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Marin-Puyalto J, Gomez-Cabello A, Gomez-Bruton A, Matute-Llorente A, Castillo-Bernad S, Lozano-Berges G, Gonzalez-Agüero A, Casajus JA, Vicente-Rodriguez G. Design of a Computer Model for the Identification of Adolescent Swimmers at Risk of Low BMD. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:3454. [PMID: 36834149 PMCID: PMC9964481 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims to elaborate a decision tree for the early detection of adolescent swimmers at risk of presenting low bone mineral density (BMD), based on easily measurable fitness and performance variables. The BMD of 78 adolescent swimmers was determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans at the hip and subtotal body. The participants also underwent physical fitness (muscular strength, speed, and cardiovascular endurance) and swimming performance assessments. A gradient-boosting machine regression tree was built to predict the BMD of the swimmers and to further develop a simpler individual decision tree. The predicted BMD was strongly correlated with the actual BMD values obtained from the DXA (r = 0.960, p < 0.001; root mean squared error = 0.034 g/cm2). According to a simple decision tree (74% classification accuracy), swimmers with a body mass index (BMI) lower than 17 kg/m2 or a handgrip strength inferior to 43 kg with the sum of both arms could be at a higher risk of having a low BMD. Easily measurable fitness variables (BMI and handgrip strength) could be used for the early detection of adolescent swimmers who are at risk of suffering from low BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Marin-Puyalto
- GENUD “Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development” Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences (FCS), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alba Gomez-Cabello
- GENUD “Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development” Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro Universitario de la Defensa, 50090 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Gomez-Bruton
- GENUD “Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development” Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences (FCSD), Universidad de Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain
| | - Angel Matute-Llorente
- GENUD “Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development” Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences (FCSD), Universidad de Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain
| | - Sergio Castillo-Bernad
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences (FCSD), Universidad de Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain
| | - Gabriel Lozano-Berges
- GENUD “Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development” Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences (FCSD), Universidad de Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain
| | - Alejandro Gonzalez-Agüero
- GENUD “Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development” Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences (FCSD), Universidad de Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain
| | - Jose A. Casajus
- GENUD “Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development” Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences (FCS), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - German Vicente-Rodriguez
- GENUD “Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development” Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences (FCSD), Universidad de Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain
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Ferrer P, Iglesia I, Muniz-Pardos B, Miguel-Berges ML, Flores-Barrantes P, Gomez-Bruton A, Moreno LA, Rodríguez G. Is it important to achieve physical activity recommendations at early stages of life to improve bone health? Osteoporos Int 2022; 33:1017-1026. [PMID: 34905063 PMCID: PMC9007798 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-021-06256-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Research in bone health during childhood is limited and important to prevent future diseases, particularly, osteoporosis. Bone parameters using DXA and pQCT in 295 Spanish children were evaluated and we found a benefit of meeting the World Health Organization physical activity recommendations in bone composition in childhood. PURPOSE To investigate the association between physical activity (PA) and bone health in a Spanish paediatric cohort, considering the influence of meeting/not meeting the current World Health Organization (WHO) PA recommendations and to elucidate if there are differences between boys and girls. METHODS In a cohort of children born in the region of Aragon (Spain) in 2009, followed until the age of 7 years, bone parameters were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (whole body scan) and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) (tibia scanned at the 8% (distal) and 38% (diaphyseal) of the total tibia length) in 295 7-year-old children (154 boys) in the last evaluation performed between 2016 and 2017. PA was assessed using GT3X Actigraph accelerometers. RESULTS Boys had significantly higher areal bone mineral density (aBMD), higher total bone mineral content (BMC) at the diaphyseal site and higher trabecular BMC and vBMD, and higher total bone area at the distal site than girls (p<0.01 for all of them). Both boys and girls complying with the WHO PA recommendations had significantly higher trabecular BMC than their inactive counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Meeting WHO PA recommendations has a beneficial effect in bone composition in childhood both in boys and in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ferrer
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - I Iglesia
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Red de Salud Materno Infantil y del Desarrollo (SAMID), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - B Muniz-Pardos
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y el Deporte, Departamento de Fisiatría y Enfermería, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, España
| | - M L Miguel-Berges
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - P Flores-Barrantes
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Gomez-Bruton
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y el Deporte, Departamento de Fisiatría y Enfermería, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, España
| | - L A Moreno
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - G Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
- Red de Salud Materno Infantil y del Desarrollo (SAMID), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Pediatría, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, España
- Hospital Clínico Universitario "Lozano Blesa", Zaragoza, España
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Sagarra-Romero L, Butragueño J, Gomez-Bruton A, Lozano-Berges G, Vicente-Rodríguez G, Morales JS. Effects of an online home-based exercise intervention on breast cancer survivors during COVID-19 lockdown: a feasibility study. Support Care Cancer 2022; 30:6287-6297. [PMID: 35471614 PMCID: PMC9039602 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-07069-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The strict lockdown implemented due the COVID-19 pandemic is generating a great impact on wellbeing and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in people with cancer. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of an online home-based exercise intervention performed during a lockdown period analysing its effects on body composition, physical fitness, and HRQoL in breast cancer survivors. Methods Fifteen women with breast cancer receiving hormonal therapy (55.5 ± 6.7 years) were included in the study. The exercise intervention consisted of two weekly sessions of remotely supervised functional training (60 min per day) and two weekly sessions of unsupervised aerobic training (20–30 min/session; 60–85% of maximum heart rate) for a total of 16 weeks. DXA absorptiometry was used for the assessment of body composition. Functional assessment included cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) by Rockport walking test, upper and lower body strength (grip strength, arm curl test, and chair stand test), walking speed (brisk walking test), and agility (8-foot up-and-go test). The HRQoL was evaluated with the QLQ-BR23 questionnaire. The adherence to the intervention was measured as the percentage of online classes attended. Results Rate of adherence for the online exercise intervention was 90 ± 17%. The exercise intervention induced significant (p < 0.05) improvements in physical fitness: CRF (+ 9%), right arm and lower limb strength (+ 10% and + 18%, respectively) and lower limbs lean mass (+ 2% and + 3.5% for left and right leg, respectively). Conclusion This feasibility study suggests that an online home-based exercise intervention during COVID-19 lockdown could improve physical fitness and body composition in breast cancer survivors even in a context of heightened concern for future health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Sagarra-Romero
- GAIAS Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Autovía A-23. Km 299. 50830, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Javier Butragueño
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Gomez-Bruton
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Ronda Misericordia 5, 22001, Huesca, Spain.,GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Agro-Alimentary Institute of Aragón-IA2-(CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.,Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBERObn), 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Gabriel Lozano-Berges
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Ronda Misericordia 5, 22001, Huesca, Spain.,GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Agro-Alimentary Institute of Aragón-IA2-(CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.,Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBERObn), 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Germán Vicente-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Ronda Misericordia 5, 22001, Huesca, Spain.,GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Agro-Alimentary Institute of Aragón-IA2-(CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.,Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBERObn), 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier S Morales
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11519, Puerto Real, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, 11009, Cádiz, Spain
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Córdoba-Rodríguez DP, Iglesia I, Gomez-Bruton A, Rodríguez G, Casajús JA, Morales-Devia H, Moreno LA. Fat-free/lean body mass in children with insulin resistance or metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:58. [PMID: 35065638 PMCID: PMC8783460 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-03041-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lean / Fat Free Body Mass (LBM) is metabolically involved in active processes such as resting energy expenditure, glucose uptake, and myokine secretion. Nonetheless, its association with insulin sensitivity / resistance / glucose tolerance and metabolic syndrome remains unclear in childhood. METHODS The current investigation aimed to examine the differences in fat-free mass /lean body mass according to the presence of insulin sensitivity/insulin resistance/glucose tolerance/metabolic syndrome in children. A systematic search was carried out in Medline/PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO, covering the period from each database's respective start to 21 June 2021. Two researchers evaluated 7111 studies according to the inclusion criteria: original human studies, written in English or Spanish, evaluating fat-free mass/lean body mass in children and adolescents including both with and without insulin sensitivity/insulin resistance /glucose tolerance and metabolic syndrome and reported the differences between them in terms of fat free mass/lean body mass. The results of the studies were combined with insulin sensitivity, insulin, resistance, glucose tolerance and metabolic syndrome. The standardized mean difference (SMD) in each study was calculated and combined using the random-effects model. Heterogeneity between studies was tested using the index of heterogeneity (I2), leave-one-out sensitivity analyses were performed, and publication bias was assessed using the Egger and Begg tests. RESULTS Finally, 15 studies which compared groups defined according to different glucose homeostasis criteria or metabolic syndrome out of 103 eligible studies were included in this systematic review and 12 studies in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed lower fat-free mass/lean body mass percentage in participants with insulin resistance/glucose tolerance/metabolic syndrome (SMD -0.47; 95% CI, - 0.62 to - 0.32) while in mass units (kg), higher values were found in the same group (SMD, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.43 to 1.60). CONCLUSIONS Our results identified lower values of fat-free mass/lean body mass (%) in children and adolescents with insulin resistance/glucose tolerance/metabolic syndrome and higher values of fat-free mass/lean body mass when these are expressed in kg. The evidence of the impact of lean mass on children's glucose homeostasis or metabolic syndrome is limited, so future studies research should focus on explaining the effect of fat-free mass/lean body mass on different metabolic outcomes. Moreover, it may be interesting to evaluate the quality (muscle density) or functional (muscle strength) outcomes in addition to both absolute (kg) and relative (%) values in future studies. The systematic review was prospectively registered at PROSPERO (registration number CRD42019124734; available at: http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero [accessed: 05 April 2019]).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iris Iglesia
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Red de Salud Materno Infantil y del Desarrollo (SAMID), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Gomez-Bruton
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerardo Rodríguez
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Red de Salud Materno Infantil y del Desarrollo (SAMID), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Pediatría, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Antonio Casajús
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hernan Morales-Devia
- Biblioteca General Alfonso Borrero Cabal, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis A. Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Red de Salud Materno Infantil y del Desarrollo (SAMID), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Córdoba-Rodríguez DP, Iglesia I, Gomez-Bruton A, Miguel-Berges ML, Flores-Barrantes P, Casajús JA, Moreno LA, Rodríguez G. Quantitative peripheral computed tomography to measure muscle area and assess lean soft tissue mass in children. Ann Hum Biol 2021; 48:93-100. [PMID: 33470135 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2021.1877352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle is one of the main components of lean soft tissue mass (LSTM). Low levels in children affect locomotion, posture, and increase the risk of metabolic syndrome. AIM (1) To evaluate the association between muscle cross-sectional area (MCSA) of the lower left leg measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) and total LSTM; namely, total left leg and left lower leg LSTM assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in a group of children, (2) to examine if MCSA is a predictor of LSTM, (3) to determine the ability of pQCT to identify children with low LSTM. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Lower left leg MCSA and LSTM were measured using pQCT and DXA, respectively, in 396 children. RESULTS Statistically significant positive correlations were found between the lower leg MCSA - total LSTM (r² = 0.789), total leg LSTM (r² = 0.79), and lower leg LSTM (r² = 0.791) (p < .01). MCSA explained 64-68% of the variance in LSTM. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves determined the capacity of the lower left leg MCSA to identify low LSTM in girls (AUC 0.95) and boys (AUC 0.87). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that lower left leg MCSA, measured using pQCT, could be a tool to predict low LSTM in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Paola Córdoba-Rodríguez
- Food, Nutrition, and Health Research Group, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, DC, Colombia
| | - Iris Iglesia
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition, and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Red de Salud Materno Infantil y del Desarrollo (SAMID), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Gomez-Bruton
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition, and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences (FCSD), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
| | - María L Miguel-Berges
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition, and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Paloma Flores-Barrantes
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition, and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Antonio Casajús
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition, and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences (FCSD), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis A Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition, and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences (FCSD), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerardo Rodríguez
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition, and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Red de Salud Materno Infantil y del Desarrollo (SAMID), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Pediatría, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Bergua P, Montero-Marin J, Gomez-Bruton A, Casajús JA. The finger flexors occlusion threshold in sport-climbers: an exploratory study on its indirect approximation. Eur J Sport Sci 2020; 21:1234-1242. [PMID: 32962556 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1827047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Blood flow partially determines specific climbing endurance (SCE) as it mediates oxygen bio-availability in the finger flexors. Blood flow is related to occlusion threshold (OT), which is defined as the contraction intensity at which intramuscular pressure exceeds perfusion blood pressure resulting in the cessation of local blood flow. The OT is represented as an inflection point on a force-time graph when isometric force is registered and applied through maximal and continuous tests. Endurance time (ET) to exhaustion is influenced by the relative isometric applied force and is different for each climber. The aim of this study was to explore whether an approximation of the finger flexoŕs OT in sport climbers through records of ET to exhaustion at different isometric relative intensities was possible. We measured maximum finger hang ETs at 6 intensities ranging from 85% to 35% maximal force in 34 sport climbers of advanced and elite level. The values obtained were analysed by two different methods in an attempt to determine a change in the shape of the curve in the intensity-ET relationship graphs that approximated the OT for each climber. The results suggest that the finger flexoŕs OT could be different among climbers, regardless of their strength and ability level. The presented methods do not accurately reflect the OT, but could indicate the intensity at which blood flow is restored in the active muscles. This is the first study to indirectly approximate the finger flexors OT in sport-climbers, a parameter that could be essential to assess SCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Bergua
- Post-doctoral researcher in Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain
| | - Jesús Montero-Marin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Alejandro Gomez-Bruton
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) research group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain
| | - José A Casajús
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) research group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Faculty of Health sciences, Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Gomez-Bruton A, Navarrete-Villanueva D, Pérez-Gómez J, Vila-Maldonado S, Gesteiro E, Gusi N, Villa-Vicente JG, Espino L, Gonzalez-Gross M, Casajus JA, Ara I, Gomez-Cabello A, Vicente-Rodríguez G. The effects of Age, Organized Physical Activity and Sedentarism on Fitness in Older Adults: An 8-Year Longitudinal Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17124312. [PMID: 32560257 PMCID: PMC7345727 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The aims of the present study were (1) to describe the changes in physical fitness during an 8 year follow-up in a large sample of Spanish adults aged 65 or over that are initially engaged in organized physical activity (OPA), (2) to compare fitness changes according to different age groups (65 to 69 vs. 70 to 74 vs. ≥75 years-old), (3) to evaluate the independent and combined effects of changes in OPA engagement and sitting time (ST) on physical fitness. A total of 642 (147 males) non-institutionalized over 65 years-old participants completed the EXERNET battery fitness tests and completed a validated questionnaire from which information regarding OPA and ST were collected. All participants completed evaluations in 2008–2009 and in 2016–2017. An impairment of fitness-related variables happens after 65 years of age in both males and females, with the older participants (≥75), showing the largest decreases. Males who continued performing OPA demonstrated lower decreases in balance, leg flexibility and agility when compared to those who stopped performing OPA during the follow-up. Females who continued performing OPA demonstrated lower decreases of all variables except for balance when compared to those who stopped performing OPA during the follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gomez-Bruton
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (D.N.-V.); (J.A.C.); (A.G.-C.); (G.V.-R.)
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, 22002 Huesca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Red española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, EXERNET, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (E.G.); (I.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - David Navarrete-Villanueva
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (D.N.-V.); (J.A.C.); (A.G.-C.); (G.V.-R.)
- Red española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, EXERNET, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (E.G.); (I.A.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences (FCS), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jorge Pérez-Gómez
- HEME Research Group, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain;
| | - Sara Vila-Maldonado
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain;
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Eva Gesteiro
- Red española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, EXERNET, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (E.G.); (I.A.)
- ImFine Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Narcis Gusi
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- International Institute for Aging, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
- Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | | | - Luis Espino
- Unit of Sport Medicine, Cabildo of Gran Canaria, 35002 Gran Canaria, Spain;
| | - Marcela Gonzalez-Gross
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Red española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, EXERNET, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (E.G.); (I.A.)
- ImFine Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose A. Casajus
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (D.N.-V.); (J.A.C.); (A.G.-C.); (G.V.-R.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Red española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, EXERNET, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (E.G.); (I.A.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences (FCS), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ara
- Red española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, EXERNET, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (E.G.); (I.A.)
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain;
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Alba Gomez-Cabello
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (D.N.-V.); (J.A.C.); (A.G.-C.); (G.V.-R.)
- Red española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, EXERNET, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (E.G.); (I.A.)
- Centro Universitario de la Defensa, 50090 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - German Vicente-Rodríguez
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (D.N.-V.); (J.A.C.); (A.G.-C.); (G.V.-R.)
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, 22002 Huesca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Red española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, EXERNET, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (E.G.); (I.A.)
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8
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Marin-Puyalto J, Gomez-Cabello A, Gonzalez-Aguero A, Matute-Llorente A, Gomez-Bruton A, Jürimäe J, Casajus JA, Vicente-Rodriguez G. Effects of whole-body vibration training on bone density and turnover markers in adolescent swimmers. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2020; 33:623-630. [PMID: 32229668 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2019-0400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Whole-body vibration training has recently been proposed as a complementary training modality to improve the bone health of adolescent swimmers. However, there is no longitudinal study regarding the effects of this training combination on bone metabolism. Therefore, the main goal was to analyze the effects of swimming and vibration training on bone turnover markers during adolescence. Methods The present study included 68 adolescent swimmers and 41 normoactive controls (CON). Swimmers were randomly selected to either continue with their regular swimming training (SWI) or participate in an additional vibration protocol (VIB). Anthropometric measurements and serum level determinations of osteocalcin (OC), procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) and C-terminal telopeptide crosslaps (CTX) were performed before and after the 6-month intervention. Results Statistically significant group by time interactions were found for both bone formation markers. VIB showed a decrease over time in OC (baseline: 101.4 μg/mL, follow-up: 82.8 μg/mL, p < 0.05) and P1NP (baseline: 528.4 μg/mL, follow-up: 389.0 μg/mL, p < 0.05) and SWI had analogous reductions in P1NP (baseline: 685.8 μg/mL, follow-up: 542.0 μg/mL, p < 0.05), whereas CON experienced an increase in OC levels (baseline: 94.4 μg/mL, follow-up: 103.4 μg/mL, p < 0.05). After stratifying the sample according to the pubertal status, similar interactions were observed. Conclusions The combination of swimming training and this particular vibration protocol led to a decrease in bone formation markers, especially during early puberty. Whole-body vibration might not induce an osteogenic stimulus in adolescent swimmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Marin-Puyalto
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Huesca, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,EXERNET Red de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud Para Poblaciones Especiales, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Gomez-Cabello
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,EXERNET Red de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud Para Poblaciones Especiales, Madrid, Spain.,Centro Universitario de la Defensa, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza - CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alejandro Gonzalez-Aguero
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Huesca, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,EXERNET Red de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud Para Poblaciones Especiales, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza - CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Angel Matute-Llorente
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Huesca, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,EXERNET Red de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud Para Poblaciones Especiales, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza - CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alejandro Gomez-Bruton
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Huesca, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,EXERNET Red de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud Para Poblaciones Especiales, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaak Jürimäe
- Institute of Sport Pedagogy and Coaching Sciences, Centre of Behavioral, Social and Health Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jose Antonio Casajus
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Huesca, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,EXERNET Red de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud Para Poblaciones Especiales, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza - CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - German Vicente-Rodriguez
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Huesca, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,EXERNET Red de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud Para Poblaciones Especiales, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza - CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
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9
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Muniz-Pardos B, Gomez-Bruton A, Matute-Llorente A, Gonzalez-Aguero A, Gomez-Cabello A, Gonzalo-Skok O, Casajus JA, Vicente-Rodriguez G. Nonspecific Resistance Training and Swimming Performance: Strength or Power? A Systematic Review. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 36:1162-1170. [PMID: 32149877 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Muniz-Pardos, B, Gomez-Bruton, A, Matute-Llorente, A, Gonzalez-Aguero, A, Gomez-Cabello, A, Gonzalo-Skok, O, Casajus, JA, and Vicente-Rodriguez, G. Nonspecific resistance training and swimming performance: Strength or power? A systematic review. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the type of nonspecific resistance intervention that is more effective to enhance swimming performance and to determine the nonspecific strength- or power-related variable that better predicts swimming performance. A search was conducted on PubMed, Cochrane Plus, and SportDiscus up to June 2018. Studies were distributed into 4 categories: dry-land strength (DLS), dry-land power (DLP), combination of training methods, and strength and power in start performance. From 1,844 citations, 33 met the inclusion criteria. Cross-sectional DLS studies showed positive associations between swimming performance and DLS development (especially through upper-body isometric assessments), although the efficacy of DLS training interventions remains unclear. Dry-land power training (principally through plyometrics) was a proficient, nonspecific method to enhance swimming block start performance (SBS; the start phase off the block and during the first 5-15 m), and jump assessment was the best predictor of SBS. Some pioneering nonspecific practices such as the acute exposure to high altitude or the maintenance of a high core temperature during the transition phase before competition seem to improve performance, although more research is required to confirm their efficacy. Further high-quality intervention studies are required to clarify the effect of DLP training on sprint swimming performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Muniz-Pardos
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alejandro Gomez-Bruton
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain.,The AgriFood Institute of Aragon -IA2- (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health and Sports Science, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Angel Matute-Llorente
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain.,The AgriFood Institute of Aragon -IA2- (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health and Sports Science, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alejandro Gonzalez-Aguero
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain.,The AgriFood Institute of Aragon -IA2- (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health and Sports Science, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alba Gomez-Cabello
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain.,The AgriFood Institute of Aragon -IA2- (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health and Sports Science, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Defense University Center, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Jose A Casajus
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain.,The AgriFood Institute of Aragon -IA2- (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain.,Faculty of Health Sciences (FCS), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - German Vicente-Rodriguez
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain.,The AgriFood Institute of Aragon -IA2- (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health and Sports Science, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Muniz-Pardos B, Gomez-Bruton A, Matute-Llorente A, Gonzalez-Aguero A, Gomez-Cabello A, Gonzalo-Skok O, Casajus JA, Vicente-Rodriguez G. Swim-Specific Resistance Training: A Systematic Review. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33:2875-2881. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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11
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Gomez-Bruton A, Gabel L, Nettlefold L, Macdonald H, Race D, McKay H. Estimation of Peak Muscle Power From a Countermovement Vertical Jump in Children and Adolescents. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33:390-398. [PMID: 28570492 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Gomez-Bruton, A, Gabel, L, Nettlefold, L, Macdonald, H, Race, D, and McKay, H. Estimation of peak muscle power from a countermovement vertical jump in children and adolescents. J Strength Cond Res 33(2): 390-398, 2019-Several equations to predict muscle power (MP) from vertical jump height (VJH) have been developed in adults. However, few have been derived in children. We therefore aimed to: (a) evaluate the validity of existing MP estimation equations from a vertical countermovement jump (CMJ) in children and adolescents and (b) develop and validate a new MP estimation equation for use in children and adolescents. We measured peak MP (in watts) and VJH (in centimeters) during a CMJ using a force platform in 249 children and adolescents (9-17 years; 119 boys and 130 girls). We compared actual (force platform) with predicted (12 existing prediction equations) MP using repeated-measures analysis of variance and estimated bias using modified Bland-Altman plots. We developed a new prediction equation using stepwise linear regression, assessed predictive error using leave-one-out and 10-fold cross-validation, and externally validated the equation in an independent sample (n = 100). All existing prediction equations demonstrated some degree of bias, either systematic bias (mean differences ranging 178-1,377 W; 8-64%) or bias at the extremes or interactions with sex. Our new prediction equation estimates MP from VJH and body mass: Power (W) = 54.2 × VJH (cm) + 34.4 × body mass (kg) - 1,520.4. With this new equation, there was no difference between actual and predicted MP (0%) and negligible differences (0.2-0.9%) in R and root mean square error between our observed and cross-validated sets. Actual and predicted MP were not different in our external validation (p = 0.12). The new equation demonstrates excellent validity and can be used to predict MP from a CMJ in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gomez-Bruton
- GENUD Research Group, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Leigh Gabel
- Department of Orthopedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Center for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lindsay Nettlefold
- Center for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Heather Macdonald
- Center for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Douglas Race
- Center for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Heather McKay
- Department of Orthopedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Center for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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12
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Gomez-Bruton A, Gonzalez-Aguero A, Matute-Llorente A, Lozano-Berges G, Gomez-Cabello A, Moreno LA, Casajus JA, Vicente-Rodríguez G. The muscle-bone unit in adolescent swimmers. Osteoporos Int 2019; 30:1079-1088. [PMID: 30729250 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-019-04857-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Most researchers adjust bone by lean mass when comparing swimmers with controls. This adjustment is done under the assumption that lean affects bone similarly in both groups. Nonetheless, we found that the muscle-bone association is uncoupled in swimmers, and consequently, researchers should avoid this adjustment when evaluating swimmers' bone. INTRODUCTION To examine the functional and structural muscle-bone unit in adolescent swimmers. METHODS Sixty-five swimmers (34 girls/31 boys) and 119 controls (51 girls/68 boys) participated in the study. Muscle cross-sectional area (MCSA), bone mineral content (BMC), and polar strength-strain index (SSIPOL) were measured in the non-dominant radius by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). Subtotal BMC and lean mass were evaluated with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Handgrip and isometric knee extension (IKE) tests were performed to determine muscle force. The effect of MCSA, lean and force on SSIPOL, and BMC were tested, and the functional and structural muscle-bone ratios of swimmers and controls were compared. RESULTS Both muscle size (MCSA and lean) and muscle force (handgrip and IKE) influenced BMC and SSIPOL in swimmers and controls similarly. Swimmers presented normal MCSA and lean values for their height, but when compared with controls, swimmers presented a higher amount of lean and MCSA for the same BMC or SSIPOL (structural muscle-bone unit). For the functional muscle-bone unit, different results were found for the lower and upper limbs, as no differences were found for the upper limbs, while for the lower limbs, swimmers presented higher muscle force for the same amount of BMC. CONCLUSIONS The contradictory results regarding BMC in swimmers found in previous studies could partly be explained with the findings of the present study that reinforce the idea that swimming is not an effective sport to practice regarding bone mass and that the muscle-bone unit is different in swimmers than in controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gomez-Bruton
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
- EXERNET red de investigación en ejercicio físico y salud para poblaciones especiales, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, Ronda Misericordia 5, 22001, Huesca, Spain
| | - A Gonzalez-Aguero
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
- EXERNET red de investigación en ejercicio físico y salud para poblaciones especiales, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, Ronda Misericordia 5, 22001, Huesca, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Matute-Llorente
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
- EXERNET red de investigación en ejercicio físico y salud para poblaciones especiales, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, Ronda Misericordia 5, 22001, Huesca, Spain
| | - G Lozano-Berges
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
- EXERNET red de investigación en ejercicio físico y salud para poblaciones especiales, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, Ronda Misericordia 5, 22001, Huesca, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Gomez-Cabello
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
- EXERNET red de investigación en ejercicio físico y salud para poblaciones especiales, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Universitario de la Defensa, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - L A Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Health Science (FCS), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J A Casajus
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
- EXERNET red de investigación en ejercicio físico y salud para poblaciones especiales, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Health Science (FCS), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - G Vicente-Rodríguez
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain.
- EXERNET red de investigación en ejercicio físico y salud para poblaciones especiales, Madrid, Spain.
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, Ronda Misericordia 5, 22001, Huesca, Spain.
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain.
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Marin-Puyalto J, Gomez-Cabello A, Gonzalez-Agüero A, Gomez-Bruton A, Matute-Llorente A, Casajús JA, Vicente-Rodríguez G. Is Vibration Training Good for Your Bones? An Overview of Systematic Reviews. Biomed Res Int 2018; 2018:5178284. [PMID: 30519579 PMCID: PMC6241242 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5178284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Whole-body vibration (WBV) intervention studies and reviews have been increasing lately. However, the results regarding its effects on bone tissue in different populations are still inconclusive. The goal of this overview was to summarize systematic reviews assessing the effects of WBV training on bone parameters. Three electronic databases were scanned for systematic reviews and meta-analyses evaluating the effects of WBV on bone tissue. The search had no time restrictions and was limited to articles written in English. Vibration protocols and the main bone parameters included in each review were extracted. Methodological quality was assessed and analyses were conducted stratifying by age. 17 reviews and meta-analyses fulfilled the inclusion criteria. No increase or small improvements in bone mineral density (BMD) after WBV interventions were observed in reviews regarding postmenopausal women. One intervention study regarding young adults was included and reported no bone-related benefits from WBV. Most reviews including children and adolescents with compromised bone mass showed an improvement of BMD at lower limbs, lumbar spine, and whole body. In conclusion, WBV interventions seem to help children and adolescents with compromised bone mass to increase their BMD, but these improvements are limited in postmenopausal women and there is insufficient evidence for young adults. Further research is also needed to identify the ideal parameters of WBV training focused on bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Marin-Puyalto
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing. Universidad de Zaragoza, Ronda Misericordia 5, 22001 Huesca, Spain
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
- EXERNET Red de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud para Poblaciones Especiales, Spain
| | - Alba Gomez-Cabello
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
- EXERNET Red de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud para Poblaciones Especiales, Spain
- Centro Universitario de la Defensa, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Spain
| | - Alejandro Gonzalez-Agüero
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing. Universidad de Zaragoza, Ronda Misericordia 5, 22001 Huesca, Spain
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
- EXERNET Red de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud para Poblaciones Especiales, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Spain
| | - Alejandro Gomez-Bruton
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing. Universidad de Zaragoza, Ronda Misericordia 5, 22001 Huesca, Spain
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
- EXERNET Red de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud para Poblaciones Especiales, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Spain
| | - Angel Matute-Llorente
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing. Universidad de Zaragoza, Ronda Misericordia 5, 22001 Huesca, Spain
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
- EXERNET Red de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud para Poblaciones Especiales, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Spain
| | - Jose A. Casajús
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing. Universidad de Zaragoza, Ronda Misericordia 5, 22001 Huesca, Spain
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
- EXERNET Red de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud para Poblaciones Especiales, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Spain
| | - German Vicente-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing. Universidad de Zaragoza, Ronda Misericordia 5, 22001 Huesca, Spain
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
- EXERNET Red de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud para Poblaciones Especiales, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Spain
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Bergua P, Montero-Marin J, Gomez-Bruton A, Casajús JA. Hanging ability in climbing: an approach by finger hangs on adjusted depth edges in advanced and elite sport climbers. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2018.1486115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Bergua
- Post-doctoral researcher in Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús Montero-Marin
- Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network (RedIAPP), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alejandro Gomez-Bruton
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research group, Zaragoza, Spain
- Universidad Isabel I, Burgos, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn)
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, EXERNET (Exercise and health research network), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Casajús
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research group, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn)
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, EXERNET (Exercise and health research network), Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Gomez-Bruton A, Gonzalez-Aguero A, Matute-Llorente A, Gomez-Cabello A, Casajus JA, Vicente-Rodríguez G. Longitudinal effects of swimming on bone in adolescents: a pQCT and DXA study. Biol Sport 2017; 34:361-370. [PMID: 29472739 PMCID: PMC5819466 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2017.69824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of the present study were, firstly, to evaluate areal bone mineral density (aBMD), bone strength and structure during a swimming season and compare them to those of normo-active controls (CG), and secondly to ascertain whether practising an additional weight-bearing sport other than swimming might improve bone. Twenty-three swimmers who only swam (SWI-PURE; 14 males, 9 females), 11 swimmers who combined swimming with an additional weight-bearing sport (SWI-SPORT; 8 males, 3 females) and 28 controls (CG; 16 males, 12 females) participated in the present study. aBMD was assessed with dual energy X-ray (DXA). Bone mass, area, structure and strength of the non-dominant tibia and radius were measured with peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). Measurements were performed at the beginning of the swimming season and 8 months later. The only difference among groups for DXA and pQCT variables was found for arm aBMD, which was higher in the SWI-SPORT than in the CG group at both pre- and post-evaluation. Group by time interactions (GxT) were found for trochanter aBMD when comparing SWI-SPORT to CG and SWI-SPORT to SWI-PURE, favouring in both cases SWI-SPORT. No GxT were found for the radius. For the tibia, GxT were found between SWI-SPORT and CG and between SWI-PURE and CG, in both cases favouring the swimmers. A season of swimming does not confer any additional benefits to aBMD, but may confer minor benefits to structure and mass. Complementing swimming with a weight-bearing activity is beneficial to bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gomez-Bruton
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Ronda Misericordia 5, 22001-Huesca, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2-(Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn)
| | - Alejandro Gonzalez-Aguero
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Ronda Misericordia 5, 22001-Huesca, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2-(Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn)
| | - Angel Matute-Llorente
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Ronda Misericordia 5, 22001-Huesca, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2-(Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn)
| | - Alba Gomez-Cabello
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro Universitario de la Defensa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose A Casajus
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Ronda Misericordia 5, 22001-Huesca, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2-(Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn)
| | - German Vicente-Rodríguez
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Ronda Misericordia 5, 22001-Huesca, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2-(Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn)
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Gomez-Bruton A, Montero-Marín J, González-Agüero A, Gómez-Cabello A, García-Campayo J, Moreno LA, Casajús JA, Vicente-Rodríguez G. Swimming and peak bone mineral density: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sports Sci 2017; 36:365-377. [PMID: 28394711 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1307440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This meta-analysis aims to determine the effects of regular swimming on bone mineral density (BMD) in young adults (18-30 years). A systematic search was performed in Pubmed, SPORTDiscus and the Cochrane Library from the earliest possible year to March 2016. Swimmers were compared to non-athletic controls (CG) and to high-impact athletes (HIGH). Effect sizes with the Hedges g in random effects models were developed. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analyses. Swimmers presented similar BMD values to CG in whole-body (g = -0.20; P = 0.251), femoral neck (g = -0.05; P = 0.818) and lumbar spine (g = 0.18; P = 0.492); and lower BMD in the whole-body (g = -1.21; P < 0.001), femoral neck (g = -1.51; P < 0.001) and lumbar spine (g = -0.84; P = 0.017) than the HIGH. For the whole-body differences, the higher the latitude the smaller the differences between swimmers and HIGH (B = 0.10; P = 0.001). For the femoral neck differences, age also seemed to reduce the differences between groups (B = 0.19; P = 0.020). Young adult swimmers present similar BMD values than CG and lower values than HIGH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gomez-Bruton
- a Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing , Universidad de Zaragoza , Huesca , Spain.,b GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group , Zaragoza , Spain.,c Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisología de la Obesidad y Nutrición , Madrid , Spain
| | - Jesús Montero-Marín
- a Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing , Universidad de Zaragoza , Huesca , Spain.,d redIAPP Reseach Network , Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Alejandro González-Agüero
- a Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing , Universidad de Zaragoza , Huesca , Spain.,b GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group , Zaragoza , Spain.,c Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisología de la Obesidad y Nutrición , Madrid , Spain
| | - Alba Gómez-Cabello
- b GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group , Zaragoza , Spain.,c Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisología de la Obesidad y Nutrición , Madrid , Spain.,e Centro Universitario de la Defensa , Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Javier García-Campayo
- d redIAPP Reseach Network , Zaragoza , Spain.,f Miguel Servet University Hospital , Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Luis A Moreno
- b GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group , Zaragoza , Spain.,c Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisología de la Obesidad y Nutrición , Madrid , Spain.,g Faculty of Health Science (FCS) , Universidad de Zaragoza , Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Jose A Casajús
- a Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing , Universidad de Zaragoza , Huesca , Spain.,b GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group , Zaragoza , Spain.,c Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisología de la Obesidad y Nutrición , Madrid , Spain
| | - Germán Vicente-Rodríguez
- a Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing , Universidad de Zaragoza , Huesca , Spain.,b GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group , Zaragoza , Spain.,c Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisología de la Obesidad y Nutrición , Madrid , Spain
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Gomez-Bruton A, Matute-Llorente A, Pardos-Mainer E, Gonzalez-Aguero A, Gomez-Cabello A, Casajus JA, Vicente-Rodriguez G. Factors affecting children and adolescents 50 meter performance in freestyle swimming. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2016; 56:1439-1447. [PMID: 26398204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated which factors influence performance in a short distance swimming test (50-meters) in adolescent swimmers. METHODS Freestyle 50-meter personal best time (PBT) was registered for 67 swimmers (14.3±2.2 y; 46 males). Handgrip (HG), standing broad jump (SBJ), isometric knee-extension (KE), time to run 30 meters (V30m), maximal estimated oxygen-consumption (VO2max), swimming-technique (CTE), height, weight, fat mass, body fat percentage (BF%) and fat-free mass (FFM) were measured. Variables that presented correlation with PBT were further examined using multiple linear regressions. RESULTS PBT was correlated with SBJ, VO2max, HG, KE, CTE, Weight, Height, FFM, BF% and swimming hours per week (SHW). Multiple linear regressions showed that PBT was associated to Height, V30m, CTE and SBJ. Sex and age did not modify these associations. CONCLUSIONS PBT was found to be mainly associated with height, an anthropometric variable. SBJ and V30m, both fitness-related variables, highly influenced by muscle fiber type were also predictors, suggesting that for short distances physiological factors might be determinant to performance. Age modified predictive values suggesting that this is also a key factor to performance, and thus competitions during adolescence should be organized according to year of birth rather than by age category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gomez-Bruton
- GENUD Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain
| | - Angel Matute-Llorente
- GENUD Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Gonzalez-Aguero
- GENUD Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain
| | - Alba Gomez-Cabello
- GENUD Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro Universitario de la Defensa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose A Casajus
- GENUD Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain
| | - German Vicente-Rodriguez
- GENUD Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain -
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain
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Gonzalez-Aguero A, Matute-Llorente A, Lozano-Berges G, Gomez-Bruton A, Gomez-Cabello A, Vicente-Rodriguez G, Casajus JA. Influence of Boot Sole Type on Bone Mass Accretion in Female Adolescent Soccer Players. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000488031.75635.5b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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