Orthodontic Elastics: A Multivariable Analysis of YouTubeTM Videos

Background/Purpose

Whether YouTube videos contain precise and adequate information on certain orthodontic procedures remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the content and quality of YouTube videos on orthodontic elastics and identify the predictors of high-level content YouTube videos.

Materials and Methods

Two hundred YouTube videos were screened for eligibility, and after applying the inclusion criteria, 133 videos were excluded. Student's t-test was used to compare the characteristics, quality parameters, and total content of the low-level and high-level content videos. Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests were implemented to identify the source and content element differences across low-level and high-level content videos. Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to determine the relationship between the total content score, video information and quality index (VIQI), and YouTube characteristics. Stepwise linear multiple regressions with forward selection were used to test the association of the YouTube characteristics and VIQI with the total content score.

Results

Among 67 included videos, only 19.4% of videos were classified as high-level content videos. High-level content videos had significantly higher mean number of likes (MD = 4041.7; SD = 4680.7; P-value=0.0068), VIQI score (MD = 4.17; SD = 4.87; P-value=0.0073), and total content score (MD = 4.04; SD = 1.23; P-value=<0.0001). The adjusted linear regression model demonstrated a significant association between the total content score and VIQI, where 1 unit increase in the VIQI was significantly associated with a 0.16 increase in the total content score (B = 0.16; standard error [SE]=0.04; P = 0.0003). Further, a significant association was observed between the total content score and video duration, where 1 minute increase in the video duration was significantly associated with a 0.15 increase in the total content score (B = 0.15; SE = 0.05; P = 0.008).

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that YouTube content quality concerning orthodontic elastics is poor. Thus, future implementation of online visual content provided by certified orthodontists will ensure accurate and thorough information delivery.

Predictors of procedural errors in class II resin composite restorations using bitewing radiographs

Objective

To identify the potential factors that induce procedural errors during posterior proximal resin composite restorations placed by dental students.

Materials and Methods

This retrospective study evaluated 803 bitewing radiographs of posterior proximal resin composite restorations placed by dental students at Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University. Atypical radiographic signs of failure were screened, and different patient-, operator-, and clinical-related factors were recorded. Chi-square test was used to examine the relationship between procedural errors and recorded factors. Stepwise adjusted logistic regression model was performed to identify predictors of procedural errors.

Results

The most observed errors were internal gaps at the bonding interface and internal voids. Molars had 0.39 the risk of internal voids (odds ratio [OR] = 0.39; confidence interval [CI] = 0.25-0.60; P = <0.0001), 0.41 the risk of sharp angle (OR = 0.41; CI = 0.24-0.68; P = <0.001), and 0.57 the risk of open contact (OR = 0.57; CI = 0.34-0.97; P = 0.04) compared to premolars. Those who were >40 years of age had 1.79 the risk of overhang compared to younger patients (OR = 1.79; CI = 1.04-3.11; P = <0.04). First molars and premolars had 0.64 the risk of overhang compared to second molars and premolars (OR = 0.64; CI = 0.41-1.00; P = 0.04). Junior students had 1.97 the risk of internal gap compared to their senior counterparts (OR = 1.97; CI = 1.20-3.21; P = 0.008). Mesial restorations had 0.38 the risk of external gap compared to mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) restorations (OR = 0.38; CI = 0.19-0.78; P = 0.003). Restorations with a margin coronal to the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) had 0.44 the risk of external gap compared to those restorations with a margin apical to the CEJ (OR = 0.44; CI = 0.29-0.66; P = <0.0001).

Conclusion

Our findings suggested a higher incidence of procedural errors in restoring premolars and MOD cavity preparations. Therefore, it is crucial to enhance the comprehensiveness of laboratory training and expose students to diverse clinical scenarios and various techniques.

Influence of Denture Cleansers on the Retention Loss of Attachment Systems Retained Implant Overdenture

Background

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different denture cleansing solutions (DCSs) on the retention of Locator and Locator R-Tx attachment systems of implant retained overdentures (IRO).

Methods

Two part acrylic resin blocks were fabricated, upper part contained metal housing and plastic inserts and lower part contained implant analogs and abutments. Eighty pink plastic inserts (40/attachment, 10/solution) were immersed in Corega, Fittydent, sodium hypochlorite, and water for a time simulating upto 1-year of clinical usage. Acrylic blocks were held on a universal testing machine for a pull-out test to record the dislodgement force. Measurements were conducted after 6 months (T1) and 12 months (T2). One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD test was used to analyze the results (α = 0.05).

Results

For both attachments, retention significantly decreased after immersion in different solutions at T2 (P < 0.001). Locator R-Tx attachment in NaOCl showed a significant decrease in retention compared with other solutions at T1. At T2, there was a significant decrease in retention for all DCS compared with water (P < 0.001). Locator R-TX showed higher retention values per solution compared to Locator attachment (P < 0.001). In terms of retention loss %, NaOCl recorded the highest (61.87%) loss, followed by Corega (55.54%) and Fittydent (43.13%), whereas water demonstrated the best retention (16.13%) in both groups.

Conclusion

Locator R-TX has better retention with different DCS immersion. The loss of retention varied with different types of DCS and NaOCl recorded the highest retention loss. Therefore, denture cleanser selection must be guided by the type of IRO attachment.

Oral microbiota analyses of Saudi sickle cell anemics with dental caries

OBJECTIVES

The objectives of this study were to identify the composition of oral microbiota in a cohort of patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) and a high mean number of decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) and compare it to a cohort of patients with SCA and a low number of DMFT and elucidate the effect of fetal haemoglobin levels on the oral microbiota composition.

METHODS

Patients who had been diagnosed with SCA, who were homozygous for sickling β-globin mutation (β^S/β^S), who had Arab-Indian haplotype, and who ranged in age from 5 to 12 years were included in this study. Oral saliva from each participant (n = 100) was collected in GeneFiX™ Saliva DNA Microbiome Collection tube and DNA was extracted using GeneFiX™ DNA Isolation Kits. The composition of oral 16S rRNA from patients with SCA and high dental caries (n = 27, DMFT ≥5) and low dental caries (n = 73, DMFT ≤4) was analysed. Sequencing was performed on an Ion Personal Genome Machine using, Ion PGM Hi-Q view Sequencing 400-bp kit.

RESULTS

We observed an overall increase in abundance of Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Bacteroidetes in the high DMFT index group compared to those with a low DMFT index. In addition, there was an overall increased abundance of microbiota from Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes in the patients with SCA with low fetal haemoglobin compared to those with high fetal haemoglobin (P < .05). Enterobacteriaceae species were the most significant abundant species of bacteria found in both the high DMFT index group and low fetal haemoglobin cohort (P < .05).

CONCLUSIONS

Our data indicate that SCA in Saudi patients with high DMFT have a higher predominance of pathogenic bacteria compared to those with low DMFT. Furthermore, SCA in Saudi patients with low fetal haemoglobin have a higher predominance of pathogenic bacteria compared to those with higher fetal haemoglobin.

Comparison Between Human Maxillary Anterior Teeth and Commercial Acrylic Teeth: A Sex-Stratified Analysis

Objective:

The aim of this study was 1.To compare the total width of human anterior teeth from different races (White, black, and Asian) to the total width of commercially available anterior teeth molds and, 2. To compare the width and length of human central incisors (#9) from different races (White, black, and Asian) with those of commercially available central incisors (#9).

Materials and Methods:

The study consisted of 360 participants, with 60 females and 60 males in each of 3 racial groups: White, Black, and Asian. Metric measurements of natural teeth were obtained from dental casts, and those of acrylic teeth were obtained from company catalogs.

Statistical Analysis:

Data normality was determined by Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests. The Kruskal-Wallis and Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner post hoc tests were used to compare measurements across the racial groups and commercial acrylic teeth. P value of ≤ 0.05 was set as statistically significant.

Results:

The results showed significant intra- and intergroup differences between males and females and across the 3 racial groups, especially among the Black group. Significant differences were also detected between artificial and natural teeth dimensions.

Conclusion:

Although similarities exist, generally, the dimensions of commercially available artificial teeth are different than that of natural teeth in the studied populations. Overall, in both males and females, the median length of natural tooth #9 is always smaller when compared to commercially available teeth. In contrast, in both males and females, the median width of natural tooth #9 is always larger when compared to commercially available teeth, except for female Asian population. Overall, significant racial differences exist in the length, width, and total width of natural teeth compared to commercially available teeth in the Black population. However, both the white and asian population showed less significant differences when comparing the length, width, and total width of natural teeth to commercially available teeth.

Treatment of bisphosphonate induced osteonecrosis of jaw in rats using an angiogenesis factor (A-Heal) and ABMDO (Autologous Bone Marrow Derived Osteoblasts)

Background and objective

Materials and methods

Results

Conclusion

Heritability of nasal characteristics assessed using lateral cephalograms

INTRODUCTION

The midface and nasal bones have a significant influence on facial esthetics. Being able to predict the ultimate size of a growing patient's nose may influence the orthodontic treatment plan. Our study aimed to determine whether significant heritability exists between parents and children using multiple soft and hard tissue measurements of nasal dimensions.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study comprised 47 Western European families from the Forsyth Moorrees Twin Study. The lateral cephalograms of each parent and postpubertal child were evaluated using 14 cephalometric variables. The resemblance and heritability patterns were estimated from the Pearson correlation coefficient and Falconer's heritability test (ie, h² = 2 × β estimate).

RESULTS

We found significant heritability between 1 or both parents to sons, daughters, or both children for 11 measurements. Daughters were more strongly influenced by their mothers than fathers, and sons showed relatively few features strongly heritable from either parent. The nasal bone length and ANB were strongly heritable with the mother, and the nose length alone was strongly heritable with the father. In addition, 4 of the 6 measurements that were significantly heritable for daughters were horizontal measurements.

CONCLUSIONS

Many nasal dimensions are significantly heritable. However, fathers more strongly influenced their daughters than sons, but mothers and daughters shared stronger and more numerous traits than fathers and daughters. Finally, horizontal traits were significantly more heritable between parents and daughters than sons.

Analysis of nasal airway symmetry and upper airway changes after rapid maxillary expansion

INTRODUCTION

The objectives of this study were to assess the changes in right vs left nasal cavity volumes and minimum cross-sectional width, nasopharyngeal, and oropharyngeal volumes of the upper airway in response to rapid maxillary expansion (RME).

METHODS

Pretreatment and posttreatment cone-beam computed tomography scans of 28 patients with a mean age of 9.86 ± 2.43 years and 20 age- and sex-matched controls were digitized and linear, angular, and volumetric measurements were obtained.

RESULTS

Nasopharyngeal volume, right, and left nasal cavity volumes, and minimum cross-sectional widths increased significantly 2 years post RME (P <0.05). These measurements did not show any significant increase in the control group (P >0.05), whereas the oropharyngeal volume increase for both groups was comparable (P = 0.92). In the experimental group, the right and left nasal cavity volumes were not significantly different at baseline or posttreatment. However, the change that occurred was significantly larger for the left nasal cavity. This change for the control group was more significant for the right nasal cavity. Maxillary right and left molar inclinations were positively correlated to the nasal cavity volume, showing that the more buccally inclined the maxillary molars were, the smaller the nasal cavity volume.

CONCLUSIONS

Nasopharyngeal and right and left nasal cavity volumes and minimum cross-sectional widths increase significantly after RME in young children. Expansion decreases the degree of difference in volume between the right and left nasal cavities. The buccal inclination of maxillary molars is correlated with nasal cavity volume.

An Evaluation of Microbial Flora, Alkaline Phosphatase and IL-8 Levels in GCF of Orthodontic Patients with Self-Ligating and Conventional Brackets

Purpose

To compare the microbial flora, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels during orthodontic treatment with self-ligating brackets versus conventional brackets.

Patients and methods

Forty patients were included in this study and distributed equally between two groups. One group received conventional edgewise brackets while the other group received DAMON self-ligating brackets. Periodontal parameters were recorded and biochemical and microbial analyses were conducted before bonding (baseline), and 14, 30, and 45 days after bonding. Paired t-test was performed to estimate the intergroup differences from the baseline at the various time points; unpaired t-test was used for intragroup comparisons.

Results

A significantly higher prevalence of gram-negative as well as gram-positive microorganisms was found in the group with conventional brackets than that with self-ligating brackets. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels were significantly higher in the gingival crevicular fluid of the group with conventional brackets than that with self-ligating brackets.

Conclusion

The conventional bracket-ligature technique exhibited an increase in IL-8 levels, ALP activity, and microbial colonization compared with that of the self-ligature technique. Accordingly, self-ligating brackets are recommended in orthodontic patients to improve periodontal health and minimize damage outcomes of periodontal tissue interventions.

Association between incisor irregularity and coronal caries: A population-based study

INTRODUCTION

The objective of this study was to investigate the association between incisor irregularity and anterior coronal caries by means of an arch-specific analysis among the U.S. population in the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988-1994.

METHODS

This study analyzed data from 9049 participants who were surveyed from 1988 to 1994 as a part of the NHANES III. Participants with a complete set of fully erupted permanent anterior teeth in the maxillary and mandibular segments (ie, canine to canine), who completed an examination of occlusal characteristics and anterior dental caries, and who reported no previous orthodontic treatment were included in the study. Incisor irregularity per arch was determined with the use of the Little irregularity index. Anterior coronal caries per arch was defined as ≥1 surface with decayed or filled surface (CDFS ≥1). Analyses were conducted with the use of chi-square test and logistic regression modeling taking into account the complex sampling design of the survey.

RESULTS

In the maxillary arch, 25.1% of the study population had maxillary anterior coronal caries experience (CDFS ≥1), whereas only 5.5% of the study population had mandibular anterior coronal caries experience (CDFS ≥1). In both arches, no statistically significant association between incisor irregularity and anterior coronal caries experience was found.

CONCLUSIONS

Maxillary and mandibular incisor irregularity is not associated with anterior dental caries prevalence in a subset of NHANES III data that included mostly highly educated adult participants who were white, of medium socioeconomic status, and with high oral health compliance and oral self-care. Future well designed prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm these results. Clinicians are still encouraged to continue providing oral health education to their patients about the well established effect of incisor irregularity on plaque retention.

Volumetric changes of the upper airway following maxillary and mandibular advancement using cone beam computed tomography

The objective of this project was to retrospectively evaluate changes in volume of different compartments of the upper airway in response to maxillary, mandibular, and bimaxillary advancement surgeries and to predict the extent of volumetric changes associated with these surgical movements. Pre- and post-surgical cone beam computed tomography scans of 36 patients were evaluated for changes in nasal cavity, nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, and hypopharyngeal compartments. The amount of movement for each surgery was measured from skeletal landmarks to reference planes and was correlated with volumetric changes. Maxillary advancement of 4.0±2.2mm increased the oropharyngeal volume significantly (41.40%), and mandibular advancement of 3.8±1.6mm also significantly increased the oropharyngeal volume (21.17%). Bimaxillary advancement of 5.1±1.3mm for the maxilla and 6.4±3.1mm for the mandible significantly increased nasopharyngeal (27.45%), oropharyngeal (66.39%), and hypopharyngeal (52.48%) volumes. Furthermore, for every millimeter anterior movement, oropharyngeal volume increased by 2319.2±771.8mm³. Bimaxillary advancement showed a greater increase than isolated maxillary and mandibular advancement in all pharyngeal compartments. Every millimeter of advancement in the bimaxillary group led to a significant increase in oropharyngeal volume, while every millimeter downward movement showed a significant increase in nasopharyngeal volume.