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Khalid R, Mahmood S, Mohamed Sofian Z, Hilles AR, Hashim NM, Ge Y. Microneedles and Their Application in Transdermal Delivery of Antihypertensive Drugs-A Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2029. [PMID: 37631243 PMCID: PMC10459756 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most cutting-edge, effective, and least invasive pharmaceutical innovations is the utilization of microneedles (MNs) for drug delivery, patient monitoring, diagnostics, medicine or vaccine delivery, and other medical procedures (e.g., intradermal vaccination, allergy testing, dermatology, and blood sampling). The MN-based system offers many advantages, such as minimal cost, high medical effectiveness, comparatively good safety, and painless drug application. Drug delivery through MNs can possibly be viewed as a viable instrument for various macromolecules (e.g., proteins, peptides, and nucleic acids) that are not efficiently administered through traditional approaches. This review article provides an overview of MN-based research in the transdermal delivery of hypertensive drugs. The critical attributes of microneedles are discussed, including the mechanism of drug release, pharmacokinetics, fabrication techniques, therapeutic applications, and upcoming challenges. Furthermore, the therapeutic perspective and improved bioavailability of hypertensive drugs that are poorly aqueous-soluble are also discussed. This focused review provides an overview of reported studies and the recent progress of MN-based delivery of hypertensive drugs, paving the way for future pharmaceutical uses. As MN-based drug administration bypasses first-pass metabolism and the high variability in drug plasma levels, it has grown significantly more important for systemic therapy. In conclusion, MN-based drug delivery of hypertensive drugs for increasing bioavailability and patient compliance could support a new trend of hypertensive drug delivery and provide an alternative option, overcoming the restrictions of the current dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramsha Khalid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (R.K.); (Z.M.S.)
| | - Syed Mahmood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (R.K.); (Z.M.S.)
| | - Zarif Mohamed Sofian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (R.K.); (Z.M.S.)
| | - Ayah R. Hilles
- INHART, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Gombak, Kuala Lumpur 53100, Malaysia;
| | - Najihah Mohd Hashim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
- Center for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Yi Ge
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
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Riaz M, Khalid R, Afzal M, Anjum F, Fatima H, Zia S, Rasool G, Egbuna C, Mtewa AG, Uche CZ, Aslam MA. Phytobioactive compounds as therapeutic agents for human diseases: A review. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:2500-2529. [PMID: 37324906 PMCID: PMC10261751 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytobioactive compounds are plant secondary metabolites and bioactive compounds abundantly present in medicinal plants and have remarkable therapeutic potential. Oxidative stress and antibiotic resistance are major causes of present-day ailments such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disorders, cancer, and inflammation. The data for this review were collected from Google Scholar, PubMed, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), and Science Direct by using keywords: "Medicinal plants, Phytobioactive compounds, Polyphenols, Alkaloids, Carotenoids etc." Several studies have reported the pharmacological and therapeutic potential of the phytobioactives. Polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenes, and polysaccharides isolated from medicinal plants showed remarkable antioxidant, anticancer, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, and antidiabetic activities. This literature review was planned to provide comprehensive insight into the biopharmacological and therapeutic potential of phytobioactive compounds. The techniques used for the extraction and isolation of phytobioactive compounds, and bioassays required for their biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities, have been discussed. Characterization techniques for the structural elucidation of phytobioactive compounds such as HPLC, TLC, FTIR, GC-MS/MS, and NMR have also been discussed. This review concludes that phytobioactive compounds may be used as potential alternative to synthetic compounds as therapeutic agents for the treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Allied Health SciencesUniversity of SargodhaSargodhaPakistan
| | - Ramsha Khalid
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan
| | | | - Fozia Anjum
- Department of ChemistryGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Hina Fatima
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Central PunjabLahorePakistan
| | - Saadiya Zia
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- Department of Allied Health SciencesUniversity of SargodhaSargodhaPakistan
| | - Chukwuebuka Egbuna
- Africa Centre of Excellence in Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE‐PUTOR), Nutritional Biochemistry and Toxicology UnitUniversity of Port‐HarcourtPort HarcourtNigeria
| | - Andrew G. Mtewa
- Chemistry Section, Malawi Institute of TechnologyMalawi University of Science and TechnologyLimbeMalawi
| | - Chukwuemelie Zedech Uche
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of NigeriaEnuguNigeria
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Sumera A, Sundram ER, Kwa SK, Khalid R, Devi S, Majeed ZA, Jafaar S. Full blood count values in adolescents and its comparison by gender and ethnicity in Seremban district, Malaysia. Med J Malaysia 2022; 77:433-439. [PMID: 35902932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is when an individual undergoes development and growth. Many studies suggest variations in the number and size of blood cells during this period in various individuals. The full blood count (FBC) is often the starting point of medical investigations, which help diagnose a wide range of illnesses, infections, and diseases. This study aimed to report the mean FBC values and compare them by gender and ethnicity, using blood results from the thalassemia screening programme in Seremban District, Malaysia. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study used secondary data from the thalassemia screening programme on Form 4 students aged 15-16 years from January 2018 to October 2018 by the Seremban District Health Office, Malaysia. These students participated in the thalassemia screening programme in which their blood samples were taken for FBC analysis. The data were extracted for this study. RESULTS There were statistically significant gender-based differences for total white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophils, lymphocytes, mixed WBC, and platelets. It was also observed that ethnic-specific differences were statistically significant for RBC count, platelets, platelet distribution width and mean platelet volume. CONCLUSION This study was able to report the mean FBC values among Malaysian adolescents with respect to their gender and ethnicity, of which there is a lack of published data.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sumera
- International Medical University, School of medicine, Department of Pathology, Malaysia.
| | - E R Sundram
- Port Dickson District Health Office, Malaysia
| | - S K Kwa
- International Medical University, Department of Family Medicine, Malaysia
| | - R Khalid
- Pegawai Perubatan, Penyelaras Unit Kesihatan Sekolah Daerah Seremban, Malaysia
| | - S Devi
- International Medical University, Department of Family Medicine, Malaysia
| | - Z A Majeed
- International Medical University, Department of Psychiatry, Malaysia
| | - S Jafaar
- International Medical University, Department of Family Medicine, Malaysia
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Chatterjee D, Rezwan N, Vernon N, Khalid R, Holman R, Naghibi M, Donnelly S, Gabe S. Monitoring bone mineral density in patients with chronic intestinal failure on home parenteral nutrition – a national centre experience. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ansari B, Altafa J, Ramzan A, Ahmed Z, Khalil S, Qamar SUR, Awan SA, Jehangir K, Khalid R, Aziz S, Sultana T, Sultana S, Alsamadany H, Alshamrani R, Awan FS. Molecular Phylogenetics of Physa acuta (Pulmonata: Basommatophora): an Invasive species in Central Punjab Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e246984. [PMID: 34431913 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.246984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Physids belong to Class Gastropoda; belong to Phylum Mollusca and being bioindicators, intermediate hosts of parasites and pests hold a key position in the ecosystem. There are three species of Genus Physa i.e. P. fontinalis, Physa acuta and P. gyrina water bodies of Central Punjab and were characterized on the basis of molecular markers High level of genetic diversity was revealed by polymorphic RAPD, however SSR markers were not amplified. The multivariate analysis revealed polymorphism ranging from 9.09 percent to 50 percent among the three Physid species. Total number of 79 loci were observed for the three species under study and 24 loci were observed to be polymorphic. These RAPD fragment(s) can be developed into co dominant markers (SCAR) by cloning and can be further sequenced for the development of the Physa species specific markers to identify the introduced and native species in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ansari
- Government College University Faisalabad, Department of Zoology, Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | - A Ramzan
- Government College University Faisalabad, Department of Zoology, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Z Ahmed
- University of Agriculture, Center for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security - CAS-AFS, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - S Khalil
- The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Faculty of Agriculture & Environmental Science, Department Forestry Range & Wildlife Management, Bagdad Ul Jadeed Campus, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - S U R Qamar
- Government College University Faisalabad, Department of Zoology, Punjab, Pakistan.,Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Lak Si, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - S A Awan
- University of Agriculture, Department of Computer Science, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - K Jehangir
- Government College University Faisalabad, Department of Zoology, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - R Khalid
- Government College University Faisalabad, Department of Zoology, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - S Aziz
- Government College University Faisalabad, Department of Zoology, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - T Sultana
- Government College University Faisalabad, Department of Zoology, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - S Sultana
- Government College University Faisalabad, Department of Zoology, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - H Alsamadany
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Alshamrani
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - F S Awan
- University of Agriculture, Center of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Aziz S, Altaf J, Ramzan A, Ahmed Z, Qamar SUR, Awan SA, Khalil S, Jehangir K, Khalid R, Ansari B, Sultana T, Sultana S, Alsamadany H, Alshamrani R, Awan FS. Characterization of the species of genus Physa on the basis of typological species concept from Central Punjab. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e246934. [PMID: 34431912 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.246934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Physids belong to Class Gastropoda; Phylum Mollusca have important position in food web and act as bio indicators, pests and intermediate host. Being resistant these are called cockroaches of malacology. Physid snails were collected from different water bodies of Faisalabad (Punjab) and were identified up to species using morphological markers. The morphometry of the specimens was carried out with the help of a digital Vernier caliper in millimeters (mm) using linear measurement of shell characters. Linear regression analysis of the AL/SW ratio vs AL and SL/SW ratio vs AL indicated that allometric growth exists only in Physa acuta when compared with P.gyrina and P. fontinalis. This study will lead to assess the status of the Physid species in Central Punjab. The Principal component analysis shows that the Component 1 (Shell Length) and component 2 (Shell Width) are the most prolific components and nearly 80 percent of the identification. The distance between P. acuta and P. fontinalis is 5.4699, P. acuta and P. gyrina is 7.6411, P. fontinalis and P. gyrina is 16.6080 showing that P. acuta resembles with P. fontinalis, and both these specimens donot resemble with P. gyrina. P.acuta is an invasive species and shows bioactivity making it a potent candidate for bioactive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aziz
- Government College University Faisalabad Department of Zoology, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - J Altaf
- Government College University Faisalabad Department of Zoology, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - A Ramzan
- Government College University Faisalabad Department of Zoology, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Z Ahmed
- University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics; Center for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security (CAS-AFS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - S U R Qamar
- Government College University Faisalabad Department of Zoology, Punjab, Pakistan.,Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Lak Si, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - S A Awan
- University of Agriculture, Faisalabad Department of Computer Science, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - S Khalil
- The Islamia University Bahawalpur Department Forestry Range & Wildlife Management, Faculty of Agriculture & Environmental Science, Bagdad Ul Jadeed Campus, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - K Jehangir
- Government College University Faisalabad Department of Zoology, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - R Khalid
- Government College University Faisalabad Department of Zoology, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - B Ansari
- Government College University Faisalabad Department of Zoology, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - T Sultana
- Government College University Faisalabad Department of Zoology, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - S Sultana
- Government College University Faisalabad Department of Zoology, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - H Alsamadany
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Alshamrani
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - F S Awan
- University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Anwar MF, Khalid R, Hasanain A, Naeem S, Zarina S, Abidi SH, Ali S. Integrated Cheminformatics-Molecular Docking Approach to Drug Discovery Against Viruses. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2020; 20:150-159. [PMID: 30345931 DOI: 10.2174/1871526518666181019162359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the current study, we present an integrated in silico cheminformaticsmolecular docking approach to screen and test potential therapeutic compounds against viruses. Fluoroquinolones have been shown to inhibit HCV replication by targeting HCV NS3-helicase. Based on this observation, we hypothesized that natural analogs of fluoroquinolones will have similar or superior inhibitory potential while having potentially fewer adverse effects. METHODS To screen for natural analogs of fluoroquinolones, we devised an integrated in silico Cheminformatics-Molecular Docking approach. We used 17 fluoroquinolones as bait reference, to screen large databases of natural analogs. 10399 natural compounds and their derivatives were retrieved from the databases. From these compounds, molecules bearing physicochemical similarities with fluoroquinolones were analyzed using a cheminformatics-docking approach. RESULTS From the 10399 compounds screened using our cheminformatics approach, only 20 compounds were found to share physicochemical similarities with fluoroquinolones, while the remaining 10379 compounds were physiochemically different from fluoroquinolones. Molecular docking analysis showed 32 amino acids in the HCV NS3 active site that were most frequently targeted by fluoroquinolones and their natural analogues, indicating a functional similarity between the two groups of compounds. CONCLUSION This study describes a speedy and inexpensive approach to complement drug discovery and design against viral agents. The in silico analyses we used here can be employed to shortlist promising compounds/putative drugs that can be further tested in wet-lab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Faraz Anwar
- National Center for Proteomics, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.,Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ramsha Khalid
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Sadaf Naeem
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shamshad Zarina
- National Center for Proteomics, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Hani Abidi
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Syed Ali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
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Rasool MF, Khalid R, Imran I, Majeed A, Saeed H, Alasmari F, Alanazi MM, Alqahtani F. Investigating the Role of Altered Systemic Albumin Concentration on the Disposition of Theophylline in Adult and Pediatric Patients with Asthma by Using the Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Approach. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:570-579. [PMID: 32393652 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.090969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Theophylline is commonly used for the treatment of asthma and has a low hepatic clearance. The changes in plasma albumin concentration occurring in asthma may affect the exposure of theophylline. The aim of the presented work was to predict theophylline pharmacokinetics (PK) after incorporating the changes in plasma albumin concentration occurring in patients with asthma into a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to see whether these changes can affect the systemic theophylline concentrations in asthma. The PBPK model was developed following a systematic model building approach using Simcyp. The predictions were performed initially in healthy adults after intravenous and oral drug administration. Only when the developed adult PBPK model had adequately predicted theophylline PK in healthy adults, the changes in plasma albumin concentrations were incorporated into the model for predicting drug exposure in patients with asthma. After evaluation of the developed model in the adult population, it was scaled to children on physiologic basis. The model evaluation was performed by using visual predictive checks and comparison of ratio of observed and predicted (Robs/Pre) PK parameters along with their 2-fold error range. The developed PBPK model has effectively described theophylline PK in both healthy and diseased populations, as Robs/Pre for all the PK parameters were within the 2-fold error limit. The predictions in patients with asthma showed that there were no significant changes in PK parameters after incorporating the changes in serum albumin concentration. The mechanistic nature of the developed asthma-PBPK model can facilitate its extension to other drugs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Exposure of a low hepatic clearance drug like theophylline may be susceptible to plasma albumin concentration changes that occur in asthma. These changes in systemic albumin concentrations can be incorporated into a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to predict theophylline pharmacokinetics in adult and pediatric asthma populations. The presented work is focused on predicting theophylline absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination in adult and pediatric asthma populations after incorporating reported changes in serum albumin concentrations to see their impact on the systemic theophylline concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Fawad Rasool
- Departments of Pharmacy Practice (M.F.R., R.K., A.M.) and Pharmacology (I.I.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan; Section of Pharmaceutics, University College of Pharmacy, Allama Iqbal Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan (H.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (F.F.A., M.M.A., F.A.)
| | - Ramsha Khalid
- Departments of Pharmacy Practice (M.F.R., R.K., A.M.) and Pharmacology (I.I.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan; Section of Pharmaceutics, University College of Pharmacy, Allama Iqbal Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan (H.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (F.F.A., M.M.A., F.A.)
| | - Imran Imran
- Departments of Pharmacy Practice (M.F.R., R.K., A.M.) and Pharmacology (I.I.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan; Section of Pharmaceutics, University College of Pharmacy, Allama Iqbal Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan (H.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (F.F.A., M.M.A., F.A.)
| | - Abdul Majeed
- Departments of Pharmacy Practice (M.F.R., R.K., A.M.) and Pharmacology (I.I.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan; Section of Pharmaceutics, University College of Pharmacy, Allama Iqbal Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan (H.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (F.F.A., M.M.A., F.A.)
| | - Hamid Saeed
- Departments of Pharmacy Practice (M.F.R., R.K., A.M.) and Pharmacology (I.I.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan; Section of Pharmaceutics, University College of Pharmacy, Allama Iqbal Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan (H.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (F.F.A., M.M.A., F.A.)
| | - Fawaz Alasmari
- Departments of Pharmacy Practice (M.F.R., R.K., A.M.) and Pharmacology (I.I.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan; Section of Pharmaceutics, University College of Pharmacy, Allama Iqbal Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan (H.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (F.F.A., M.M.A., F.A.)
| | - Mohammed Mufadhe Alanazi
- Departments of Pharmacy Practice (M.F.R., R.K., A.M.) and Pharmacology (I.I.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan; Section of Pharmaceutics, University College of Pharmacy, Allama Iqbal Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan (H.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (F.F.A., M.M.A., F.A.)
| | - Faleh Alqahtani
- Departments of Pharmacy Practice (M.F.R., R.K., A.M.) and Pharmacology (I.I.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan; Section of Pharmaceutics, University College of Pharmacy, Allama Iqbal Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan (H.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (F.F.A., M.M.A., F.A.)
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Waters D, Khalid R, Omeire F, Jones B. Greenlight XPS laser Photoselective Vapourization of Prostate (P.V.P.) in high risk patients. Int J Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2018.05.629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Eqani SAMAS, Khalid R, Bostan N, Saqib Z, Mohmand J, Rehan M, Ali N, Katsoyiannis IA, Shen H. Human lead (Pb) exposure via dust from different land use settings of Pakistan: A case study from two urban mountainous cities. Chemosphere 2016; 155:259-265. [PMID: 27129063 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The current study aims to determine the dust-borne lead (Pb) levels into outdoor dust, which were collected from the areas nearby the cities/districts of Islamabad and Swat in Pakistan. In general dust samples from all land use settings (industrial, urban and rural) showed significantly higher (p<0.05) Pb-levels (median, ppm) from Islamabad (110, 52, 24) than those of Swat district (75, 37, 21), respectively. Index of Geo-accumulation (Igeo values) indicated that industrial and urban areas of both sites were highly polluted due to severe anthropogenic influence, whereas the rural areas were in most parts unpolluted and where moderately polluted, this was mainly due to geological factors and short and/or long distance atmospheric deposition from surrounding polluted areas. According to the calculated chemical daily intake (mg/kg-day) values, dust ingestion is one of the major routes of human exposure for lead. Hazard Index (HI) values, calculated for both adult and children populations, were above unity in industrial and urban areas, indicating serious health risks especially to the children populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ali Musstjab Akber Shah Eqani
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, PR China; Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Environmental Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Ramsha Khalid
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Environmental Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazish Bostan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Environmental Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zafeer Saqib
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Environmental Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jawad Mohmand
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Environmental Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Rehan
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadeem Ali
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ioannis A Katsoyiannis
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Box 116, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Heqing Shen
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, PR China
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Korir M, Wachira F, Wanyoko J, Ngure R, Khalid R. The fortification of tea with sweeteners and milk and its effect on in vitro antioxidant potential of tea product and glutathione levels in an animal model. Food Chem 2014; 145:145-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Parekh M, Majeed H, Khan T, Khan A, Khalid S, Khwaja N, Khalid R, Khan M, Rizqui I, Jehan I. Fc24-01 - Ego defense mechanisms in pakistani medical students: a cross sectional analysis. Eur Psychiatry 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73649-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundEgo defense mechanisms, defined by Freud as unconscious resources used by the ego to reduce conflict between the id and superego, are a reflection of how an individual deals with conflict and stress. Vaillants’ proposed Hierarchy of Defenses states that mature defenses are associated with better adaptive functioning and health, as opposed to immature defense which are correlated negatively with measures of adaptive adult functioning.ObjectivesThis study assesses the prevalence of various ego defense mechanisms employed by medical students of Karachi, which is a group with higher stress levels than the general population.MethodsA questionnaire based cross-sectional study was conducted on 682 students from five major medical colleges of Karachi in November 2006. Ego defense mechanisms were assessed using the Defense Style Questionnaire(DSQ-40) individually and as grouped under Mature, Immature, and Neurotic factors.ResultsNeurotic defenses had a higher mean score(5.62) than Mature(5.60) and Immature(4.78) mechanisms. Immature mechanisms were more commonly employed by males whereas females employed more Neurotic mechanisms than males. Neurotic and Immature defenses were significantly more prevalent in first and second year students. Mature mechanisms were significantly higher in students enrolled in Government colleges than Private institutions (p< 0.05).ConclusionsNeurotic mechanisms are more commonly encountered than Mature or Immature mechanisms among medical students of Karachi, and this could reflect greater stress levels than the general population. Employment of these mechanisms was associated with female gender, enrollment in a private medical college, and students enrolled in the first 2 years of medical school.
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El Baaj M, Tabache F, Modden K, Hassikou H, Safi S, Khalid R, Hadri L. La pyomyosite : une complication infectieuse du lupus érythémateux systémique. Rev Med Interne 2010; 31:e4-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2009.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Revised: 02/07/2009] [Accepted: 03/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mehta C, Masson G, Iqbal Z, O'Mahony F, Khalid R. Prevalence of excessive alcohol consumption in pregnancy. Public Health 2009; 123:630-1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2009.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2009] [Revised: 04/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Mallick A, Singha H, Khan S, Anwar T, Ansari M, Khalid R, Chaudhuri P, Owais M. Escheriosome-mediated delivery of recombinant ribosomal L7/L12 protein confers protection against murine brucellosis. Vaccine 2007; 25:7873-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2007] [Revised: 08/31/2007] [Accepted: 09/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jawad F, Zafar MN, Aziz T, Khalid R, Naqvi SAA, Rizvi SAH. Living kidney donation-benefits of a follow up clinic. Transplant Proc 2003; 35:2561. [PMID: 14612016 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2003.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Jawad
- Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), Dow Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan.
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Rizvi SAH, Naqvi SAA, Hussain Z, Hashmi A, Akhtar F, Zafar MN, Hussain M, Ahmed E, Kazi JI, Hasan AS, Khalid R, Aziz S, Sultan S. Living-related pediatric renal transplants: a single-center experience from a developing country. Pediatr Transplant 2002; 6:101-10. [PMID: 12000464 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3046.2002.01039.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We retrospectively analyzed the results of 75 living-related pediatric renal transplants performed at our center between January 1986 and December 1999. The major causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) were glomerulonephritis (26%) and nephrolithiasis (16%), while the etiology was unknown in 50%. The mean age of the recipients was 12 yr (range 6-17 yr) and that of the donors was 39 yr (range 20-65 yr). The majority (73%) of donors were parents. Eighty five per cent of donors were one-haplotype matched and the rest identical. Immunosuppression was based on a triple drug regimen. Thirty per cent of recipients were rapid metabolizers of cyclosporin A (CsA) (area under the curve [AUC]: < 6,000 ng/mL/h), while 16% were slow metabolizers (AUC: > 8,000 ng/mL/h). Forty three (57%) children encountered 59 rejection episodes, the majority of which (59%) were recorded in the first month post-transplant. Seventy-four per cent of the rejection episodes were steroid sensitive and the rest, except two, were resolved by therapy with antithymocyte globulin (ATG) or orthoclone thymocyte 3 (OKT3). After a mean follow-up of 37 months, 17 (22%) grafts had chronic rejection and 76% of these recipients had previously experienced acute rejection episodes. The overall infection rate was high, necessitating two hospital admissions/patient/year. The majority (53%) of the infections were bacterial. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) were seen in 17 (23%) recipients. Twelve of these had ESRD as a result of stone disease and eight grafts were lost because of UTIs. Eight per cent of recipients developed tuberculosis (TB), and extra-pulmonary lesions were seen in 50%. Surgical complications were encountered in eight patients. Free medication to all recipients and parental support ensured a compliance rate of 93%. Baseline growth deficit was seen in children of the two groups studied (the 6-12 yr and 13-17 yr age-groups), with Z-scores of - 2.39 and - 2.12, respectively. No growth catch-up was observed at 12 and 24 months in either group. Post-donation complications were seen most commonly in donors > 50 yr of age and included: proteinuria (> 300 mg/24 h, four patients), hypertension (three patients), and diabetes (one patient). Twenty-four grafts were lost, 54% as a result of immunological and the rest as a result of non-immunological causes, and 17 recipients died during the follow-up period. Infections were the main cause of patient and graft loss. Overall 1- and 5-yr graft and patient survival rates were 88% and 65%, and 90% and 75%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A H Rizvi
- Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Dow Medical College and Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A H Rizvi
- Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), Dow Medical College, Karachi 74200, Pakistan.
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Rizvi A, Naqvi A, Hussain Z, Hussain M, Hashmi A, Akhtar F, Zafar MN, Ahmed E, Sultan S, Aziz S, Shehzad A, Khalid R. Why is it more difficult to transplant children? A perspective in developing countries. Transplant Proc 2001; 33:1742-3. [PMID: 11267494 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)02664-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Rizvi
- Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), Dow Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan.
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Abstract
It has been suggested that girls and women coming from a Muslim background in the Asian sub-continent are disadvantaged in the educational sphere. In this study two particular aspects of this suggested disadvantage are investigated. First, the importance of educating males rather than females and secondly, the issue of parental and husband's control over the rights of women to education and work. Twenty-six Muslim females living in a large Scottish town but of a Pakistani Punjabi background were interviewed in depth. The findings, that these women considered that it is as important to educate girls as it is to educate boys, and that they acquiesced in parental and husband's control over the rights of females to be educated and work, are discussed within a cross-cultural perspective. It is concluded that such issues cannot be isolated from traditional values about the importance of upholding family honour.
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Abstract
A 5-day study, forming the initial part of two 32-day clinical trials and involving 22 unipolar depressed inpatients, was designed to determine the relationship between response to sleep deprivation and 24-hour urinary MHPG levels. A statistically significant, positive relationship was noted between the sleep deprivation, modified total HAM-D scores and MHPG levels at postsleep deprivation, indicating that the greater the severity of depression during sleep deprivation the higher were the MHPG levels after the sleep deprivation period.
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Amin MM, Ban TA, Lehmann HE, Khalid R. R--806--03--01 in the treatment of depression: plasma levels and therapeutic response. Psychopharmacol Bull 1978; 14:31-3. [PMID: 625535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Amin MM, Cooper R, Khalid R, Lehmann HE. A comparison of desipramine and amitriptyline plasma levels and therapeutic response. Psychopharmacol Bull 1978; 14:45-6. [PMID: 343151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Khalid R, Amin MM, Ban TA. Desipramine plasma levels and therapeutic response. Psychopharmacol Bull 1978; 14:43-4. [PMID: 343150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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