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Bohin N, Keeley TM, Carulli AJ, Walker EM, Carlson EA, Gao J, Aifantis I, Siebel CW, Rajala MW, Myers MG, Jones JC, Brindley CD, Dempsey PJ, Samuelson LC. Rapid Crypt Cell Remodeling Regenerates the Intestinal Stem Cell Niche after Notch Inhibition. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:156-170. [PMID: 32531190 PMCID: PMC7363878 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal crypts have great capacity for repair and regeneration after intestinal stem cell (ISC) injury. Here, we define the cellular remodeling process resulting from ISC niche interruption by transient Notch pathway inhibition in adult mice. Although ISCs were retained, lineage tracing demonstrated a marked reduction in ISC function after Notch disruption. Surprisingly, Notch ligand-expressing Paneth cells were rapidly lost by apoptotic cell death. The ISC-Paneth cell changes were followed by a regenerative response, characterized by expansion of cells expressing Notch ligands Dll1 and Dll4, enhanced Notch signaling, and a proliferative surge. Lineage tracing and organoid studies showed that Dll1-expressing cells were activated to function as multipotential progenitors, generating both absorptive and secretory cells and replenishing the vacant Paneth cell pool. Our analysis uncovered a dynamic, multicellular remodeling response to acute Notch inhibition to repair the niche and restore homeostasis. Notably, this crypt regenerative response did not require ISC loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Bohin
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Theresa M Keeley
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alexis J Carulli
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Emily M Walker
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Carlson
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Iannis Aifantis
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Christian W Siebel
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Michael W Rajala
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Martin G Myers
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jennifer C Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Medical School, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Constance D Brindley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Medical School, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Peter J Dempsey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Medical School, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Linda C Samuelson
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Bohin N, Keeley TM, Carulli AJ, Carlson EA, Gao J, Aifantis I, Rajala MW, Myers MG, Jones JC, Brindley CD, Dempsey PJ, Samuelson LC. Rapid crypt cell remodeling regenerates the intestinal stem cell niche after stem cell loss induced by Notch inhibition. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.612.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Bohin
- Molecular & Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
- Cellular and Molecular Biology ProgramUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
| | | | | | | | - Jie Gao
- Department of PathologyNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNY
| | - Iannis Aifantis
- Department of PathologyNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNY
| | | | - Martin G. Myers
- Molecular & Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
- Cellular and Molecular Biology ProgramUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
- Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
| | - Jennifer C. Jones
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCO
| | | | - Peter J. Dempsey
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCO
| | - Linda C. Samuelson
- Molecular & Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
- Cellular and Molecular Biology ProgramUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
- Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
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Demitrack ES, Gifford GB, Keeley TM, Carulli AJ, VanDussen KL, Thomas D, Giordano TJ, Liu Z, Kopan R, Samuelson LC. Notch signaling regulates gastric antral LGR5 stem cell function. EMBO J 2015; 34:2522-36. [PMID: 26271103 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201490583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The major signaling pathways regulating gastric stem cells are unknown. Here we report that Notch signaling is essential for homeostasis of LGR5(+) antral stem cells. Pathway inhibition reduced proliferation of gastric stem and progenitor cells, while activation increased proliferation. Notch dysregulation also altered differentiation, with inhibition inducing mucous and endocrine cell differentiation while activation reduced differentiation. Analysis of gastric organoids demonstrated that Notch signaling was intrinsic to the epithelium and regulated growth. Furthermore, in vivo Notch manipulation affected the efficiency of organoid initiation from glands and single Lgr5-GFP stem cells, suggesting regulation of stem cell function. Strikingly, constitutive Notch activation in LGR5(+) stem cells induced tissue expansion via antral gland fission. Lineage tracing using a multi-colored reporter demonstrated that Notch-activated stem cells rapidly generate monoclonal glands, suggesting a competitive advantage over unmanipulated stem cells. Notch activation was associated with increased mTOR signaling, and mTORC1 inhibition normalized NICD-induced increases in proliferation and gland fission. Chronic Notch activation induced undifferentiated, hyper-proliferative polyps, suggesting that aberrant activation of Notch in gastric stem cells may contribute to gastric tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise S Demitrack
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gail B Gifford
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Theresa M Keeley
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alexis J Carulli
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kelli L VanDussen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dafydd Thomas
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thomas J Giordano
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zhenyi Liu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Raphael Kopan
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Linda C Samuelson
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Abstract
The definition, regulation and function of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) has been hotly debated. Recent discoveries have started to clarify the nature of ISCs, but many questions remain. This review discusses the current advances and controversies of ISC biology as well as theoretical compartmental models that have been coupled with in vivo experimentation to investigate the mechanisms of ISC dynamics during homeostasis, tumorigenesis, repair and development. We conclude our review by discussing the key lingering questions in the field and proposing how many of these questions can be addressed using both compartmental models and experimental techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis J. Carulli
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
| | - Linda C. Samuelson
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
| | - Santiago Schnell
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
- Department for Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis J. Carulli
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Tran IT, Sandy AR, Carulli AJ, Ebens C, Chung J, Shan GT, Radojcic V, Friedman A, Gridley T, Shelton A, Reddy P, Samuelson LC, Yan M, Siebel CW, Maillard I. Blockade of individual Notch ligands and receptors controls graft-versus-host disease. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:1590-604. [PMID: 23454750 DOI: 10.1172/jci65477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is the main complication of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Current strategies to control GVHD rely on global immunosuppression. These strategies are incompletely effective and decrease the anticancer activity of the allogeneic graft. We previously identified Notch signaling in T cells as a new therapeutic target for preventing GVHD. Notch-deprived T cells showed markedly decreased production of inflammatory cytokines, but normal in vivo proliferation, increased accumulation of regulatory T cells, and preserved anticancer effects. Here, we report that γ-secretase inhibitors can block all Notch signals in alloreactive T cells, but lead to severe on-target intestinal toxicity. Using newly developed humanized antibodies and conditional genetic models, we demonstrate that Notch1/Notch2 receptors and the Notch ligands Delta-like1/4 mediate all the effects of Notch signaling in T cells during GVHD, with dominant roles for Notch1 and Delta-like4. Notch1 inhibition controlled GVHD, but led to treatment-limiting toxicity. In contrast, Delta-like1/4 inhibition blocked GVHD without limiting adverse effects while preserving substantial anticancer activity. Transient blockade in the peritransplant period provided durable protection. These findings open new perspectives for selective and safe targeting of individual Notch pathway components in GVHD and other T cell-mediated human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy T Tran
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Samuelson LC, VanDussen KL, Carulli AJ, Keeley TM, Smith J. Notch signaling regulates proliferation and differentiation of the intestinal crypt base columnar (CBC) stem cell. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.1160.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda C Samuelson
- Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
| | - Kelli L VanDussen
- Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
| | - Alexis J Carulli
- Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
| | - Theresa M Keeley
- Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
| | - Julie Smith
- Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
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VanDussen KL, Carulli AJ, Keeley TM, Patel SR, Puthoff BJ, Magness ST, Tran IT, Maillard I, Siebel C, Kolterud Å, Grosse AS, Gumucio DL, Ernst SA, Tsai YH, Dempsey PJ, Samuelson LC. Notch signaling modulates proliferation and differentiation of intestinal crypt base columnar stem cells. Development 2011; 139:488-97. [PMID: 22190634 DOI: 10.1242/dev.070763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 396] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling is known to regulate the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem and progenitor cells; however, direct cellular targets and specific functions of Notch signals had not been identified. We show here in mice that Notch directly targets the crypt base columnar (CBC) cell to maintain stem cell activity. Notch inhibition induced rapid CBC cell loss, with reduced proliferation, apoptotic cell death and reduced efficiency of organoid initiation. Furthermore, expression of the CBC stem cell-specific marker Olfm4 was directly dependent on Notch signaling, with transcription activated through RBP-Jκ binding sites in the promoter. Notch inhibition also led to precocious differentiation of epithelial progenitors into secretory cell types, including large numbers of cells that expressed both Paneth and goblet cell markers. Analysis of Notch function in Atoh1-deficient intestine demonstrated that the cellular changes were dependent on Atoh1, whereas Notch regulation of Olfm4 gene expression was Atoh1 independent. Our findings suggest that Notch targets distinct progenitor cell populations to maintain adult intestinal stem cells and to regulate cell fate choice to control epithelial cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli L VanDussen
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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