVMi was ≤ 60 g/m2 and those who had a baseline LVMi > 60 g/m2. Subgroup comparisons were conducted using a linear regression model adjusted for baseline values (ANCOVA) that included an interaction term between LVMi subgroup and treatment. RESULTS Baseline LVMi was 53.3 g/m2 (49.2-57.2) and 69.7 g/m2 (64.2-76.1) for those with baseline ≤ 60 g/m2 (n = 54) and LVMi > 60 g/m2 (n = 43) respectively. The adjusted difference of LVMi regression between those randomized to empagliflozin and placebo were - 0.46 g/m2 (95% CI: -3.44, 2.52, p = 0.76) in the baseline LVMi ≤ 60 g/m2 subgroup and - 7.26 g/m2 (95% CI: -11.40, -3.12, p = 0.0011) in the baseline LVMi > 60 g/m2 subgroup (p-for-interaction = 0.007). No significant associations were found between baseline LVMi and 6-month change in LV end systolic volume-indexed (p-for-interaction = 0.086), LV end diastolic volume-indexed (p-for-interaction = 0.34), or LV ejection fraction (p-for-interaction = 0.15). CONCLUSIONS Patients with higher LVMi at baseline experienced greater LVM regression with empagliflozin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Puar
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Makoto Hibino
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - C David Mazer
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew T Yan
- Division of Cardiology, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Arjun K Pandey
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David A Hess
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cells Biology, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Raj Verma
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kim A Connelly
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Puar P, Ahmed S, Hibino M, Pasricha A, Pandey A, Bari A, Verma R, Quan A, Yan AT, Connelly KA, Teoh H, Mazer CD, Verma S. The association between anthropometric indicators of obesity and cardiac reverse remodelling with empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. Diabetes Obes Metab 2023. [PMID: 37246798 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Puar
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shamon Ahmed
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Makoto Hibino
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Aryan Pasricha
- Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States
| | - Arjun Pandey
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amaan Bari
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raj Verma
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew T Yan
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, St Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kim A Connelly
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, St Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C David Mazer
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anaesthesia, St Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Moroney M, Verma R, Hibino M, Mazer CD, Connelly KA, Yan AT, Quan A, Teoh H, Verma S, Puar P. Impact of diabetes duration on left ventricular mass regression with empagliflozin. ESC Heart Fail 2023; 10:2134-2140. [PMID: 37038614 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an important determinant of diabetes severity. The EMPA-HEART CardioLink-6 trial reported significant left ventricular (LV) mass indexed to body surface area (LVMi) regression in patients treated with the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) empagliflozin for 6 months. This exploratory sub-analysis of the same trial investigated the association between T2DM duration and LVMi regression. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 97 individuals with T2DM and coronary artery disease (CAD) were randomly assigned to receive empagliflozin 10 mg daily or placebo. LVMi was measured at the baseline and 6 month visit using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. The study population was divided into those with a baseline T2DM duration <10 years (n = 40) or ≥10 years (n = 57). A linear model adjusting for baseline values in each of the subgroups (ANCOVA) was used to assess the treatment effect of 6 month change in LVMi, LV end systolic volume indexed to body surface area, LV end diastolic volume indexed to body surface area and LV ejection fraction. Patients in the T2DM duration <10 years group (38 males [95.0%], median age 63 [IQR: 55 years to 70 years]) had a median T2DM duration of 4 years (IQR: 2.0 years to 7.0 years). Those in the T2DM duration ≥10 years group (52 males [91.2%], median age 65 [IQR: 57 years to 71 years]) had a median duration of 15 years (IQR: 12 years to 20 years). There was no significant difference in baseline LVMi according to T2DM duration (median 62 g/m2 [IQR: 53.1 g/m2 to 70.0 g/m2 ] for T2DM duration <10 years; median 57.5 g/m2 [IQR: 52.1 g/m2 to 66.2 g/m2 ] for T2DM duration ≥10 years; P = 0.11). Empagliflozin was associated with reductions in LVMi irrespective of duration of T2DM above and below 10 years (T2DM duration <10 years group, mean adjusted difference -2.90 g/m2 [95% CI: -6.64 g/m2 to 0.84 g/m2 ]; T2DM duration ≥10 years group, mean adjusted difference -3.69 g/m2 [95% CI: -0.14 g/m2 to -7.24 g/m2 ]; Pinteraction = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS In the EMPA-HEART CardioLink-6 trial, empagliflozin treatment was associated with reductions in LVMi in people with T2DM and CAD irrespective of the duration of diabetes assessed categorically above and below 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Moroney
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Raj Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Makoto Hibino
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - C David Mazer
- Department of Anesthesia, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kim A Connelly
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew T Yan
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pankaj Puar
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Puar P, Mistry N, Connelly KA, Yan AT, Quan A, Teoh H, Pan Y, Verma R, Hess DA, Verma S, Mazer CD. IGFBP7 and left ventricular mass regression: a sub-analysis of the EMPA-HEART CardioLink-6 randomized clinical trial. ESC Heart Fail 2023; 10:2113-2119. [PMID: 37038626 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Given recent suggestions that serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) may identify patients who derive greater cardiorenal benefits from treatment with sodium-glucose transport 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), this exploratory sub-analysis of the EMPA-HEART CardioLink-6 randomized controlled trial evaluated the association between serum levels of IGFBP7 and empagliflozin-mediated left ventricular mass regression. METHODS AND RESULTS The EMPA-HEART CardioLink-6 trial used gold-standard cardiac magnetic resonance imaging to detect change in left ventricular mass indexed to body surface area (LVMi) following 6 months of treatment with empagliflozin or matching placebo in 97 patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. Serum samples were collected at baseline and analysed for IGFBP7 using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A multivariate linear regression model was used to assess the association between IGFBP7 and baseline LVMi. A linear model adjusting for baseline differences in LVMi was used to test the relationship between baseline IGFBP7 level, change in LVMi over 6 months, and treatment arm. Of the 97 patients enrolled, 74 had complete covariate data and were included in our analysis. No association between baseline IGFBP7 and baseline LVMi was found [baseline LVMi: 0.14 g/m2 (95% CI: -0.29 g/m2 to 0.57 g/m2 ) per 1 ng/mL higher baseline IGFBP7]. In addition, no difference between patients treated with empagliflozin versus matching placebo was found when evaluating the association between serum IGFBP7, 6 month change in LVMi, and treatment arm [empagliflozin 6 month change in LVMi: 0.25 g/m2 (95% CI: -0.17 g/m2 to 0.67 g/m2 ) per 1 ng/mL higher IGFBP7 vs. matching placebo 6 month change in LVMi: 0.07 g/m2 (95% CI: -0.21 g/m2 to 0.35 g/m2 ) per 1 ng/mL higher IGFBP7; Pinteraction = 0.49]. Additional sensitivity analysis assessing IGFBP7 as a categorical variable (above/below the median) showed no significant association between IGFBP7, 6 month change in LVMi, and treatment arm. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides insight into the generalizability of IGFBP7 as a surrogate marker of cardiac remodelling in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. Our results suggest that SGLT2i-mediated reverse cardiac remodelling may be independent of IGFBP7 levels. Further investigations evaluating the association between IGFBP7 and SGLT2i are suggested to understand if and how IGFBP7 levels may modulate benefits received from SLGT2i.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Puar
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nikhil Mistry
- Department of Anesthesia, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kim A Connelly
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew T Yan
- Division of Cardiology, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yi Pan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raj Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David A Hess
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C David Mazer
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Verma R, Moroney M, Hibino M, Mazer CD, Connelly KA, Yan AT, Quan A, Teoh H, Verma S, Puar P. Baseline neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and efficacy of SGLT2 inhibition with empagliflozin on cardiac remodelling. ESC Heart Fail 2023; 10:2127-2133. [PMID: 37038617 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a marker of systemic inflammation and plays a critical role in the assessment and prognosis in patients with heart failure. The EMPA-HEART CardioLink-6 trial demonstrated that patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and coronary artery disease (CAD) treated with a sodium-glucose transport protein 2 inhibitor for 6 months experienced regression in left ventricular mass. Given this, we evaluated the relationship of baseline NLR and cardiac reverse remodelling in the entire cohort of this trial. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 97 individuals were randomized to receive empagliflozin (10 mg/day) or placebo for 6 months. The primary outcome of the trial was change in left ventricular mass indexed to body surface area (LVMi) from baseline to 6 months as measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. In our analysis, the cohort was stratified above and below an NLR level of 2. To assess the treatment effect on the 6 month change in NLR, we used a linear model adjusting for baseline differences in NLR [analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)] that included an interaction term between the baseline NLR and treatment. To assess the treatment effect on the 6 month change in LVMi in each of the subgroups divided by baseline NLR, we used an ANCOVA adjusting for baseline differences in LVMi that included an interaction term between the subgroups and treatment. The results of the regression models were summarized as adjusted differences with two-sided 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Patients who exhibited an elevated baseline NLR demonstrated higher LVMi and left ventricular end-diastolic volume indexed to body surface area than those with a lower NLR. In patients with an NLR < 2 and NLR ≥ 2, the adjusted difference in LVMi between the empagliflozin- and placebo-treated patients was -2.98 g/m2 (95% CI: -6.18 to 0.22 g/m2 ) (P value = 0.067) and -4.43 g/m2 (95% CI: -8.50 to -1.11 g/m2 ), respectively (Pinteraction = 0.60). CONCLUSIONS Empagliflozin treatment is associated with consistent reductions in LVMi in patients with T2D and CAD independent of baseline NLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael Moroney
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Makoto Hibino
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cyril David Mazer
- Department of Anesthesia, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kim A Connelly
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew T Yan
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pankaj Puar
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Puar P, Hibino M, Ahmed S, Pasricha A, Pandey A, Bari A, Verma R, Quan A, Teoh H, Connelly KA, Yan AT, Mazer CD, Verma S. THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASURES OF OBESITY AND LEFT VENTRICULAR REVERSE REMODELLING WITH EMPAGLIFLOZIN IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES AND CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE: A SUB ANALYSIS OF THE EMPA-HEART CARDIOLINK-6 TRIAL. J Am Coll Cardiol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(23)00877-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Bakbak E, Puar P, Krishnaraj A, Terenzi D, Mason T, Quan A, Teoh H, Yan AT, Connelly KA, Mazer CD, Hess D, Verma S. EMPAGLIFLOZIN REDUCED CIRCULATING PRO-INFLAMMATORY PRECURSOR CELL CONTENT IN PEOPLE WITHOUT DIABETES: A SUBSTUDY OF THE EMPA-HEART 2 CARDIOLINK 6 TRIAL. J Am Coll Cardiol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(23)02484-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Krishnaraj A, Bakbak E, Firoz I, Pan Y, Quan A, Teoh H, Hess D, Verma S. REGENERATIVE CELL EXHAUSTION AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN SOUTH ASIANS: A PILOT STUDY. J Am Coll Cardiol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(23)01649-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Verma R, Moroney M, Hibino M, Mazer CD, Connelly K, Yan AT, Quan A, Teoh H, Verma S, Puar P. BASELINE NEUTROPHIL TO LYMPHOCYTE RATIO AND EFFICACY OF SGLT2 INHIBITION WITH EMPAGLIFLOZIN ON CARDIAC REMODELING. J Am Coll Cardiol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(23)00736-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Krishnaraj A, Bakbak E, Teoh H, Bhatt DL, Quan A, Puar P, Lambotharan B, Kirubaharan A, Firoz IN, Meglis G, Yanagawa B, Bari B, Kirubaharan R, Vijayaraghavan R, Hess DA, Demchuk AM, Mancini GBJ, Tanguay JF, Tardif JC, Voisine P, Leiter LA, Verma S. Generalizability of the REDUCE-IT trial to South Asians with cardiovascular disease. Med (N Y) 2023; 4:130-138.e1. [PMID: 36630964 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND South Asians (SAs) represent ∼25% of the world's population and account for >50% of global cardiovascular (CV) deaths, yet they continue to be underrepresented in contemporary clinical trials. The REDUCE-IT study demonstrated in a high-risk and predominantly White population that icosapent ethyl (IPE) lowered major adverse cardiovascular events by 25%. We sought to determine the generalizability of these results to a high-risk population of SAs with established CV disease living in Canada. METHODS This was a cross-sectional observational study of 200 statin-treated SAs (≥45 years) with atherosclerotic CV disease (ASCVD) (NCT05271591). SA ethnicity was self-identified as being of Anglo-Indian, Bangladeshi, Bengali, Bhutanese, Goan, Gujarati, Indian, Jatt, Kashmiri, Maharashtrian, Malayali, Nepali, Pakistani, Punjabi, Sindhi, Sinhalese, Sri Lankan, Tamil, Telugu, or other SA. ASCVD was defined as the presence of coronary, carotid, or peripheral atherosclerosis. FINDINGS Mean age of the cohort was 67 years, where 82% were men and 57% had diabetes. The predominant ASCVD phenotype was coronary artery disease (94%). Mean (SD) baseline LDL-C and triglycerides were 1.70 (0.8) mmol/L and 1.42 (1.0) mmol/L, respectively. Three-quarters were on high-intensity statin therapy. According to the Health Canada/Canadian Cardiovascular Society Guidelines and FDA-approved indication, 33% and 25% of the participants were, respectively, eligible for IPE. CONCLUSIONS A large proportion of high-intensity, statin-treated, high-risk patients with ASCVD and of self-reported SA ethnicity are eligible for IPE. These data have important translational implications for SAs who are at a disproportionately higher risk of CV morbidity and mortality. FUNDING This study was funded by an unrestricted grant provided by HLS Therapeutics Inc, Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Krishnaraj
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ehab Bakbak
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Pankaj Puar
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Bhaavani Lambotharan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Aathmika Kirubaharan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Irene N Firoz
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gus Meglis
- North York Diagnostic and Cardiac Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bobby Yanagawa
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Basel Bari
- Markham Health+Plex Medical Centre, Markham, ON, Canada
| | | | - Ram Vijayaraghavan
- Scarborough Heart Health Institute, Scarborough Health Network, Scarborough, ON, Canada
| | - David A Hess
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew M Demchuk
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - G B John Mancini
- Division of Cardiology and the Centres for Cardiovascular Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - Pierre Voisine
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Lawrence A Leiter
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; North York Diagnostic and Cardiac Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Rumman RK, Verma S, Chan V, Mazer D, Quan A, Hibino M, De Varennes B, Chu MWA, Latter D, Teoh H, Yanagawa B, Leong-Poi H, Connelly KA. Predictors of mitral valve haemodynamics after mitral valve repair for degenerative mitral regurgitation. Heart 2023; 109:866-873. [PMID: 36750353 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2022-321753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intraoperative predictors of functional mitral valve (MV) stenosis after surgical repair of mitral regurgitation (MR) caused by prolapse remain poorly characterised. This study evaluated the effect of annuloplasty size on postoperative MV haemodynamics during exercise and evaluated predictors of MV hemodynamics. METHODS 104 patients were randomly assigned to leaflet resection or preservation for surgical repair of MR in the Canadian Mitral Research Alliance CardioLink-2 study. In this post hoc analysis, we compared MV haemodynamics between the two surgical groups and examined the relationship between annuloplasty size and MV haemodynamics 1 year after repair in the combined groups. Echocardiograms were performed at baseline and intraoperatively. Exercise transthoracic echocardiography was performed 1 year postoperatively. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to identify predictors of exercise MV gradients at follow-up. RESULTS Mean age of participants was 65±10 years, and 83% were male. Median annuloplasty size was 34 (IQR 32-36). Dividing by the median, 48 (46%) had annuloplasty size of <34 mm and 56 (54%) had ≥34 mm. Mean and peak exercise gradients at 1 year were 11±5 mm Hg and 22±9 mm Hg in <34, and 6±3 mm Hg and 14±5 mm Hg in ≥34 (p<0.001). Rate of residual MR was similar in both groups. In multivariable analyses, annuloplasty size of ≥34 mm was associated with lower mean and peak exercise gradients at 12 months, after adjustment for repair type, age, sex, heart rate and body surface area (β -4.1, 95% CI -6 to -3, p<0.001, and β -7 95% CI -10 to -4, p<0.001, respectively). Intraoperative mean and peak MV gradients by transesophageal echocardiography independently predicted mean and peak resting and exercise gradients at follow-up (p<0.001). Similar results were obtained in both leaflet resection and preservation. CONCLUSION Annuloplasty size of ≥34 mm is associated with a 4 and 7 mm Hg reduction in mean and peak exercise MV gradients, respectively, 1 year post MV repair regardless of the repair strategy used. Intraoperative TEE MV gradients predict exercise MV gradients 1 year post repair. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02552771.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan K Rumman
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cardiology, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vincent Chan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Mazer
- Department of Anesthesia, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Makoto Hibino
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Benoit De Varennes
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Michael W A Chu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Latter
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bobby Yanagawa
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Howard Leong-Poi
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cardiology, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kim A Connelly
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,Division of Cardiology, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Hibino M, Pandey AK, Chan V, Mazer CD, Rumman R, Dhingra NK, Bonneau C, Verma R, Yokoyama Y, Quan A, Teoh H, Cheema A, de Varennes BE, Yanagawa B, Leong-Poi H, Connelly KA, Bisleri G, Verma S. Risk Factors for Postrepair Elevated Mitral Gradient: A Post-hoc Analysis of a Randomized Trial. Ann Thorac Surg 2023; 115:437-443. [PMID: 35779599 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2022.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Predischarge elevated mean mitral gradients (>5 mm Hg) may occur after repair for degenerative mitral regurgitation. We sought to identify risk factors associated with elevated gradients and to evaluate its impact on functional outcomes at 12 months in this subanalysis of the Canadian Mitral Research Alliance CardioLink-2 trial. METHODS One hundred four patients with degenerative mitral regurgitation undergoing mitral repair were randomized to either a leaflet resection or preservation strategy. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors associated with an elevated gradient. Functional outcomes at 12 months were compared between participants with and without elevated gradients. RESULTS Elevated gradients was identified in 15 participants (14.4%), which was not significantly different based on allocation to each repair strategy (P = .10). Patients with elevated gradients were more likely to be women (odds ratio [OR], 4.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29-14.19; P = .02) and to have a lower preoperative hemoglobin level (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.89-0.98; P = .01) and smaller intercommissural diameter (OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.76-0.97; P = .02) and mitral annuloplasty size (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.57-0.87; P = .001). The ratio of intercommissural diameter-to-annuloplasty size was similar between those with and without elevated gradients (both 0.8 ± 0.1, P = .69). At 12 months those with elevated gradients had a worse New York Heart Association functional status (P = .0001), lower peak oxygen saturation in exercise test (P = .01), smaller body weight-walk distance product (P = .02), and higher Borg scale (P = .01) in the 6-minute walk test. CONCLUSIONS Female gender, smaller mitral anatomy sizes, and lower preoperative hemoglobin levels were associated with postoperative elevated mitral gradients, which was in turn were associated with reduced functional status. Further research is warranted to investigate these potential risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hibino
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arjun K Pandey
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vincent Chan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - C David Mazer
- Department of Anesthesia, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rawan Rumman
- Division of Cardiology, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nitish K Dhingra
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Raj Verma
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yujiro Yokoyama
- Department of Surgery, St Luke's University Health Network, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Asim Cheema
- Division of Cardiology, Southlake Regional Health Centre, Newmarket, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benoit E de Varennes
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bobby Yanagawa
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Howard Leong-Poi
- Division of Cardiology, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kim A Connelly
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Cardiology, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gianluigi Bisleri
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Connelly KA, Mazer CD, Puar P, Teoh H, Wang CH, Mason T, Akhavein F, Chang CW, Liu MH, Yang NI, Chen WS, Juan YH, Opingari E, Salyani Y, Barbour W, Pasricha A, Ahmed S, Kosmopoulos A, Verma R, Moroney M, Bakbak E, Krishnaraj A, Bhatt DL, Butler J, Kosiborod MN, Lam CSP, Hess DA, Rizzi Coelho-Filho O, Lafreniere-Roula M, Thorpe KE, Quan A, Leiter LA, Yan AT, Verma S. Empagliflozin and Left Ventricular Remodeling in People Without Diabetes: Primary Results of the EMPA-HEART 2 CardioLink-7 Randomized Clinical Trial. Circulation 2023; 147:284-295. [PMID: 36335517 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.062769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors have been demonstrated to promote reverse cardiac remodeling in people with diabetes or heart failure. Although it has been theorized that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors might afford similar benefits in people without diabetes or prevalent heart failure, this has not been evaluated. We sought to determine whether sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition with empagliflozin leads to a decrease in left ventricular (LV) mass in people without type 2 diabetes or significant heart failure. METHODS Between April 2021 and January 2022, 169 individuals, 40 to 80 years of age, without diabetes but with risk factors for adverse cardiac remodeling were randomly assigned to empagliflozin (10 mg/d; n=85) or placebo (n=84) for 6 months. The primary outcome was the 6-month change in LV mass indexed (LVMi) to baseline body surface area as measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Other measures included 6-month changes in LV end-diastolic and LV end-systolic volumes indexed to baseline body surface area and LV ejection fraction. RESULTS Among the 169 participants (141 men [83%]; mean age, 59.3±10.5 years), baseline LVMi was 63.2±17.9 g/m2 and 63.8±14.0 g/m2 for the empagliflozin- and placebo-assigned groups, respectively. The difference (95% CI) in LVMi at 6 months in the empagliflozin group versus placebo group adjusted for baseline LVMi was -0.30 g/m2 (-2.1 to 1.5 g/m2; P=0.74). Median baseline (interquartile range) NT-proBNP (N-terminal-pro B-type natriuretic peptide) was 51 pg/mL (20-105 pg/mL) and 55 pg/mL (21-132 pg/mL) for the empagliflozin- and placebo-assigned groups, respectively. The 6-month treatment effect of empagliflozin versus placebo (95% CI) on blood pressure and NT-proBNP (adjusted for baseline values) were -1.3 mm Hg (-5.2 to 2.6 mm Hg; P=0.52), 0.69 mm Hg (-1.9 to 3.3 mm Hg; P=0.60), and -6.1 pg/mL (-37.0 to 24.8 pg/mL; P=0.70) for systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and NT-proBNP, respectively. No clinically meaningful between-group differences in LV volumes (diastolic and systolic indexed to baseline body surface area) or ejection fraction were observed. No difference in adverse events was noted between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Among people with neither diabetes nor significant heart failure but with risk factors for adverse cardiac remodeling, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition with empagliflozin did not result in a meaningful reduction in LVMi after 6 months. REGISTRATION URL: https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov; Unique identifier: NCT04461041.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim A Connelly
- Division of Cardiology (K.A.C., F.A., A.T.Y.), St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine (K.A.C., L.A.L., A.T.Y.), University of Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology (K.A.C., C.D.M.), University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - C David Mazer
- Department of Anesthesia (C.D.M.), St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology (K.A.C., C.D.M.), University of Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (C.D.M.), University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pankaj Puar
- Division of Cardiac Surgery (P.P., H.T., T.M., E.O., Y.S., W.B., A.P., S.A., A. Kosmopoulos, R.V., M.M., E.B., A. Krishnaraj, A.Q., S.V.), St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (P.P., S.A.)
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery (P.P., H.T., T.M., E.O., Y.S., W.B., A.P., S.A., A. Kosmopoulos, R.V., M.M., E.B., A. Krishnaraj, A.Q., S.V.), St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.T., L.A.L.), St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chao-Hung Wang
- Heart Failure Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (C.-H.W., C.-W.C., M.-H.L., N.-I.Y., W.-S.C.), Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan.,School of Medicine (C.-H.W., C.-W.C., N.-I.Y., Y.-H.J.), Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tamique Mason
- Division of Cardiac Surgery (P.P., H.T., T.M., E.O., Y.S., W.B., A.P., S.A., A. Kosmopoulos, R.V., M.M., E.B., A. Krishnaraj, A.Q., S.V.), St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Farhad Akhavein
- Division of Cardiology (K.A.C., F.A., A.T.Y.), St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ching-Wen Chang
- Heart Failure Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (C.-H.W., C.-W.C., M.-H.L., N.-I.Y., W.-S.C.), Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology (C.-W.C.), Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan.,School of Medicine (C.-H.W., C.-W.C., N.-I.Y., Y.-H.J.), Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hui Liu
- Heart Failure Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (C.-H.W., C.-W.C., M.-H.L., N.-I.Y., W.-S.C.), Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Ching Kuo Institute of Management and Health, Keelung, Taiwan (M.-H.L.)
| | - Ning-I Yang
- Heart Failure Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (C.-H.W., C.-W.C., M.-H.L., N.-I.Y., W.-S.C.), Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan.,School of Medicine (C.-H.W., C.-W.C., N.-I.Y., Y.-H.J.), Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Siang Chen
- Heart Failure Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (C.-H.W., C.-W.C., M.-H.L., N.-I.Y., W.-S.C.), Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan.,Intensive Care Unit, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (W.-S.C.), Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Juan
- School of Medicine (C.-H.W., C.-W.C., N.-I.Y., Y.-H.J.), Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Institute for Radiological Research (Y.-H.J.), Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan (Y.-H.J.)
| | - Erika Opingari
- Division of Cardiac Surgery (P.P., H.T., T.M., E.O., Y.S., W.B., A.P., S.A., A. Kosmopoulos, R.V., M.M., E.B., A. Krishnaraj, A.Q., S.V.), St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada.,Temerty Faculty of Medicine (E.O., A. Kosmopoulos), University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yaseen Salyani
- Division of Cardiac Surgery (P.P., H.T., T.M., E.O., Y.S., W.B., A.P., S.A., A. Kosmopoulos, R.V., M.M., E.B., A. Krishnaraj, A.Q., S.V.), St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada.,School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin (Y.S., R.V., M.M.)
| | - William Barbour
- Division of Cardiac Surgery (P.P., H.T., T.M., E.O., Y.S., W.B., A.P., S.A., A. Kosmopoulos, R.V., M.M., E.B., A. Krishnaraj, A.Q., S.V.), St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada (W.B., D.A.H.)
| | - Aryan Pasricha
- Division of Cardiac Surgery (P.P., H.T., T.M., E.O., Y.S., W.B., A.P., S.A., A. Kosmopoulos, R.V., M.M., E.B., A. Krishnaraj, A.Q., S.V.), St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Health & Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC (A.P.)
| | - Shamon Ahmed
- Division of Cardiac Surgery (P.P., H.T., T.M., E.O., Y.S., W.B., A.P., S.A., A. Kosmopoulos, R.V., M.M., E.B., A. Krishnaraj, A.Q., S.V.), St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (P.P., S.A.)
| | - Andrew Kosmopoulos
- Division of Cardiac Surgery (P.P., H.T., T.M., E.O., Y.S., W.B., A.P., S.A., A. Kosmopoulos, R.V., M.M., E.B., A. Krishnaraj, A.Q., S.V.), St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada.,Temerty Faculty of Medicine (E.O., A. Kosmopoulos), University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Raj Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery (P.P., H.T., T.M., E.O., Y.S., W.B., A.P., S.A., A. Kosmopoulos, R.V., M.M., E.B., A. Krishnaraj, A.Q., S.V.), St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada.,School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin (Y.S., R.V., M.M.)
| | - Michael Moroney
- Division of Cardiac Surgery (P.P., H.T., T.M., E.O., Y.S., W.B., A.P., S.A., A. Kosmopoulos, R.V., M.M., E.B., A. Krishnaraj, A.Q., S.V.), St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada.,School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin (Y.S., R.V., M.M.)
| | - Ehab Bakbak
- Division of Cardiac Surgery (P.P., H.T., T.M., E.O., Y.S., W.B., A.P., S.A., A. Kosmopoulos, R.V., M.M., E.B., A. Krishnaraj, A.Q., S.V.), St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (E.B., A. Krishnaraj, D.A.H., S.V.), University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aishwarya Krishnaraj
- Division of Cardiac Surgery (P.P., H.T., T.M., E.O., Y.S., W.B., A.P., S.A., A. Kosmopoulos, R.V., M.M., E.B., A. Krishnaraj, A.Q., S.V.), St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (E.B., A. Krishnaraj, D.A.H., S.V.), University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart & Vascular Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.L.B.)
| | - Javed Butler
- Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, TX (J.B.).,Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J.B.)
| | - Mikhail N Kosiborod
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City (M.N.K.)
| | - Carolyn S P Lam
- National Heart Centre Singapore (C.S.P.L.).,Division of Cardiology, Duke-National University of Singapore (C.S.P.L.).,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil (C.S.P.L.)
| | - David A Hess
- Division of Vascular Surgery (D.A.H.), St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (E.B., A. Krishnaraj, D.A.H., S.V.), University of Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada (W.B., D.A.H.).,Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada (D.A.H.)
| | | | - Myriam Lafreniere-Roula
- Applied Health Research Centre (M.L.-R., K.E.T.), St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin E Thorpe
- Applied Health Research Centre (M.L.-R., K.E.T.), St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dana Lana School of Public Health (K.E.T.), University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery (P.P., H.T., T.M., E.O., Y.S., W.B., A.P., S.A., A. Kosmopoulos, R.V., M.M., E.B., A. Krishnaraj, A.Q., S.V.), St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lawrence A Leiter
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.T., L.A.L.), St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine (K.A.C., L.A.L., A.T.Y.), University of Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences (L.A.L.), University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew T Yan
- Division of Cardiology (K.A.C., F.A., A.T.Y.), St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine (K.A.C., L.A.L., A.T.Y.), University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery (P.P., H.T., T.M., E.O., Y.S., W.B., A.P., S.A., A. Kosmopoulos, R.V., M.M., E.B., A. Krishnaraj, A.Q., S.V.), St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (E.B., A. Krishnaraj, D.A.H., S.V.), University of Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery (S.V.), University of Toronto, ON, Canada
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21
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Chen CH, Peterson MD, Mazer CD, Hibino M, Beaudin AE, Chu MWA, Dagenais F, Teoh H, Quan A, Dickson J, Verma S, Smith EE. Acute Infarcts on Brain MRI Following Aortic Arch Repair With Circulatory Arrest: Insights From the ACE CardioLink-3 Randomized Trial. Stroke 2023; 54:67-77. [PMID: 36315249 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.122.041612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND to investigate the frequency and distribution of new ischemic brain lesions detected by diffusion-weighted imaging on brain magnetic resonance imaging after aortic arch surgery. METHODS This preplanned secondary analysis of the randomized, controlled ACE (Aortic Surgery Cerebral Protection Evaluation) CardioLink-3 trial compared the safety and efficacy of innominate versus axillary artery cannulation during elective proximal aortic arch surgery. Participants underwent pre and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging. New ischemic lesions were defined as lesions visible on postoperative, but not preoperative diffusion weighted imaging. RESULTS Of the 111 trial participants, 102 had complete magnetic resonance imaging data. A total of 391 new ischemic lesions were observed on diffusion-weighted imaging in 71 (70%) patients. The average number of lesions in patients with ischemic lesion were 5.5±4.9 with comparable numbers in the right (2.9±2.0) and left (3.0±2.3) hemispheres (P=0.49). Half the new lesions were in the middle cerebral artery territory; 63% of the cohort had ischemic lesions in the anterior circulation, 49% in the posterior circulation, 42% in both, and 20% in watershed areas. A probability mask of all diffusion-weighted imaging lesions revealed that the cerebellum was commonly involved. More severe white matter hyperintensity on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (odds ratio, 1.80 [95% CI, 1.10-2.95]; P=0.02) and lower nadir nasopharyngeal temperature during surgery (odds ratio per 1°C decrease, 1.15 [95% CI, 1.00-1.32]; P=0.05) were associated with the presentation of new ischemic lesion; older age (risk ratio per 1-year increase, 1.02 [95% CI, 1.00-1.04]; P=0.03) and lower nadir temperature (risk ratio per 1°C decrease, 1.06 [95% CI, 1.00-1.14]; P=0.06) were associated with greater number of lesions. CONCLUSIONS In patients who underwent elective proximal aortic arch surgery, new ischemic brain lesions were common, and predominantly involved the middle cerebral artery territory or cerebellum. Underlying small vessel disease, lower temperature nadir during surgery, and advanced age were risk factors for perioperative ischemic lesions. REGISTRATION URL: https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov; Unique identifier: NCT02554032.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Chen
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, AB, Canada (C.-H.C., A.E.B., E.E.S.).,Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C.)
| | - Mark D Peterson
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (M.D.P., H.T., A.Q., S.V.).,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, ON, Canada (M.D.P., S.V.)
| | - C David Mazer
- Department of Anesthesia, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (C.D.M., J.D.).,Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada (C.D.M., J.D.).,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada (C.D.M.)
| | - Makoto Hibino
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (M.H.)
| | - Andrew E Beaudin
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, AB, Canada (C.-H.C., A.E.B., E.E.S.).,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, AB, Canada (A.E.B., E.E.S.)
| | - Michael W A Chu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre and the Western University, ON, Canada (M.W.A.C.)
| | - François Dagenais
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada (F.D.)
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (M.D.P., H.T., A.Q., S.V.).,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (H.T.)
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (M.D.P., H.T., A.Q., S.V.)
| | - Jeffrey Dickson
- Department of Anesthesia, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (C.D.M., J.D.).,Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada (C.D.M., J.D.)
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (M.D.P., H.T., A.Q., S.V.).,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, ON, Canada (M.D.P., S.V.).,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada (S.V.)
| | - Eric E Smith
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, AB, Canada (C.-H.C., A.E.B., E.E.S.).,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, AB, Canada (A.E.B., E.E.S.)
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22
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Hibino M, Verma S, Pandey AK, Bisleri G, Yanagawa B, Verma R, Puar P, Quan A, Teoh H, Yau TM, Verma A, Ha AC, Mazer CD. The impact of statins on post-discharge atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: Secondary analysis from a randomized trial. CJC Open 2022; 5:285-291. [PMID: 37124963 PMCID: PMC10140742 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjco.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Whether statins reliably reduce the risk of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery remains controversial. We sought to determine the impact of statin use on new-onset postdischarge POAF in the Post-Surgical Enhanced Monitoring for Cardiac Arrhythmias and Atrial Fibrillation (SEARCH-AF) CardioLink-1 randomized controlled trial. Methods We randomized 336 patients with risk factors for stroke (CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥ 2) and no history of preoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) to 30-day continuous cardiac rhythm monitoring after discharge from cardiac surgery with a wearable, patched-based device or to usual care. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of cumulative AF and/or atrial flutter lasting for ≥ 6 minutes detected by continuous monitoring, or AF and/or atrial flutter documented by a 12-lead electrocardiogram within 30 days of randomization. Results The 260 patients (77.4%) discharged on statins were more likely to be male (P = 0.018) and to have lower CHA2DS2-VASc scores (P = 0.011). Patients treated with statins at discharge had a 2-fold lower rate of POAF than those who were not treated with statins in the entire cohort (18.4% vs 8.1%, log-rank P = 0.0076). On multivariable Cox regression including the CHA2DS2-VASc score adjustment, statin use was associated with a lower risk of POAF (hazard ratio 0.43, 95% confidence interval: 0.25-0.98, P = 0.043). Use of statins at a higher intensity was associated with lower risk of POAF, suggestive of a dose-response effect (log-rank P trend = 0.0082). Conclusions The use of statins was associated with a reduction in postdischarge POAF risk among patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The routine use of high-intensity statin to prevent subacute POAF after discharge deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hibino
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dr Subodh Verma, Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 1W8.
| | - Arjun K. Pandey
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gianluigi Bisleri
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bobby Yanagawa
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raj Verma
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pankaj Puar
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael’s Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Terrence M. Yau
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Atul Verma
- Division of Cardiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrew C.T. Ha
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C. David Mazer
- Department of Anesthesia, St. Michael’s Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Corresponding authors: Dr David Mazer, Department of Anesthesia, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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23
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Puar P, Mistry N, Connelly KA, Yan AT, Quan A, Teoh H, Pan Y, Verma R, Hess DA, Verma S, Mazer CD. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 as a predictor marker of cardiac remodelling and SGLT2-inhibitor meditated cardiac reverse remodelling in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.08.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Rumman R, Verma S, Chan V, Mazer D, Quan A, De Varennes BE, Chu MWA, Latter D, Teoh H, Yanagawa B, Leong-Poi H, Connelly K. Predictors of mitral valve hemodynamics after mitral valve repair for degenerative mitral regurgitation: a subanalysis of the CAMRA randomized trial. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Intra-operative predictors of mid-to-late mitral valve dysfunction after surgical repair of mitral regurgitation (MR) caused by prolapse remain poorly characterized. This study aims to evaluate the effect of annuloplasty prosthesis size on post-operative MV hemodynamics at rest and during exercise, and to identify perioperative predictors of MV dysfunction.
Methods
104 patients were randomly assigned to resection and preservation for surgical treatment of posterior leaflet prolapse in the Canadian Mitral Research Alliance CardioLink-2 study. Echocardiograms were performed at baseline and 1 year postoperatively. Intraoperative TEE was performed to assess immediate MV gradients. Exercise TTE was performed 1 year after repair. Linear regression analysis was used to identify associations between MV indices (rest and peak exercise gradients) at 12 months, and perioperative echocardiographic and clinical factors.
Results
Mean age of participants was 65±10 years, and 83% were male. Larger annuloplasty size was associated with lower transmitral gradients at rest and during peak exercise. In multivariable analysis, annuloplasty size ≥34mm was associated with lower mean and peak rest and exercise gradients at 12 months, after adjustment for repair type, age, sex, and BSA (p<0.001). Higher pre-operative pulmonary artery pressures were associated with reduced functional capacity post-operatively. Intra-operative TEE gradients predict resting and exercise MV hemodynamics at 1 year.
Conclusion
Annuloplasty size ≥34mm is associated with improved MV hemodynamics at rest and during peak exercise 1 year post MV repair. MV repair prior to onset of pulmonary hypertension confers favourable post operative functional capacity. Finally, intra-operative TEE can be used to identify patients at risk of mitral valve dysfunction within 1 year of repair.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): The Heart and StrokeFoundation of Ontario (GIA 16-00014666)
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rumman
- St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine , Toronto , Canada
| | - S Verma
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac Surgery , Toronto , Canada
| | - V Chan
- Ottawa Heart Institute, Cardiac Surgery , Ottawa , Canada
| | - D Mazer
- St. Michael's Hospital, Anesthesia , Toronto , Canada
| | - A Quan
- St. Michael's Hospital , Toronto , Canada
| | - B E De Varennes
- McGill University Health Centre, Cardiac Surgery , Montreal , Canada
| | - M W A Chu
- London Health Sciences Centre, Cardiac Surgery , London , Canada
| | - D Latter
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac Surgery , Toronto , Canada
| | - H Teoh
- St. Michael's Hospital , Toronto , Canada
| | - B Yanagawa
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac Surgery , Toronto , Canada
| | - H Leong-Poi
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiology , Toronto , Canada
| | - K Connelly
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiology , Toronto , Canada
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25
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Pandey A, Hibino M, Ha A, Quan A, Verma A, Bisleri A, Mazer CD, Verma S. Impact of diabetes and glucose-lowering therapy on post-operative atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: secondary analysis of the SEARCH-AF CardioLink-1 randomized clinical trial. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Diabetes mellitus is an important risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF) and is associated with an increased risk of complications for patients with AF. The impact of diabetes on post-operative AF after cardiac surgery is not well-defined.
Purpose
We sought to characterize the effect of diabetes, insulin, and oral hypoglycemic agents on the incidence of post-operative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after cardiac surgery. Accordingly, we conducted a secondary analysis of the Post-Surgical Enhanced Monitoring for Cardiac Arrhythmias and Atrial Fibrillation (SEARCH-AF) CardioLink-1 randomized trial.
Methods
In the SEARCH-AF trial, 336 patients with risk factors for stroke (CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2) and no history of preoperative AF were randomized to usual care or continuous cardiac rhythm monitoring for 30 days after discharge from cardiac surgery with a wearable, patched-based device. The primary outcome was occurrence of cumulative atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF/AFL) lasting for ≥6 minutes detected by continuous monitoring or AF/AFL documented by a 12-lead electrocardiogram within 30 days of randomization. We assessed the association between diabetes and occurrence of post-operative AF. In addition, we examined the association between POAF and glucose-lowering therapy among patients with diabetes.
Results
Among the 176 (52%) patients with diabetes in the study cohort, 80 (45%) patients were treated with at least 1 oral hypoglycemic agent and 44 (25%) patients were treated with insulin. The incidence of POAF occurring within 30 days after discharge from surgery was similar between patients with or without diabetes (cumulative incidence: 10.8% vs. 10.0%, log-rank p=0.77). Among patients with diabetes, the incidence of POAF was highest in those who were not treated with glucose-lowering therapy (17.3%) when compared with those treated with oral hypoglycemic agents (10.0%) or insulin (4.5%) (log-rank ptrend=0.045 among the 3 groups). In an exploratory analysis, we observed a trend suggesting a lower incidence of POAF among cardiac surgical patients who were treated with SGLT-2 inhibitors (log-rank ptrend=0.084).
Conclusion
The incidence of POAF occurring after discharge from cardiac surgery is equally high among patients with or without diabetes. Our results suggest a potential association between specific glucose-lowering therapies and risk of POAF after cardiac surgery, meriting further investigations.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pandey
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac surgery , Toronto , Canada
| | - M Hibino
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac surgery , Toronto , Canada
| | - A Ha
- UHN - University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - A Quan
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac surgery , Toronto , Canada
| | - A Verma
- Southlake Regional Health Centre , Newmarket , Canada
| | - A Bisleri
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac surgery , Toronto , Canada
| | - C D Mazer
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac surgery , Toronto , Canada
| | - S Verma
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac surgery , Toronto , Canada
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Hibino M, Verma S, Pandey A, Quan A, Verma A, Bisleri G, Mazer CD, Ha A. Valvular surgery is associated with an increased risk of post-operative atrial fibrillation: secondary analysis of the SEARCH-AF CardioLink-1 randomized trial. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Patients undergoing valve surgery have a higher risk of developing post-operative atrial fibrillation (POAF) relative to those undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Whether this risk extends beyond hospital discharge is unknown.
Purpose
We examined the association between surgery type (isolated CABG vs. valve repair/replacement) on the incidence of post-operative atrial fibrillation (POAF) by conducting a secondary analysis of the Post-Surgical Enhanced Monitoring for Cardiac Arrhythmias and Atrial Fibrillation (SEARCH-AF) CardioLink-1 randomized trial.
Methods
In the SEARCH-AF trial, 336 patients with risk factors for stroke (CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2) and no history of preoperative AF were randomized to usual care or continuous cardiac rhythm monitoring for 30 days after discharge from cardiac surgery with a wearable, patched-based device. The primary outcome was occurrence of cumulative atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF/AFL) lasting for ≥6 minutes detected by continuous monitoring or AF/AFL documented by a 12-lead ECG within 30 days of randomization. We compared the risk of POAF between patients who underwent CABG vs. valve repair/replacement. Patients who experienced post-operative AF during hospitalization were excluded from this analysis.
Results
The overall cohort consisted of 255, 39, and 42 patients who underwent isolated CABG, isolated valve replacement/repair, and CABG + valve repair/replacement, respectively. Baseline characteristics were similar among the groups except for younger age (p=0.0014), higher prevalence of preoperative myocardial infarction (p=0.002) and lower ejection fraction (p=0.025) in the isolated CABG group. Eighteen patients experienced post-operative AF during hospitalization. Patients who underwent CABG + valve surgery or isolated valve surgery were more likely to experience post-operative AF compared with those who underwent isolated CABG (Log-Rank ptrend=0.0096). Among patients who were randomized to continuous cardiac rhythm monitoring, the probability of post-operative AF among patients who underwent isolated CABG, valve surgery, and CABG + valve surgery was 15.8%, 29.4%, and 35.0%, respectively (Log-Rank ptrend=0.017). After multivariable adjustment, the risk of developing post-operative AF within 30 days after discharge remained higher among patients who underwent valve surgery compared with those who underwent isolated CABG (hazard ratio (HR) 2.22, 95% CI 1.01–4.87. Patients who underwent CABG + repair/replacement had the highest risk of experiencing post-operative AF when compared to patients who underwent isolated CABG (HR 2.78, 95% CI 1.12–6.86).
Conclusion
Patients undergoing valve repair or bioprosthetic valve replacement have a substantial risk of post-operative AF within 30 days after discharge from surgery. An aggressive cardiac rhythm monitoring strategy during this vulnerable period should be considered for this high-risk patient population.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hibino
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac surgery , Toronto , Canada
| | - S Verma
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac surgery , Toronto , Canada
| | - A Pandey
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac surgery , Toronto , Canada
| | - A Quan
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac surgery , Toronto , Canada
| | - A Verma
- Southlake Regional Health Centre , Newmarket , Canada
| | - G Bisleri
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac surgery , Toronto , Canada
| | - C D Mazer
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac surgery , Toronto , Canada
| | - A Ha
- UHN - University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
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Hibibo M, Verma S, Pandey A, Quan A, Verma A, Bisleri G, Ha A, Mazer CD. The impact of statin on post-operative atrial fibrillation after discharge from cardiac surgery: secondary analysis of the SEARCH-AF CardioLink-1 randomized trial. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
There is conflicting evidence regarding the use of statins to reduce the risk of post-operative atrial fibrillation (POAF) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
Purpose
We sought to determine the effects of statin use on the burden of new-onset post-discharge POAF in the Post-Surgical Enhanced Monitoring for Cardiac Arrhythmias and Atrial Fibrillation (SEARCH-AF) CardioLink-1 randomized controlled trial.
Methods
In the SEARCH-AF trial, 336 patients with risk factors for stroke (CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2) and no history of preoperative AF were randomized to usual care or continuous cardiac rhythm monitoring for 30 days after discharge from cardiac surgery with a wearable, patched-based device. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of cumulative atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF/AFL) lasting for ≥6 minutes detected by continuous monitoring or AF/AFL documented by a 12-lead electrocardiogram within 30 days of randomization. Using time-to-event analysis and Cox regression, we evaluated the association between the risk of post-operative AF in relation to statin use and dosing intensity (low, moderate, high) at the time of discharge. We excluded patients who experienced post-operative AF during hospitalization in this analysis.
Results
In the overall cohort (n=336), 260 (77.4%) patients were treated with statins at the time of hospital discharge. There were 18 (5.4%) patients who experienced post-operative AF during hospitalization. Patients prescribed with statins were more likely to be male (p=0.018), had lower CHA2DS2-VASc scores (p=0.011), and were more likely to undergo isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) (p=0.083). Baseline characteristics were otherwise similar between the 2 groups. Patients treated with statins at discharge had a 2-fold lower rate of post-operative AF than those who were not treated with statins in the overall cohort (17.6% vs. 8.2%, Log-Rank p=0.017) and among those who were randomized to continuous cardiac rhythm monitoring (31.6% vs. 16.0%, Log-Rank p=0.027) (Figure). After adjusting for surgery type (CABG vs. valve surgery) and the CHA2DS2-VASc score, statin use at discharge was associated with a lower risk of post-operative AF within 30 days after surgery (hazard ratio 0.48, 95% CI 0.24–0.97). Furthermore, increasing intensity of statin therapy was associated with lower risk of POAF (ptrend=0.0012) (Figure 1)
Conclusion
Among cardiac surgery patients with risk factors for stroke and no history of pre-operative AF, the use of statins was associated with a reduction in post-operative AF risk within 30 days of discharge. The routine use of high-intensity statin to prevent post-operative AF after cardiac surgery deserves further study.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hibibo
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac surgery , Toronto , Canada
| | - S Verma
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac surgery , Toronto , Canada
| | - A Pandey
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac surgery , Toronto , Canada
| | - A Quan
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac surgery , Toronto , Canada
| | - A Verma
- Southlake Regional Health Centre , Newmarket , Canada
| | - G Bisleri
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac surgery , Toronto , Canada
| | - A Ha
- UHN - University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - C D Mazer
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac surgery , Toronto , Canada
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Puar P, Hibino M, Teoh H, Quan A, Verma R, Mazer C, Yan A, Connelly K, Verma S. LEFT VENTRICULAR MASS PREDICTS CARDIAC REVERSE REMODELING IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH EMPAGLIFLOZIN: AN EXPLORATORY SUB-ANALYSIS OF THE EMPA-HEART CARDIOLINK-6 RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL. Can J Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2022.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Rumman R, Verma S, Chan V, Mazer D, Quan A, De Varennes B, Chu M, d latter, Teoh H, Yanagawa B, Leong-Poi H, Connelly K. PREDICTORS OF MITRAL VALVE HEMODYNAMICS AFTER MITRAL VALVE REPAIR FOR DEGENERATIVE MITRAL REGURGITATION: A SUBANALYSIS OF THE CAMRA RANDOMIZED TRIAL. Can J Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2022.08.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Hibino M, Verma S, Pandey A, Quan A, Puar P, Verma R, Pandey A, Bisleri G, Verma A, Mazer C, Ha A. VALVULAR SURGERY IS ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASED RISK OF POST-OPERATIVE ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: SECONDARY ANALYSIS OF THE SEARCH-AF CARDIOLINK-1 RANDOMIZED TRIAL. Can J Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2022.08.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Pandey A, Hibino M, Ha A, Quan A, Puar P, Pandey A, Verma R, Bisleri G, Verma A, Mazer C, Verma S. IMPACT OF DIABETES AND GLUCOSE-LOWERING THERAPY ON POST-OPERATIVE ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AFTER CARDIAC SURGERY: SECONDARY ANALYSIS OF THE SEARCH-AF CARDIOLINK-1 RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL. Can J Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2022.08.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Hibino M, Verma S, Quan A, Puar P, Verma R, Pandey A, Bisleri G, Verma A, Ha A, Mazer C. THE IMPACT OF STATIN ON POST-OPERATIVE ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AFTER DISCHARGE FROM CARDIAC SURGERY: SECONDARY ANALYSIS OF THE SEARCH-AF CARDIOLINK-1 RANDOMIZED TRIAL. Can J Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2022.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Krishnaraj A, Bakbak E, Teoh H, Bhatt D, Quan A, Puar P, Lambotharan B, Kirubaharan A, Firoz I, Yanagawa B, Bari B, Kirubaharan R, Vijayaraghavan R, Demchuk A, Mancini G, Tanguay J, Tardif J, Voisine P, Leiter L, Verma S. TREATMENT IMPLICATIONS OF THE REDUCE-IT RESULTS TO PEOPLE OF SOUTH ASIAN (SA) DESCENT LIVING IN CANADA WITH KNOWN ATHEROSCLEROTIC CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE(THE REDUCE-IT CANADA SA STUDY). Can J Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2022.08.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Puar P, Mistry N, Connelly K, Yan A, Quan A, Teoh H, Pan Y, Verma R, Hess D, Verma S, Mazer C. INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR BINDING PROTEIN-7 AS A MARKER OF CARDIAC REVERSE REMODELING WITH EMPAGLIFLOZIN: A SECONDARY ANALYSIS OF THE EMPA-HEART CARDIOLINK-6 RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL. Can J Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2022.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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35
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Hibino M, Dhingra NK, Chan V, Mazer CD, Teoh H, Quan A, Verma R, Leong-Poi H, Bisleri G, Connelly KA, Verma S. Stage-based approach to predict left ventricular reverse remodeling after mitral repair. Clin Cardiol 2022; 45:921-927. [PMID: 35748086 PMCID: PMC9451668 DOI: 10.1002/clc.23879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although predictors of reverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling postmitral valve repair are critical for guiding perioperative decision‐making, there remains a paucity of randomized, prospective data to support the criteria that potential predictor variables must meet. Methods and Results The CAMRA CardioLink‐2 randomized trial allocated 104 patients to either leaflet resection or preservation strategies for mitral repair. The correlation of indexed left ventricular end‐systolic volume (LVESVI), indexed left ventricular end‐diastolic volume (LVEDVI), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were tested with univariate analysis and subsequently with multivariate analysis to determine independent predictors of reverse remodeling at discharge and at 12 months postoperatively. At discharge, both LVESVI and LVEDVI were independently associated with their preoperative values (p < .001 for both) and LVEF by preoperative LVESVI (p < .001). Mitral ring size was favorably associated with the change in LVESVI (p < .05) and LVEF (p < .01) from predischarge to 12 months, while the mean mitral valve gradient after repair was adversely associated with the change in LVESVI (p < .05) and LVEDVI (p < .05). No significant associations were found between reverse remodeling and coaptation height nor mitral repair technique. Conclusions Beyond confirming the lack of impact of mitral repair technique on reverse remodeling, this investigation suggests that recommending surgery before significant LV dilatation or dysfunction, as well as higher postoperative mitral valve hemodynamic performance, may enhance remodeling capacity following mitral repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hibino
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nitish K Dhingra
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vincent Chan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - C David Mazer
- Department of Anesthesia, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raj Verma
- Royal College of Surgeon Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Howard Leong-Poi
- Division of Cardiology, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gianluigi Bisleri
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kim A Connelly
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cardiology, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Rai A, Connelly KA, Verma S, Mazer CD, Teoh H, Ng MY, Roifman I, Quan A, Pourafkari M, Jimenez-Juan L, Ramanan V, Ge Y, Deva DP, Yan AT. Empagliflozin does not affect left ventricular diastolic function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease: insight from the EMPA-HEART CardioLink-6 randomized clinical trial. Acta Diabetol 2022; 59:575-578. [PMID: 35061101 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-021-01823-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Archana Rai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Imaging, St Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Rm 6-030D, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kim A Connelly
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Heart Center, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Keenan Research Center, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Heart Center, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Keenan Research Center, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - C David Mazer
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Keenan Research Center, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Keenan Research Center, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ming-Yen Ng
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, HKU-Shenzhen Hospital and Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Idan Roifman
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Schulich Heart Center, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Keenan Research Center, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marina Pourafkari
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Imaging, St Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Rm 6-030D, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Laura Jimenez-Juan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Imaging, St Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Rm 6-030D, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Venkat Ramanan
- Schulich Heart Center, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yin Ge
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Heart Center, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Djeven P Deva
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Imaging, St Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Rm 6-030D, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada.
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Andrew T Yan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Imaging, St Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Rm 6-030D, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada.
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Terrence Donnelly Heart Center, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
- Keenan Research Center, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
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Bakbak E, Terenzi DC, Trac JZ, Teoh H, Quan A, Glazer SA, Rotstein OD, Al-Omran M, Verma S, Hess DA. Lessons from bariatric surgery: Can increased GLP-1 enhance vascular repair during cardiometabolic-based chronic disease? Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2021; 22:1171-1188. [PMID: 34228302 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09669-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity represent entangled pandemics that accelerate the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Given the immense burden of CVD in society, non-invasive prevention and treatment strategies to promote cardiovascular health are desperately needed. During T2D and obesity, chronic dysglycemia and abnormal adiposity result in systemic oxidative stress and inflammation that deplete the vascular regenerative cell reservoir in the bone marrow that impairs blood vessel repair and exacerbates the penetrance of CVD co-morbidities. This novel translational paradigm, termed 'regenerative cell exhaustion' (RCE), can be detected as the depletion and dysfunction of hematopoietic and endothelial progenitor cell lineages in the peripheral blood of individuals with established T2D and/or obesity. The reversal of vascular RCE has been observed after administration of the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), empagliflozin, or after bariatric surgery for severe obesity. In this review, we explore emerging evidence that links improved dysglycemia to a reduction in systemic oxidative stress and recovery of circulating pro-vascular progenitor cell content required for blood vessel repair. Given that bariatric surgery consistently increases systemic glucagon-like-peptide 1 (GLP-1) release, we also focus on evidence that the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) during obesity may act to inhibit the progression of systemic dysglycemia and adiposity, and indirectly reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, thereby limiting the impact of RCE. Therefore, therapeutic intervention with currently-available GLP-1RA may provide a less-invasive modality to reverse RCE, bolster vascular repair mechanisms, and improve cardiometabolic risk in individuals living with T2D and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab Bakbak
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniella C Terenzi
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Justin Z Trac
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen A Glazer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Humber River Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Ori D Rotstein
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammed Al-Omran
- Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David A Hess
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
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Kosmopoulos A, Bhatt DL, Meglis G, Verma R, Pan Y, Quan A, Teoh H, Verma M, Jiao L, Wang R, Juliano RA, Kajil M, Kosiborod MN, Bari B, Berih AA, Aguilar M, Escano A, Leung A, Coelho I, Hibino M, Díaz R, Mason RP, Steg PG, Simon T, Go AS, Ambrosy AP, Choi R, Kushner AM, Leiter LA, Al-Omran M, Verma S, Mazer CD. A randomized trial of icosapent ethyl in ambulatory patients with COVID-19. iScience 2021; 24:103040. [PMID: 34462732 PMCID: PMC8388138 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic remains a source of considerable morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Therapeutic options to reduce symptoms, inflammatory response, or disease progression are limited. This randomized open-label trial enrolled 100 ambulatory patients with symptomatic COVID-19 in Toronto, Canada. Results indicate that icosapent ethyl (8 g daily for 3 days followed by 4 g daily for 11 days) significantly reduced high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and improved symptomatology compared with patients assigned to usual care. Specifically, the primary biomarker endpoint, change in hs-CRP, was significantly reduced by 25% among treated patients (−0.5 mg/L, interquartile range [IQR] [−6.9,0.4], within-group p = 0.011). Conversely, a non-significant 5.6% reduction was observed among usual care patients (−0.1 mg/L, IQR [−3.2,1.7], within-group p = 0.51). An unadjusted between-group primary biomarker analysis was non-significant (p = 0.082). Overall, this report provides evidence of an early anti-inflammatory effect of icosapent ethyl in a modest sample, including an initial well-tolerated loading dose, in symptomatic outpatients with COVID-19. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04412018. hs-CRP was significantly reduced within the icosapent ethyl cohort (p value = 0.011) Total symptom prevalence was significantly reduced in treatment versus usual care Treated participants had significant FLU-PRO score reductions versus usual care First evidence of a well-tolerated icosapent ethyl loading dose (8 g/day for 3 days)
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Kosmopoulos
- North York Diagnostic and Cardiac Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Deepak L. Bhatt
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital Heart and Vascular Center, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Corresponding author
| | - Gus Meglis
- North York Diagnostic and Cardiac Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Raj Verma
- North York Diagnostic and Cardiac Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yi Pan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maya Verma
- North York Diagnostic and Cardiac Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lixia Jiao
- Amarin Pharma Inc., Bridgewater, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Mahesh Kajil
- North York Diagnostic and Cardiac Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mikhail N. Kosiborod
- Department of Cardiology, Saint Luke’s Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Missouri, USA
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Basel Bari
- Markham Health+Plex Medical Centre, Markham, ON, Canada
| | | | - Mallory Aguilar
- North York Diagnostic and Cardiac Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Makoto Hibino
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rafael Díaz
- Estudios Clínicos Latino América, Instituto Cardiovascular de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - R. Preston Mason
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ph. Gabriel Steg
- Université de Paris, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM 1148, Paris, France
- French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials (FACT), Paris, France
- National Heart & Lung Institute NHLI, Imperial College, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Tabassome Simon
- French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials (FACT), Paris, France
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Unité de Recherche Clinique (URCEST), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Sorbonne Université, site St Antoine, INSERM U-698, Paris, France
| | - Alan S. Go
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
- Departments of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andrew P. Ambrosy
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Richard Choi
- Riverside Cardiology and Diagnostic Imaging; Division of Cardiology, St. Joseph's Health Centre, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Lawrence A. Leiter
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammed Al-Omran
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- North York Diagnostic and Cardiac Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Canadian Medical and Surgical Knowledge Translation Research Group, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - C. David Mazer
- Department of Anesthesia, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Ha ACT, Verma S, Mazer CD, Quan A, Yanagawa B, Latter DA, Yau TM, Jacques F, Brown CD, Singal RK, Yamashita MH, Saha T, Teoh KH, Lam BK, Deyell MW, Wilson M, Hibino M, Cheung CC, Kosmopoulos A, Garg V, Brodutch S, Teoh H, Zuo F, Thorpe KE, Jüni P, Bhatt DL, Verma A. Effect of Continuous Electrocardiogram Monitoring on Detection of Undiagnosed Atrial Fibrillation After Hospitalization for Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2121867. [PMID: 34448866 PMCID: PMC8397929 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.21867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) occurring after cardiac surgery is associated with adverse outcomes. Whether POAF persists beyond discharge is not well defined. OBJECTIVE To determine whether continuous cardiac rhythm monitoring enhances detection of POAF among cardiac surgical patients during the first 30 days after hospital discharge compared with usual care. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This study is an investigator-initiated, open-label, multicenter, randomized clinical trial conducted at 10 Canadian centers. Enrollment spanned from March 2017 to March 2020, with follow-up through September 11, 2020. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, enrollment stopped on July 17, 2020, at which point 85% of the proposed sample size was enrolled. Cardiac surgical patients with CHA2DS2-VASc (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes, prior stroke or transient ischemic attack, vascular disease, age 65-74 years, female sex) score greater than or equal to 4 or greater than or equal to 2 with risk factors for POAF, no history of preoperative AF, and POAF lasting less than 24 hours during hospitalization were enrolled. INTERVENTIONS The intervention group underwent continuous cardiac rhythm monitoring with wearable, patch-based monitors for 30 days after randomization. Monitoring was not mandated in the usual care group within 30 days after randomization. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was cumulative AF and/or atrial flutter lasting 6 minutes or longer detected by continuous cardiac rhythm monitoring or by a 12-lead electrocardiogram within 30 days of randomization. Prespecified secondary outcomes included cumulative AF lasting 6 hours or longer and 24 hours or longer within 30 days of randomization, death, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, non-central nervous system thromboembolism, major bleeding, and oral anticoagulation prescription. RESULTS Of the 336 patients randomized (163 patients in the intervention group and 173 patients in the usual care group; mean [SD] age, 67.4 [8.1] years; 73 women [21.7%]; median [interquartile range] CHA2DS2-VASc score, 4.0 [3.0-4.0] points), 307 (91.4%) completed the trial. In the intent-to-treat analysis, the primary end point occurred in 32 patients (19.6%) in the intervention group vs 3 patients (1.7%) in the usual care group (absolute difference, 17.9%; 95% CI, 11.5%-24.3%; P < .001). AF lasting 6 hours or longer was detected in 14 patients (8.6%) in the intervention group vs 0 patients in the usual care group (absolute difference, 8.6%; 95% CI, 4.3%-12.9%; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In post-cardiac surgical patients at high risk of stroke, no preoperative AF history, and AF lasting less than 24 hours during hospitalization, continuous monitoring revealed a significant increase in the rate of POAF after discharge that would otherwise not be detected by usual care. Studies are needed to examine whether these patients will benefit from oral anticoagulation therapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02793895.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. T. Ha
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C. David Mazer
- Department of Anesthesiology, St Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bobby Yanagawa
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A. Latter
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Terrence M. Yau
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frédéric Jacques
- University Institute of Cardiology and Respirology of Québec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Craig D. Brown
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Rohit K. Singal
- Division of Surgery, Cardiac Science Program, St Boniface General Hospital, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Michael H. Yamashita
- Division of Surgery, Cardiac Science Program, St Boniface General Hospital, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Tarit Saha
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin H. Teoh
- Southlake Regional Health Center, University of Toronto, Newmarket, Ontario, Canada
| | - Buu-Khanh Lam
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc W. Deyell
- Division of Cardiology, St Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marnee Wilson
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Makoto Hibino
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Andrew Kosmopoulos
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vinay Garg
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shira Brodutch
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fei Zuo
- Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin E. Thorpe
- Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Jüni
- Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deepak L. Bhatt
- Heart and Vascular Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Atul Verma
- Southlake Regional Health Center, University of Toronto, Newmarket, Ontario, Canada
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Oliveira AN, Yanagawa B, Quan A, Verma S, Hood DA. Human cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury: Blunted stress response with age. J Card Surg 2021; 36:3643-3651. [PMID: 34250631 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.15807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Autophagy is a cytoprotective recycling mechanism, capable of digesting dysfunctional cellular components, and this process is associated with pro-survival outcomes. Autophagy may decline in the aging myocardium, thereby contributing to cardiac dysfunction. However, it remains to be established how autophagy responds to ischemia-reperfusion stress with age. METHODS Samples from the right atrium were collected from young (≤50 years; n = 5) and aged (≥70 years; n = 11) patients before and immediately following cardioplegic arrest during coronary artery bypass grafting surgery, a model of human ischemia-reperfusion injury. RESULTS Mitochondrial content, as assessed by a cohort of mitochondrial markers, exhibited an overall decrease in the aging myocardium (p = 0.01). In response to IR, COX-I (0.63 vs. 0.91, p = 0.01) increased in young, but not in aged patients (interaction effect p = 0.08). Reductions in LC3-I (0.48 vs. 0.28, p = 0.02) along with declines in TFEB and TFE3 (0.63 vs. 0.20, p = 0.05; 0.71 vs. 0.20, p = 0.01) were observed with age suggesting an impairment in the aged myocardium. Aged patients also displayed an inability to mount an appropriate response to IR compared to their young counterparts, specifically, increases in v-ATPase and NIX (1.06 vs 0.69, p = .01; 1.15 vs 0.69, p = .001) were not seen in the aged. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate a reduced cardiac mitochondrial content and a blunted mitochondrial response to ischemia with age, accompanied by a possible impairment in mitophagy. These findings support an age-associated inability of the atrial myocardium to mount appropriate adaptive responses to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N Oliveira
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bobby Yanagawa
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Hood
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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41
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Terenzi DC, Bakbak E, Trac JZ, Al-Omran M, Quan A, Teoh H, Verma S, Hess DA. Isolation and characterization of circulating pro-vascular progenitor cell subsets from human whole blood samples. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100311. [PMID: 33554145 PMCID: PMC7856468 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The examination of circulating pro-vascular progenitor cell frequency and function is integral in understanding aberrant blood vessel homeostasis in individuals with cardiometabolic disease. Here, we outline the characterization of progenitor cell subsets from peripheral blood using high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, an intracellular detoxification enzyme previously associated with pro-vascular progenitor cell status. Using this protocol, cells can be examined by flow cytometry for ALDH activity and lineage restricted cell surface markers simultaneously. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Terenzi et al. (2019) and Hess et al. (2019, 2020). Aldehyde dehydrogenase is superior in the isolation of progenitor cells Flow cytometry is an effective method to characterize pro-vascular cells Aggressive gating strategies allows for in-depth progenitor cell characterization The use of fresh blood samples will yield most accurate cell prevalence
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella C Terenzi
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ehab Bakbak
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Justin Z Trac
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammad Al-Omran
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Vascular Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David A Hess
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Vascular Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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Luu AZ, Luu VZ, Chowdhury B, Kosmopoulos A, Pan Y, Al-Omran M, Quan A, Teoh H, Hess DA, Verma S. Loss of endothelial cell-specific autophagy-related protein 7 exacerbates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 25:100926. [PMID: 33553688 PMCID: PMC7851775 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.100926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective, broad-spectrum antineoplastic agent with serious cardiotoxic side effects, which may lead to the development of heart failure. Current strategies to diagnose, prevent, and treat DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) are inadequate. Recent evidence has linked the dysregulation and destruction of the vascular endothelium to the development of DIC. Autophagy is a conserved pro-survival mechanism that recycles and removes damaged sub-cellular components. Autophagy-related protein 7 (ATG7) catalyzes autophagosome formation, a critical step in autophagy. In this study, we used endothelial cell-specific Atg7 knockout (EC-Atg7−/−) mice to characterize the role of endothelial cell-specific autophagy in DIC. DOX-treated EC-Atg7−/− mice showed reduced survival and a greater decline in cardiac function compared to wild-type controls. Histological assessments revealed increased cardiac fibrosis in DOX-treated EC-Atg7−/− mice. Furthermore, DOX-treated EC-Atg7−/− mice had elevated serum levels of creatine kinase-myocardial band, a biomarker for cardiac damage. Thus, the lack of EC-specific autophagy exacerbated DIC. Future studies on the relationship between EC-specific autophagy and DIC could establish the importance of endothelium protection in preventing DIC. Recent data suggest that endothelial cells (ECs) may represent a novel target to reduce doxorubicin (DOX)-linked cardiotoxicity. We used EC-specific autophagy-related protein 7 knock-out (EC-Atg7−/−) mice to determine how ATG7 loss in ECs affects DIC. DOX-treated EC-Atg7−/− mice exhibited reduced survival and cardiac function. Cardiac fibrosis and serum creatine kinase-myocardial band levels were increased in DOX-treated EC-Atg7−/− mice. Loss of endothelial Atg7 exacerbated DIC phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Z Luu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vincent Z Luu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Biswajit Chowdhury
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Kosmopoulos
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yi Pan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammed Al-Omran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Vascular Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Hess
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Vascular Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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43
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Mason T, Coelho-Filho OR, Verma S, Chowdhury B, Zuo F, Quan A, Thorpe KE, Bonneau C, Teoh H, Gilbert RE, Leiter LA, Jüni P, Zinman B, Jerosch-Herold M, Mazer CD, Yan AT, Connelly KA. Empagliflozin Reduces Myocardial Extracellular Volume in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Coronary Artery Disease. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 14:1164-1173. [PMID: 33454272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2020.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to evaluate the effects of empagliflozin on extracellular volume (ECV) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and coronary artery disease (CAD). BACKGROUND Empagliflozin has been shown to reduce left ventricular mass index (LVMi) in patients with T2DM and CAD. The effects on myocardial ECV are unknown. METHODS This was a prespecified substudy of the EMPA-HEART (Effects of Empagliflozin on Cardiac Structure in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes) CardioLink-6 trial in which 97 participants were randomized to receive empagliflozin 10 mg daily or placebo for 6 months. Data from 74 participants were included: 39 from the empagliflozin group and 35 from the placebo group. The main outcome was change in left ventricular ECV from baseline to 6 months determined by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). Other outcomes included change in LVMi, indexed intracellular compartment volume (iICV) and indexed extracellular compartment volume (iECV), and the fibrosis biomarkers soluble suppressor of tumorgenicity (sST2) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2. RESULTS Baseline ECV was elevated in the empagliflozin group (29.6 ± 4.6%) and placebo group (30.6 ± 4.8%). Six months of empagliflozin therapy reduced ECV compared with placebo (adjusted difference: -1.40%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -2.60 to -0.14%; p = 0.03). Empagliflozin therapy reduced iECV (adjusted difference: -1.5 ml/m2; 95% CI: -2.6 to -0.5 ml/m2; p = 0.006), with a trend toward reduction in iICV (adjusted difference: -1.7 ml/m2; 95% CI: -3.8 to 0.3 ml/m2; p = 0.09). Empagliflozin had no impact on MMP-2 or sST2. CONCLUSIONS In individuals with T2DM and CAD, 6 months of empagliflozin reduced ECV, iECV, and LVMi. No changes in MMP-2 and sST2 were seen. Further investigation into the mechanisms by which empagliflozin causes reverse remodeling is required. (Effects of Empagliflozin on Cardiac Structure in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes [EMPA-HEART]; NCT02998970).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamique Mason
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Otavio R Coelho-Filho
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Biswajit Chowdhury
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fei Zuo
- Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin E Thorpe
- Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher Bonneau
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard E Gilbert
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lawrence A Leiter
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Jüni
- Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bernard Zinman
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Jerosch-Herold
- Heart and Vascular Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - C David Mazer
- Department of Anesthesia, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew T Yan
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Cardiology, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kim A Connelly
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Cardiology, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Peterson MD, Garg V, Mazer CD, Chu MWA, Bozinovski J, Dagenais F, MacArthur RGG, Ouzounian M, Quan A, Jüni P, Bhatt DL, Marotta TR, Dickson J, Teoh H, Zuo F, Smith EE, Verma S. A randomized trial comparing axillary versus innominate artery cannulation for aortic arch surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 164:1426-1438.e2. [PMID: 33431219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.10.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral protection remains the cornerstone of successful aortic surgery; however, there is no consensus as to the optimal strategy. OBJECTIVE To compare the safety and efficacy of innominate to axillary artery cannulation for delivering antegrade cerebral protection during proximal aortic arch surgery. METHODS This randomized controlled trial (The Aortic Surgery Cerebral Protection Evaluation CardioLink-3 Trial, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02554032), conducted across 6 Canadian centers between January 2015 and June 2018, allocated 111 individuals to innominate or axillary artery cannulation. The primary safety outcome was neuroprotection per the appearance of new severe ischemic lesions on the postoperative diffusion-weighted-magnetic resonance imaging. The primary efficacy outcome was the difference in total operative time. Secondary outcomes included 30-day all-cause mortality and postoperative stroke. RESULTS One hundred two individuals (mean age, 63 ± 11 years) were in the primary safety per-protocol analysis. Baseline characteristics between the groups were similar. New severe ischemic lesions occurred in 19 participants (38.8%) in the axillary versus 18 (34%) in the innominate group (P for noninferiority = .0009). Total operative times were comparable (median, 293 minutes; interquartile range, 222-411 minutes) for axillary versus (298 minutes; interquartile range, 231-368 minutes) for innominate (P for superiority = .47). Stroke/transient ischemic attack occurred in 4 (7.1%) participants in the axillary versus 2 (3.6%) in the innominate group (P = .43). Thirty-day mortality, seizures, delirium, and duration of mechanical ventilation were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging assessments indicate that antegrade cerebral protection with innominate cannulation is safe and affords similar neuroprotection to axillary cannulation during aortic surgery, although the burden of new neurological lesions is high in both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Peterson
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vinay Garg
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C David Mazer
- Department of Anesthesia, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Michael W A Chu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Lawson Health Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Bozinovski
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Jubilee Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - François Dagenais
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Roderick G G MacArthur
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maral Ouzounian
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Jüni
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Thomas R Marotta
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Imaging, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Dickson
- Department of Anesthesia, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fei Zuo
- Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric E Smith
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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45
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Chan V, Mazer C, Mesana T, De Varennes B, Gregory A, Bouchard D, Zuo F, Mohamad Ali F, Tsang W, Latter D, Juni P, Teoh H, Quan A, Leong-Poi H, Verma S. A randomized surgical trial of mitral valve repair with leaflet resection versus leaflet preservation on functional mitral stenosis – primary results of the CAMRA CardioLink-2 trial. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.1980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The gold standard treatment for mitral valve regurgitation due to prolapse involves surgery with annuloplasty and either leaflet resection or leaflet preservation, with placement of artificial neochordae. It has been suggested that leaflet resection may be prone to functional mitral stenosis, whereby a patient may have a higher mitral gradient at peak exercise compared to a leaflet preservation strategy. Although both techniques are widely used, there has been no prospective randomized study conducted to compare these two techniques, particularly in regard to functional mitral stenosis.
Methods
A total of 104 patients with posterior leaflet prolapse were randomized to undergo mitral repair with either leaflet resection (N=54) or leaflet preservation (N=50) at 7 specialized Canadian cardiac centers. Patient age, proportion of female patients, and mean Society of Thoracic Surgeons risk score was 63.9±10.4 years, 19%, and 1.4% for those who underwent leaflet resection, and 66.3±10.8 years, 16%, and 1.9% for those who underwent leaflet preservation, respectively. The primary endpoint was the mean trans-mitral repair gradient at peak exercise 12-months after repair.
Results
Baseline characteristics were similar between the groups. At 12-months, the mean trans-mitral repair gradient at peak exercise in patients who underwent leaflet resection and preservation was 9.1±5.2 and 8.3±3.3 mmHg (P=0.4), respectively. The two groups had similar mean mitral valve gradient at rest (3.2±1.9 mmHg following resection and 3.1±1.1 mmHg following leaflet preservation, P=0.7). There was no between-group difference for the 6-minute walk distance (451±147 m and 481±95 m for the resection and preservation groups, respectively, P=0.3).
Conclusion
We report the first prospective surgical randomized trial to evaluate commonly used mitral valve repair strategies for posterior leaflet prolapse. Leaflet resection and leaflet preservation both yield acceptable results with no difference in postoperative valve gradient and functional status 12-months after surgical mitral valve repair.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- V Chan
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - C.D Mazer
- St. Michael's Hospital, Anesthesia, Toronto, Canada
| | - T Mesana
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - A.J Gregory
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary, Canada
| | - D Bouchard
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - F Zuo
- St. Michael's Hospital, Applied Health Research Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - W Tsang
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiology, Toronto, Canada
| | - D.A Latter
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac Surgery, Toronto, Canada
| | - P Juni
- St. Michael's Hospital, Applied Health Research Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - H Teoh
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac Surgery, Toronto, Canada
| | - A Quan
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac Surgery, Toronto, Canada
| | - H Leong-Poi
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiology, Toronto, Canada
| | - S Verma
- St. Michael's Hospital, Cardiac Surgery, Toronto, Canada
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46
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Chan V, Mazer CD, Ali FM, Quan A, Ruel M, de Varennes BE, Gregory AJ, Bouchard D, Whitlock RP, Chu MW, Dokollari A, Mesana T, Bhatt DL, Latter DA, Zuo F, Tsang W, Teoh H, Jüni P, Leong-Poi H, Verma S. Randomized, Controlled Trial Comparing Mitral Valve Repair With Leaflet Resection Versus Leaflet Preservation on Functional Mitral Stenosis. Circulation 2020; 142:1342-1350. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.046853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Equipoise exists between the use of leaflet resection and preservation for surgical repair of mitral regurgitation caused by prolapse. We therefore performed a randomized, controlled trial comparing these 2 techniques, particularly in regard to functional mitral stenosis.
Methods:
One hundred four patients with degenerative mitral regurgitation surgically amenable to either leaflet resection or preservation were randomized at 7 specialized cardiac surgical centers. Exclusion criteria included anterior leaflet or commissural prolapse, as well as a mixed cause for mitral valve disease. Using previous data, we determined that a sample size of 88 subjects would provide 90% power to detect a 5–mm Hg difference in mean mitral valve gradient at peak exercise, assuming an SD of 6.7 mm with a 2-sided test with α=5% and 10% patient attrition. The primary end point was the mean mitral gradient at peak exercise 12 months after repair.
Results:
Patient age, proportion who were female, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons risk score were 63.9±10.4 years, 19%, and 1.4±2.8% for those who were assigned to leaflet resection (n=54), and 66.3±10.8 years, 16%, and 1.9±2.6% for those who underwent leaflet preservation (n=50). There were no perioperative deaths or conversions to replacement. At 12 months, moderate mitral regurgitation was observed in 3 subjects in the leaflet resection group and 2 in the leaflet preservation group. The mean transmitral gradient at 12 months during peak exercise was 9.1±5.2 mm Hg after leaflet resection and 8.3±3.3 mm Hg after leaflet preservation (
P
=0.43). The participants had similar resting peak (8.3±4.4 mm Hg versus 8.4±2.6 mm Hg;
P
=0.96) and mean resting (3.2±1.9 mm Hg versus 3.1±1.1 mm Hg;
P
=0.67) mitral gradients after leaflet resection and leaflet preservation, respectively. The 6-minute walking distance was 451±147 m for those in the leaflet resection versus 481±95 m for the leaflet preservation group (
P
=0.27).
Conclusions:
In this adequately powered randomized trial, repair of mitral prolapse with either leaflet resection or leaflet preservation was associated with similar transmitral gradients at peak exercise at 12 months postoperatively. These data do not support the hypothesis that a strategy of leaflet resection (versus preservation) is associated with a risk of functional mitral stenosis.
Registration:
URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier NCT02552771.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Chan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada (V.C., M.R., T.M.)
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine (V.C.), University of Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - C. David Mazer
- Department of Anesthesia (C.D.M.), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (C.D.M.), University of Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology (C.D.M.), University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Faeez Mohamad Ali
- Division of Cardiology (F.M.A., W.T., H.L.-P.), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery (A.Q., A.D., D.A.L., H.T., S.V.), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marc Ruel
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada (V.C., M.R., T.M.)
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (M.R.), University of Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Benoit E. de Varennes
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada (B.E.d.V.)
| | - Alexander J. Gregory
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada (A.J.G.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary, Canada (A.J.G.)
| | - Denis Bouchard
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, QC, Canada (D.B.)
| | - Richard P. Whitlock
- Division of Cardiac Surgery (R.P.W.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (R.P.W.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada (R.P.W.)
| | - Michael W.A. Chu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, London Health Sciences Center, University of Western Ontario, Canada (M.W.A.C.)
| | - Aleksander Dokollari
- Division of Cardiac Surgery (A.Q., A.D., D.A.L., H.T., S.V.), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Thierry Mesana
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada (V.C., M.R., T.M.)
| | - Deepak L. Bhatt
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital Heart and Vascular Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.L.B.)
| | - David A. Latter
- Division of Cardiac Surgery (A.Q., A.D., D.A.L., H.T., S.V.), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery (D.A.L., S.V.), University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fei Zuo
- Applied Health Research Centre (F.Z., P.J.), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wendy Tsang
- Division of Cardiology (F.M.A., W.T., H.L.-P.), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine (W.T., P.J., H.L.-P.), University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery (A.Q., A.D., D.A.L., H.T., S.V.), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.T.), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Jüni
- Applied Health Research Centre (F.Z., P.J.), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine (W.T., P.J., H.L.-P.), University of Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation (P.J.), University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Howard Leong-Poi
- Division of Cardiology (F.M.A., W.T., H.L.-P.), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine (W.T., P.J., H.L.-P.), University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery (A.Q., A.D., D.A.L., H.T., S.V.), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery (D.A.L., S.V.), University of Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.V.), University of Toronto, ON, Canada
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47
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Luu VZ, Luu AZ, Chowdhury B, Elbardisy O, Pan Y, Al-Omran M, Quan A, Teoh H, Hess DA, Verma S. Disruption of endothelial cell intraflagellar transport protein 88 exacerbates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Life Sci 2020; 260:118216. [PMID: 32768582 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent anticancer drug with severe dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. To address this issue, previous research primarily focused on DOX-induced toxicity on cardiomyocytes. However, more recent research has looked into the endothelium as a therapeutic target due to the emerging role of endothelial cells in the support of cardiomyocyte survival and function. MAIN METHODS We investigated a novel role of endothelial cell (EC) primary cilia in the prevention of DOX-mediated cardiotoxicity. Mice lacking EC primary cilia, via the deletion of EC-specific intraflagellar protein 88 (IFT88) expression, were administered DOX (20 mg/kg i.p.), and assessed for survival, cardiac function, cardiac structure changes, and indices of cardiomyocyte injury. KEY FINDINGS DOX-treatment resulted in reduced survival and cardiac function (ejection fraction and fractional shortening) in EC-IFT88-/- mice vs. their similarly treated wild-type littermates. Cardiomyocyte vacuolization, cardiac fibrosis, and serum CK-MB levels were also increased in DOX-treated mice compared to saline-treated controls. However, these parameters were not significantly different when comparing WT and EC-IFT88-/- mice after DOX treatment. SIGNIFICANCE The loss of EC primary cilia accelerated DOX-mediated mortality and reduced cardiac function, suggesting pathways downstream of ciliary-mediated signal transduction as potential targets to promote EC support of cardiomyocyte function during DOX treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Z Luu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Albert Z Luu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Biswajit Chowdhury
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Omar Elbardisy
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Human Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yi Pan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammed Al-Omran
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Hess
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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48
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Garg V, Verma S, Connelly KA, Yan AT, Sikand A, Garg A, Dorian P, Zuo F, Leiter LA, Zinman B, Jüni P, Verma A, Teoh H, Quan A, Mazer CD, Ha ACT. Does empagliflozin modulate the autonomic nervous system among individuals with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease? The EMPA-HEART CardioLink-6 Holter analysis. Metabol Open 2020; 7:100039. [PMID: 32812924 PMCID: PMC7424781 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2020.100039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Context We examined if empagliflozin was associated with modulation of cardiac autonomic tone among subjects with type 2 diabetes and stable coronary artery disease (CAD) relative to placebo. Methods Using ambulatory 24-h Holter electrocardiographic data prospectively collected from a randomized trial, we compared changes in heart rate variability (HRV) parameters between empagliflozin- and placebo-assigned subjects over a follow-up period of 6 months. Measured HRV domains included: standard deviation (SD) of NN intervals (SDNN), SD of average NN intervals per 5-min (SDANN), root mean square of successive RR interval differences (RMSSD), % successive NN intervals differing >50 ms (ms) (pNN50), low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF) and the LF/HF ratio (LF:HF). Differences in HRV parameters between the 2 groups were compared with analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Statistical measures of significance were reported as adjusted differences between the 2 groups and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Results Sixty-six subjects completed 24-h Holter monitoring at baseline and 6-months. Over 6 months, the change in HRV was similar between subjects treated with empagliflozin vs. placebo for the following parameters: RMSSD -1.2 ms (-6.0 to 3.6 ms); pNN50 0.5% (-2.6 to 3.6%); VLF -907.8 ms2 (-2388.8 to 573.1 ms2); LF -341 ms2 (-878.7 to 196.7 ms2); HF -33.8 ms2 (-111.1 to 43.5 ms2); LF:HF -0.1 (-0.4 to 0.2). Subjects who received placebo experienced an increase in SDNN 18.6 ms (2.8–34.3 ms) and SDANN 20.2 ms (3.2–37.3 ms) relative to those treated with empagliflozin. Conclusion Compared to placebo, empagliflozin did not result in changes in autonomic tone among individuals with type 2 diabetes and stable coronary artery disease. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors’ mechanism of cardiovascular benefit is unknown. Impaired autonomic tone is associated with adverse cardiac events. Cardiac autonomic tone was assessed with Holter studies from a randomized trial. Similar autonomic tone noted between subjects treated with empagliflozin and placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Garg
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kim A Connelly
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Cardiology, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew T Yan
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Cardiology, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aditya Sikand
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ankit Garg
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Dorian
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Cardiology, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fei Zuo
- Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lawrence A Leiter
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bernard Zinman
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Jüni
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Atul Verma
- Department of Cardiology, Southlake Regional Health Centre, University of Toronto, Newmarket, ON, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - C David Mazer
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Anesthesia, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew C T Ha
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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49
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Hess DA, Trac JZ, Glazer SA, Terenzi DC, Quan A, Teoh H, Al-Omran M, Bhatt DL, Mazer CD, Rotstein OD, Verma S. Vascular Risk Reduction in Obesity through Reduced Granulocyte Burden and Improved Angiogenic Monocyte Content following Bariatric Surgery. Cell Rep Med 2020; 1:100018. [PMID: 33205058 PMCID: PMC7659601 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bariatric surgery, in addition to the benefit of sustained weight loss, can also reduce cardiometabolic risk and mortality. Lifelong vessel maintenance is integral to the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Using aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, an intracellular detoxifying enzyme present at high levels within pro-vascular progenitor cells, we observed an association between chronic obesity and “regenerative cell exhaustion” (RCE), a pathology whereby chronic assault on circulating regenerative cell types can result in adverse inflammation and diminished vessel repair. We also describe that, at 3 months following bariatric surgery, systemic inflammatory burden was reduced and pro-angiogenic macrophage precursor content was improved in subjects with severe obesity, suggesting the restoration of a microenvironment to support vessel homeostasis. These data suggest that bariatric surgery may reverse deleterious events that predispose patients with morbid obesity to cardiovascular risk. Obesity features a low frequency of ALDH and CD133 co-expressing cells Bariatric surgery results in lower granulocyte precursors expressing ALDH Macrophage balance favors M2 polarization following bariatric surgery Cellular changes after bariatric surgery give insight into reducing CV risk
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Hess
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Justin Z Trac
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen A Glazer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Humber River Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Daniella C Terenzi
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammed Al-Omran
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C David Mazer
- Department of Anesthesia, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ori D Rotstein
- Division of General Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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50
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Opingari E, Verma S, Connelly KA, Mazer CD, Teoh H, Quan A, Zuo F, Pan Y, Bhatt DL, Zinman B, Leiter LA, Yan AT, Cherney DZI, Gilbert RE. The impact of empagliflozin on kidney injury molecule-1: a subanalysis of the Effects of Empagliflozin on Cardiac Structure, Function, and Circulating Biomarkers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes CardioLink-6 trial. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2020; 35:895-897. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfz294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Opingari
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kim A Connelly
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cyril David Mazer
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fei Zuo
- Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yi Pan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital Heart and Vascular Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernard Zinman
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lawrence A Leiter
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew T Yan
- Division of Cardiology, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Z I Cherney
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Richard E Gilbert
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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