1
|
The SUB-urothelial DUrvalumab InjEction-1 (SUBDUE-1) trial: first-in-human trial in patients with bladder cancer. BJU Int 2024. [PMID: 38469652 DOI: 10.1111/bju.16325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the safety of sub-urothelial injection of durvalumab and examine the impact on tissue and circulating immune cell populations. PATIENTS AND METHODS The patients were chemotherapy and immunotherapy naïve (bacille Calmette-Guérin allowed) with non-metastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer or non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer planned for radical cystectomy (RC). The study was a Phase Ib 3 + 3 dose-escalation design with sub-urothelial injection of durvalumab at three pre-determined doses (25, 75, 150 mg) diluted in 25 mL normal saline, injected at 25 locations (25 × 1 mL injections), at least 2 weeks before RC. RESULTS A total of 11 patients were recruited (10 male, one female). No significant changes were reported on American Urological Association Symptom Score or O'Leary Interstitial Cystitis Scale. In all, 14 adverse events (AEs) were reported (10 Grade 1, three Grade 2, one Grade 3), none considered immune-related. No Grade 4 or 5 AEs were recorded. All the patients underwent RC. Tissue immune populations changed following durvalumab injection (P = 0.012), with a statistically significant increase in M2-macrophage (CD163) when comparing the 25-150 mg dose (P = 0.021). Basal/mixed cancers showed a larger CD163 increase than luminal cancers (P = 0.033). CONCLUSION Sub-urothelial injection of durvalumab is feasible and safe without immune-related AEs and shows local immunological effects.
Collapse
|
2
|
Fremantle protocol: Multicenter clinical outcomes for a pragmatic protocol for intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2023; 19:697-705. [PMID: 36659823 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.13933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the utility and efficacy of a multifaceted protocol for the administration of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). SUBJECTS AND METHODS A multicenter retrospective review was conducted among 83 patients undergoing Fremantle protocol intravesical BCG for NMIBC within 4 major hospitals in Western Australia between January 2016 and December 2018. The Fremantle protocol consists of weekly BCG instillations for 6 weeks during the induction phase, followed by monthly BCG instillations for 10 months during the maintenance phase with integrated clearance-to-proceed algorithms for urine MSU checks, flexible cystoscopies performed at 3 monthly intervals during maintenance BCG, and repeat GA cystoscopies with four quadrant bladder biopsies routinely obtained following the completion of induction and maintenance treatment. RESULTS For patients undergoing Fremantle protocol BCG, 98.8% (82/83) and 75.9% (63/83) of patients completed their induction and maintenance courses of BCG, respectively. Induction BCG was delivered over a median duration of 35 days (range 34-84 days), and maintenance BCG was delivered over a median duration of 266 days (range 1-682 days). The tumor recurrence rate was 10.8% (9/83) at the time of post-induction biopsies, 2.4% (2/83) during maintenance treatment, 0% (0/60) at the time of post-maintenance biopsies, and 8.8% (5/57) after a median further follow-up of 16 months (range 0-51 months). CONCLUSION The Fremantle protocol appears to be a safe and effective BCG regimen with several advantages over other BCG protocols, including high completion rates, low recurrence rates, and being highly pragmatic.
Collapse
|
3
|
Obligate respiratory chain complex III2IV2 supercomplexes of Actinobacteria. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION A FOUNDATIONS AND ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273322093433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
|
4
|
Anterior pelvic exenteration and synchronous bilateral nephroureterectomy for BK polyoma virus induced urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: A case report. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2022; 64:521-526. [PMID: 35856116 DOI: 10.3897/folmed.64.e77713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BK polyoma virus (BKV) is a known risk factor for the development of urothelial carcinoma. There is currently limited data on the management of BKV-induced urothelial carcinoma (BUC) of the bladder, with available data limited to case reports. It remains debatable whether radical cystectomy (RC) with removal of the native urinary tract or RC alone is the most optimal management for BUC of the bladder. BKV-induced urothelial carcinoma is rare, and its management is challenging in immunocompromised patients such as that of post-transplant patients. This case report provides additional insight into a rare disease, the management of which still lacks established guidelines and remains debatable.
Collapse
|
5
|
SUB-urothelial durvalumab injection: 1 (SUBDUE-1)—Results from the first nine urothelial cancer patients using a dose-escalation schedule. J Clin Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2022.40.6_suppl.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
483 Background: The sub-urothelial administration of checkpoint inhibitors has not been reported. This approach could be safer and more efficacious than systemic delivery for patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Methods: This phase 1b study employed a 3+3 dose-escalation design to explore tolerability, safety and immunological efficacy of sub-urothelial durvalumab, a programmed death-ligand 1 (PDL1) monoclonal antibody. Eligible participants had high risk NMIBC or MIBC without prior chemotherapy or immunotherapy (BCG allowed) and were planned for cystectomy. Participants received 25/75/150mg durvalumab diluted in 25mL normal saline injected into the sub-urothelium at 25 locations (25x1mL injections), at least 2 weeks prior to radical cystectomy. Systematic four quadrant cold cup bladder biopsies were taken immediately prior to durvalumab injection and immediately prior to cystectomy. Tumour, if present, was biopsied before and after injection and bladder maps recorded. International Prostate Symptom Index (IPSS) and O’Leary symptom score at various time points and adverse events (AE) as per CTCAE (Version 4) were recorded. Relative changes in immune cell counts (RCI) on bladder biopsy for CD3, CD8, CD68 and CD168 expressing cells are reported (value >1.0 designating increase). Results: Nine participants were recruited; eight male (89%), 1 female; mean age 72 years (range 56 – 82). No dose-limiting toxicities were observed. No evidence of treatment-related effect on IPSS or O’Leary Symptom scores was seen. Fourteen AEs were reported by six (67%) patients: 10 were Grade 1, 3 Grade 2, 1 Grade 3. None were considered immune- or treatment-related by investigators. Transient elevation of peri-operative thyroid stimulating hormone was seen in two subjects, which normalised without intervention. No hepatitis was seen. All patients underwent planned cystectomy. RCI of different immune populations was calculated (see Table). Visible tumour was present in only 4 patients limiting interpretation of RCI. RCI varied significantly between cell types (p=0.008*). RCI numerically increased by dose but did not reach statistical significance (p=0.076**). A numeric increase in monocytes was seen at 150mg dose. RCI of different immune populations by dose of sub-urothelial durvalumab. Conclusions: Sub-urothelial injection of durvalumab was safe at all 3 dose levels without any drug-related adverse events. Immunological studies showed differential effects on immune cells with macrophage population most affected. Further studies investigating the role of 150mg sub-urothelial durvalumab in the management of NMIBC are planned. Clinical trial information: ACTRN12620000063910.[Table: see text]
Collapse
|
6
|
A phase I open label dose-escalation study to evaluate the tolerability, safety and immunological efficacy of sub-urothelial durvalumab injection in adults with muscle-invasive or high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (SUBDUE-1, SUB-urothelial DUrvalumab injection-1 study): clinical trial protocol. BJU Int 2021; 128 Suppl 1:9-17. [PMID: 33960102 DOI: 10.1111/bju.15365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This article presents the clinical trial protocol for a phase I open label dose-escalation study to evaluate the tolerability, safety and immunological efficacy of sub-urothelial durvalumab injection in adults with muscle-invasive or high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), the SUB-urothelial DUrvalumab injection-1 study (SUBDUE-1). The primary objectives of this study are to assess the safety of sub-urothelial injection of durvalumab using patient reported outcome measures and observed local or systemic adverse events. The secondary objectives are to examine the local immunological efficacy of sub-urothelial administration of durvalumab. PATIENTS AND METHODS The SUBDUE-1 trial will include adult patients with either high-risk NMIBC or MIBC, who are scheduled for radical cystectomy or who have refused or are unsuitable for systemic neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Three fixed total dose levels of durvalumab (25, 75, 150 mg) will be studied to identify a dose suitable to be taken forward into phase II trials. The primary endpoint is to evaluate the safety and tolerability of the trial intervention in terms of the incidence and severity of adverse events and the potential establishment of dose-limiting toxicities. The secondary efficacy endpoints include rates of pT0 status at resection, lymph node status, as well as the change in distribution of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and tumour-activated macrophages between pre- and post-injection bladder biopsies. Translational studies will focus on bladder tumour molecular sub-typing, immune infiltrate characterisation, and immune checkpoint protein expression relative to efficacy end-points. OUTCOME AND SIGNIFICANCE If proven safe and effective, this novel strategy comprising sub-urothelial durvalumab injections aimed at promoting an anti-tumour immune reaction, will provide additional treatment options for reducing tumour recurrence and progression in treatment-naïve patients with high-risk NMIBC or in patients with bacille Calmette-Guérin-refractory NMIBC. Local administration of durvalumab may be associated with a reduced rate of immunological side-effects and lower costs when compared to systemic delivery.
Collapse
|
7
|
Sub-urothelial durvalumab injection-1 (SUBDUE-1): A novel approach to immunotherapy for bladder cancer. J Clin Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.6_suppl.tps503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TPS503 Background: Bladder cancer progression may be influenced by the host immunological response to the tumour. Cells strongly associated with this immunological response include Tumour Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) and Tumour-Associated Macrophages (TAMs). Several solid tumours, including bladder cancer can demonstrate good responses to systemic immuno-oncology (IO) agents, however, the efficacy of IO agents in localised bladder carcinoma remains less clear, although numerous trials are underway. One such IO agent is durvalumab, an antibody against the immune checkpoint protein programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). The sub-urothelial administration of immune therapeutic agents has not been reported. This method of administrating other agents such as Botulinum toxin has shown excellent feasibility and efficacy. Local delivery could have a number of therapeutic advantages and aligns more closely with the intra-vesical therapies commonly adopted in this clinical scenario. It remains unknown whether systemic effects (both beneficial and adverse) of PD-L1 blockade would be reduced by this mode of delivery. Our aim was to establish: a protocol for the sub-urothelial administration of durvalumab. the safety and tolerability of sub-urothelial administration of durvalumab to identify an appropriate dose for future phase II studies the local immunological efficacy of sub-urothelial administration of durvalumab by assessing the quantity and distribution of TILs and TAMs in pre- and post-administration biopsies Methods: This dose-finding Phase Ib trial is currently recruiting patients with invasive, high-grade bladder cancer (≥pT1) already scheduled for radical cystectomy. Cystoscopy under general anaesthesia and sub-urothelial injection of durvalumab will be performed a minimum of 2 weeks prior to cystectomy, utilising a 3+3 dose escalation design (25mg, 75mg, 150mg). The selected dose of durvalumab is diluted into 25mL of normal saline, and administered to the bladder using a 5Fr Bonee needle via 22Fr rigid cystoscope. PROMS, blood specimens, and tumour histopathology and immunohistochemistry at allocated times pre- and post-cystectomy are being collected for translational end-points. Analysis of safety and tolerability will be primarily descriptive in nature. This trial is registered with the Australian Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12620000063910, funded by ANZUP Below the Belt and has been approved by the appropriate institutional HREC. To date, four patients have been recruited. This study has a two-year recruitment target and is expected to finish recruiting in 2022. Clinical trial information: ACTRN12620000063910.
Collapse
|
8
|
Transrectal ultrasound biopsy of the prostate: does it still have a role in prostate cancer diagnosis? Transl Androl Urol 2020; 9:3018-3024. [PMID: 33457275 PMCID: PMC7807378 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2019.09.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided biopsy of the prostate has been a standard diagnostic approach for prostate cancer over the past thirty years. Today, the role of TRUS biopsy is being challenged by transperineal (TP) prostate biopsy due to concerns over the safety and diagnostic yield of TRUS biopsy. TRUS biopsy still offers a convenient, reliable and accessible tool for diagnosing prostate cancer in the majority of patients. It continues to play a role in prostate cancer diagnosis, especially where hospital resource allocation is limited, including the public sector. TRUS biopsy has low rates of severe complications, although there remains room for improvement in current practice to improve the tolerability and reduce the incidence of post-biopsy infection.
Collapse
|
9
|
Open partial nephrectomy for a collision renal cell carcinoma in a transplant kidney: A case report. Urol Case Rep 2020; 33:101286. [PMID: 33101994 PMCID: PMC7573757 DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2020.101286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A collision tumour of the kidney is a very rare condition defined by two immediately adjacent but histologically distinct neoplasms that coexist within one organ without histological admixture. We present a collision tumour in a transplant kidney treated with open partial nephrectomy. This case also highlights key surgical principles the enhanced risk of oncogenesis in transplant recipients, and some key principles for surgical resection of a tumour in a transplant kidney.
Collapse
|
10
|
'One Stop Prostate Clinic': prospective analysis of 1000 men attending a public same-day prostate cancer assessment and/or diagnostic clinic. ANZ J Surg 2020; 91:558-564. [PMID: 32975001 DOI: 10.1111/ans.16329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study reported the outcomes of the first 1000 men to attend the One Stop Prostate Clinic, a consultant-led same-day prostate cancer assessment and diagnostic clinic at a tertiary public hospital. METHODS Prospective audit of demographic and clinical data between August 2011 and November 2017 was conducted for same-day urological assessment and/or trans-rectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsies with peri-prostatic infiltration local anaesthetic (PILA) and antibiotic prophylaxis. RESULTS A total of 466 (47%) rural and 534 (53%) metropolitan men attended. Rural mean (range) age was 63 years (38-86) and 65 years (37-89) for metro men (P = 0.006). Rural median (range) prostate specific antigen (PSA) level was 6.7 g/mL (0.2-450) and 7.3 ng/mL (0.5-860) for metro men (P = 0.011). Twenty-five men (2.5%) refused/could not tolerate TRUS-guided biopsy using PILA. One hundred and fifty-one (15%) men had multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging prior to TRUS biopsy and 876 (88%) men had prostate biopsies, with a new cancer diagnostic rate of 51% (443 men). Clinically significant prostate cancer was detected in 339 (34%) men. The overall infective complication rate requiring hospital admission rose from 1.4% to 2.9% after the prophylactic antibiotic regimen changed from six doses of 500 mg ciprofloxacin to a single dose of 500 mg (P = 0.398). CONCLUSION This is the largest single institution prospective TRUS prostate biopsy series in Australasia. Biopsies using PILA were well tolerated with low complication rates and diagnosed a high rate of clinically significant prostate cancer. The 'One Stop' pathway generates efficiencies with combined assessment and diagnostic process, lessens demand on outpatient clinic appointments and reduces travel time and costs for rural men.
Collapse
|
11
|
Adaptation of a MR imaging protocol into a real-time clinical biometric ultrasound protocol for persons with spinal cord injury at risk for deep tissue injury: A reliability study. J Tissue Viability 2017; 27:32-41. [PMID: 28864351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtv.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High strain in soft tissues that overly bony prominences are considered a risk factor for pressure ulcers (PUs) following spinal cord impairment (SCI) and have been computed using Finite Element methods (FEM). The aim of this study was to translate a MRI protocol into ultrasound (US) and determine between-operator reliability of expert sonographers measuring diameter of the inferior curvature of the ischial tuberosity (IT) and the thickness of the overlying soft tissue layers on able-bodied (AB) and SCI using real-time ultrasound. MATERIAL AND METHODS Part 1: Fourteen AB participants with a mean age of 36.7 ± 12.09 years with 7 males and 7 females had their 3 soft tissue layers in loaded and unloaded sitting measured independently by 2 sonographers: tendon/muscle, skin/fat and total soft tissue and the diameter of the IT in its short and long axis. Part 2: Nineteen participants with SCI were screened, three were excluded due to abnormal skin signs, and eight participants (42%) were excluded for abnormal US signs with normal skin. Eight SCI participants with a mean age of 31.6 ± 13.6 years and all male with 4 paraplegics and 4 tetraplegics were measured by the same sonographers for skin, fat, tendon, muscle and total. Skin/fat and tendon/muscle were computed. RESULTS AB between-operator reliability was good (ICC = 0.81-0.90) for 3 soft tissues layers in unloaded and loaded sitting and poor for both IT short and long axis (ICC = -0.028 and -0.01). SCI between-operator reliability was good in unloaded and loaded for total, muscle, fat, skin/fat, tendon/muscle (ICC = 0.75-0.97) and poor for tendon (ICC = 0.26 unloaded and ICC = -0.71 loaded) and skin (ICC = 0.37 unloaded and ICC = 0.10). CONCLUSION A MRI protocol was successfully adapted for a reliable 3 soft tissue layer model and could be used in a 2-D FEM model designed to estimate soft tissue strain as a novel risk factor for the development of a PU.
Collapse
|
12
|
Maternal depression is not just a problem early on. Public Health 2016; 137:154-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
13
|
496 STRESS‐RELATED LATENCY IN SENSORY AND AFFECTIVE DIMENSIONS OF REPORTED PAIN IN PATIENTS WITH FIBROMYALGIA SYNDROME. Eur J Pain 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1090-3801(09)60499-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
14
|
Non-occupational post exposure prophylaxis as a biobehavioral HIV-prevention intervention. AIDS Care 2008; 20:376-81. [DOI: 10.1080/09540120701660353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
15
|
Enhanced fluorescence emission using a programmable, reconfigurable LED-array based light source. CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS : ... ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2007; 2004:2090-3. [PMID: 17272134 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2004.1403614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An array of up to 5 LEDs is presented to optimize the excitation signal that is transferred into a fluorescence analysis system. The array is varied by both type and drive current in order to broadly and narrowly tune the aggregate spectrum generated by the LED array to more closely match the desired excitation spectrum. Optimization results are shown for (a) a theoretical desired spectrum that clearly shows the increased flexibility of the LED array; (b) an experiment with AM1 bacteria demonstrating comparable emission output between a conventional Xenon lamp and an over driven LED array; and (c) an experiment with Rhodamine G that shows over a two-fold improvement in signal to noise ratio (or emission) obtainable using an optimized array over a non-optimized array. The flexibility of the LED array offers up to 3.2 million possibilities for aggregate spectra; without overdrive conditions, the 5-element array can only be configured into a maximum of 1020 different aggregate spectra.
Collapse
|
16
|
In vivo anti-cytomegalovirus (CMV) activity and safety of oral lobucavir in HIV infected patients. Antiviral Res 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-3542(97)83156-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
17
|
Renal cavernous hemangioma in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J Urol 1996; 156:1759-60. [PMID: 8863592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
18
|
Abstract
Formation of wedge-shaped neuroepithelial cells, owing to the constriction of apical bands of microfilaments, is widely believed to play a major part in bending of the neural plate. Although cell "wedging" occurs during neurulation, its exact role in bending is unknown. Likewise, although microfilament bands occupy the apices of neuroepithelial cells, whether these structures are required for cell wedging is unknown. Finally, although it is known that cytochalasins interfere with neurulation, it is unknown whether they block shaping or furrowing of the neural plate, or elevation, convergence, or fusion of the neural folds. The purpose of this study was to reexamine the role of microfilaments in neurulation in the chick embryo. Embryos were treated with cytochalasin D (CD) to depolymerize microfilaments and were analyzed 4-24 hr later. CD did not prevent neural plate shaping, median neural plate furrowing, wedging of median neuroepithelial cells, or neural fold elevation. However, dorsolateral neural plate furrowing, wedging of dorsolateral neuroepithelial cells, and convergence of the neural folds were blocked frequently by CD. In addition, neural folds always failed to fuse across the midline in embryos treated with CD, and neural crest cell migration was prevented. These data indicate that only the later aspects of neurulation may require microfilaments, and that certain neuroepithelial cells, particularly those that normally wedge with median furrowing and elevation of the neural folds, become (and remain) wedge-shaped in the absence of apical microfilament bands. Thus, microfilament-mediated constriction of neuroepithelial cell apices is not the major force for median neuroepithelial cell wedging and elevation of the chick neural plate. Further studies are needed to localize the motor(s) for these processes.
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
In a double blind study 30 male patients subjected to peroral endoscopy were given 0.5 mg glucagon (G) and 50 mg pethidine plus 0.5 mg atropine (PA) intravenously for premedication. The results showed that the PA group of patients had less discomfort, vomiting, salivary and gastric secretion during the examination than the G group. The arrestment of motility was significantly more prolonged in the G group of patients; otherwise no difference was found regarding the relaxation of the antrum, pylorus and duodenal bulb. This suggests glucagon to be superior to pethidine plus atropine when examinating these regions except in anxious patients which probably should have a sedative in addition to glucagon as premendication for peroral endoscopy.
Collapse
|
20
|
Sharing educational services: an organizational model. CROSS-REFERENCE 1976; 6:1-3, 6. [PMID: 1037302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
21
|
Cancer of the prostate in Oslo 1958-1967. JOURNAL OF THE OSLO CITY HOSPITALS 1973; 23:129-37. [PMID: 4767717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
22
|
[The preservation of cooked cereals in mink feed production by use of acetic acid]. NORDISK VETERINAERMEDICIN 1972; 24:586-91. [PMID: 4677329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|