Tip Lesion Most Frequent FSGS Variant Related to COVID-19 Vaccine: Two Case Reports and Literature Review

Large-scale COVID-19 vaccination has been one of the most effective strategies to control the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, several cases of glomerular injury related to the COVID-19 vaccine have been described in the literature. We report two cases of a tip lesion variant of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), which presented with significant proteinuria and improved after immunosuppression. In our literature review, the tip lesion variant of FSGS is currently the most frequent variant associated with vaccination against COVID-19. Prognosis is favorable and without significant alterations in the tubulointerstitial or vascular compartments. Adverse effects of vaccines need to be recognized early and will help us to understand the immune and pathological mechanisms of kidney damage.

[Tetanus: immune status of an urban child population of São Paulo, Brazil]

A verificação do teor de anticorpos antitetânicos provenientes de 126 crianças de 5 a 7 anos de idade, do município de São Paulo (Brasil), revelou 41 e 21% de indivíduos susceptíveis na faixa etária de 5 a 6 anos, respectivamente. Todas as crianças de 7 anos de idade apresentaram proteção contra o tétano, revelando teor de antitoxina circulante em níveis superiores a 0,01 UI/ml. Pela análise dos resultados foi constatado que a susceptibilidade varia na razão inversa da idade. O teor médio de antitoxina tetânica encontrada variou de 0,0289 a 0,1143 UI/ml de soro, na população examinada.