Association of Different ABO and Rh Blood Groups with the Erythroprotective Effect of Extracts from Navicula incerta and Their Anti-Inflammatory and Antiproliferative Properties

Previous studies have reported that different blood groups are associated with the risk of chronic degenerative diseases that mainly involve inflammation and neoplastic processes. We investigate the relationship between blood groups and the erythroprotective effect of extracts from Navicula incerta against oxidative damage as a proposal to develop drugs designed for people with a specific blood type related to chronic pathology. The study was carried out through the elucidation of the erythroprotective potential, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activity of Navicula incerta. Research suggests that the presence or absence of certain blood groups increases or decreases the abilities of certain phytochemicals to inhibit oxidative stress, which is related to the systemic inflammatory response involved in the development of different types of cancer. The pigment-rich extracts from Navicula incerta inhibit ROO•- induced oxidative stress in human erythrocytes on the A RhD+ve antigen without compromising the structure of the cell membrane. This result is very important, since the A antigen is related to the susceptibility of contracting prostate cancer. Similarly, it was possible to inhibit the proliferation of cervical (HeLa) and prostate (PC-3) carcinoma. The combinatorial analysis of different biological activities can help design phytochemicals as new candidates for preventive drugs treating the chronic degenerative diseases associated with a specific blood group.

Sulfated polysaccharide-rich extract from <i>Navicula incerta</i>: physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant activity, and anti-hemolytic property

<abstract> <p>A sulfated polysaccharide from <italic>Navicula incerta</italic> (SPNi) was extracted, and its physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant activity, and anti-hemolytic property were investigated. The polysaccharide yield was 4.8% (SPNi weight/biomass dry weight). Glucose, galactose, mannose, and xylose were the primary sugars. The sulfate content and <italic>Mw</italic> values were 0.46% and 45 kDa, respectively. The FT-IR spectrum showed characteristic bands at 3276,1079,1255, and 820 cm⁻¹, related to -OH, C-O-C, S=O, and C-O-S stretching vibration. The ¹H-NMR analysis revealed signals of anomeric protons, indicating the presence of CH₂-O and CH-O groups. SPNi registered ferric-reducing antioxidant power (up to 1.47 µmol TE/g) and 54% anti-radical activity on ABTS⁺. This polysaccharide registered 90% hemolysis inhibition achieving integrity of the erythrocyte membrane. The results indicate that SPNi could be a candidate for biotechnology applications where antioxidant activity and hemolysis inhibition are required.</p> </abstract>

Optimization of growing conditions for pigments production from microalga Navicula incerta using response surface methodology and its antioxidant capacity

Navicula incerta is a marine microalga distributed in Baja California, México, commonly used in aquaculture nutrition, and has been extended to human food, biomedical, and pharmaceutical industries due to its high biological activity. Therefore, the study aimed to optimize culture conditions to produce antioxidant pigments. A central composite experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to analyze the best culture conditions. The medium (nitrogen-deficient concentrations), salinity (PSU = Practical Salinity Unity [g/kg]), age of culture (days), and solvent extraction (ethanol, methanol, and acetone) were the factors used for the experiment. Chlorophyll a (Chl a) and total carotenoids (T-Car), determined spectroscopically, were used as the response variables. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated by DPPH^• and ABTS^•+ radical inhibition, FRAP, and anti-hemolytic activity. According to the overlay plots, the optimum growth conditions for Chl a and T-Car production were the following conditions: medium = 0.44 mol·L^-1 of NaNO₃, salinity = 40 PSU, age of culture: 3.5 days, and solvent = methanol. The pigment extracts obtained in these optimized conditions had high antioxidant activity in ABTS^•+ (86.2-92.1% of inhibition) and anti-hemolytic activity (81.8-96.7% of hemolysis inhibition). Low inhibition (33-35%) was observed in DPPH^•. The highest value of FRAP (766.03 ± 16.62 μmol TE/g) was observed in the acetonic extract. The results demonstrated that RSM could obtain an extract with high antioxidant capacity with potential applications in the biomedical and pharmaceutical industry, which encourages the use of natural resources for chemoprevention of chronic-degenerative pathologies.

Legume Proteins as a Promising Source of Anti-Inflammatory Peptides

Legume proteins are precursors of bioactive components, such as peptides. In the present paper, different types of legume as sources of bioactive peptides and hydrolysates are considered and discussed based on their anti-inflammatory effect. Peptides with anti-inflammatory activity were included from in vitro and in vivo studies. Current strategies for obtaining bioactive peptides, as well as their structure and impact on health, were also reviewed. It was discovered that peptides derived from legume protein, mainly soybean and bean, can regulate several inflammatory markers, which include prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX- 2), cytokines, and chemokines. So far, lunasin, VPY and γ-glutamyl peptides have been identified with anti-inflammatory activity but their mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Furthermore, it is necessary to gather more information about hydrolysates containing peptides and single peptides with antiinflammatory activity. Considering the wide diversity, legume may be promising components to produce peptides efficient to ameliorate inflammatory disorders.