1
|
Knisbacher BA, Lin Z, Hahn CK, Nadeu F, Duran-Ferrer M, Stevenson KE, Tausch E, Delgado J, Barbera-Mourelle A, Taylor-Weiner A, Bousquets-Muñoz P, Diaz-Navarro A, Dunford A, Anand S, Kretzmer H, Gutierrez-Abril J, López-Tamargo S, Fernandes SM, Sun C, Sivina M, Rassenti LZ, Schneider C, Li S, Parida L, Meissner A, Aguet F, Burger JA, Wiestner A, Kipps TJ, Brown JR, Hallek M, Stewart C, Neuberg DS, Martín-Subero JI, Puente XS, Stilgenbauer S, Wu CJ, Campo E, Getz G. Molecular map of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and its impact on outcome. Nat Genet 2022; 54:1664-1674. [PMID: 35927489 PMCID: PMC10084830 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01140-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in cancer characterization have consistently revealed marked heterogeneity, impeding the completion of integrated molecular and clinical maps for each malignancy. Here, we focus on chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), a B cell neoplasm with variable natural history that is conventionally categorized into two subtypes distinguished by extent of somatic mutations in the heavy-chain variable region of immunoglobulin genes (IGHV). To build the 'CLL map,' we integrated genomic, transcriptomic and epigenomic data from 1,148 patients. We identified 202 candidate genetic drivers of CLL (109 new) and refined the characterization of IGHV subtypes, which revealed distinct genomic landscapes and leukemogenic trajectories. Discovery of new gene expression subtypes further subcategorized this neoplasm and proved to be independent prognostic factors. Clinical outcomes were associated with a combination of genetic, epigenetic and gene expression features, further advancing our prognostic paradigm. Overall, this work reveals fresh insights into CLL oncogenesis and prognostication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ziao Lin
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cynthia K Hahn
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ferran Nadeu
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Martí Duran-Ferrer
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Eugen Tausch
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Julio Delgado
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Barbera-Mourelle
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Pablo Bousquets-Muñoz
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ander Diaz-Navarro
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | | | - Helene Kretzmer
- Department of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jesus Gutierrez-Abril
- Computational Oncology Service, Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sara López-Tamargo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Stacey M Fernandes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clare Sun
- Laboratory of Lymphoid Malignancies, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mariela Sivina
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laura Z Rassenti
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Shuqiang Li
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Translational Immunogenomics Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Alexander Meissner
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Jan A Burger
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Adrian Wiestner
- Laboratory of Lymphoid Malignancies, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas J Kipps
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer R Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Hallek
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne, Germany
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf and German CLL Study Group, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Chip Stewart
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Donna S Neuberg
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - José I Martín-Subero
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Fonaments Clinics, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xose S Puente
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Catherine J Wu
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Elias Campo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Fonaments Clinics, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Hematopathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gad Getz
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nadeu F, Royo R, Massoni-Badosa R, Playa-Albinyana H, Garcia-Torre B, Duran-Ferrer M, Dawson KJ, Kulis M, Diaz-Navarro A, Villamor N, Melero JL, Chapaprieta V, Dueso-Barroso A, Delgado J, Moia R, Ruiz-Gil S, Marchese D, Giró A, Verdaguer-Dot N, Romo M, Clot G, Rozman M, Frigola G, Rivas-Delgado A, Baumann T, Alcoceba M, González M, Climent F, Abrisqueta P, Castellví J, Bosch F, Aymerich M, Enjuanes A, Ruiz-Gaspà S, López-Guillermo A, Jares P, Beà S, Capella-Gutierrez S, Gelpí JL, López-Bigas N, Torrents D, Campbell PJ, Gut I, Rossi D, Gaidano G, Puente XS, Garcia-Roves PM, Colomer D, Heyn H, Maura F, Martín-Subero JI, Campo E. Detection of early seeding of Richter transformation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Nat Med 2022; 28:1662-1671. [PMID: 35953718 PMCID: PMC9388377 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01927-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Richter transformation (RT) is a paradigmatic evolution of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) into a very aggressive large B cell lymphoma conferring a dismal prognosis. The mechanisms driving RT remain largely unknown. We characterized the whole genome, epigenome and transcriptome, combined with single-cell DNA/RNA-sequencing analyses and functional experiments, of 19 cases of CLL developing RT. Studying 54 longitudinal samples covering up to 19 years of disease course, we uncovered minute subclones carrying genomic, immunogenetic and transcriptomic features of RT cells already at CLL diagnosis, which were dormant for up to 19 years before transformation. We also identified new driver alterations, discovered a new mutational signature (SBS-RT), recognized an oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)high–B cell receptor (BCR)low-signaling transcriptional axis in RT and showed that OXPHOS inhibition reduces the proliferation of RT cells. These findings demonstrate the early seeding of subclones driving advanced stages of cancer evolution and uncover potential therapeutic targets for RT. Single-cell genomic and transcriptomic analyses of longitudinal samples of patients with Richter syndrome reveal the presence and dynamics of clones driving transformation from chronic lymphocytic leukemia years before clinical manifestation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ferran Nadeu
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Romina Royo
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Massoni-Badosa
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Heribert Playa-Albinyana
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Garcia-Torre
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martí Duran-Ferrer
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marta Kulis
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ander Diaz-Navarro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Neus Villamor
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Vicente Chapaprieta
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Julio Delgado
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Riccardo Moia
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Sara Ruiz-Gil
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Domenica Marchese
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ariadna Giró
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Verdaguer-Dot
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Romo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillem Clot
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Rozman
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Alfredo Rivas-Delgado
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tycho Baumann
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Alcoceba
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marcos González
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Fina Climent
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Abrisqueta
- Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Castellví
- Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Bosch
- Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Aymerich
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Enjuanes
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Ruiz-Gaspà
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Armando López-Guillermo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Jares
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Beà
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Josep Ll Gelpí
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria López-Bigas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Torrents
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ivo Gut
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Davide Rossi
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Gianluca Gaidano
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Xose S Puente
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo M Garcia-Roves
- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolors Colomer
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Holger Heyn
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesco Maura
- Myeloma Service, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - José I Martín-Subero
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elías Campo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain. .,Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nadeu F, Royo R, Massoni-Badosa R, Garcia-Torre B, Duran-Ferrer M, Dawson KJ, Kulis M, Diaz-Navarro A, Villamor N, Melero JL, Chapaprieta V, Dueso-Barroso A, Delgado J, Moia R, Ruiz-Gil S, Marchese D, Verdaguer-Dot N, Romo M, Rozman M, Frigola G, Rivas-Delgado A, Baumann T, Alcoceba M, González M, Climent F, Abrisqueta P, Castellví J, Bosch F, Aymerich M, Enjuanes A, Ruiz-Gaspà S, López-Guillermo A, Jares P, Beà S, Colomer D, López-Bigas N, LlGelpí J, Torrents D, Campbell PJ, Gut I, Garcia-Roves PM, Rossi D, Gaidano G, Puente XS, Heyn H, Maura F, Martín-Subero JI, Campo E. Abstract 3795: Early seeding of Richter transformation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-3795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Clonal evolution drives cancer development due to the emergence and/or selection of proliferatively advantageous subclones. Its understanding may facilitate the design of anticipation-based management strategies. Richter transformation (RT) is a paradigmatic tumor evolution in which chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), an indolent neoplasia of mature B-cells, transforms into a high-grade lymphoma, usually diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), conferring a dismal prognosis. The evolutionary trajectories of RT and its driving (epi)genomic mechanisms remain largely unknown.
Aims: To reconstruct the evolutionary history of RT and to reveal the molecular processes underlying this transformation.
Methods: We characterized the whole genome (WGS), epigenome (DNA methylation, H3K27ac, ATAC-seq), and transcriptome (RNA-seq), combined with single-cell DNA and RNA sequencing analyses, of 19 CLL patients developing RT before (n=3) or after treatment with chemoimmunotherapy (n=6) and targeted therapies (BCR or BCL2 inhibitors, n=10). We analyzed 54 longitudinal samples covering up to 19 years of disease course.
Results: Our WGS analyses uncovered that RT is characterized by a remarkable structural complexity. We also identified a novel treatment-independent RT-specific mutational process, which we named SBS-RT. The genetic driver landscape of RT is a compendium of alterations in genes involved in cell cycle, MYC, and NF-κB pathways, frequently targeted in single catastrophic events including chromothripsis and chromoplexy. The WGS-based phylogenic reconstruction and single-cell DNA/RNA-seq analyses identified a very early diversification of CLL leading to emergence of RT-cells carrying specific genetic drivers and transcriptomic profiles of RT already at CLL diagnosis. These small subclones were dormant for 6-19 years until rapid expansion associated with the clinical transformation. While the DNA methylome kept track of the cell of origin and proliferative history of RT cells, their chromatin configuration and transcriptional program converged into the overexpression of cell cycle regulators, Toll-like receptors, MYC, MTORC1, and OXPHOS related transcripts, as well as downregulation of BCR pathway. This phenotypic shift was related to de novo activation of key transcription factors. In vitro experiments confirmed that RT cells have a 4-fold higher oxygen consumption at routine respiration and electron transfer system capacity compared to CLL. The resistance of RT to BCR inhibition is consistent with its high OXPHOS and low BCR signaling, which mimics de novo DLBCL-OXPHOS insensitive to BCR inhibition. This OXPHOShigh-BCRlow transcriptional axis of RT can be exploited therapeutically.
Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the early seeding of subclones driving advanced stages of cancer evolution and uncover therapeutic targets for the, once expanded, lethal Richter transformation.
Citation Format: Ferran Nadeu, Romina Royo, Ramon Massoni-Badosa, Beatriz Garcia-Torre, Martí Duran-Ferrer, Kevin J. Dawson, Marta Kulis, Ander Diaz-Navarro, Neus Villamor, Juan L. Melero, Vicente Chapaprieta, Ana Dueso-Barroso, Julio Delgado, Riccardo Moia, Sara Ruiz-Gil, Domenica Marchese, Núria Verdaguer-Dot, Mónica Romo, Maria Rozman, Gerard Frigola, Alfredo Rivas-Delgado, Tycho Baumann, Miguel Alcoceba, Marcos González, Fina Climent, Pau Abrisqueta, Josep Castellví, Francesc Bosch, Marta Aymerich, Anna Enjuanes, Sílvia Ruiz-Gaspà, Armando López-Guillermo, Pedro Jares, Sílvia Beà, Dolors Colomer, Núria López-Bigas, Josep LlGelpí, David Torrents, Peter J. Campbell, Ivo Gut, Pablo M. Garcia-Roves, Davide Rossi, Gianluca Gaidano, Xose S. Puente, Holger Heyn, Francesco Maura, José I. Martín-Subero, Elías Campo. Early seeding of Richter transformation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3795.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ferran Nadeu
- 1Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Romina Royo
- 2Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Massoni-Badosa
- 3CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Garcia-Torre
- 1Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martí Duran-Ferrer
- 1Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Marta Kulis
- 1Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ander Diaz-Navarro
- 5Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | | | - Vicente Chapaprieta
- 1Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Sara Ruiz-Gil
- 3CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Domenica Marchese
- 3CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Verdaguer-Dot
- 1Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Romo
- 1Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Miguel Alcoceba
- 9IBSAL-Hospital Universitario, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marcos González
- 9IBSAL-Hospital Universitario, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Fina Climent
- 10Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Pau Abrisqueta
- 11Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Castellví
- 11Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Bosch
- 11Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Anna Enjuanes
- 1Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Ruiz-Gaspà
- 1Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Pedro Jares
- 6Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Beà
- 6Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Núria López-Bigas
- 12Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep LlGelpí
- 2Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Torrents
- 2Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ivo Gut
- 3CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo M. Garcia-Roves
- 13Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Davide Rossi
- 14Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerlan, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Xose S. Puente
- 5Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Holger Heyn
- 3CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesco Maura
- 15Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - José I. Martín-Subero
- 1Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elías Campo
- 1Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Escudero L, Llort A, Arias A, Diaz-Navarro A, Martínez-Ricarte F, Rubio-Perez C, Mayor R, Caratù G, Martínez-Sáez E, Vázquez-Méndez É, Lesende-Rodríguez I, Hladun R, Gros L, Ramón Y Cajal S, Poca MA, Puente XS, Sahuquillo J, Gallego S, Seoane J. Circulating tumour DNA from the cerebrospinal fluid allows the characterisation and monitoring of medulloblastoma. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5376. [PMID: 33110059 PMCID: PMC7591522 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19175-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular characterisation of medulloblastoma, the most common paediatric brain tumour, is crucial for the correct management and treatment of this heterogenous disease. However, insufficient tissue sample, the presence of tumour heterogeneity, or disseminated disease can challenge its diagnosis and monitoring. Here, we report that the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) recapitulates the genomic alterations of the tumour and facilitates subgrouping and risk stratification, providing valuable information about diagnosis and prognosis. CSF ctDNA also characterises the intra-tumour genomic heterogeneity identifying small subclones. ctDNA is abundant in the CSF but barely present in plasma and longitudinal analysis of CSF ctDNA allows the study of minimal residual disease, genomic evolution and the characterisation of tumours at recurrence. Ultimately, CSF ctDNA analysis could facilitate the clinical management of medulloblastoma patients and help the design of tailored therapeutic strategies, increasing treatment efficacy while reducing excessive treatment to prevent long-term secondary effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Escudero
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Llort
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexandra Arias
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ander Diaz-Navarro
- Dpto. de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, IUOPA-Universidad de Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.,CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Martínez-Ricarte
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Carlota Rubio-Perez
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Regina Mayor
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ginevra Caratù
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Martínez-Sáez
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Élida Vázquez-Méndez
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Raquel Hladun
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Gros
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Ramón Y Cajal
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria A Poca
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Xose S Puente
- Dpto. de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, IUOPA-Universidad de Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.,CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Sahuquillo
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Soledad Gallego
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Joan Seoane
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Spain. .,CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain. .,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain. .,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is a common disease in Western countries and has heterogeneous clinical behavior. The relevance of the genetic basis of the disease has come to the forefront recently, with genome-wide studies that have provided a comprehensive view of structural variants, somatic mutations, and different layers of epigenetic changes. The mutational landscape is characterized by relatively common copy number alterations, a few mutated genes occurring in 10-15% of cases, and a large number of genes mutated in a small number of cases. The epigenomic profile has revealed a marked reprogramming of regulatory regions in tumor cells compared with normal B cells. All of these alterations are differentially distributed in clinical and biological subsets of the disease, indicating that they may underlie the heterogeneous evolution of the disease. These global studies are revealing the molecular complexity of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and provide new perspectives that have helped to understand its pathogenic mechanisms and improve the clinical management of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ferran Nadeu
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; , , .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; ,
| | - Ander Diaz-Navarro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; , .,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Julio Delgado
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; , , .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; , .,Hematology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xose S Puente
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; , .,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Elías Campo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; , , .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; , .,Hematopathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Suzuki H, Kumar SA, Shuai S, Diaz-Navarro A, Gutierrez-Fernandez A, De Antonellis P, Cavalli FMG, Juraschka K, Farooq H, Shibahara I, Vladoiu MC, Zhang J, Abeysundara N, Przelicki D, Skowron P, Gauer N, Luu B, Daniels C, Wu X, Forget A, Momin A, Wang J, Dong W, Kim SK, Grajkowska WA, Jouvet A, Fèvre-Montange M, Garrè ML, Nageswara Rao AA, Giannini C, Kros JM, French PJ, Jabado N, Ng HK, Poon WS, Eberhart CG, Pollack IF, Olson JM, Weiss WA, Kumabe T, López-Aguilar E, Lach B, Massimino M, Van Meir EG, Rubin JB, Vibhakar R, Chambless LB, Kijima N, Klekner A, Bognár L, Chan JA, Faria CC, Ragoussis J, Pfister SM, Goldenberg A, Wechsler-Reya RJ, Bailey SD, Garzia L, Morrissy AS, Marra MA, Huang X, Malkin D, Ayrault O, Ramaswamy V, Puente XS, Calarco JA, Stein L, Taylor MD. Recurrent noncoding U1 snRNA mutations drive cryptic splicing in SHH medulloblastoma. Nature 2019; 574:707-711. [PMID: 31664194 PMCID: PMC7141958 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1650-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent somatic single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in cancer are largely confined to protein coding genes, and are rare in most pediatric cancers1–3. We report highly recurrent hotspot mutations of U1 spliceosomal small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) in ~50% of Sonic Hedgehog medulloblastomas (Shh-MB), which were not present across other medulloblastoma subgroups. This U1-snRNA hotspot mutation (r.3a>g), was identified in <0.1% of 2,442 cancers across 36 other tumor types. Largely absent from infant Shh-MB, the mutation occurs in 97% of adults (Shhδ), and 25% of adolescents (Shhα). The U1-snRNA mutation occurs in the 5′ splice site binding region, and snRNA mutant tumors have significantly disrupted RNA splicing with an excess of 5′ cryptic splicing events. Mutant U1-snRNA mediated alternative splicing inactivates tumor suppressor genes (PTCH1), and activates oncogenes (GLI2, CCND2), represents a novel target for therapy, and constitutes a highly recurrent and tissue-specific mutation of a non-protein coding gene in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Suzuki
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sachin A Kumar
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shimin Shuai
- Informatics and Biocomputing, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ander Diaz-Navarro
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Gutierrez-Fernandez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pasqualino De Antonellis
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Florence M G Cavalli
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyle Juraschka
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hamza Farooq
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ichiyo Shibahara
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria C Vladoiu
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jiao Zhang
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Namal Abeysundara
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Przelicki
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patryk Skowron
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole Gauer
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Betty Luu
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Craig Daniels
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaochong Wu
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Antoine Forget
- CNRS UMR, INSERM, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Orsay, France.,CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Ali Momin
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jun Wang
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Weifan Dong
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Seung-Ki Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Anne Jouvet
- Centre de Pathologie EST, Groupement Hospitalier EST, Université de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Michelle Fèvre-Montange
- CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Caterina Giannini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Johan M Kros
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim J French
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nada Jabado
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ho-Keung Ng
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Sang Poon
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Charles G Eberhart
- Department of Pathology, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Opthalmology, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ian F Pollack
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - James M Olson
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William A Weiss
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Toshihiro Kumabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Enrique López-Aguilar
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Hospital Pediatría Centro Médico Nacional Century XXI, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Boleslaw Lach
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Division of Anatomical Pathology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hamilton General Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Erwin G Van Meir
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joshua B Rubin
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rajeev Vibhakar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lola B Chambless
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Noriyuki Kijima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Almos Klekner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical and Health Science Centre, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Bognár
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical and Health Science Centre, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Jennifer A Chan
- Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Claudia C Faria
- Division of Neurosurgery, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jiannis Ragoussis
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Goldenberg
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert J Wechsler-Reya
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Swneke D Bailey
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic and Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Livia Garzia
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - A Sorana Morrissy
- Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marco A Marra
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xi Huang
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Malkin
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olivier Ayrault
- CNRS UMR, INSERM, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Orsay, France.,CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Vijay Ramaswamy
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xose S Puente
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Madrid, Spain
| | - John A Calarco
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lincoln Stein
- Informatics and Biocomputing, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael D Taylor
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|