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Karimani A, Ramezani N, Afkhami Goli A, Nazem Shirazi MH, Nourani H, Jafari AM. Subchronic neurotoxicity of diazinon in albino mice: Impact of oxidative stress, AChE activity, and gene expression disturbances in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus on mood, spatial learning, and memory function. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1280-1288. [PMID: 34277358 PMCID: PMC8261896 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Diazinon (DZN) with prominent neurotoxic effects perturbs CNS function via multiple mechanisms. This investigation intends to explore mood, spatial learning, and memory dysfunction, acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity, and neurodegeneration-related gene expression in the cortex and hippocampus regions of mice exposed to DZN for 63 consecutive days (subchronic exposure). Adult male albino mice were orally given sublethal DZN (DZNL = 0.1 mg/kg, DZNM = 1 mg/kg and DZNH = 10 mg/kg). All mice in the DZNH group died within 3 weeks postexposure. DZNL and DZNM caused body and brain weight loss (p < 0.05). Completing 9 weeks of DZN exposure, a marked decline in AChE activity and oxidative stress level was indicated in both brain regions (p < 0.05). Also, synaptophysin, vesicular acetylcholine transferase, and glutamate decarboxylase gene expressions were affected in both brain regions (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the present study revealed that DZN administration increased anxiety and depressive-like behaviors (p < 0.0001). Spatial learning and short- and long-memory were severely affected by DZNL and DZNM treatments (p < 0.0001). Taken together, subchronic exposure to low and medium doses of DZN can cause AChE inhibition, oxidative damage, and neurotransmitter disturbances in brain cells and induce neurodegeneration. These changes would impair mood, spatial learning, and memory function.
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Key Words
- AChE, acetylcholine esterase
- AD, Alzheimer’s disease
- Ach, acetylcholine
- COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2
- CX, cerebral cortex
- Cerebral cortex
- DZN, diazinon
- DZO, diazoxon
- Diazinon
- FRAP, ferric reducing antioxidant power
- FST, forced swim test
- GABA, ϒ-aminobutyric acid
- GAD65, glutamate decarboxylase 65
- HP, hippocampus
- Hippocampus
- LD50, lethal dose 50
- MB, marble burying test
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- MWM, Morris water maze test
- Memory
- NOAEL, no-observed-adverse-effect level
- Neurodegenerative diseases
- Ops, organophosphates
- PD, Parkinson’s disease
- RNS, reactive nitrogen species
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SEM, standard error of the mean
- SYP, synaptophysin
- Spatial learning
- VAChT, vesicular acetylcholine transferase
- qRT-PCR, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Asieh Karimani
- Department of Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nasrin Ramezani
- Department of Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Afkhami Goli
- Department of Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Hosein Nourani
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Moghaddam Jafari
- Department of Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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González-Vega RI, Cárdenas-López JL, López-Elías JA, Ruiz-Cruz S, Reyes-Díaz A, Perez-Perez LM, Cinco-Moroyoqui FJ, Robles-Zepeda RE, Borboa-Flores J, Del-Toro-Sánchez CL. Optimization of growing conditions for pigments production from microalga Navicula incerta using response surface methodology and its antioxidant capacity. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 28:1401-1416. [PMID: 33613070 PMCID: PMC7878836 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Navicula incerta is a marine microalga distributed in Baja California, México, commonly used in aquaculture nutrition, and has been extended to human food, biomedical, and pharmaceutical industries due to its high biological activity. Therefore, the study aimed to optimize culture conditions to produce antioxidant pigments. A central composite experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to analyze the best culture conditions. The medium (nitrogen-deficient concentrations), salinity (PSU = Practical Salinity Unity [g/kg]), age of culture (days), and solvent extraction (ethanol, methanol, and acetone) were the factors used for the experiment. Chlorophyll a (Chl a) and total carotenoids (T-Car), determined spectroscopically, were used as the response variables. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated by DPPH• and ABTS•+ radical inhibition, FRAP, and anti-hemolytic activity. According to the overlay plots, the optimum growth conditions for Chl a and T-Car production were the following conditions: medium = 0.44 mol·L-1 of NaNO3, salinity = 40 PSU, age of culture: 3.5 days, and solvent = methanol. The pigment extracts obtained in these optimized conditions had high antioxidant activity in ABTS•+ (86.2-92.1% of inhibition) and anti-hemolytic activity (81.8-96.7% of hemolysis inhibition). Low inhibition (33-35%) was observed in DPPH•. The highest value of FRAP (766.03 ± 16.62 μmol TE/g) was observed in the acetonic extract. The results demonstrated that RSM could obtain an extract with high antioxidant capacity with potential applications in the biomedical and pharmaceutical industry, which encourages the use of natural resources for chemoprevention of chronic-degenerative pathologies.
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Key Words
- AAPH, (2,2′-azobis-[2-methylpropionamidine])
- ABTS, 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazolin)-6-sulfonic acid
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- AOAC, Association of Official Analytical Chemists
- AOX, antioxidant
- Antioxidant capacity
- CCD, central composite design
- CICECE, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada
- CL, crude lipid
- CP, crude protein
- Chemoprevention
- Chl a, chlorophyll a
- DOE, design of experiment
- DPPH, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
- EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic
- FRAP, ferric reducing antioxidant power
- HAT, hydrogen atom transfer
- IC50, Concentration mean inhibitory
- Navicula incerta
- Optimization
- PSU, salinity expressed as practical salinity unity (g/kg)
- Pigment production
- RBC, red blood cells
- RSM, response surface methodology
- Response surface methodology
- SET, single electron transfer
- T-Car, total carotenoids
- TE, trolox equivalent
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Luis Cárdenas-López
- Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales SN, Centro, 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - José Antonio López-Elías
- Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales SN, Centro, 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Saúl Ruiz-Cruz
- Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 5 de Febrero 818 Sur, Centro, 85000 Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Aline Reyes-Díaz
- Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales SN, Centro, 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Jesús Borboa-Flores
- Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales SN, Centro, 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
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Aati H, El-Gamal A, Kayser O. Chemical composition and biological activity of the essential oil from the root of Jatropha pelargoniifolia Courb. native to Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharm J 2019; 27:88-95. [PMID: 30662311 PMCID: PMC6323148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical composition of the essential oil from Jatropha pelargoniifolia roots was determined via GC-FID. There were 80 compounds, representing 99.99% of the total oil constituents. Among these, 77.31% were sesquiterpenes, 14.62% were fatty acids, 7.21% were other components (i.e., phenolics, hydrocarbons, etc.), and 0.85% were monoterpenes. The major compounds in the oil were γ-eudesmol (35.31%), 5-guaien-11-ol (14.43%), epi-cedrol (8.19%), oleic acid (5.23%), bulnesol (4.45%), α-linoleic acid (4.20%), 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid (3.83%), palmitic acid (2.69%), isolongifolanone (2.68%), eicosane (1.41%), and cedrol (1.14%). Oxygenated sesquiterpenes were found to represent more than 50% percent of the total oil content. Moreover, the essential oil was evaluated for anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antipyretic, and antinociceptive activities using in vivo and in vitro models. Additionally, the antioxidant potential of the oil was evaluated using various in vitro antioxidant tests, including DPPH•, ABTS•+ and FRAP. At a dose of 240 µl/kg, the oil showed anti-inflammatory (59.12%), antipyretic (37.00 ± 0.11), and antinociceptive (47.58%) activities and showed significant (p < 0.001) effect as compared to a standard drug (phenylbutazone and indomethacin). These findings demonstrated that the essential oil of Jatropha pelargoniifolia root could be used as a natural source for their anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antipyretic, and antioxidant effects.
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Key Words
- ABTS, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)
- Anti-inflammatory activity
- Antinociceptive activity
- Antioxidant activity
- Antipyretic activity
- DPPH, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
- Essential oil
- Euphorbiaceae
- FRAP, ferric reducing antioxidant power
- GC-FID, gas chromatography-flame ionization detector
- Jatropha pelargoniifolia
- RI, retention indices
- Rt, retention time
- TCA, trichloroacetic acid
- b.w., body weight
- i.p., intraperitoneal
- s.c, subcutaneous
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Aati
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali El-Gamal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, El-Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Oliver Kayser
- TU Dortmund University, Technical Biochemistry, Emil-Figge-Strasse 66, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
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Tzounakas VL, Kriebardis AG, Georgatzakou HT, Foudoulaki-Paparizos LE, Dzieciatkowska M, Wither MJ, Nemkov T, Hansen KC, Papassideri IS, D'Alessandro A, Antonelou MH. Data on how several physiological parameters of stored red blood cells are similar in glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient and sufficient donors. Data Brief 2016; 8:618-27. [PMID: 27437434 PMCID: PMC4939423 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This article contains data on the variation in several physiological parameters of red blood cells (RBCs) donated by eligible glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficient donors during storage in standard blood bank conditions compared to control, G6PD sufficient (G6PD+) cells. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cell fragility and membrane exovesiculation were measured in RBCs throughout the storage period, with or without stimulation by oxidants, supplementation of N-acetylcysteine and energy depletion, following incubation of stored cells for 24 h at 37 °C. Apart from cell characteristics, the total or uric acid-dependent antioxidant capacity of the supernatant in addition to extracellular potassium concentration was determined in RBC units. Finally, procoagulant activity and protein carbonylation levels were measured in the microparticles population. Further information can be found in “Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient subjects may be better “storers” than donors of red blood cells” [1].
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Key Words
- AnnV, annexin V
- CPD, citrate-phosphate-dextrose
- Cell fragility
- FRAP, ferric reducing antioxidant power
- FSC, forward scatter
- G6PD deficiency
- G6PD, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
- G6PD−, G6PD deficiency
- Hb, hemoglobin
- Hct, hematocrit
- K+, potassium
- MCF, mean corpuscular fragility
- MFI, mechanical fragility index
- MP, micoparticles, microvesicles
- MPPA, microparticles pro-coagulant activity
- Microparticles
- NAC, N-acetylcysteine
- NS, non-stored
- Oxidative stress
- PBS, phosphate buffer saline
- PCI, protein carbonylation index
- PS, phosphatidylserine
- RBC, red blood cell
- RFU, relative fluorescence units
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Red blood cell storage lesion
- SAGM, saline-adenine-glucose-mannitol
- SSC, side scatter
- TAC, total antioxidant capacity
- UA-dep AC, uric acid dependent antioxidant capacity
- UA-ind AC, uric acid independent antioxidant capacity
- tBHP, tert-Butyl hydroperoxide
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilis L Tzounakas
- Department of Biology, Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, School of Science, NKUA, Athens 15784, Greece
| | - Anastasios G Kriebardis
- Laboratory of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Medical Laboratories, Faculty of Health and Caring Professions, Technological and Educational Institute of Athens, Athens 12210, Greece
| | - Hara T Georgatzakou
- Department of Biology, Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, School of Science, NKUA, Athens 15784, Greece
| | | | - Monika Dzieciatkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, School of Medicine-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, 80045 CO, USA
| | - Matthew J Wither
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, School of Medicine-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, 80045 CO, USA
| | - Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, School of Medicine-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, 80045 CO, USA
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, School of Medicine-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, 80045 CO, USA
| | - Issidora S Papassideri
- Department of Biology, Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, School of Science, NKUA, Athens 15784, Greece
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, School of Medicine-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, 80045 CO, USA
| | - Marianna H Antonelou
- Department of Biology, Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, School of Science, NKUA, Athens 15784, Greece
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Moukette Moukette B, Constant Anatole P, Nya Biapa CP, Njimou JR, Ngogang JY. Free radicals quenching potential, protective properties against oxidative mediated ion toxicity and HPLC phenolic profile of a Cameroonian spice: Piper guineensis. Toxicol Rep 2015; 2:792-805. [PMID: 28962415 PMCID: PMC5598232 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerations on antioxidants derived from plants have continuously increased during this decade because of their beneficial effects on human health. In the present study we investigated the free radical scavenging properties of extracts from Piper guineense (P. guineense) and their inhibitory potentials against oxidative mediated ion toxicity. The free radical quenching properties of the extracts against [1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS•), hydroxyl radical (HO•), nitric oxide (NO•)] radical and their antioxidant potentials by FRAP and phosphomolybdenum were determined as well as their protective properties on liver enzymes. The phenolic profile was also investigated by HPLC. The results obtained, revealed that the extracts significantly inhibited the DPPH, NO, HO and ABTS radicals in a concentration depending manner. They also showed a significant ferrous ion chelating ability through FRAP and phosphomolybdenum antioxidant potential. Their polyphenol contents varied depending on the type of extracts and the solvent used. The hydroethanolic extracts (FFH) and the ethanolic extracts (FFE) of P. guineense leaves showed the higher level of phenolic compounds respectively of 21.62 ± 0.06 mg caffeic acid/g dried extract (CAE/g DE) and 19.01 ± 0.03 CAE/g DE. The HPLC phenolic compounds profile revealed a higher quantity of Eugenol, quercetin, rutin and catechin in the stem than in the leaves. The presence of these molecules could be responsible of the protective potentials of P. guineense extracts against lipid peroxidation and SOD, catalase and peroxidase. In conclusion, P. guineense extracts demonstrated significant antioxidant property and may be used as a prospective protector against metal related toxicity.
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Key Words
- 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine (PubChem CID: 74358)
- 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (PubChem CID: 77519615)
- ABTS, 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline)-6-sulphonic acid
- Antioxidant
- Apigenin (PubChem CID: 5280443)
- Ascorbic acid (PubChem CID: 54670067)
- BHT, butylated hydroxytoluene
- Caffeic acid (PubChem CID: 689043)
- DPPH, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical
- Eugenol
- Eugenol (PubChem CID: 3314)
- FRAP, ferric reducing ability of plasma
- FRAP, ferric reducing antioxidant power
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- HPLC
- Ion toxicity
- Lipid peroxidation
- MDA, malonaldialdehyde
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- O-coumaric acid
- P-coumaric acid (PubChem CID: 637542)
- P. guineense
- Quercetin (PubChem CID: 5280343)
- RNS, reactive nitrogen species
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Rutin (PubChem CID: 5280805)
- Syringic acid (PubChem CID: 10742)
- TBA, thiobarbituric acid
- Theobromine (PubChem CID: 5429)
- Tyrosol (PubChem CID: 10393)
- Vit C, vitamine C
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Moukette Moukette
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 1364, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Pieme Constant Anatole
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 1364, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Cabral Prosper Nya Biapa
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Jacques Romain Njimou
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jeanne Yonkeu Ngogang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 1364, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Ghosh S, Bhattacharyya S, Rashid K, Sil PC. Curcumin protects rat liver from streptozotocin-induced diabetic pathophysiology by counteracting reactive oxygen species and inhibiting the activation of p53 and MAPKs mediated stress response pathways. Toxicol Rep 2015; 2:365-376. [PMID: 28962370 PMCID: PMC5598222 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (CUR) is a highly pleiotropic molecule and possesses anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, antioxidative, wound-healing and antimicrobial activities. The present study was carried out to investigate whether CUR plays any beneficial role in streptozotocin (STZ) induced hepatic pathophysiology in diabetic rats. STZ exposure increased hepatic damage associated serum markers (ALT, ALP and LDH) as well as NO production in the liver tissue. Moreover, the same exposure enhanced ROS generation and lipid peroxidation; reduced GSH levels and antioxidant enzyme activities. Hyperglycemia induced hepatic pathophysiology also activated stress response pathways (involving phosphorylation of p38, ERK1/2 MAPKs and p53) and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential which in turn led to cellular apoptosis as evidenced from increased hepatic DNA fragmentation as well as FACS analysis. However, treatment with CUR effectively counteracts diabetes-induced, oxidative stress mediated hepatic damage and could act as a therapeutic in lessening liver dysfunction in diabetic subjects.
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Key Words
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- Antioxidant
- Apoptosis
- CAT, catalase
- Curcumin
- Diabetes
- ERK1/2, extracellular signal regulated kinases 1/2
- FRAP, ferric reducing antioxidant power
- GPx, glutathione peroxidase
- GR, glutathione reductase
- GSH, glutathione
- GSSG, glutathione disulphide
- GST, glutathione S-transferase
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- Liver
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinases
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- NAPQI, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine
- PSA, prostate-specific antigen
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Reactive oxygen species
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- STZ, streptozotocin
- Streptozotocin
- TPTZ, 2,4,6-tripyridyl-s-triazine
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Parames C. Sil
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India
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