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Kashif M, Nasir A, Gulzaman, Rafique MK, Abbas M, ur Rehman A, Riaz M, Rasool G, Mtewa AG. Unlocking the anti-diabetic potential of Gymnema sylvestre, Trigonella foenum-graecum, and their combination thereof: An in-vivo evaluation. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:7664-7672. [PMID: 38107140 PMCID: PMC10724615 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to explore the anti-diabetic effect of aqueous extracts of Gymnema sylvestre, Trigonella foenum-graecum and mixture of both the plants in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits. A total of 30 rabbits were grouped into six equal groups as: normal control, diabetic control, diabetic treated with 300 mg/kg body weight (bw) G. sylvestre, diabetic treated with 300 mg/kg bw T. foenum-graecum, diabetic treated with 300 mg/kg bw mixture of both the plants and diabetic treated with 500 mg/kg bw metformin for 4 weeks. Diabetes was induced to all the study group animals except normal control by intravenous administration of alloxan monohydrate (80 mg/kg bw). Blood glucose was measured by glucometer and other biochemical parameters were determined through various kit methods. Serum insulin was measured through ELISA kit method. Results showed that both the plants and metformin significantly (p < .05) decreased the fasting blood glucose. Hypoglycemic activity of aqueous extract of G. sylvestre and metformin was found slightly higher than aqueous extract of T. foenum-graecum and the mixture of both the plants. However, a significant (p < .05) rise in insulin secretion was observed in studied plants extract treated rabbits. Serum urea, creatinine, and liver enzymes were found reduced significantly (p < .05) in treated rabbits whereas packed cell volume was also returned to normal in treated animals as compared to control group. The study concluded that G. sylvestre and T. foenum-graecum extracts have comparable effects with metformin in normalizing the blood glucose level and have more pronounced effect than metformin in restoring the serum biochemical parameters to normal levels. Hence, these plants may be the good alternative medicine in managing the diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Kashif
- Department of Clinical Sciences (Section Clinical Medicine), College of Veterinary and Animal SciencesUniversity of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore (Jhang Campus)JhangPakistan
| | - Amar Nasir
- Department of Clinical Sciences (Section Clinical Medicine), College of Veterinary and Animal SciencesUniversity of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore (Jhang Campus)JhangPakistan
| | - Gulzaman
- Department of Clinical Sciences (Section Clinical Medicine), College of Veterinary and Animal SciencesUniversity of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore (Jhang Campus)JhangPakistan
| | - Muhammad Kamran Rafique
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary and Animal SciencesUniversity of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore (Jhang Campus)JhangPakistan
| | - Mazhar Abbas
- Department of Basic Sciences (Section Biochemistry), College of Veterinary and Animal SciencesUniversity of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore (Jhang Campus)JhangPakistan
| | - Aziz ur Rehman
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary and Animal SciencesUniversity of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore (Jhang Campus)JhangPakistan
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Allied Health SciencesUniversity of SargodhaSargodhaPakistan
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- Department of Allied Health SciencesUniversity of SargodhaSargodhaPakistan
| | - Andrew G. Mtewa
- Chemistry Section, Malawi Institute of TechnologyMalawi University of Science and TechnologyLimbeMalawi
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Riaz M, Khalid R, Afzal M, Anjum F, Fatima H, Zia S, Rasool G, Egbuna C, Mtewa AG, Uche CZ, Aslam MA. Phytobioactive compounds as therapeutic agents for human diseases: A review. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:2500-2529. [PMID: 37324906 PMCID: PMC10261751 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytobioactive compounds are plant secondary metabolites and bioactive compounds abundantly present in medicinal plants and have remarkable therapeutic potential. Oxidative stress and antibiotic resistance are major causes of present-day ailments such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disorders, cancer, and inflammation. The data for this review were collected from Google Scholar, PubMed, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), and Science Direct by using keywords: "Medicinal plants, Phytobioactive compounds, Polyphenols, Alkaloids, Carotenoids etc." Several studies have reported the pharmacological and therapeutic potential of the phytobioactives. Polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenes, and polysaccharides isolated from medicinal plants showed remarkable antioxidant, anticancer, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, and antidiabetic activities. This literature review was planned to provide comprehensive insight into the biopharmacological and therapeutic potential of phytobioactive compounds. The techniques used for the extraction and isolation of phytobioactive compounds, and bioassays required for their biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities, have been discussed. Characterization techniques for the structural elucidation of phytobioactive compounds such as HPLC, TLC, FTIR, GC-MS/MS, and NMR have also been discussed. This review concludes that phytobioactive compounds may be used as potential alternative to synthetic compounds as therapeutic agents for the treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Allied Health SciencesUniversity of SargodhaSargodhaPakistan
| | - Ramsha Khalid
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan
| | | | - Fozia Anjum
- Department of ChemistryGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Hina Fatima
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Central PunjabLahorePakistan
| | - Saadiya Zia
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- Department of Allied Health SciencesUniversity of SargodhaSargodhaPakistan
| | - Chukwuebuka Egbuna
- Africa Centre of Excellence in Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE‐PUTOR), Nutritional Biochemistry and Toxicology UnitUniversity of Port‐HarcourtPort HarcourtNigeria
| | - Andrew G. Mtewa
- Chemistry Section, Malawi Institute of TechnologyMalawi University of Science and TechnologyLimbeMalawi
| | - Chukwuemelie Zedech Uche
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of NigeriaEnuguNigeria
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Maghembe RS, Mdoe FP, Makaranga A, Mpemba JA, Mark D, Mlay C, Moto EA, Mtewa AG. Complete genome sequence data of Priestia megaterium strain MARUCO02 isolated from marine mangrove-inhabited sediments of the Indian Ocean in the Bagamoyo Coast. Data Brief 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2023.109119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
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Beressa TB, Deyno S, Mtewa AG, Aidah N, Tuyiringire N, Lukubye B, Weisheit A, Tolo CU, Ogwang PE. Potential Benefits of Antiviral African Medicinal Plants in the Management of Viral Infections: Systematic Review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:682794. [PMID: 35002686 PMCID: PMC8740180 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.682794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Viruses cause various human diseases, some of which become pandemic outbreaks. This study synthesized evidence on antiviral medicinal plants in Africa which could potentially be further studied for viral infections including Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment. Methods: PUBMED, CINAHIL, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Google databases were searched through keywords; antiviral, plant, herb, and Africa were combined using “AND” and “OR”. In-vitro studies, in-vivo studies, or clinical trials on botanical medicine used for the treatment of viruses in Africa were included. Results: Thirty-six studies were included in the evidence synthesis. Three hundred and twenty-eight plants were screened for antiviral activities of which 127 showed noteworthy activities against 25 viral species. These, were Poliovirus (42 plants), HSV (34 plants), Coxsackievirus (16 plants), Rhinovirus (14plants), Influenza (12 plants), Astrovirus (11 plants), SARS-CoV-2 (10 plants), HIV (10 plants), Echovirus (8 plants), Parvovirus (6 plants), Semiliki forest virus (5 plants), Measles virus (5 plants), Hepatitis virus (3 plants), Canine distemper virus (3 plants), Zika virus (2 plants), Vesicular stomatitis virus T2 (2 plants). Feline herpesvirus (FHV-1), Enterovirus, Dengue virus, Ebola virus, Chikungunya virus, Yellow fever virus, Respiratory syncytial virus, Rift Valley fever virus, Human cytomegalovirus each showed sensitivities to one plant. Conclusion: The current study provided a list of African medicinal plants which demonstrated antiviral activities and could potentially be candidates for COVID-19 treatment. However, all studies were preliminary and in vitro screening. Further in vivo studies are required for plant-based management of viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamirat Bekele Beressa
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Serawit Deyno
- Pharm-Biotechnology and Traditional Medicine Center of Excellence, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.,School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Andrew G Mtewa
- Chemistry Section, Department of Applied Studies, Institute of Technology, Malawi University of Science and Technology, Limbe, Malawi
| | - Namuli Aidah
- Pharm-Biotechnology and Traditional Medicine Center of Excellence, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Naasson Tuyiringire
- Pharm-Biotechnology and Traditional Medicine Center of Excellence, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Butare, Rwanda
| | - Ben Lukubye
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Anke Weisheit
- Pharm-Biotechnology and Traditional Medicine Center of Excellence, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Casim Umba Tolo
- Pharm-Biotechnology and Traditional Medicine Center of Excellence, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Patrick Engeu Ogwang
- Pharm-Biotechnology and Traditional Medicine Center of Excellence, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
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Mtewa AG, Amanjot A, Lampiao F, Okella H, Weisheit A, Tolo CU, Ogwang P. SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development. Coronavirus Drug Discovery 2022. [PMCID: PMC9217717 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-85156-5.00046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a well-known viral strain that causes COVID-19. The disease became a pandemic in early 2020 and infected millions of people and killed hundreds of thousands of people worldwide. Vaccine development against the disease was accelerated with multiple collaborations among research institutions in order to shorten the duration that vaccine development normally takes. Prior coronavirus vaccines present a basis on which vaccines against the current strain can be developed with much speed and relative ease. Among the patented coronavirus vaccines, DNA-based vaccine had the most patents registered which must have clues to guide the efforts in the current works. This work presents some progress on COVID-19 vaccine development and also possible animal venom protein sources that can potentially be used in the pipeline. The future of COVID-19 vaccine is bright with the heightened collaborative efforts and data sharing opportunities that the pandemic has brought among researchers.
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Kasali FM, Kadima JN, Peter EL, Mtewa AG, Ajayi CO, Tusiimire J, Tolo CU, Ogwang PE, Weisheit A, Agaba AG. Antidiabetic Medicinal Plants Used in Democratic Republic of Congo: A Critical Review of Ethnopharmacology and Bioactivity Data. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:757090. [PMID: 34776975 PMCID: PMC8579071 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.757090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have been conducted and published on medicinal plants used to manage Diabetes Mellitus worldwide. It is of great interest to review available studies from a country or a region to resort to similarities/discrepancies and data quality. Here, we examined data related to ethnopharmacology and bioactivity of antidiabetic plants used in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Data were extracted from Google Scholar, Medline/PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, the Wiley Online Library, Web of Science, and other documents focusing on ethnopharmacology, pharmacology, and phytochemistry antidiabetic plants used in the Democratic Republic of Congo from 2005 to September 2021. The Kew Botanic Royal Garden and Plants of the World Online web databases were consulted to verify the taxonomic information. CAMARADES checklist was used to assess the quality of animal studies and Jadad scores for clinical trials. In total, 213 plant species belonging to 72 botanical families were reported. Only one plant, Droogmansia munamensis, is typically native to the DRC flora; 117 species are growing in the DRC and neighboring countries; 31 species are either introduced from other regions, and 64 are not specified. Alongside the treatment of Diabetes, about 78.13% of plants have multiple therapeutic uses, depending on the study sites. Experimental studies explored the antidiabetic activity of 133 plants, mainly in mice, rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits. Several chemical classes of antidiabetic compounds isolated from 67 plant species have been documented. Rare phase II clinical trials have been conducted. Critical issues included poor quality methodological protocols, author name incorrectly written (16.16%) or absent (14.25%) or confused with a synonym (4.69%), family name revised (17.26%) or missing (1.10%), voucher number not available 336(92.05%), ecological information not reported (49.59%). Most plant species have been identified and authenticated (89.32%). Hundreds of plants are used to treat Diabetes by traditional healers in DRC. However, most plants are not exclusively native to the local flora and have multiple therapeutic uses. The analysis showed the scarcity or absence of high-quality, in-depth pharmacological studies. There is a need to conduct further studies of locally specific species to fill the gap before their introduction into the national pharmacopeia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félicien Mushagalusa Kasali
- Pharm-Bio Technology and Traditional Medicine Center, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Public Health, Official University of Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Justin Ntokamunda Kadima
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Public Health, Official University of Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Rwanda, Huye, Rwanda
| | - Emanuel L. Peter
- Pharm-Bio Technology and Traditional Medicine Center, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
- Department of Innovation, Technology Transfer and Commercialization, National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Andrew G. Mtewa
- Pharm-Bio Technology and Traditional Medicine Center, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
- Chemistry Section, Department of Applied Studies, Institute of Technology, Malawi University of Science and Technology, Limbe, Malawi
| | - Clement Olusoji Ajayi
- Pharm-Bio Technology and Traditional Medicine Center, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Jonans Tusiimire
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Casim Umba Tolo
- Pharm-Bio Technology and Traditional Medicine Center, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Patrick Engeu Ogwang
- Pharm-Bio Technology and Traditional Medicine Center, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Anke Weisheit
- Pharm-Bio Technology and Traditional Medicine Center, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Amon Ganafa Agaba
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
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Shah U, Patel A, Patel S, Patel M, Patel A, Patel S, Patel S, Maheshwari R, Mtewa AG, Gandhi K. Role of Natural and Synthetic Flavonoids as Potential Aromatase Inhibitors in Breast Cancer: Structure-Activity Relationship Perspective. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:2063-2079. [PMID: 34702156 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666211026101252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
World Health Organization categorized breast cancer as one of the leading cancer types in females worldwide, and its treatment remains challenging. Accumulated evidence suggested the role of estrogen and its metabolites in pre- and post-menopausal women. Upregulation of estrogen-dependent aromatase is significantly involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Several aromatase inhibitors, such as exemestane, formestane, and letrozole, are being used clinically, owing to their estrogen suppression role. Apart from these drugs, several other molecules, such as natural and synthetic flavonoids, have been reported widely for a similar biological activity. However, some reasonable modifications are required for these structures to achieve desired efficacy and to alleviate toxicity. Designing a novel aromatase inhibitor will be possible if we can establish a rational correlation between the chemistry and biological features of the existing molecules. The benzopyranone-ring system, present in the flavonoid molecules, has been reported as a pharmacophore due to its inhibitory activity on aromatase, which helps repress breast cancer progression. This essential feature has been utilized to modify several natural flavonoids into 5 and 7 hydroxy/methoxy flavone, 4-imidazolyl/triazolyl flavone, 5,4'- diamino flavone, 7,8- benzo-4-imidazolyl flavone, α-naphthoflavone, and 2-azole/thiazolyl isoflavone derivatives. These scaffolds have been considered in this review for meticulous study in aspects of the structure-activity relationship for aromatase inhibitory activity, and it would likely pave the way for designing a potential lead candidate in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umang Shah
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), CHARUSAT Campus, Changa 388421. India
| | - Aarti Patel
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), CHARUSAT Campus, Changa 388421. India
| | - Samir Patel
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), CHARUSAT Campus, Changa 388421. India
| | - Mehul Patel
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), CHARUSAT Campus, Changa 388421. India
| | - Ashish Patel
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), CHARUSAT Campus, Changa 388421. India
| | - Swayamprakash Patel
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), CHARUSAT Campus, Changa 388421. India
| | - Sandip Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, L.M.College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat. India
| | - Rajesh Maheshwari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Piparia, Waghodiya, Vadodara, Gujarat. India
| | - Andrew G Mtewa
- Chemistry Section, Institute of Technology, Malawi University of Science and Technology, Thyolo, Malawi. Malawi
| | - Karan Gandhi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Canada
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Ahovègbé LY, Ogwang PE, Peter EL, Mtewa AG, Kasali FM, Tolo CU, Gbenoudon J, Weisheit A, Pakoyo KF. Therapeutic potentials of Vachellia nilotica (L.) extracts in Hepatitis C infection: A review. Scientific African 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Mtewa AG, Bvunzawabaya JT, Ngwira KJ, Lampiao F, Maghembe R, Okella H, weisheit A, Tolo CU, Ogwang PE, Sesaazi DC. Ligand-protein interactions of plant-isolated (9z,12z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid with Β-ketoacyl-Acp synthase (KasA) in potential anti-tubercular drug designing. Scientific African 2021; 12:e00824. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Chikowe I, Mtewa AG, Tembo D, Smith D, Ibrahim E, Mwamatope B, Nkhungulu J, Kumpalume P, Maroyi A. Potential of Malawi's medicinal plants in Covid-19 disease management: A review. Malawi Med J 2021; 33:85-107. [PMID: 34777704 PMCID: PMC8560350 DOI: 10.4314/mmj.v33i2.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has triggered an international pandemic that has led to significant public health problems. To date, limited evidence exists to suggest that drugs are effective against the disease. As possible treatments are being investigated, herbal medicines have shown potential for producing novel antiviral agents for the COVID-19 disease. Aim This review explored the potential of Malawi's traditional medicinal plants for the management of COVID-19. Methods The authors searched on PubMed and Google scholar for medicinal plants that are used in Malawi and published in openly available peer reviewed journals. Plants linked with antiviral treatment, anti-COVID-19 activity or COVID-19 symptoms management were targeted. These included activity against pneumonia, inflammation, cough, difficulty in breathing, pain/aches, fever, diarrhoea, rheumatism, fatigue, asthma, immunocompromised and cardiovascular diseases. Results 11 studies were found with 306 plant species. 127 plant species had at least one COVID-19 related pharmacological activity. Of these plant species, the number of herbal entities used for each indication was: pain/aches (87), fever (2), pneumonia (9), breathing/asthma problems (5), coughing (11), diarrhoea (1), immunosuppression (8), blood issues (10), fatigue (2), heart problems (11), inflammation (8), rheumatism (10) and viral diseases (12). Thirty (30) species were used for more than one disease and Azedarachta indica topped the list (6 of the 13 COVID-19 related diseases). The majority of the species had phytochemicals known to have antiviral activity or mechanisms of actions linked to COVID-19 and consequent diseases' treatment pathways. Conclusion Medicinal plants are a promising source of compounds that can be used for drug development of COVID-19 related diseases. This review highlights potential targets for the World Health Organization and other research entities to explore in order to assist in controlling the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Chikowe
- Pharmacy Department, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi/Kamuzu University of Health Sciences
| | - Andrew G Mtewa
- Chemistry Section, Malawi Institute of Technology, Malawi University of Science and Technology, Thyolo, Malawi
| | - David Tembo
- The Polytechnic, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi/Malawi University of Business and Applied Sciences
| | - Dallas Smith
- Pharmacy Department, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi/Kamuzu University of Health Sciences
| | - Edna Ibrahim
- The Polytechnic, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi/Malawi University of Business and Applied Sciences
| | | | - Justin Nkhungulu
- Pharmacy Department, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi/Kamuzu University of Health Sciences
| | - Peter Kumpalume
- Pharmacy Department, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi/Kamuzu University of Health Sciences
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Sesaazi CD, Peter EL, Mtewa AG. The anti-nociceptive effects of ethanol extract of aerial parts of Schkuhria pinnata in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 271:113913. [PMID: 33571616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The growing challenge to access conventional analgesics, contraindications, and adverse effects could have led individuals to use Schkuhria pinnata (Lam.) Kuntze ex Thell. (Compositae), as an alternative traditional therapeutic strategy for pain. However, evidence of its safety and efficacy is scarce. AIM OF THE STUDY This study evaluated the anti-nociceptive effect of the ethanol extract of the aerial parts of S. pinnata in mice. METHODS The mice were randomly assigned to nine groups: (1) vehicle; (2) acetylsalicylic acid (intraperitoneally 150 mg/kg); (3) pentazocine (intramuscularly 1.0 mg/kg); (4 a & b) orally 100 mg/kg extract; (5 a & b) orally 200 mg/kg extract; (6 a & b) orally 400 mg/kg extract. We used an acetic acid-induced writhing model and a tail-flick test. The number of writhes and time taken for the tail to flick was recorded. A one-way analysis of variance followed by Tamhane T2 post hoc was used for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Compared to a vehicle (59.0 ± 2.68), S. pinnata ethanol extract at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o reduced writhes to 42.5 ± 1.12 and 27.0 ± 2.62, (p < 0.05) respectively. Similarly, the pain threshold of mice increased dose-dependently; doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, increased time to 5.33 ± 0.42 and 8.67 ± 0.21 min, (p < 0.05) respectively. The extract had an EC50 of 348.8 mg/kg and acute toxicity established an LD50 of 1224.8 (95% CI: 952.2-1575.3). CONCLUSION S. pinnata ethanol extract had anti-nociceptive activity by central and peripheral mechanisms that could justify its traditional use in pain management. Further studies could now focus on identifying active fractions and pure isolated compounds responsible for anti-nociceptive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crispin D Sesaazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.
| | - Emanuel L Peter
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.
| | - Andrew G Mtewa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.
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Egbuna C, Awuchi CG, Kushwaha G, Rudrapal M, Patrick-Iwuanyanwu KC, Singh O, Odoh UE, Khan J, Jeevanandam J, Kumarasamy S, Narayanan M, Chukwube VO, Palai S, Găman MA, Uche CZ, Ogaji DS, Ezeofor NJ, Mtewa AG, Patrick-Iwuanyanwu CC, Kesh SS, Shivamallu C, Saravanan K, Tijjani H, Akram M, Ifemeje JC, Olisah MC, Chikwendu CJ. Bioactive Compounds Effective Against Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 21:1067-1095. [PMID: 33966619 DOI: 10.2174/1568026621666210509161059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (adult onset diabetes) is the most common type of diabetes, accounting for around 90% of all diabetes cases with insulin resistance and insulin secretion defect. The key goal of anti-diabetic therapy is to increase the development of insulin, immunity and/or decrease the amount of blood glucose. While many synthetic compounds have been produced as anti-diabetic agents, due to their side effects and limited effectiveness, their usefulness has been hindered. This systematic review investigated the bioactive compounds reported to possess activities against type 2 diabetes. Three (3) databases, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, were searched for research articles published between January 2010 and October 2020. A total of 6464 articles were identified, out of which 84 articles were identified to be eligible for the study. From the data extracted, it was found that quercetin, Kaempferol, Rosmarinic acid, Cyanidin, Rutin, Catechin, Luteolin, and Ellagic acid were the most cited bioactive compounds, which all falls within the class of polyphenolic compounds. The major sources of these bioactive compounds include citrus fruits, grapes, onions, berries, cherries, broccoli, honey, apples, green tea, Ginkgo biloba, St. John's wort, green beans, cucumber, spinach, tea, Rosmarinus officinalis, Aloe vera, Moringa oleifera, tomatoes, potatoes, oregano, lemon balm, thyme, peppermint, Ocimum basilicum, red cabbage, peas, olive oil, and walnut. In conclusion, the data collected in our study indicates that consumption of polyphenolic/flavonoids rich food and vegetables as a routine diet could considerably reduce the risk of T2DM and also benefits insulin sensitivity and other chronic inflammations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwuebuka Egbuna
- World Bank Africa Centre of Excellence in Public Health and Toxicological Research (PUTOR), University of Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Chinaza G Awuchi
- School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Garima Kushwaha
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee -247667, India
| | - Mithun Rudrapal
- Sandip Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sandip Foundation, Nashik Maharashtra, India
| | - Kingsley C Patrick-Iwuanyanwu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, East West Road, P.M.B 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Omkar Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India
| | - Uchenna E Odoh
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Environmental Medicines, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nigeria
| | - Johra Khan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaison Jeevanandam
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Suresh Kumarasamy
- PG and Research centre in Biotechnology, MGR College, Hosur, Krishnagiri -635 130, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mathiyazhagan Narayanan
- PG and Research centre in Biotechnology, MGR College, Hosur, Krishnagiri -635 130, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vincent O Chukwube
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Environmental Medicines, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nigeria
| | - Santwana Palai
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, OUAT, Bhubaneswar-751003, Odisha, India
| | - Mihnea-Alexandru Găman
- Faculty of Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania & Department of Hematology, Center of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Chukwuemelie Z Uche
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria
| | - Daprim S Ogaji
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Nebechi J Ezeofor
- Department of Food Technology, School of Applied Science and Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Oko, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Andrew G Mtewa
- Chemistry Section, Malawi Institute of Technology, Malawi University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 5196, Limbe, Malawi
| | - Chinyere C Patrick-Iwuanyanwu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Unit, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Shyam S Kesh
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata-700037, West Bengal,India
| | - Chandan Shivamallu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka-570 015,India
| | - Kaliyaperumal Saravanan
- PG and Research Department of Zoology, Nehru Memorial College (Autonomous), Puthanampatti - 621 007 Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Habibu Tijjani
- Department of Biochemistry, Natural Product Research Laboratory, Bauchi State University, Gadau, Nigeria
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicines, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Jonathan C Ifemeje
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli Campus, Anambra State -431124, Nigeria
| | - Michael C Olisah
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Anambra State -431124, Nigeria
| | - Chukwudi J Chikwendu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli Campus, Anambra State -431124, Nigeria
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Deyno S, Mtewa AG, Hope D, Bazira J, Makonnen E, Alele PE. Antibacterial Activities of Echinops kebericho Mesfin Tuber Extracts and Isolation of the Most Active Compound, Dehydrocostus Lactone. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:608672. [PMID: 33597879 PMCID: PMC7883827 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.608672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Echinops kebericho Mesfin is traditionally used for the treatment of various infectious diseases. This study investigated antibacterial activity of the essential oil (EO) and the different fractions of ethanol extract. The most active component was isolated and identified. Isolation and purification was accomplished using chromatographic techniques while identification was done by spectroscopic method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the broth micro-dilution method. In bioactive-guided isolation, percent inhibition was determined using optical density (OD) measurement. The MICs of the essential oil ranged from 78.125 μg/ml to 625 μg/ml, and its activity was observed against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA, NCTC 12493). Ethyl acetate fraction showed high activity against MRSA (NCTC 12493), MIC = 39.075 μg/ml followed by Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 49532), MIC = 78.125 μg/ml and was least active against Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 700603), MIC = 1,250 μg/ml. MIC of hexane fraction ranged from 156.2 µg/ml to Escherichia coli (ATCC 49532) to 1,250 μg/ml to E. coli (NCTC 11954). The MICs of chloroform fraction ranged from 312.5 to 2500 μg/ml; while butanol fraction could be considered pharmacologically inactive as its MIC value was 2,500 μg/ml for all and no activity against E. coli (NCTC 11954). Dehydrocostus lactone was successfully isolated and identified whose MIC was 19.53 μg/ml against MRSA. Dehydrocostus lactone isolated from E. kebericho M. showed noteworthy antibacterial activity which lends support to ethnopharmacological use of the plant. Further optimization should be done to improve its antibacterial activities and pharmacokinetic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serawit Deyno
- Department of Pharmacology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia.,Pharmbiotechnology and Traditional Medicine Center of Excellence (PHARMBIOTRAC), Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Andrew G Mtewa
- Chemistry Section, Department of Applied Sciences, Malawi Institute of Technology, Malawi University of Science and Technology, Limbe, Malawi
| | - Derick Hope
- MSF Mbarara Research Base, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Joel Bazira
- Department of Microbiology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Eyasu Makonnen
- Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Paul E Alele
- Department of Pharmacology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
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14
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Okella H, Georrge JJ, Ochwo S, Ndekezi C, Koffi KT, Aber J, Ajayi CO, Fofana FG, Ikiriza H, Mtewa AG, Nkamwesiga J, Bassogog CBB, Kato CD, Ogwang PE. New Putative Antimicrobial Candidates: In silico Design of Fish-Derived Antibacterial Peptide-Motifs. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:604041. [PMID: 33344436 PMCID: PMC7744477 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.604041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance remains a great threat to global health. In response to the World Health Organizations’ global call for action, nature has been explored for novel and safe antimicrobial candidates. To date, fish have gained recognition as potential source of safe, broad spectrum and effective antimicrobial therapeutics. The use of computational methods to design antimicrobial candidates of industrial application has however, been lagging behind. To fill the gap and contribute to the current fish-derived antimicrobial peptide repertoire, this study used Support Vector Machines algorithm to fish out fish-antimicrobial peptide-motif candidates encrypted in 127 peptides submitted at the Antimicrobial Peptide Database (APD3), steered by their physico-chemical characteristics (i.e., positive net charge, hydrophobicity, stability, molecular weight and sequence length). The best two novel antimicrobial peptide-motifs (A15_B, A15_E) with the lowest instability index (−28.25, −22.49, respectively) and highest isoelectric point (pI) index (10.48 for each) were selected for further analysis. Their 3D structures were predicted using I-TASSER and PEP-FOLD servers while ProSA, PROCHECK, and ANOLEA were used to validate them. The models predicted by I-TASSER were found to be better than those predicted by PEP-FOLD upon validation. Two I-TASSER models with the lowest c-score of −0.10 and −0.30 for A15_B and A15_E peptide-motifs, respectively, were selected for docking against known bacterial-antimicrobial target-proteins retrieved from protein databank (PDB). Carbapenam-3-carboxylate synthase (PDB ID; 4oj8) yielded the lowest docking energy (−8.80 and −7.80 Kcal/mol) against motif A15_B and A15_E, respectively, using AutoDock VINA. Further, in addition to Carbapenam-3-carboxylate synthase, these peptides (A15_B and A15_E) were found to as well bind to membrane protein (PDB ID: 1by3) and Carbapenem synthetase (PDB: 1q15) when ClusPro and HPEPDOCK tools were used. The membrane protein yielded docking energy scores (DES): −290.094, −270.751; coefficient weight (CW): −763.6, 763.3 for A15_B and A15_E) whereas, Carbapenem synthetase (PDB: 1q15) had a DES of −236.802, −262.75 and a CW of −819.7, −829.7 for peptides A15_B and A15_E, respectively. Motif A15_B of amino acid positions 2–19 in Pleurocidin exhibited the strongest in silico antimicrobial potentials. This segment could be a good biological candidate of great application in pharmaceutical industries as an antimicrobial drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedmon Okella
- Pharm-Biotechnology and Traditional Medicine Center, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - John J Georrge
- Department of Bioinformatics, Christ College, Rajkot, India
| | - Sylvester Ochwo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Bio-Security, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Christian Ndekezi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Bio-Security, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Kevin Tindo Koffi
- Biotechnology Engineering Department, V. V. P College of Engineering, Rajkot, India
| | - Jacqueline Aber
- Pharm-Biotechnology and Traditional Medicine Center, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Clement Olusoji Ajayi
- Pharm-Biotechnology and Traditional Medicine Center, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Fatoumata Gnine Fofana
- Department of Bioinformatics, African Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics, University of Science, Technique and Technology, Bamako, Mali
| | - Hilda Ikiriza
- Pharm-Biotechnology and Traditional Medicine Center, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Andrew G Mtewa
- Pharm-Biotechnology and Traditional Medicine Center, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.,Chemistry Section, Malawi Institute of Technology, Malawi University of Science and Technology, Thyolo, Malawi
| | - Joseph Nkamwesiga
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Bio-Security, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.,International Livestock Research Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Charles Drago Kato
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Bio-Security, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Patrick Engeu Ogwang
- Pharm-Biotechnology and Traditional Medicine Center, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
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15
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Geresu GD, Sondesa DT, Yadesa TM, Mtewa AG, Abebe BA. Drug use evaluation in pregnant women attending antenatal care in Shashemene Referral Hospital, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. SAGE Open Med 2020; 8:2050312120959178. [PMID: 32999721 PMCID: PMC7506789 DOI: 10.1177/2050312120959178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The main aim of this study was to estimate relative proportions of medication
use according to different pregnancy risk categories (A, B, C, D, X) among
pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) visits at Shashemene Referral
Hospital. Methods: A hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at
Shashemene referral hospital from February 2016 to February 2017. Structured
data collection form was used to capture data from patient medication cards.
SPSS version 16.0 was used to analyze the results after entering and
importing from MS-Excel. Results: A total of 317 pregnant women cards were collected and assessed during the
study period in May, 2017. Most, 208(65.6%), of the pregnant women were in
their second trimester of pregnancy followed by third trimester, 78(24.6%).
Tetanus prevention in pregnancy, 274(86.4%), was the most common reason for
drug use. Number of medications prescribed was highest, 384(68.2%), in
second trimester followed by third trimester, 130(23.1%). More than half,
305(54.2%), of the drugs prescribed were under category C, tetanus toxoid
(TT) vaccine alone accounting for 274 (89.8%) of them, followed by 36.8%
from category A. Conclusion: Vaccines, vitamins and minerals were the most frequently prescribed
medications. The overall drug use condition during pregnancy in this study
was inappropriate as more than half of the prescribed medications were from
category C. On the other hand, category X medications were not
prescribed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrew G Mtewa
- Department of Chemistry, Malawi University of Science and Technology, Thyolo, Malawi
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16
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Mathew LS, Mtewa AG, Ajayi CO, Deyno S, Weisheit A, Tolo CU, Deng AL, Engeu Ogwang P. Ethnopharmacology, Pharmacology and Phytochemistry of Aristolochia bracteolata Lam: A Review of an Antimalarial Plant. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.24248/easci-d-19-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Chikowe I, Mnyenyembe M, Jere S, Mtewa AG, Mponda J, Lampiao F. An Ethnomedicinal Survey of Indigenous Knowledge on Medicinal Plants in the Traditional Authority Chikowi in Zomba, Malawi. CTM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083805666190821104434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
Medicinal plants and ethnomedicinal studies continue playing a
significant role in herbal products development and traditional knowledge conservation.
Calls for ethnomedicinal studies have increased recently to unleash the potential in medicinal
plants and document verbal traditional knowledge. This study recorded the medicinal plants
administered by traditional practitioners in the Traditional Authority Chikowi area of Zomba
district in Malawi.
Methodology:
This cross-sectional study was conducted for 2 weeks in September 2017.
Semi-structured questionnaires were administered to traditional medicine practitioners using
snowball sampling in the company of botany personnel from the National Herbarium and
Botanical Gardens (NHBG). Data collected included plant local names, medicinal uses, parts
used, preparation methods and administration methods to clients. Some species were photographed
and identified in the field by the NHBG officers.
Results:
Five traditional practitioners were interviewed. Fifty-nine medicinal plant species
belonging to 38 families were used as prophylaxis and treatment for 27 communicable and
non-communicable diseases/conditions. Fabaceae family (papilionoideae 11.9%, mimosoideae
5.1%, caesalpinioideae 1.7%) had the largest percentage of species (18.6%). Preparation
methods ranged from infusion (38.0%) to cream (2.0%). Of these, 86.0%, 12.0% and
2.0% were administered orally, topically and rectally respectively. Roots were the most used
part (60.8%) while the least used was flowers (1.3%). Nearly two-thirds were trees or shrubs
(32.2% each).
Conclusion:
The area has a rich biodiversity of medicinal plant species and knowledge scientists
can use as a baseline for identification of plant species, bioactive compounds and
preparations with useful medicinal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Chikowe
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Moira Mnyenyembe
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Stuart Jere
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Andrew G. Mtewa
- Chemistry Section, Department of Applied Sciences, Malawi University of Science and Technology, Thyolo, Uganda
| | - John Mponda
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Fanuel Lampiao
- Africa Centre of Excellence in Public Health and Herbal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Zomba, Malawi
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Peter EL, Mtewa AG, Nagendrappa PB, Kaligirwa A, Sesaazi CD. Systematic review and meta-analysis protocol for efficacy and safety of Momordica charantia L. on animal models of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Syst Rev 2020; 9:7. [PMID: 31915054 PMCID: PMC6950794 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-019-1265-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on several preclinical models of type 2 diabetes mellitus have been conducted to establish the hypoglycemic activity of Momordica charantia L. Concerned with appropriateness of these models, we designed a systematic review to establish the efficacy and safety of M. charantia L. in preclinical models of type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS Review authors will search without language restriction in MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and CINAHL databases through April 2019. Search filters will be applied to enhance search efficiency. The authors will search for gray literature in Google and Google Scholar, OpenGrey, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. Two authors will evaluate full texts, extract data, and asses risk of bias independently. The review will include randomized or non-randomized studies that assessed the efficacy or safety of M. charantia L. with vehicle control group. The primary endpoint will be fasting blood glucose level. We will use Egger's test to assess publication biases. Chi-square test and I2 will be used to assess heterogeneity in effect size of the primary outcome. Using RevMan software version 5.3, the authors will perform a meta-analysis of quantitative data. DISCUSSION The strength of evidence will be rated as high, moderate, low, or very low using GRADE framework for animal studies. This systematic review will potentially improve research practice by identifying risks of bias and design features that compromise translatability and contribute to evidence-based clinical trial design. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42019119181.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel L. Peter
- Pharm-Biotechnology and Traditional Medicine Center of Excellence (PHARMBIOTRAC), Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
- Department of Innovation, Technology transfer & Commercialization, National Institute for Medical Research, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Andrew G. Mtewa
- Pharm-Biotechnology and Traditional Medicine Center of Excellence (PHARMBIOTRAC), Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
- Chemistry Section, Department of Applied Sciences, Malawi Institute of Technology, Malawi University of Science & Technology, Limbe, Malawi
| | - Prakash B. Nagendrappa
- Centre for Local Health Traditions & Policy, Trans-disciplinary University (TDU), Bengaluru, India
| | - Anita Kaligirwa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Crispin Duncan Sesaazi
- Pharm-Biotechnology and Traditional Medicine Center of Excellence (PHARMBIOTRAC), Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
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