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Kargar B, Fazeli M, Sobhani Z, Hosseinzadeh S, Solhjoo A, Akbarizadeh AR. Exploration of the photothermal role of curcumin-loaded targeted carbon nanotubes as a potential therapy for melanoma cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10117. [PMID: 38698033 PMCID: PMC11066107 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57612-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In this research, the hydrophilic structure of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was modified by synthesizing polycitric acid (PCA) and attaching folic acid (FA) to create MWCNT-PCA-FA. This modified nanocomplex was utilized as a carrier for the lipophilic compound curcumin (Cur). Characterization techniques including TGA, TEM, and UV-visible spectrophotometry were used to analyze the nanocomplex. The mechanism of cancer cell death induced by MWCNT-PCA-FA was studied extensively using the MTT assay, colony formation analysis, cell cycle assessment via flow cytometry, and apoptosis studies. Furthermore, we assessed the antitumor efficacy of these targeted nanocomplexes following exposure to laser radiation. The results showed that the nanocomposites and free Cur had significant toxicity on melanoma cancer cells (B16F10 cells) while having minimal impact on normal cells (NHDF cells). This selectivity for cancerous cells demonstrates the potential of these compounds as therapeutic agents. Furthermore, MWCNT-PCA-FA/Cur showed superior cytotoxicity compared to free Cur alone. Colony formation studies confirmed these results. The researchers found that MWCNT-FA-PCA/Cur effectively induced programmed cell death. In photothermal analysis, MWCNT-PCA-FA/Cur combined with laser treatment achieved the highest mortality rate. These promising results suggest that this multifunctional therapeutic nanoplatform holds the potential for combination cancer therapies that utilize various established therapeutic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Kargar
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Fazeli
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Zahra Sobhani
- Department of Drug and Food Control, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Saeid Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aida Solhjoo
- Department of Drug and Food Control, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amin Reza Akbarizadeh
- Department of Drug and Food Control, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Dehghankhold M, Ahmadi F, Nezafat N, Abedi M, Iranpour P, Dehghanian A, Koohi-Hosseinabadi O, Akbarizadeh AR, Sobhani Z. A versatile theranostic magnetic polydopamine iron oxide NIR laser-responsive nanosystem containing doxorubicin for chemo-photothermal therapy of melanoma. Biomater Adv 2024; 159:213797. [PMID: 38368693 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Theranostics nanoparticles (NPs) have recently received much attention in cancer imaging and treatment. This study aimed to develop a multifunctional nanosystem for the targeted delivery of photothermal and chemotherapy agents. Fe3O4 NPs were modified with polydopamine, bovine serum albumin, and loaded with DOX via a thermal-cleavable Azo linker (Fe3O4@PDA@BSA-DOX). The size of Fe3O4@PDA@BSA NPs was approximately 98 nm under the desired conditions. Because of the ability of Fe3O4 and PDA to convert light into heat, the temperature of Fe3O4@PDA@BSA NPs increased to approximately 47 °C within 10 min when exposed to an 808 nm NIR laser with a power density of 1.5 W/cm2. The heat generated by the NIR laser leads to the breaking of AZO linker and drug release. In vivo and in vitro results demonstrated that prepared NPs under laser irradiation successfully eradicated tumor cells without any significant toxicity effect. Moreover, the Fe3O4@PDA@BSA NPs exhibited the potential to function as a contrasting agent. These NPs could accumulate in tumors with the help of an external magnet, resulting in a significant enhancement in the quality of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The prepared novel multifunctional NPs seem to be an efficient system for imaging and combination therapy in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahvash Dehghankhold
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Student Research committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ahmadi
- Research Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Navid Nezafat
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Abedi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pooya Iranpour
- Medical Imaging Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amirreza Dehghanian
- Molecular Pathology and Cytogenetics Division, Department of Pathology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Amin Reza Akbarizadeh
- Drug and Food Control Department, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Sobhani
- Research Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Drug and Food Control Department, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Asadi K, Samiraninezhad N, Akbarizadeh AR, Amini A, Gholami A. Stimuli-responsive hydrogel based on natural polymers for breast cancer. Front Chem 2024; 12:1325204. [PMID: 38304867 PMCID: PMC10830687 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1325204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women in both high- and low-resource settings. Conventional breast cancer therapies were inefficient and had low patient compliance. Stimuli-responsive hydrogels possessing similar physicochemical features as soft tissue facilitate diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for breast cancer subtypes. Scope: Polysaccharides and polypeptides are major natural polymers with unique biocompatibility, biodegradability, and feasible modification approaches utilized frequently for hydrogel fabrication. Alternating the natural polymer-based hydrogel properties in response to external stimuli such as pH, temperature, light, ultrasonic, enzyme, glucose, magnetic, redox, and electric have provided great potential for the evolution of novel drug delivery systems (DDSs) and various advanced technologies in medical applications. Stimuli-responsive hydrogels are triggered by specific cancer tissue features, promote target delivery techniques, and modify release therapeutic agents at localized sites. This narrative review presented innovation in preparing and characterizing the most common stimuli-responsive natural polymer-based hydrogels for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in the breast cancer area. Conclusion: Stimuli-responsive hydrogels display bioinspiration products as DDSs for breast cancer subtypes, protect the shape of breast tissue, provide modified drug release, enhance therapeutic efficacy, and minimize chemotherapy agents' side effects. The potential benefits of smart natural polymer-based hydrogels make them an exciting area of practice for breast cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khatereh Asadi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Science and Technology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Amin Reza Akbarizadeh
- Department of Quality Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Amini
- Abdullah Al Salem University (AASU), College of Engineering and Energy, Khaldiya, Kuwait
- Centre for Infrastructure Engineering, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Ahmad Gholami
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Science and Technology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Fatehi R, Rashedinia M, Akbarizadeh AR, Zamani M, Firouzabadi N. Metformin enhances anti-cancer properties of resveratrol in MCF-7 breast cancer cells via induction of apoptosis, autophagy and alteration in cell cycle distribution. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 644:130-139. [PMID: 36641965 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the fifth leading cause of death, worldwide affecting both genders. Accumulating evidence suggests that metformin, an oral hypoglycemic agent used in the management of type 2 diabetes, exerts anti-tumor effects in many cancers, including the breast cancer. Resveratrol, a natural product found abundantly in many fruits, exhibits marked cytotoxic and pro-oxidant effects. This study was designed to investigate the effect of metformin in combination with resveratrol and cisplatin in MCF-7 cells. Study groups were as follows: untreated control group, single treatment groups (metformin, resveratrol, and cisplatin), double treatment groups (metformin + resveratrol, metformin + cisplatin, and cisplatin + resveratrol) and triple treatment groups (metformin + resveratrol + cisplatin). Our results indicated that metformin inhibits proliferation of MCF-7 cells, an effect that was associated with ROS production and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, but not apoptosis. Moreover, resveratrol suppressed the proliferation of MCF-7 cells by induction of apoptosis as well as cell cycle arrest. Notably, a significant inhibitory effect in the co-treatment of metformin, resveratrol, and cisplatin was observed which was attributed to induction of autophagy-mediated cell death and apoptosis along cell cycle arrest. In conclusion, our results advocate the anti-cancer properties of metformin and resveratrol on MCF-7 cell s via induction of cell cycle arrest. Additionally, synergistic anti-cancer effects of metformin in a triple combination with cisplatin and resveratrol was attributed to induction of autophagy-mediated cell death and apoptosis along cell cycle arrest. Based on our findings it is proposed that patients may benefit from addition of a drug with a safe profile to conventional anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reihaneh Fatehi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Rashedinia
- Food and Supplements Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amin Reza Akbarizadeh
- Department of Quality Control, Food and Drug, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mozhdeh Zamani
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Firouzabadi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Farjadian F, Akbarizadeh AR, Tayebi L. Synthesis of novel reducing agent for formation of metronidazole-capped silver nanoparticle and evaluating antibacterial efficiency in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04747. [PMID: 32913906 PMCID: PMC7472853 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a new type of silver nanoparticles capped with metronidazolium based ionic liquid is synthesized. By this aim, metronidazole is altered to ionic-liquid type structure with citrate counter ion as reducing agent. The produced reducing agent was characterized using 1HNMR and 13CNMR and FT-IR. The capability of metronidazolium-based reducing agent in formation and capping silver nanoparticles was examined in a chemical reaction. More specifically, synthesized silver nanoparticles were synthesized and capped with metronidazolium-citrate based ionic liquid, while the formation of particles in 48 h was monitored by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed the presence of capping agents around silver nanoparticles. The amount of metronidazolium and citrate as capping agents was determined by thermal gravimetric analysis. The prepared crystalline structure of silver nanoparticles was proved by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. PSA analysis and TEM was performed to determine the size of particles. The synthesized silver nanoparticle has the potential to be used as an antibacterial agent in preparation of wound dressing with extra capability and efficacy in aerobic and anaerobic bacterium. In this regard, the antibacterial efficacy of discs from different concentration of silver nanoparticles in calcium alginate medium were evaluated in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Farjadian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Corresponding author.
| | - Amin Reza Akbarizadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, USA
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Nejabat M, Soltanzadeh K, Yasemi M, Daneshamouz S, Akbarizadeh AR, Heydari M. Efficacy of Honey-based Ophthalmic Formulation in Patients with Corneal Ulcer: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2020; 18:457-462. [PMID: 32056528 DOI: 10.2174/1570163817666200214113055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of honey-based ophthalmic drop in patients with foreign body induced corneal ulcer. BACKGROUND Honey is traditionally used for skin, mucosal and corneal ulcers. Its use is well studied in human skin and mucosal ulcers and animal model of corneal ulcer with promising effects. METHODS In this randomized clinical trial, 50 patients with foreign body induced corneal ulcer were allocated to receive 70% sterile honey-based ophthalmic formulation or 0.3% ophthalmic ciprofloxacin, as the standard treatment every 6 hours. All the patients were examined for the size of corneal epithelial defect, corneal infiltration and depth and followed on a daily basis until complete healing. Duration for complete healing was considered as the outcome measure. Smear, culture, antibiogram and minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) tests were performed for honey and ciprofloxacin in all patients. RESULTS The average durations of complete healing of corneal epithelial defect in the honey and ciprofloxacin groups were 3.88 ± 3.44 vs. 6.32 ± 3.69days, respectively (p=0.020). No significant difference was observed between two groups regarding an average duration of healing of corneal infiltration (8.12 ±1.94 days vs. 8.64±2.15 days, p=0.375). MIC of honey for pseudomonas aeruginosa was 60%w/w, for E.Coli 40% w/w, and for staphylococcus aureus 30% w/w. CONCLUSION Honey based ophthalmic drop can acceleratethe corneal epithelial defect healing in patients with foreign body induced corneal ulcer, compared to ophthalmic ciprofloxacin as a standard treatment. The study was registered in Iranian registry of clinical trial center (IRCT) with registration number IRCT2015020120892N1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Nejabat
- Poostchi Eye Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kazem Soltanzadeh
- Poostchi Eye Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoud Yasemi
- Poostchi Eye Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeid Daneshamouz
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amin Reza Akbarizadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Heydari
- Poostchi Eye Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Zargaran A, Sakhteman A, Faridi P, Daneshamouz S, Akbarizadeh AR, Borhani-Haghighi A, Mohagheghzadeh A. Reformulation of Traditional Chamomile Oil: Quality Controls and Fingerprint Presentation Based on Cluster Analysis of Attenuated Total Reflectance-Infrared Spectral Data. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2017; 22:707-714. [PMID: 28585466 PMCID: PMC5871287 DOI: 10.1177/2156587217710982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbal oils have been widely used in Iran as medicinal compounds dating back to thousands of years in Iran. Chamomile oil is widely used as an example of traditional oil. We remade chamomile oils and tried to modify it with current knowledge and facilities. Six types of oil (traditional and modified) were prepared. Microbial limit tests and physicochemical tests were performed on them. Also, principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and partial least squares discriminant analysis were done on the spectral data of attenuated total reflectance-infrared in order to obtain insight based on classification pattern of the samples. The results show that we can use modified versions of the chamomile oils (modified Clevenger-type apparatus method and microwave method) with the same content of traditional ones and with less microbial contaminations and better physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Zargaran
- 1 Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center and Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,2 Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sakhteman
- 3 Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pouya Faridi
- 1 Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center and Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,4 Research Office for the History of Persian Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeid Daneshamouz
- 5 Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amin Reza Akbarizadeh
- 5 Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Afshin Borhani-Haghighi
- 6 Clinical Neurology Research Center and Department of Neurology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abdolali Mohagheghzadeh
- 1 Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center and Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Asiaei E, Farshad M, Abdollahi M, Jamshidzadeh A, Akbarizadeh AR, Soltanzadeh MA. Antioxidant and Protective Effects of Angipars™, a New Herbal Drug, on Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress in HepG2 and A549 Cell Lines. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2016. [DOI: 10.17795/jjnpp-42944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Mohammadi-Bardbori A, Akbarizadeh AR, Delju F, Rannug A. Chromatin remodeling by curcumin alters endogenous aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 252:19-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Kargar M, Akbarizadeh AR. Prevalence and molecular genotyping of group a rotaviruses in Iranian children. Indian J Virol 2012; 23:24-8. [PMID: 23729998 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-012-0070-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Rotavirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in worldwide young children. Effective vaccines to prevent rotavirus infection are currently available, although their clinical use is still limited, and rotavirus still causes many episodes of infantile gastroenteritis, mainly during the winter season. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of rotavirus infection in children aged <5-years-old who were hospitalised for gastroenteritis. One hundred and sixty-three stool samples from hospitalised children (<5-years-old) complicated with severe diarrhoea, in two hospitals in Jahrom City, Iran were collected from 2009 to 2010. Antigenic prevalence of rotavirus group A was distinguished by enzyme immunoassay. The antigen of group A rotavirus was diagnosed by EIA in 75 of 163 collected samples. The genotype of EIA-positive samples was determined by nested RT-PCR. The frequency of rotavirus genotypes G1, G2, G3, G4 and G9 was 17.33, 13.34, 2.67, 30.66 and 2.67 %, respectively. Also, the frequency of mixed and non-typable genotypes was detected in 2.67 and 30.66 %, respectively. G1/G8 mixed infection was the first of these rotavirus genotypes to be reported in Iran. Detection of high prevalence of group A rotavirus infection in hospitalised children with diarrhoea, and determination of circulating rotavirus genotypes in this region of Iran, provide useful data for formulating effective vaccines; especially for infants less than 5-years-old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Kargar
- Department of Microbiology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran
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