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Demirjian S, Huml A, Bakaeen F, Poggio E, Geube M, Shaw A, Gillinov AM, Gadegbeku CA. Sex Bias in Prediction and Diagnosis of Cardiac Surgery Associated Acute Kidney Injury. Res Sq 2024:rs.3.rs-3660617. [PMID: 38558997 PMCID: PMC10980107 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3660617/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Female sex has been recognized as a risk factor for cardiac surgery associated acute kidney injury (CS-AKI). The current study sought to evaluate whether female sex is a risk factor for CS-AKI, or modifies the association of peri-operative change in serum creatinine with CS-AKI. Methods Observational study of adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery between 2000 and 2019 in a single U.S. center. The main variable of interest was registered patient sex, identified from electronic medical records. The main outcome was CS-AKI within 2 weeks of surgery. Results Of 58526 patients, 19353 (33%) were female; 12934 (22%) incurred AKI based on ≥ 0.3 mg/dL or ≥ 50% rise in serum creatinine (any AKI), 3320 (5.7%) had moderate to severe AKI, and 1018 (1.7%) required dialysis within 2 weeks of surgery. Female sex was associated with higher risk for AKI in models that were based on preoperative serum creatinine (OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.29-1.42), and lower risk with the use of estimated glomerular filtration, (OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.86-0.95). The risk for moderate to severe CS-AKI for a given immediate peri-operative change in serum creatinine was higher in female compared to male patients (p < .0001 and p < .0001 for non-linearity), and the association was modified by pre-operative kidney function (p < .0001 for interaction). Conclusions The association of patient sex with CS-AKI and its direction was dependent on the operational definition of pre-operative kidney function, and differential outcome misclassification due to AKI defined by absolute change in serum creatinine.
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Zwain T, Alder JE, Zwayen S, Shaw A, Burrow AJ, Singh KK. Overcoming biological barriers BBB/BBTB by designing PUFA functionalised lipid-based nanocarriers for glioblastoma targeted therapy. Biomater Adv 2023; 155:213660. [PMID: 37976832 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
A major obstacle for chemotherapeutics in Glioblastoma (GB) is to reach the tumour cells due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and chemoresistance of anticancer drugs. The present study reports two polyunsaturated fatty acids, gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) appended nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) of a CNS negative chemotherapeutic drug docetaxel (DTX) for targeted delivery to GB. The ligand appended DTX-NLCs demonstrated particle size < 160 nm, PDI < 0.29 and a negative surface charge. The successful linkage of GLA (41 %) and ALA (30 %) ligand conjugation to DTX- NLCs was confirmed by diminished surface amino groups on the NLCs, lower surface charge and FTIR profiling. Fluorophore labelled GLA-DTX-NLCs and ALA-DTX-NLCs permeated the in-vitro 3D BBB model with Papp values of 1.8 × 10-3 and 1.9 × 10-3 cm/s respectively. Following permeation, both formulations showed enhanced uptake by GB immortalised cells while ALA-DTX-NLCs showed higher uptake in patient-derived GB cells as evidenced in an in-vitro 3D blood brain tumour barrier (BBTB) model. Both surface functionalised formulations showed higher internalisation in GB cells as compared to bare DTX-NLCs. ALA-DTX-NLCs and GLA-DTX-NLCs showed 13.9-fold and 6.8-fold higher DTX activity respectively at 24 h as indicated by IC50 values when tested in patient-derived GB cells. ALA-DTX-NLCs displayed better efficacy than GLA-DTX-NLCs when tested against 3D tumour spheroids and patient-derived cells. These novel formulations will contribute widely to overcoming biological barriers for treating glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Zwain
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom; Biomedical Evidence based Transdisciplinary (BEST) Health Research Institute, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Elizabeth Alder
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Suha Zwayen
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom; Precision NanoSystems, 50 655 West Kent Avenue North, Vancouver, British Columbia V6P 6T7, Canada
| | - Andrew Shaw
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea J Burrow
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom; Biomedical Evidence based Transdisciplinary (BEST) Health Research Institute, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Kamalinder K Singh
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom; Biomedical Evidence based Transdisciplinary (BEST) Health Research Institute, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom.
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Procter TD, Ogasawara H, Spruin S, Wijayasri S, Abraham N, Blaser C, Hutchings K, Shaw A, Ogunnaike-Cooke S. Thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS) following adenovirus vector COVID-19 vaccination in Canada. Vaccine 2023:S0264-410X(23)01159-3. [PMID: 37806804 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Identifying and monitoring adverse events following vaccination contributed to the safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 mass vaccination campaigns. In March 2021, international reports emerged of an adverse event following vaccination with adenovirus vector COVID-19 vaccines (ChAdOx1-S [recombinant] and Ad26.COV2.S) of thrombosis with low platelet counts, referred to as thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS). We described TTS reports in Canada following adenovirus vector COVID-19 vaccines and investigated whether the observed number of events were higher than expected. METHODS Reports of TTS following receipt of ChAdOx1-S [recombinant] or Ad26.COV2.S meeting the Canadian case definition for TTS and diagnostic certainty levels 1-3 of the Brighton Collaboration case definition, submitted to the Canadian Adverse Events Following Immunization Surveillance System and Canada Vigilance Database between February 26, 2021 and October 31, 2022 were included. Demographics and characteristics of the TTS reports are described along with an analysis comparing the observed number of reports to the expected number. RESULTS As of October 31, 2022, 56 reports of TTS following administration of ChAdOx1-S [recombinant] and no reports following Ad26.COV2.S vaccines were reported in Canada, of which 37 had functionally positive anti-PF4 antibodies. The median age was 56 years; males accounted for 54 % of reports. Five deaths were reported. The observed number of reports exceeded the expected for all ages and sexes combined, as well as for males aged 30-49 and 60-69 years, and females aged 40-59 years. CONCLUSION Based on international surveillance data, Canada evaluated a statistical signal of TTS following adenovirus vector vaccines. The investigation of this signal demonstrated how post-market vaccine safety surveillance systems were successful in investigating rare adverse events during the rollout of COVID-19 vaccines in Canada. As adenovirus vector vaccines continue to be administered, characterization of the association between the vaccine and TTS informs immunization programs and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Procter
- Centre for Immunization Surveillance, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - H Ogasawara
- Centre for Immunization Surveillance, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - S Spruin
- Centre for Immunization Surveillance, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - S Wijayasri
- Centre for Immunization Surveillance, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - N Abraham
- Centre for Immunization Surveillance, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - C Blaser
- Centre for Immunization Surveillance, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - K Hutchings
- Centre for Immunization Surveillance, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - A Shaw
- Centre for Immunization Surveillance, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - S Ogunnaike-Cooke
- Centre for Immunization Surveillance, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Lau VI, Mah GD, Wang X, Byker L, Robinson A, Milovanovic L, Alherbish A, Odenbach J, Vadeanu C, Lu D, Smyth L, Rohatensky M, Whiteside B, Gregoire P, Luksun W, van Diepen S, Anderson D, Verma S, Slemko J, Brindley P, Kustogiannis DJ, Jacka M, Shaw A, Wheatley M, Windram J, Opgenorth D, Baig N, Rewa OG, Bagshaw SM, Buchanan BM. Intrapulmonary and Intracardiac Shunts in Adult COVID-19 Versus Non-COVID Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ICU Patients Using Echocardiography and Contrast Bubble Studies (COVID-Shunt Study): A Prospective, Observational Cohort Study. Crit Care Med 2023; 51:1023-1032. [PMID: 36971440 PMCID: PMC10335602 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000005848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies have suggested intrapulmonary shunts may contribute to hypoxemia in COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with worse associated outcomes. We evaluated the presence of right-to-left (R-L) shunts in COVID-19 and non-COVID ARDS patients using a comprehensive hypoxemia workup for shunt etiology and associations with mortality. DESIGN Prospective, observational cohort study. SETTING Four tertiary hospitals in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. PATIENTS Adult critically ill, mechanically ventilated, ICU patients admitted with COVID-19 or non-COVID (November 16, 2020, to September 1, 2021). INTERVENTIONS Agitated-saline bubble studies with transthoracic echocardiography/transcranial Doppler ± transesophageal echocardiography assessed for R-L shunts presence. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Primary outcomes were shunt frequency and association with hospital mortality. Logistic regression analysis was used for adjustment. The study enrolled 226 patients (182 COVID-19 vs 42 non-COVID). Median age was 58 years (interquartile range [IQR], 47-67 yr) and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores of 30 (IQR, 21-36). In COVID-19 patients, the frequency of R-L shunt was 31 of 182 COVID patients (17.0%) versus 10 of 44 non-COVID patients (22.7%), with no difference detected in shunt rates (risk difference [RD], -5.7%; 95% CI, -18.4 to 7.0; p = 0.38). In the COVID-19 group, hospital mortality was higher for those with R-L shunt compared with those without (54.8% vs 35.8%; RD, 19.0%; 95% CI, 0.1-37.9; p = 0.05). This did not persist at 90-day mortality nor after adjustment with regression. CONCLUSIONS There was no evidence of increased R-L shunt rates in COVID-19 compared with non-COVID controls. R-L shunt was associated with increased in-hospital mortality for COVID-19 patients, but this did not persist at 90-day mortality or after adjusting using logistic regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent I Lau
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, and Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Graham D Mah
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, and Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Health Services Statistical and Analytic Methods, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Leon Byker
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, and Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Andrea Robinson
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, and Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Lazar Milovanovic
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, and Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Aws Alherbish
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, and Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Odenbach
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, and Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Cristian Vadeanu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - David Lu
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Leo Smyth
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mitchell Rohatensky
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Brian Whiteside
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Phillip Gregoire
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, and Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Warren Luksun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, and Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sean van Diepen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, and Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Dustin Anderson
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, and Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sanam Verma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, and Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Slemko
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, and Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Peter Brindley
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, and Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Demetrios J Kustogiannis
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, and Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Michael Jacka
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, and Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Andrew Shaw
- Department of Intensive Care and Resuscitation, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Matt Wheatley
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jonathan Windram
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Dawn Opgenorth
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, and Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Nadia Baig
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, and Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Oleksa G Rewa
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, and Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sean M Bagshaw
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, and Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Brian M Buchanan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, and Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Shaw A, Lawrence TE, Yan T, Liu M, Summers N, Daggumati V, Austria ST, Rondon JC, Hackley S, Vignesh SO, Hassan TA. Bioequivalence Studies of Sildenafil Citrate Orodispersible Film Administered with and without Water vs Viagra Ⓡ Film-Coated Tablets in Healthy Male Volunteers. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 2023; 99:100708. [PMID: 37435189 PMCID: PMC10331808 DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2023.100708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Orodispersible film (ODF) formulation offers ease of use, convenience of administration, and other advantages, especially for patients who have difficulty in swallowing or are on liquid restriction compared with conventional oral formulations for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Objectives These studies compared the bioequivalence of 50 mg sildenafil citrate ODF formulation (test drug) with the marketed 50 mg sildenafil citrate film-coated tablet (FCT) (ViagraⓇ; Pfizer, New York, NY) (reference drug), with and without water in 2 randomized cross-over studies. Methods Two randomized cross-over studies were conducted. The first study explored the bioequivalence of test drug administered with and without water compared with the reference drug with water. The second study investigated the bioequivalence of test drug, without water, compared with the reference drug with water. Forty-two and 80 healthy male volunteers were recruited in the first and second study, respectively. All volunteers fasted for 10 hours pre-dose. A 1-day washout period between doses was observed. Blood samples were collected at both before (up to 120 minutes before dosing) and after dosing (at different intervals up to 14 hours) stages. Statistical analyses on pharmacokinetic parameters were performed. Safety and tolerability for both the formulations were evaluated. Results In the first study, bioequivalence was demonstrated for sildenafil citrate ODF administered with water when compared with the ViagraⓇ FCT. The ratios of adjusted geometric means (90% confidence interval (CI)) were maximum plasma concentration: 1.02 (94.91-108.78) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve: 1.09 (104.49-113.21) for sildenafil citrate ODF administered with water vs ViagraⓇ FCT. These ratios were within the bioequivalence acceptance range of 80% to 125%, indicating that the bioequivalence criteria were met. The pharmacokinetic parameters for the second study also showed bioequivalence for sildenafil citrate ODF (without water) compared with ViagraⓇ FCT. The ratios of adjusted geometric means (90% CI) were maximum plasma concentration: 1.02 (95.47-109.36) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve: 1.06 (103.42-108.40) for sildenafil citrate ODF administered without water vs ViagraⓇ FCT. Adverse events in both the studies occurred at similar rates for the 2 formulations and were mild in intensity. Conclusions These results suggest that the new ODF formulation can be used interchangeably with the marketed FCT formulation. Sildenafil citrate ODF administered with and without water met bioequivalence criteria compared with ViagraⓇ FCT administered with water under fasted conditions in healthy adult male volunteers. The new ODF formulation can be used as a suitable alternative to the conventional oral solid dosage form.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mark Liu
- Viatris Inc., West Virginia, USA
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Nunley P, Strenge KB, Huntsman K, Bae H, DiPaola C, Allen RT, Shaw A, Sasso RC, Araghi A, Staub B, Chen S, Shum LC, Musacchio M. Lumbar Discectomy With Bone-Anchored Annular Closure Device in Patients With Large Annular Defects: One-Year Results. Cureus 2023; 15:e40195. [PMID: 37325689 PMCID: PMC10263173 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reherniation rates following lumbar discectomy are low for most patients; however, patients with a large defect in the annulus fibrosis have a significantly higher risk of recurrence. Previous results from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) demonstrated that the implantation of a bone-anchored annular closure device (ACD) during discectomy surgery lowered the risk of symptomatic reherniation and reoperation over one year with fewer serious adverse events (SAEs) compared to discectomy alone. OBJECTIVE The objective of this prospective, post-market, historically controlled study was to evaluate the use of an ACD during discectomy, and to confirm the results of the RCT that was used to establish regulatory approval in the United States. METHODS In this post-market study, all patients (N = 55) received discectomy surgery with a bone-anchored ACD. The comparison population was patients enrolled in the RCT study who had discectomy with an ACD (N = 262) or discectomy alone (N = 272). All other eligibility criteria, surgical technique, device characteristics, and follow-up methodology were comparable between studies. Endpoints included rate of symptomatic reherniation or reoperation, SAEs, and patient-reported measures of disability, pain, and quality of life. RESULTS Fifty-five patients received ACD implants at 12 sites between May 2020 and February 2021. In the previous RCT, 272 control patients had discectomy surgery alone (RCT-Control), and 262 patients had discectomy surgery with an ACD implant (RCT-ACD). Baseline characteristics across groups were typical of the overall population undergoing lumbar discectomy. The proportion of patients who experienced reherniation and/or reoperation was significantly lower in the ACD group compared to RCT-ACD and RCT-Control groups (p < 0.05). In the ACD study, the one-year rate of symptomatic reherniation was 3.7%, compared to 8.5% in the RCT-ACD group and 17.0% in the RCT-Control group. In the ACD group, the risk of reoperation was 5.5%, compared to 6.5% in the RCT-ACD group and 12.5% in the RCT-Control group. There were no device-related SAEs or device integrity failures in the ACD, and there were clinically meaningful improvements in patient-reported measures of disability, pain, and quality of life. CONCLUSION In this post-market study of bone-anchored ACD in patients with large annular defects, rates of symptomatic reherniation, reoperation, and SAEs were all low. Compared to the RCT, the post-market ACD study demonstrated lower rates of reherniation and/or reoperation and measures of back pain one-year post-surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierce Nunley
- Orthopaedics, Spine Institute of Louisiana, Shreveport, USA
| | - K Brandon Strenge
- Spine Surgery, The Orthopaedic Institute of Western Kentucky, Paducah, USA
| | - Kade Huntsman
- Spinal Surgery, Salt Lake Orthopaedic Clinic, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Hyun Bae
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai, Santa Monica, USA
| | | | - R T Allen
- Orthopaedics, UC (University of California) San Diego Health System, San Diego, USA
| | - Andrew Shaw
- Neurological Surgery, Lyerly Neurosurgery, Jacksonville, USA
| | - Rick C Sasso
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana Spine Center, Carmel, USA
| | - Ali Araghi
- Spine Surgery, The CORE Institute, Sun City West, USA
| | - Blake Staub
- Orthopaedics, Texas Back Institute, Plano, USA
| | - Selby Chen
- Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, USA
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Sreedharan R, Khanna S, Shaw A. Perioperative glycemic management in adults presenting for elective cardiac and non-cardiac surgery. Perioper Med (Lond) 2023; 12:13. [PMID: 37120562 PMCID: PMC10149003 DOI: 10.1186/s13741-023-00302-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Perioperative dysglycemia is associated with adverse outcomes in both cardiac and non-cardiac surgical patients. Hyperglycemia in the perioperative period is associated with an increased risk of postoperative infections, length of stay, and mortality. Hypoglycemia can induce neuronal damage, leading to significant cognitive deficits, as well as death. This review endeavors to summarize existing literature on perioperative dysglycemia and provides updates on pharmacotherapy and management of perioperative hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia in surgical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshni Sreedharan
- Department of Intensive Care & Resuscitation, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of General Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sandeep Khanna
- Department of General Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Andrew Shaw
- Department of Intensive Care & Resuscitation, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Snow M, Middleton L, Mehta S, Roberts A, Gray R, Richardson J, Kuiper JH, Smith A, White S, Roberts S, Griffiths D, Mohammed A, Moholkar K, Ashraf T, Green M, Hutchinson J, Bhullar T, Chitnis S, Shaw A, van Niekerk L, Hui A, Drogset JO, Knutsen G, McNicholas M, Bowditch M, Johnson D, Turner P, Chugh S, Hunt N, Ali S, Palmer S, Perry A, Davidson A, Hill P, Deo S, Satish V, Radford M, Langstaff R, Houlihan-Burne D, Spicer D, Phaltankar P, Hegab A, Marsh D, Cannon S, Briggs T, Pollock R, Carrington R, Skinner J, Bentley G, Price A, Schranz P, Mandalia V, O'Brien S. A Randomized Trial of Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation Versus Alternative Forms of Surgical Cartilage Management in Patients With a Failed Primary Treatment for Chondral or Osteochondral Defects in the Knee. Am J Sports Med 2023; 51:367-378. [PMID: 36661257 DOI: 10.1177/03635465221141907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limited randomized controlled trials with long-term outcomes comparing autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) versus alternative forms of surgical cartilage management within the knee. PURPOSE To determine at 5 years after surgery whether ACI was superior to alternative forms of cartilage management in patients after a failed previous treatment for chondral or osteochondral defects in the knee. STUDY DESIGN Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. METHODS In total, 390 participants were randomly assigned to receive either ACI or alternative management. Patients aged 18 to 55 years with one or two symptomatic cartilage defects who had failed 1 previous therapeutic surgical procedure in excess of 6 months prior were included. Dual primary outcome measures were used: (1) patient-completed Lysholm knee score and (2) time from surgery to cessation of treatment benefit. Secondary outcome measures included International Knee Documentation Committee and Cincinnati Knee Rating System scores, as well as number of serious adverse events. Analysis was performed on an intention-to-treat basis. RESULTS Lysholm scores were improved by 1 year in both groups (15.4 points [95% CI, 11.9 to 18.8] and 15.2 points [95% CI, 11.6 to 18.9]) for ACI and alternative, with this improvement sustained over the duration of the trial. However, no evidence of a difference was found between the groups at 5 years (2.9 points; 95% CI, -1.8 to 7.5; P = .46). Approximately half of the participants (55%; 95% CI, 47% to 64% with ACI) were still experiencing benefit at 5 years, with time to cessation of treatment benefit similar in both groups (hazard ratio, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.72 to 1.32; P > .99). There was a differential effect on Lysholm scores in patients without previous marrow stimulation compared with those with marrow stimulation (P = .03; 6.4 points in favor of ACI; 95% CI, -0.4 to 13.1). More participants experienced a serious adverse event with ACI (P = .02). CONCLUSION Over 5 years, there was no evidence of a difference in Lysholm scores between ACI and alternative management in patients who had previously failed treatment. Previous marrow stimulation had a detrimental effect on the outcome of ACI. REGISTRATION International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number: 48911177.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyn Snow
- Orthopaedics Department, Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, UK; School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Lee Middleton
- Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit, Birmingham University, Midlands, UK
| | - Samir Mehta
- Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit, Birmingham University, Midlands, UK
| | - Andrew Roberts
- Orthopaedics Department, Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, UK
| | - Richard Gray
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford University, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - James Richardson
- Orthopaedics Department, Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, UK; School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Jan Herman Kuiper
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | | | - Anthony Smith
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry
| | - Steve White
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry
| | - Simon Roberts
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry
| | - David Griffiths
- County Hospital, Stafford, University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke
| | - Aslam Mohammed
- Wrightington Wigan and Leigh teaching hospitals NHSFT, Wigan
| | | | | | - Marcus Green
- Royal Orthopaedic Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham
| | - James Hutchinson
- Edith Cavell Hospital Peterborough [now Peterborough City Hospital], NW Anglia NHSFT, Peterborough
| | - Tony Bhullar
- Edith Cavell Hospital Peterborough [now Peterborough City Hospital], NW Anglia NHSFT, Peterborough
| | | | - Andrew Shaw
- Royal Alexandra Hospital, Paisley; NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Paisley
| | - Louw van Niekerk
- Friarage Hospital, South Tees; South Tees Hospitals NHSFT, Northallerton
| | - Anthony Hui
- The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesborough; South Tees Hospitals NHSFT, Middlesborough
| | | | | | | | - Mark Bowditch
- Ipswich Hospital, East Suffolk and North Essex NHSFT, Ipswich
| | | | | | - Sanjiv Chugh
- New Cross Hospital, Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton
| | - Neil Hunt
- York Hospital, York and Scarborough Teaching Hospitals NHSFT, York
| | - Salman Ali
- Russels Hall Hospital, The Dudley Group NHSFT, Dudley
| | - Simon Palmer
- Worthing Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex NHSFT, Worthing
| | - Andrew Perry
- Frimley Park Hospital, Frimley Health NHSFT, Frimley Park
| | | | - Peter Hill
- Frimley Park Hospital, Frimley Health NHSFT, Frimley Park
| | - Sunny Deo
- The Great Western Hospitals NHSFT, Swindon
| | | | - Michael Radford
- Weston General Hospital, Weston Area Health NHS Trust, Weston-Super-Mare
| | - Ron Langstaff
- Hillingdon Hospital, The Hillingdon Hospitals NHSFT, Hillingdon
| | | | - Dominic Spicer
- St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Paddington
| | - Padman Phaltankar
- North Manchester General Hospital, Manchester University NHSFT, Manchester
| | - Ahmed Hegab
- Fairfield General Hospital, Northern Care Alliance NHSFT, Bury
| | - David Marsh
- The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital Stanmore, Stanmore
| | - Steve Cannon
- The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital Stanmore, Stanmore
| | - Tim Briggs
- The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital Stanmore, Stanmore
| | - Rob Pollock
- The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital Stanmore, Stanmore
| | | | - John Skinner
- The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital Stanmore, Stanmore
| | - George Bentley
- The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital Stanmore, Stanmore
| | - Andrew Price
- Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHSFT, Oxford
| | | | | | - Shaun O'Brien
- Sunderland Royal Hospital, South Tyneside and Sunderland NHSFT, Sunderland.,Investigation performed at the Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, UK
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Niźnikowski T, Łuba-Arnista W, Arnista P, Porter JM, Makaruk H, Sadowski J, Mastalerz A, Niźnikowska E, Shaw A. An external focus of attention enhances table tennis backhand stroke accuracy in low-skilled players. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274717. [PMID: 36455038 PMCID: PMC9714895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the impact of internal and external (proximal and distal) attentional focus on table tennis backhand stroke accuracy in low-skilled players. Fifty-one undergraduate physical education (PE) students were randomly assigned to 3 groups: Group G1 (IF) was instructed to focus on the hand holding the paddle, Group G2 (EFP) was instructed to focus on the ball, while Group G3 (EFD) was instructed to focus on targets marked on the tennis table. The experimental groups followed identical instructions except for the instruction about the focus of attention. Participants were asked to score as many points as possible by hitting the ball inside the three smallest targets marked on the tennis table. They were required to do so using a backhand stroke. The practice session consisted of 45 trials in three blocks of backhand (15 trials at each target). A special scoring system was used to determine the accuracy of the strokes. One of the most important findings from the current research was that groups with an external focus of attention revealed significant improvements in accuracy in the post-test, while the group with an internal focus of attention achieved low training effects. No significant difference was observed between G2 (EFP) and G3 (EFD) in the delayed retention test, which indicates that proximal and distal attentional focus had similar effects on table tennis backhand stroke accuracy in low-skilled players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Niźnikowski
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health in Biała Podlaska, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Biała Podlaska, Poland
- * E-mail: (TN); (WŁA)
| | - Weronika Łuba-Arnista
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Lomza State University of Applied Sciences, Lomza, Poland
- * E-mail: (TN); (WŁA)
| | - Paweł Arnista
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Lomza State University of Applied Sciences, Lomza, Poland
| | - Jared M. Porter
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, United States of America
| | - Hubert Makaruk
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health in Biała Podlaska, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Biała Podlaska, Poland
| | - Jerzy Sadowski
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health in Biała Podlaska, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Biała Podlaska, Poland
| | - Andrzej Mastalerz
- Faculty of Physical Education, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Niźnikowska
- Faculty of Health Sciences, John Paul II University of Applied Sciences in Biala Podlaska, Biała Podlaska, Poland
| | - Andrew Shaw
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, United States of America
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10
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Karhunen J, Holm A, Aleiferis S, Carvalho P, Groth M, Lawson K, Lomanowski B, Meigs A, Shaw A, Solokha V. Spectroscopic camera analysis of the roles of molecularly assisted reaction chains during detachment in JET L-mode plasmas. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2022.101314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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11
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Shaw A, Avrova A, Ramesh A, Mann T, Venkatasubramanian A, Moinuddin Z, Van Dellen D. P-043 A RETROSPECTIVE OUTCOME REVIEW OF THE USE OF EGIS ACELLULAR DERMAL MATRIX DURING ABDOMINAL WALL RECONSTRUCTION. Br J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac308.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
We aimed to demonstrate the relative safety profile of an established non-crosslinked porcine acellular dermal matrix (ADM) during abdominal wall reconstruction.
Material & Methods
Individual real-world safety data on specific mesh products are often lacking. With recent media scrutiny over the use of mesh, we sought to quantify outcomes and demonstrate the safety of a specific ADM (reference 1). A retrospective casenote-based outcome analysis was performed on patients who underwent mesh augmentation during abdominal wall reconstruction from two NHS institutions. Both elective and emergency patients were included from January 2018 to December 2021.
Results
Fifty-five patients were included in the study across two NHS specialist hernia centres. We identified a mean wound infection rate of 14.2% (range 2–22%) with a median follow up of 9 months (range 3–18 months). Hernia recurrence rate was 10.4% (range 5–22%). We found 7 patients (12%) developed a seroma, 1 of whom required seroma aspiration. Only 4 patients (7%) had post-operative dehiscence requiring further intervention, all of whom had Ventral Hernia Working Group (VHWG) Grade 3 or 4 wounds pre-operatively.
Conclusions
Our data supports the continued use of a widely available ADM for abdominal wall reconstruction in both elective and emergency cases, highlighting its positive relative safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shaw
- Dept of Transplantation, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust , Manchester , United Kingdom
| | - A Avrova
- Dept of General Surgery, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust , Manchester , United Kingdom
| | - A Ramesh
- Dept of General Surgery, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust , Manchester , United Kingdom
| | - T Mann
- Dept of General Surgery, Royal Basingstoke & North Hampshire Hospital , Basingstoke , United Kingdom
| | - A Venkatasubramanian
- Dept of General Surgery, Royal Basingstoke & North Hampshire Hospital , Basingstoke , United Kingdom
| | - Z Moinuddin
- Dept of Transplantation, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust , Manchester , United Kingdom
| | - D Van Dellen
- Dept of Transplantation, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust , Manchester , United Kingdom
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12
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Mäenpää R, Kumpulainen H, Groth M, Romazanov J, Lomanowski B, Brezinsek S, Di Genova S, Karhunen J, Lawson K, Meigs A, Menmuir S, Shaw A. EDGE2D-EIRENE and ERO2.0 predictions of nitrogen molecular break-up and transport in the divertor of JET low-confinement mode plasmas. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2022.101273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Horsten N, Groth M, Dekeyser W, Van Uytven W, Aleiferis S, Carli S, Karhunen J, Lawson K, Lomanowski B, Meigs A, Menmuir S, Shaw A, Solokha V, Thomas B. Validation of SOLPS-ITER simulations with kinetic, fluid, and hybrid neutral models for JET-ILW low-confinement mode plasmas. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2022.101247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Evans RA, Leavy OC, Richardson M, Elneima O, McAuley HJC, Shikotra A, Singapuri A, Sereno M, Saunders RM, Harris VC, Houchen-Wolloff L, Aul R, Beirne P, Bolton CE, Brown JS, Choudhury G, Diar-Bakerly N, Easom N, Echevarria C, Fuld J, Hart N, Hurst J, Jones MG, Parekh D, Pfeffer P, Rahman NM, Rowland-Jones SL, Shah AM, Wootton DG, Chalder T, Davies MJ, De Soyza A, Geddes JR, Greenhalf W, Greening NJ, Heaney LG, Heller S, Howard LS, Jacob J, Jenkins RG, Lord JM, Man WDC, McCann GP, Neubauer S, Openshaw PJM, Porter JC, Rowland MJ, Scott JT, Semple MG, Singh SJ, Thomas DC, Toshner M, Lewis KE, Thwaites RS, Briggs A, Docherty AB, Kerr S, Lone NI, Quint J, Sheikh A, Thorpe M, Zheng B, Chalmers JD, Ho LP, Horsley A, Marks M, Poinasamy K, Raman B, Harrison EM, Wain LV, Brightling CE, Abel K, Adamali H, Adeloye D, Adeyemi O, Adrego R, Aguilar Jimenez LA, Ahmad S, Ahmad Haider N, Ahmed R, Ahwireng N, Ainsworth M, Al-Sheklly B, Alamoudi A, Ali M, Aljaroof M, All AM, Allan L, Allen RJ, Allerton L, Allsop L, Almeida P, Altmann D, Alvarez Corral M, Amoils S, Anderson D, Antoniades C, Arbane G, Arias A, Armour C, Armstrong L, Armstrong N, Arnold D, Arnold H, Ashish A, Ashworth A, Ashworth M, Aslani S, Assefa-Kebede H, Atkin C, Atkin P, Aung H, Austin L, Avram C, Ayoub A, Babores M, Baggott R, Bagshaw J, Baguley D, Bailey L, Baillie JK, Bain S, Bakali M, Bakau M, Baldry E, Baldwin D, Ballard C, Banerjee A, Bang B, Barker RE, Barman L, Barratt S, Barrett F, Basire D, Basu N, Bates M, Bates A, Batterham R, Baxendale H, Bayes H, Beadsworth M, Beckett P, Beggs M, Begum M, Bell D, Bell R, Bennett K, Beranova E, Bermperi A, Berridge A, Berry C, Betts S, Bevan E, Bhui K, Bingham M, Birchall K, Bishop L, Bisnauthsing K, Blaikely J, Bloss A, Bolger A, Bonnington J, Botkai A, Bourne C, Bourne M, Bramham K, Brear L, Breen G, Breeze J, Bright E, Brill S, Brindle K, Broad L, Broadley A, Brookes C, Broome M, Brown A, Brown A, Brown J, Brown J, Brown M, Brown M, Brown V, Brugha T, Brunskill N, Buch M, Buckley P, Bularga A, Bullmore E, Burden L, Burdett T, Burn D, Burns G, Burns A, Busby J, Butcher R, Butt A, Byrne S, Cairns P, Calder PC, Calvelo E, Carborn H, Card B, Carr C, Carr L, Carson G, Carter P, Casey A, Cassar M, Cavanagh J, Chablani M, Chambers RC, Chan F, Channon KM, Chapman K, Charalambou A, Chaudhuri N, Checkley A, Chen J, Cheng Y, Chetham L, Childs C, Chilvers ER, Chinoy H, Chiribiri A, Chong-James K, Choudhury N, Chowienczyk P, Christie C, Chrystal M, Clark D, Clark C, Clarke J, Clohisey S, Coakley G, Coburn Z, Coetzee S, Cole J, Coleman C, Conneh F, Connell D, Connolly B, Connor L, Cook A, Cooper B, Cooper J, Cooper S, Copeland D, Cosier T, Coulding M, Coupland C, Cox E, Craig T, Crisp P, Cristiano D, Crooks MG, Cross A, Cruz I, Cullinan P, Cuthbertson D, Daines L, Dalton M, Daly P, Daniels A, Dark P, Dasgin J, David A, David C, Davies E, Davies F, Davies G, Davies GA, Davies K, Dawson J, Daynes E, Deakin B, Deans A, Deas C, Deery J, Defres S, Dell A, Dempsey K, Denneny E, Dennis J, Dewar A, Dharmagunawardena R, Dickens C, Dipper A, Diver S, Diwanji SN, Dixon M, Djukanovic R, Dobson H, Dobson SL, Donaldson A, Dong T, Dormand N, Dougherty A, Dowling R, Drain S, Draxlbauer K, Drury K, Dulawan P, Dunleavy A, Dunn S, Earley J, Edwards S, Edwardson C, El-Taweel H, Elliott A, Elliott K, Ellis Y, Elmer A, Evans D, Evans H, Evans J, Evans R, Evans RI, Evans T, Evenden C, Evison L, Fabbri L, Fairbairn S, Fairman A, Fallon K, Faluyi D, Favager C, Fayzan T, Featherstone J, Felton T, Finch J, Finney S, Finnigan J, Finnigan L, Fisher H, Fletcher S, Flockton R, Flynn M, Foot H, Foote D, Ford A, Forton D, Fraile E, Francis C, Francis R, Francis S, Frankel A, Fraser E, Free R, French N, Fu X, Furniss J, Garner L, Gautam N, George J, George P, Gibbons M, Gill M, Gilmour L, Gleeson F, Glossop J, Glover S, Goodman N, Goodwin C, Gooptu B, Gordon H, Gorsuch T, Greatorex M, Greenhaff PL, Greenhalgh A, Greenwood J, Gregory H, Gregory R, Grieve D, Griffin D, Griffiths L, Guerdette AM, Guillen Guio B, Gummadi M, Gupta A, Gurram S, Guthrie E, Guy Z, H Henson H, Hadley K, Haggar A, Hainey K, Hairsine B, Haldar P, Hall I, Hall L, Halling-Brown M, Hamil R, Hancock A, Hancock K, Hanley NA, Haq S, Hardwick HE, Hardy E, Hardy T, Hargadon B, Harrington K, Harris E, Harrison P, Harvey A, Harvey M, Harvie M, Haslam L, Havinden-Williams M, Hawkes J, Hawkings N, Haworth J, Hayday A, Haynes M, Hazeldine J, Hazelton T, Heeley C, Heeney JL, Heightman M, Henderson M, Hesselden L, Hewitt M, Highett V, Hillman T, Hiwot T, Hoare A, Hoare M, Hockridge J, Hogarth P, Holbourn A, Holden S, Holdsworth L, Holgate D, Holland M, Holloway L, Holmes K, Holmes M, Holroyd-Hind B, Holt L, Hormis A, Hosseini A, Hotopf M, Howard K, Howell A, Hufton E, Hughes AD, Hughes J, Hughes R, Humphries A, Huneke N, Hurditch E, Husain M, Hussell T, Hutchinson J, Ibrahim W, Ilyas F, Ingham J, Ingram L, Ionita D, Isaacs K, Ismail K, Jackson T, James WY, Jarman C, Jarrold I, Jarvis H, Jastrub R, Jayaraman B, Jezzard P, Jiwa K, Johnson C, Johnson S, Johnston D, Jolley CJ, Jones D, Jones G, Jones H, Jones H, Jones I, Jones L, Jones S, Jose S, Kabir T, Kaltsakas G, Kamwa V, Kanellakis N, Kaprowska S, Kausar Z, Keenan N, Kelly S, Kemp G, Kerslake H, Key AL, Khan F, Khunti K, Kilroy S, King B, King C, Kingham L, Kirk J, Kitterick P, Klenerman P, Knibbs L, Knight S, Knighton A, Kon O, Kon S, Kon SS, Koprowska S, Korszun A, Koychev I, Kurasz C, Kurupati P, Laing C, Lamlum H, Landers G, Langenberg C, Lasserson D, Lavelle-Langham L, Lawrie A, Lawson C, Lawson C, Layton A, Lea A, Lee D, Lee JH, Lee E, Leitch K, Lenagh R, Lewis D, Lewis J, Lewis V, Lewis-Burke N, Li X, Light T, Lightstone L, Lilaonitkul W, Lim L, Linford S, Lingford-Hughes A, Lipman M, Liyanage K, Lloyd A, Logan S, Lomas D, Loosley R, Lota H, Lovegrove W, Lucey A, Lukaschuk E, Lye A, Lynch C, MacDonald S, MacGowan G, Macharia I, Mackie J, Macliver L, Madathil S, Madzamba G, Magee N, Magtoto MM, Mairs N, Majeed N, Major E, Malein F, Malim M, Mallison G, Mandal S, Mangion K, Manisty C, Manley R, March K, Marciniak S, Marino P, Mariveles M, Marouzet E, Marsh S, Marshall B, Marshall M, Martin J, Martineau A, Martinez LM, Maskell N, Matila D, Matimba-Mupaya W, Matthews L, Mbuyisa A, McAdoo S, Weir McCall J, McAllister-Williams H, McArdle A, McArdle P, McAulay D, McCormick J, McCormick W, McCourt P, McGarvey L, McGee C, Mcgee K, McGinness J, McGlynn K, McGovern A, McGuinness H, McInnes IB, McIntosh J, McIvor E, McIvor K, McLeavey L, McMahon A, McMahon MJ, McMorrow L, Mcnally T, McNarry M, McNeill J, McQueen A, McShane H, Mears C, Megson C, Megson S, Mehta P, Meiring J, Melling L, Mencias M, Menzies D, Merida Morillas M, Michael A, Milligan L, Miller C, Mills C, Mills NL, Milner L, Misra S, Mitchell J, Mohamed A, Mohamed N, Mohammed S, Molyneaux PL, Monteiro W, Moriera S, Morley A, Morrison L, Morriss R, Morrow A, Moss AJ, Moss P, Motohashi K, Msimanga N, Mukaetova-Ladinska E, Munawar U, Murira J, Nanda U, Nassa H, Nasseri M, Neal A, Needham R, Neill P, Newell H, Newman T, Newton-Cox A, Nicholson T, Nicoll D, Nolan CM, Noonan MJ, Norman C, Novotny P, Nunag J, Nwafor L, Nwanguma U, Nyaboko J, O'Donnell K, O'Brien C, O'Brien L, O'Regan D, Odell N, Ogg G, Olaosebikan O, Oliver C, Omar Z, Orriss-Dib L, Osborne L, Osbourne R, Ostermann M, Overton C, Owen J, Oxton J, Pack J, Pacpaco E, Paddick S, Painter S, Pakzad A, Palmer S, Papineni P, Paques K, Paradowski K, Pareek M, Parfrey H, Pariante C, Parker S, Parkes M, Parmar J, Patale S, Patel B, Patel M, Patel S, Pattenadk D, Pavlides M, Payne S, Pearce L, Pearl JE, Peckham D, Pendlebury J, Peng Y, Pennington C, Peralta I, Perkins E, Peterkin Z, Peto T, Petousi N, Petrie J, Phipps J, Pimm J, Piper Hanley K, Pius R, Plant H, Plein S, Plekhanova T, Plowright M, Polgar O, Poll L, Porter J, Portukhay S, Powell N, Prabhu A, Pratt J, Price A, Price C, Price C, Price D, Price L, Price L, Prickett A, Propescu J, Pugmire S, Quaid S, Quigley J, Qureshi H, Qureshi IN, Radhakrishnan K, Ralser M, Ramos A, Ramos H, Rangeley J, Rangelov B, Ratcliffe L, Ravencroft P, Reddington A, Reddy R, Redfearn H, Redwood D, Reed A, Rees M, Rees T, Regan K, Reynolds W, Ribeiro C, Richards A, Richardson E, Rivera-Ortega P, Roberts K, Robertson E, Robinson E, Robinson L, Roche L, Roddis C, Rodger J, Ross A, Ross G, Rossdale J, Rostron A, Rowe A, Rowland A, Rowland J, Roy K, Roy M, Rudan I, Russell R, Russell E, Saalmink G, Sabit R, Sage EK, Samakomva T, Samani N, Sampson C, Samuel K, Samuel R, Sanderson A, Sapey E, Saralaya D, Sargant J, Sarginson C, Sass T, Sattar N, Saunders K, Saunders P, Saunders LC, Savill H, Saxon W, Sayer A, Schronce J, Schwaeble W, Scott K, Selby N, Sewell TA, Shah K, Shah P, Shankar-Hari M, Sharma M, Sharpe C, Sharpe M, Shashaa S, Shaw A, Shaw K, Shaw V, Shelton S, Shenton L, Shevket K, Short J, Siddique S, Siddiqui S, Sidebottom J, Sigfrid L, Simons G, Simpson J, Simpson N, Singh C, Singh S, Sissons D, Skeemer J, Slack K, Smith A, Smith D, Smith S, Smith J, Smith L, Soares M, Solano TS, Solly R, Solstice AR, Soulsby T, Southern D, Sowter D, Spears M, Spencer LG, Speranza F, Stadon L, Stanel S, Steele N, Steiner M, Stensel D, Stephens G, Stephenson L, Stern M, Stewart I, Stimpson R, Stockdale S, Stockley J, Stoker W, Stone R, Storrar W, Storrie A, Storton K, Stringer E, Strong-Sheldrake S, Stroud N, Subbe C, Sudlow CL, Suleiman Z, Summers C, Summersgill C, Sutherland D, Sykes DL, Sykes R, Talbot N, Tan AL, Tarusan L, Tavoukjian V, Taylor A, Taylor C, Taylor J, Te A, Tedd H, Tee CJ, Teixeira J, Tench H, Terry S, Thackray-Nocera S, Thaivalappil F, Thamu B, Thickett D, Thomas C, Thomas S, Thomas AK, Thomas-Woods T, Thompson T, Thompson AAR, Thornton T, Tilley J, Tinker N, Tiongson GF, Tobin M, Tomlinson J, Tong C, Touyz R, Tripp KA, Tunnicliffe E, Turnbull A, Turner E, Turner S, Turner V, Turner K, Turney S, Turtle L, Turton H, Ugoji J, Ugwuoke R, Upthegrove R, Valabhji J, Ventura M, Vere J, Vickers C, Vinson B, Wade E, Wade P, Wainwright T, Wajero LO, Walder S, Walker S, Walker S, Wall E, Wallis T, Walmsley S, Walsh JA, Walsh S, Warburton L, Ward TJC, Warwick K, Wassall H, Waterson S, Watson E, Watson L, Watson J, Welch C, Welch H, Welsh B, Wessely S, West S, Weston H, Wheeler H, White S, Whitehead V, Whitney J, Whittaker S, Whittam B, Whitworth V, Wight A, Wild J, Wilkins M, Wilkinson D, Williams N, Williams N, Williams J, Williams-Howard SA, Willicombe M, Willis G, Willoughby J, Wilson A, Wilson D, Wilson I, Window N, Witham M, Wolf-Roberts R, Wood C, Woodhead F, Woods J, Wormleighton J, Worsley J, Wraith D, Wrey Brown C, Wright C, Wright L, Wright S, Wyles J, Wynter I, Xu M, Yasmin N, Yasmin S, Yates T, Yip KP, Young B, Young S, Young A, Yousuf AJ, Zawia A, Zeidan L, Zhao B, Zongo O. Clinical characteristics with inflammation profiling of long COVID and association with 1-year recovery following hospitalisation in the UK: a prospective observational study. Lancet Respir Med 2022; 10:761-775. [PMID: 35472304 PMCID: PMC9034855 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(22)00127-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No effective pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions exist for patients with long COVID. We aimed to describe recovery 1 year after hospital discharge for COVID-19, identify factors associated with patient-perceived recovery, and identify potential therapeutic targets by describing the underlying inflammatory profiles of the previously described recovery clusters at 5 months after hospital discharge. METHODS The Post-hospitalisation COVID-19 study (PHOSP-COVID) is a prospective, longitudinal cohort study recruiting adults (aged ≥18 years) discharged from hospital with COVID-19 across the UK. Recovery was assessed using patient-reported outcome measures, physical performance, and organ function at 5 months and 1 year after hospital discharge, and stratified by both patient-perceived recovery and recovery cluster. Hierarchical logistic regression modelling was performed for patient-perceived recovery at 1 year. Cluster analysis was done using the clustering large applications k-medoids approach using clinical outcomes at 5 months. Inflammatory protein profiling was analysed from plasma at the 5-month visit. This study is registered on the ISRCTN Registry, ISRCTN10980107, and recruitment is ongoing. FINDINGS 2320 participants discharged from hospital between March 7, 2020, and April 18, 2021, were assessed at 5 months after discharge and 807 (32·7%) participants completed both the 5-month and 1-year visits. 279 (35·6%) of these 807 patients were women and 505 (64·4%) were men, with a mean age of 58·7 (SD 12·5) years, and 224 (27·8%) had received invasive mechanical ventilation (WHO class 7-9). The proportion of patients reporting full recovery was unchanged between 5 months (501 [25·5%] of 1965) and 1 year (232 [28·9%] of 804). Factors associated with being less likely to report full recovery at 1 year were female sex (odds ratio 0·68 [95% CI 0·46-0·99]), obesity (0·50 [0·34-0·74]) and invasive mechanical ventilation (0·42 [0·23-0·76]). Cluster analysis (n=1636) corroborated the previously reported four clusters: very severe, severe, moderate with cognitive impairment, and mild, relating to the severity of physical health, mental health, and cognitive impairment at 5 months. We found increased inflammatory mediators of tissue damage and repair in both the very severe and the moderate with cognitive impairment clusters compared with the mild cluster, including IL-6 concentration, which was increased in both comparisons (n=626 participants). We found a substantial deficit in median EQ-5D-5L utility index from before COVID-19 (retrospective assessment; 0·88 [IQR 0·74-1·00]), at 5 months (0·74 [0·64-0·88]) to 1 year (0·75 [0·62-0·88]), with minimal improvements across all outcome measures at 1 year after discharge in the whole cohort and within each of the four clusters. INTERPRETATION The sequelae of a hospital admission with COVID-19 were substantial 1 year after discharge across a range of health domains, with the minority in our cohort feeling fully recovered. Patient-perceived health-related quality of life was reduced at 1 year compared with before hospital admission. Systematic inflammation and obesity are potential treatable traits that warrant further investigation in clinical trials. FUNDING UK Research and Innovation and National Institute for Health Research.
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15
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Shaw A. iRefer: past, present and future. Clin Radiol 2022; 77:722-723. [PMID: 35779952 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Shaw
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
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16
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Akpalu A, Sykes L, Nkromah K, Attoh J, Osei-Yeboah C, Johnson L, Amponsah C, Laryea F, Anarfi O, Shaw A, Cullen L, Easton S, Fullbrook-Scanlon C, Gordon C, Spice C. Experiences of Multidisciplinary Working: Perspectives from the Wessex Ghana Stroke Partnership. West Afr J Med 2022; 39:641-645. [PMID: 35752973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Substantial gaps remain in our understanding of stroke in Africa as well as in stroke care, practice and policy on the continent. The effective organization of preventative, therapeutic and rehabilitative stroke services continue to be challenging in many African countries. METHODOLOGY In this article we define the nature, function and benefits of effective multidisciplinary team (MDT) working. The experiences and perspectives of members of the MDT were collated by focus group discussions as well as individual and country specific contributions. RESULTS The experiences and perspectives of multidisciplinary team members from the United Kingdom and Ghana implementing these practices at the first stroke unit in Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, with a transparent discussion of successes and challenges faced throughout development of the service, is presented. MDT working has improved outcomes for patients and families who use the services, including encouraging better shared treatment planning and compliance. More stroke rehabilitation services are provided than previously, including greater self-management education and better secondary prevention care. CONCLUSION It is hoped that this article will provide an inspirational model for others working to provide stroke care in low-resource settings in Africa and worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Akpalu
- University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Ghana
- Stroke Unit, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana
| | - L Sykes
- Hampshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Royal Hampshire County Hospital, Winchester, UK
| | - K Nkromah
- Stroke Unit, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana
| | - J Attoh
- Stroke Unit, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana
| | | | - L Johnson
- University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Bournemouth, UK
| | - C Amponsah
- Stroke Unit, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana
- University of Ghana School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, Department of Speech and Language Therapy, Ghana
| | - F Laryea
- Stroke Unit, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana
| | - O Anarfi
- Stroke Unit, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana
- University of Health and Allied Sciences School of Medicine, Department of Psychological Medicine and Mental Health, Ghana
| | - A Shaw
- University of Winchester, Winchester, UK
| | - L Cullen
- NHS England Southeast, Southampton, UK
| | - S Easton
- Hampshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Royal Hampshire County Hospital, Winchester, UK
| | | | - C Gordon
- University of Central Lancashire, Faculty of Health and Social Care, Preston, UK
| | - C Spice
- Queen Alexandra Hospital, Southwick Hill, Portsmouth, UK
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Diotallevi M, Nicol T, Ayaz F, Bailey J, Shaw A, McNeill E, Davies B, Channon KM, Crabtree MJ. Isolation and In vitro Culture of Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages for the Study of NO-Redox Biology. J Vis Exp 2022. [PMID: 35723458 DOI: 10.3791/62834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are derived from hematopoietic progenitor cells throughout the body, are central to inflammatory processes, and participate in innate and adaptive immune responses. In vitro study of macrophages can be undertaken by ex vivo culture from the peritoneum or through differentiation of myeloid bone marrow progenitor cells to form bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). A common approach to macrophage differentiation from precursors involves the use of conditioned media from L929 cells (LCM). This media is easy to self-produce but suffers from batch variability, and its constituents are undefined. Similarly, Foetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is used to support growth but contains a vast mixture of undefined molecules that may vary between batches. These methods are not adequate for the study of nitric oxide biology and redox mechanisms as they both contain substantial amounts of small molecules that either interfere with redox mechanisms or supplement levels of cofactors, such as tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), required for the production of NO from inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). In this report, we present an optimized protocol allowing for control of the NO-redox environment by reducing the levels of exogenous biopterin while maintaining conditions suitable for cell growth and differentiation. Tight control of culture media composition helps ensure experimental reproducibility and facilitates accurate interpretation of results. In this protocol, BMDMs were obtained from a GTP cyclohydrolase (GCH)- deficient mouse model. Culture of BMDMs was performed with media containing either (i) conditioned LCM, or (ii) recombinant M-CSF and GM-CSF to produce minimal artifacts while obtaining BH4 and NO-deficient culture conditions - thus allowing for the reproducible study of NO-redox biology and immunometabolism in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Diotallevi
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford
| | - Thomas Nicol
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford
| | - Faseeha Ayaz
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford
| | - Jade Bailey
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford
| | - Andrew Shaw
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford
| | - Eileen McNeill
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford
| | - Ben Davies
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford
| | - Keith M Channon
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford
| | - Mark J Crabtree
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford;
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Shaw A, Burman A, Asfor A, Ludi A, Brocchi E, Grazioli S, King D. Exploring foot-and-mouth disease virus antibody interactions using biolayer interferometry. Access Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1099/acmi.ac2021.po0445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) vaccines protect animals from infection by inducing antibodies. The level of neutralising antibody induced in response to vaccination (or infection), as measured by a virus neutralisation test, is an important parameter with regards to the level of protection afforded against subsequent challenge. However, in addition to overall titre, antibody avidity also represents a crucial metric when assessing the protective efficacy of antibodies. In this project we investigated the use of biolayer interferometry (BLI) to measure the avidity of FMDV antibodies to FMDV antigens. Antibodies targeting site I of the FMDV particle were detected using a commercially synthesised biotinylated peptide. In contrast, the entire antigenic landscape of the FMDV particle was represented by biotinylated FMDV capsids. The antigens were loaded onto Octet streptavidin biosensors at an optimal concentration prior to dipping into antibodies. The sera from different animals varied in avidity, reflecting the quantitative differences in avidity that exist between individual animals in response to FMDV vaccines. Interestingly, the Kdis values obtained for site I vs the entire capsid were different, supporting the importance of other sites beyond site I. Similarly, monoclonal antibodies targeting distinct, known antigenic sites on the capsid surface also resulted in different avidities. The BLI methodology reported here offers a useful approach by which to investigate the strength of antibody interactions at specific sites. In conjunction with recombinant technology, BLI will help aid in investigations into the relative importance of the different antigenic sites with regards to inducing a protective response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anna Ludi
- The Pirbright Institute, United Kingdom
| | - Emiliana Brocchi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna, Italy
| | - Santina Grazioli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna, Italy
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Demirjian S, Bashour CA, Shaw A, Schold JD, Simon J, Anthony D, Soltesz E, Gadegbeku CA. Predictive Accuracy of a Perioperative Laboratory Test-Based Prediction Model for Moderate to Severe Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiac Surgery. JAMA 2022; 327:956-964. [PMID: 35258532 PMCID: PMC8905398 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2022.1751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Effective treatment of acute kidney injury (AKI) is predicated on timely diagnosis; however, the lag in the increase in serum creatinine levels after kidney injury may delay therapy initiation. OBJECTIVE To determine the derivation and validation of predictive models for AKI after cardiac surgery. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Multivariable prediction models were derived based on a retrospective observational cohort of adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery between January 2000 and December 2019 from a US academic medical center (n = 58 526) and subsequently validated on an external cohort from 3 US community hospitals (n = 4734). The date of final follow-up was January 15, 2020. EXPOSURES Perioperative change in serum creatinine and postoperative blood urea nitrogen, serum sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, and albumin from the first metabolic panel after cardiac surgery. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) and calibration measures for moderate to severe AKI, per Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO), and AKI requiring dialysis prediction models within 72 hours and 14 days following surgery. RESULTS In a derivation cohort of 58 526 patients (median [IQR] age, 66 [56-74] years; 39 173 [67%] men; 51 503 [91%] White participants), the rates of moderate to severe AKI and AKIrequiring dialysis were 2674 (4.6%) and 868 (1.48%) within 72 hours and 3156 (5.4%) and 1018 (1.74%) within 14 days after surgery. The median (IQR) interval to first metabolic panel from conclusion of the surgical procedure was 10 (7-12) hours. In the derivation cohort, the metabolic panel-based models had excellent predictive discrimination for moderate to severe AKI within 72 hours (AUC, 0.876 [95% CI, 0.869-0.883]) and 14 days (AUC, 0.854 [95% CI, 0.850-0.861]) after the surgical procedure and for AKI requiring dialysis within 72 hours (AUC, 0.916 [95% CI, 0.907-0.926]) and 14 days (AUC, 0.900 [95% CI, 0.889-0.909]) after the surgical procedure. In the validation cohort of 4734 patients (median [IQR] age, 67 (60-74) years; 3361 [71%] men; 3977 [87%] White participants), the models for moderate to severe AKI after the surgical procedure showed AUCs of 0.860 (95% CI, 0.838-0.882) within 72 hours and 0.842 (95% CI, 0.820-0.865) within 14 days and the models for AKI requiring dialysis and 14 days had an AUC of 0.879 (95% CI, 0.840-0.918) within 72 hours and 0.873 (95% CI, 0.836-0.910) within 14 days after the surgical procedure. Calibration assessed by Spiegelhalter z test showed P >.05 indicating adequate calibration for both validation and derivation models. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among patients undergoing cardiac surgery, a prediction model based on perioperative basic metabolic panel laboratory values demonstrated good predictive accuracy for moderate to severe acute kidney injury within 72 hours and 14 days after the surgical procedure. Further research is needed to determine whether use of the risk prediction tool improves clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevag Demirjian
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - C. Allen Bashour
- Department of Intensive Care and Resuscitation, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Andrew Shaw
- Department of Intensive Care and Resuscitation, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jesse D. Schold
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - James Simon
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - David Anthony
- Department of Intensive Care and Resuscitation, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Edward Soltesz
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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20
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Lo T, Varma S, Shaw A, Michalova K. Varicella Zoster Reactivation Causing Acute Retinal Necrosis following mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination in a Young Immunocompetent Man. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2022; 31:609-612. [PMID: 35133925 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2022.2033795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Varicella zoster reactivation is an increasingly recognised event following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. In addition, various ocular inflammatory and infectious adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination have been described in the literature. This case report describes acute retinal necrosis (ARN) secondary to varicella zoster virus (VZV) reactivation following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. CASE DESCRIPTION A 42-year-old immunocompetent man developed left ARN 12 days following first dose of Pfizer BioNTech mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. Aqueous and vitreous tap polymerase chain reaction testing was positive for VZV. Good visual outcome was achieved with combination therapy, including intravitreal foscarnet, oral valaciclovir and prednisolone, topical dexamethasone and atropine, and barrier retinal laser. Second dose of the vaccine is planned under cover of high-dose oral valaciclovir therapy. CONCLUSION This case illustrates the possible association between COVID-19 vaccination and potentially blinding VZV reactivation. Therefore, prompt ophthalmic assessment is recommended in patients with visual disturbance following COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Lo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Monash Health, Clayton, Australia
| | - Shivesh Varma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Monash Health, Clayton, Australia
| | - Andrew Shaw
- Department of Ophthalmology, Monash Health, Clayton, Australia
| | - Kira Michalova
- Department of Ophthalmology, Monash Health, Clayton, Australia
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21
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Kakade P, Ojha H, Raimi OG, Shaw A, Waddell AD, Ault JR, Burel S, Brockmann K, Kumar A, Ahangar MS, Krysztofinska EM, Macartney T, Bayliss R, Fitzgerald JC, Muqit MMK. Mapping of a N-terminal α-helix domain required for human PINK1 stabilization, Serine228 autophosphorylation and activation in cells. Open Biol 2022; 12:210264. [PMID: 35042401 PMCID: PMC8767193 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive mutations in the PINK1 gene are causal for Parkinson's disease (PD). PINK1 encodes a mitochondrial localized protein kinase that is a master-regulator of mitochondrial quality control pathways. Structural studies to date have elaborated the mechanism of how mutations located within the kinase domain disrupt PINK1 function; however, the molecular mechanism of PINK1 mutations located upstream and downstream of the kinase domain is unknown. We have employed mutagenesis studies to define the minimal region of human PINK1 required for optimal ubiquitin phosphorylation, beginning at residue Ile111. Inspection of the AlphaFold human PINK1 structure model predicts a conserved N-terminal α-helical extension (NTE) domain forming an intramolecular interaction with the C-terminal extension (CTE), which we corroborate using hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry of recombinant insect PINK1 protein. Cell-based analysis of human PINK1 reveals that PD-associated mutations (e.g. Q126P), located within the NTE : CTE interface, markedly inhibit stabilization of PINK1; autophosphorylation at Serine228 (Ser228) and Ubiquitin Serine65 (Ser65) phosphorylation. Furthermore, we provide evidence that NTE and CTE domain mutants disrupt PINK1 stabilization at the mitochondrial Translocase of outer membrane complex. The clinical relevance of our findings is supported by the demonstration of defective stabilization and activation of endogenous PINK1 in human fibroblasts of a patient with early-onset PD due to homozygous PINK1 Q126P mutations. Overall, we define a functional role of the NTE : CTE interface towards PINK1 stabilization and activation and show that loss of NTE : CTE interactions is a major mechanism of PINK1-associated mutations linked to PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Kakade
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Hina Ojha
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Olawale G. Raimi
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Andrew Shaw
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Andrew D. Waddell
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - James R. Ault
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Sophie Burel
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Kathrin Brockmann
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- The German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Atul Kumar
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
- Division of Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Mohd Syed Ahangar
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Ewelina M. Krysztofinska
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, UK
| | - Thomas Macartney
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Richard Bayliss
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Julia C. Fitzgerald
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Miratul M. K. Muqit
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
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22
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Paudyal B, Mwangi W, Rijal P, Schwartz JC, Noble A, Shaw A, Sealy JE, Bonnet-Di Placido M, Graham SP, Townsend A, Hammond JA, Tchilian E. Fc-Mediated Functions of Porcine IgG Subclasses. Front Immunol 2022; 13:903755. [PMID: 35757698 PMCID: PMC9218351 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.903755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pig is an important agricultural species and powerful biomedical model. We have established the pig, a large natural host animal for influenza with many physiological similarities to humans, as a robust model for testing the therapeutic potential of monoclonal antibodies. Antibodies provide protection through neutralization and recruitment of innate effector functions through the Fc domain. However very little is known about the Fc-mediated functions of porcine IgG subclasses. We have generated 8 subclasses of two porcine monoclonal anti influenza hemagglutinin antibodies. We characterized their ability to activate complement, trigger cytotoxicity and phagocytosis by immune cells and assayed their binding to monocytes, macrophages, and natural killer cells. We show that IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG2c and IgG4 bind well to targeted cell types and mediate complement mediated cellular cytotoxicity (CDCC), antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody mediated cell phagocytosis (ADCP). IgG5b and IgG5c exhibited weak binding and variable and poor functional activity. Immune complexes of porcine IgG3 did not show any Fc-mediated functions except for binding to monocytes and macrophages and weak binding to NK cells. Interestingly, functionally similar porcine IgG subclasses clustered together in the genome. These novel findings will enhance the utility of the pig model for investigation of therapeutic antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basudev Paudyal
- Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
| | - William Mwangi
- Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
| | - Pramila Rijal
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - John C Schwartz
- Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair Noble
- Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Shaw
- Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua E Sealy
- Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
| | | | - Simon P Graham
- Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
| | - Alain Townsend
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - John A Hammond
- Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
| | - Elma Tchilian
- Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
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Nunley P, Strenge KB, Huntsman K, Bae H, DiPaola C, T AR, Shaw A, Sasso RC, Araghi A, Staub B, Chen S, Miller LE, Musacchio M. Lumbar Discectomy With Barricaid Device Implantation in Patients at High Risk of Reherniation: Initial Results From a Postmarket Study
. Cureus 2021; 13:e20274. [PMID: 35018268 PMCID: PMC8741419 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with large defects in the annulus fibrosus following lumbar discectomy have high rates of symptomatic reherniation and reoperation. An FDA randomized controlled trial (RCT) with a bone-anchored device (Barricaid, Intrinsic Therapeutics, Woburn, MA) that occludes the annular defect reported significantly lower risk of symptomatic reherniation and reoperation compared to patients receiving discectomy only. However, results of the Barricaid device in real-world use remain limited. Methods This was a post-market study to determine the real-world outcomes of the Barricaid device when used in addition to primary lumbar discectomy in patients with large annular defects. Main outcomes included leg pain severity, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), adverse events, symptomatic reherniation, and reoperation. Imaging studies were read by an independent imaging core laboratory. This paper reports the initial three-month primary endpoint results from the trial; one-year patient follow-up is ongoing. Results Among 55 patients (mean age 41±13 years, 60% male), the mean percent reduction in leg pain severity was 92%, and the mean percent reduction in ODI score was 79%. The three-month rate of symptomatic reherniation was 3.6% and the rate of reoperation was 1.8%. The serious adverse event rate was 5.5%; no device migrations or fractures were observed. Conclusion Among patients with large annular defects following lumbar discectomy treated with the Barricaid device in real-world conditions, early results demonstrated clinically meaningful improvements in patient symptoms and low rates of symptomatic reherniation, reoperation, and complications, which were comparable to those observed with the device in an FDA-regulated trial.
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Anandamurthy B, Shaw A, Skubas NJ. Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists Consensus Statement on Intraoperative Management of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A New Instrument in the Perioperative Medicine Toolkit. Anesth Analg 2021; 133:1456-1458. [PMID: 34784332 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Shaw
- From the Departments of Intensive Care and Resuscitation
| | - Nikolaos J Skubas
- Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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25
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Oerther DB, Chin DA, Shaw A, Vaccari DA, Wert W. Dear WEF, the Academy needs your input to update the Environmental Engineering Body of Knowledge. Water Environ Res 2021; 93:2832-2833. [PMID: 34569119 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Oerther
- American Academy of Environmental Engineers and Scientists, Annapolis, Maryland, USA
| | - David A Chin
- American Academy of Environmental Engineers and Scientists, Annapolis, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew Shaw
- American Academy of Environmental Engineers and Scientists, Annapolis, Maryland, USA
| | - David A Vaccari
- American Academy of Environmental Engineers and Scientists, Annapolis, Maryland, USA
| | - Wendy Wert
- American Academy of Environmental Engineers and Scientists, Annapolis, Maryland, USA
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26
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Shaw A, Pilkington RJJ, Wilson A, Nugent M. 748 Case Series: Experience of Using External Fixation as An Adjunct in The Management of MRONJ Affecting the Mandible. Br J Surg 2021. [PMCID: PMC8524604 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
External fixation was first described by Malgaigne and Rigaud in 1870 for use on long bones, then adapted for OMFS in 1934 and used for treating comminuted fractures. In recent times, popularity of external fixators has decreased with the use of mini-plates, often only used in major trauma, for example gunshot wounds. This is a case series of patients who have been treated by external fixation for medication related osteonecrosis (MRONJ) of the jaw and could be a fairly simple alternative to major reconstructive surgery in such cases. This method of treatment has been particularly useful during the Covid-19 pandemic as a non-aerosol generating procedure.
Method
A single centre, retrospective study of 5 cases between December 2018 - December 2020. The MRONJ cases were graded using the AAOMS classification. All cases treated with external fixation of mandible were included. Pre-operative condition, medical history, treatment complications, pain management, length of treatment and follow-up results were recorded.
Results
Of the 5 cases treated for MRONJ, 4 of these had pathological fractures. All were AAOMS stage 3. The mean duration of treatment was 78 days, with regular clinical reviews monitoring progress. Of these cases, 4 cases healed well with significant improvement or closure of intraoral and extra-oral wounds.
Conclusions
In this small case series the technique has shown positive results; being well received by patients and allowing function while in situ. It allows treatment of pathological fractures as well as stabilising the mandible as a preventative measure whilst debriding severely atrophic mandibles.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shaw
- Sunderland Royal Hospital, Sunderland, United Kingdom
| | | | - A Wilson
- Sunderland Royal Hospital, Sunderland, United Kingdom
| | - M Nugent
- Sunderland Royal Hospital, Sunderland, United Kingdom
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27
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Lee SMW, Shaw A, Simpson JL, Uminsky D, Garratt LW. Differential cell counts using center-point networks achieves human-level accuracy and efficiency over segmentation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16917. [PMID: 34413367 PMCID: PMC8377024 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96067-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Differential cell counts is a challenging task when applying computer vision algorithms to pathology. Existing approaches to train cell recognition require high availability of multi-class segmentation and/or bounding box annotations and suffer in performance when objects are tightly clustered. We present differential count network ("DCNet"), an annotation efficient modality that utilises keypoint detection to locate in brightfield images the centre points of cells (not nuclei) and their cell class. The single centre point annotation for DCNet lowered burden for experts to generate ground truth data by 77.1% compared to bounding box labeling. Yet centre point annotation still enabled high accuracy when training DCNet on a multi-class algorithm on whole cell features, matching human experts in all 5 object classes in average precision and outperforming humans in consistency. The efficacy and efficiency of the DCNet end-to-end system represents a significant progress toward an open source, fully computationally approach to differential cell count based diagnosis that can be adapted to any pathology need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarada M W Lee
- Perth Machine Learning Group, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Andrew Shaw
- Data Institute, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94117, USA
| | - Jodie L Simpson
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - David Uminsky
- Department of Computer Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Luke W Garratt
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.
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28
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Hummel M, Bosje T, Shaw A, Liu MS, Barve A, Kothekar M, Socinski MA, Waller CF. A pharmacokinetics study of proposed bevacizumab biosimilar MYL-1402O vs EU-bevacizumab and US-bevacizumab. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 148:487-496. [PMID: 33866430 PMCID: PMC8800899 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03628-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bevacizumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody that inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor-specific angiogenesis in some cancers. MYL-1402O is a proposed bevacizumab biosimilar. METHODS The primary objective of this single-center, randomized, double-blind, three-arm, parallel-group, phase 1 study in healthy male volunteers was to evaluate bioequivalence of MYL-1402O to EU and US-reference bevacizumab, and EU-reference bevacizumab to US-reference bevacizumab. The primary pharmacokinetic parameter was area under the serum concentration-time curve from 0 extrapolated to infinity (AUC0-∞). Pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed using general linear models of analysis of variance. Secondary endpoints included safety and tolerability. RESULTS Of 111 enrolled subjects, 110 were included in the pharmacokinetic analysis (MYL-1402O, n = 37; EU-reference bevacizumab, n = 36; US-reference bevacizumab, n = 37). Bioequivalence was demonstrated between MYL-1402O and EU-reference bevacizumab, MYL-1402O and US-reference bevacizumab, and between EU- and US-reference bevacizumab where least squares mean ratios of AUC0-∞ were close to 1, and 90% CIs were within the equivalence range (0.80-1.25). Secondary pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC from 0 to time of last quantifiable concentration [AUC0-t], peak serum concentration [Cmax], time to Cmax, elimination rate constant, and elimination half-life) were also comparable, with 90% CIs for ratios of AUC0-t and Cmax within 80-125%. Treatment-emergent adverse events were similar across all three treatment groups and were consistent with clinical data for bevacizumab. CONCLUSION MYL-1402O was well tolerated and demonstrated pharmacokinetic and safety profiles similar to EU-reference bevacizumab and US-reference bevacizumab in healthy male volunteers. No new significant safety issues emerged (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02469987; ClinicalTrialsRegister.eu EudraCT, 2014-005621-12; June 12, 2015).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tjerk Bosje
- PRA Health Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Mudgal Kothekar
- Biocon Research Ltd (Now With Sun Pharma Advanced Research Company, Mumbai, India), Bangalore, India
| | | | - Cornelius F Waller
- Department of Haematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Centre Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
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29
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Fang L, Monroe F, Novak SW, Kirk L, Schiavon CR, Yu SB, Zhang T, Wu M, Kastner K, Latif AA, Lin Z, Shaw A, Kubota Y, Mendenhall J, Zhang Z, Pekkurnaz G, Harris K, Howard J, Manor U. Deep learning-based point-scanning super-resolution imaging. Nat Methods 2021; 18:406-416. [PMID: 33686300 PMCID: PMC8035334 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-021-01080-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Point-scanning imaging systems are among the most widely used tools for high-resolution cellular and tissue imaging, benefiting from arbitrarily defined pixel sizes. The resolution, speed, sample preservation and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of point-scanning systems are difficult to optimize simultaneously. We show these limitations can be mitigated via the use of deep learning-based supersampling of undersampled images acquired on a point-scanning system, which we term point-scanning super-resolution (PSSR) imaging. We designed a 'crappifier' that computationally degrades high SNR, high-pixel resolution ground truth images to simulate low SNR, low-resolution counterparts for training PSSR models that can restore real-world undersampled images. For high spatiotemporal resolution fluorescence time-lapse data, we developed a 'multi-frame' PSSR approach that uses information in adjacent frames to improve model predictions. PSSR facilitates point-scanning image acquisition with otherwise unattainable resolution, speed and sensitivity. All the training data, models and code for PSSR are publicly available at 3DEM.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjing Fang
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Fred Monroe
- Wicklow AI Medical Research Initiative, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sammy Weiser Novak
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lyndsey Kirk
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Learning and Memory, Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Cara R Schiavon
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Seungyoon B Yu
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tong Zhang
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Melissa Wu
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kyle Kastner
- Montreal Institute for Learning Algorithms, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Alaa Abdel Latif
- Fast.AI, University of San Francisco Data Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zijun Lin
- Fast.AI, University of San Francisco Data Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Shaw
- Fast.AI, University of San Francisco Data Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yoshiyuki Kubota
- Division of Cerebral Circuitry, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - John Mendenhall
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Learning and Memory, Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Texas Advanced Computing Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Gulcin Pekkurnaz
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kristen Harris
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Learning and Memory, Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jeremy Howard
- Fast.AI, University of San Francisco Data Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Uri Manor
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Abdulhadi B, Kot P, Hashim K, Shaw A, Muradov M, Al-Khaddar R. Continuous-flow electrocoagulation (EC) process for iron removal from water: Experimental, statistical and economic study. Sci Total Environ 2021; 760:143417. [PMID: 33168242 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The process of Electrocoagulation (EC), the in-situ production of coagulants by passing an electric current through sacrificial electrodes, is free of chemical additives and cost-effective. This makes it the most widely used water and wastewater treatment method. However, the literature highlights some significant drawbacks of this method including EC unit design limitations. This research therefore aimed to develop a new EC unit design using drilled plates (electrodes) to mix the solution being treated without using external mixers, this minimising power consumption. The performance of the new EC unit was validated by applying it to remove iron from water taking into account the effects of applied current density (ACD), the pH of the water (PoW), iron concentration (IC) and treatment time (TT). The effects of these parameters were optimised using the Box-Behnken model. Synthetic water samples containing different concentrations of iron (10-30 mg/l), were treated in a continuous flow, using the new EC reactor at different ACD (1.5-4.5 mA/cm2), PoW (4-10) and TT (10-50 min). The results revealed that the removal of 99.9% of iron was achieved by keeping PoW, ACD, IC and TT at 7, 3 mA/cm2, 10 mg/l and 50 min, respectively. The effects of ACD, POW, IC and TT on iron removal could be successfully simulated with R2 = 0.9788. The cost of removing iron using the proposed EC unit was 0.623 £/m3.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Abdulhadi
- Built Environment and Sustainable Technologies (BEST) Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom; Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Babylon, Iraq
| | - P Kot
- Built Environment and Sustainable Technologies (BEST) Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom.
| | - K Hashim
- Built Environment and Sustainable Technologies (BEST) Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom; Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Babylon, Iraq
| | - A Shaw
- Built Environment and Sustainable Technologies (BEST) Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom
| | - M Muradov
- Built Environment and Sustainable Technologies (BEST) Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom
| | - R Al-Khaddar
- Built Environment and Sustainable Technologies (BEST) Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom
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31
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Compton T, Skinner MM, Humphrey L, Pope M, Bates M, Davies TW, Parfitt SA, Plummer WP, Scott B, Shaw A, Stringer C. The morphology of the Late Pleistocene hominin remains from the site of La Cotte de St Brelade, Jersey (Channel Islands). J Hum Evol 2021; 152:102939. [PMID: 33517134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thirteen permanent fully erupted teeth were excavated at the Paleolithic site of La Cotte de St Brelade in Jersey in 1910 and 1911. These were all found in the same location, on a ledge behind a hearth in a Mousterian occupation level. They were originally identified as being Neanderthal. A fragment of occipital bone was found in a separate locality in a later season. Recent dating of adjacent sediments gives a probable age of <48 ka. The purpose of this article is to provide an updated description of the morphology of this material and consider its likely taxonomic assignment from comparison with Neanderthal and Homo sapiens samples. One of the original teeth has been lost, and we identify one as nonhominin. At least two adult individuals are represented. Cervix shape and the absence of common Neanderthal traits in several teeth suggest affinities with H. sapiens in both individuals, while crown and root dimensions and root morphology of all the teeth are entirely consistent with a Neanderthal attribution, pointing toward a possible shared Neanderthal and H. sapiens ancestry (the likely date of this material corresponds with the time in which both Neanderthals and H. sapiens were present in Europe). The occipital fragment is stratigraphically more recent and does not exhibit any diagnostic Neanderthal features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Compton
- Centre for Human Evolution Research, Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK.
| | - Matthew M Skinner
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NR, UK; Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Louise Humphrey
- Centre for Human Evolution Research, Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Matthew Pope
- UCL Institute of Archaeology, University College London, 31-34 Gordon Square, London, WC1H 0PY, UK
| | - Martin Bates
- Faculty of Humanities and Performing Arts, University of Wales Trinity St David, Lampeter, Ceredigion, SA48 7ED, UK
| | - Thomas W Davies
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Simon A Parfitt
- Centre for Human Evolution Research, Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK; UCL Institute of Archaeology, University College London, 31-34 Gordon Square, London, WC1H 0PY, UK
| | - William P Plummer
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NR, UK
| | - Beccy Scott
- The British Museum, Great Russell Street, London, WC1B 3DG, UK
| | - Andrew Shaw
- Wessex Archaeology, Portway House, Old Sarum Park, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 6EB, UK
| | - Chris Stringer
- Centre for Human Evolution Research, Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
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32
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Shaw A. Leadership: virtual special issue. Clin Radiol 2020; 76:83. [PMID: 33309336 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Shaw
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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33
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Huber A, Brezinsek S, Huber V, Sertoli M, Sergienko G, Borodkina I, Baruzzo M, Kirschner A, Borodin D, Mailloux J, Aleiferis S, Carvalho P, Lawson K, Linsmeier C, Meigs A, Menmuir S, Mertens P, Pawelec E, Shaw A. Erosion and screening of tungsten during inter/intra-ELM periods in the JET-ILW divertor. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2020.100859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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34
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Lopes Simões A, Mir R, Lawless C, Shaw A, Peedell C, Pope T, Lester J, Landau D, Faivre-Finn C, Matthew H. PO-1879: A novel and objective plan evaluation tool for dose escalation in NSCLC within the ADCSCaN trial. Radiother Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)01897-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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35
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DeAnda A, Basu R, Cheung AT, Shaw A. The Economic Consequences of Cardiac Surgery Associated Acute Renal Dysfunction After Heart Surgery. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 33:1001-1007. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2020.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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36
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Benveniste J, Birol F, Calafat F, Cazenave A, Dieng H, Gouzenes Y, Legeais JF, Léger F, Niño F, Passaro M, Schwatke C, Shaw A. Coastal sea level anomalies and associated trends from Jason satellite altimetry over 2002-2018. Sci Data 2020; 7:357. [PMID: 33082349 PMCID: PMC7576834 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-020-00694-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate-related sea level changes in the world coastal zones result from the superposition of the global mean rise due to ocean warming and land ice melt, regional changes caused by non-uniform ocean thermal expansion and salinity changes, and by the solid Earth response to current water mass redistribution and associated gravity change, plus small-scale coastal processes (e.g., shelf currents, wind & waves changes, fresh water input from rivers, etc.). So far, satellite altimetry has provided global gridded sea level time series up to 10-15 km to the coast only, preventing estimation of sea level changes very close to the coast. Here we present a 16-year-long (June 2002 to May 2018), high-resolution (20-Hz), along-track sea level dataset at monthly interval, together with associated sea level trends, at 429 coastal sites in six regions (Northeast Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea, Western Africa, North Indian Ocean, Southeast Asia and Australia). This new coastal sea level product is based on complete reprocessing of raw radar altimetry waveforms from the Jason-1, Jason-2 and Jason-3 missions.
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37
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Corominas L, Byrne DM, Guest JS, Hospido A, Roux P, Shaw A, Short MD. The application of life cycle assessment (LCA) to wastewater treatment: A best practice guide and critical review. Water Res 2020; 184:116058. [PMID: 32771688 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Life cycle assessment (LCA) has been widely applied in the wastewater industry, but inconsistencies in assumptions and methods have made it difficult for researchers and practitioners to synthesize results from across studies. This paper presents a critical review of published LCAs related to municipal wastewater management with a focus on developing systematic guidance for researchers and practitioners to conduct LCA studies to inform planning, design, and optimization of wastewater management and infrastructure (wastewater treatment plants, WWTPs; collection and reuse systems; related treatment technologies and policies), and to support the development of new technologies to advance treatment objectives and the sustainability of wastewater management. The paper guides the reader step by step through LCA methodology to make informed decisions on i) the definition of the goal and scope, ii) the selection of the functional unit and system boundaries, iii) the selection of variables to include and their sources to obtain inventories, iv) the selection of impact assessment methods, and v) the selection of an effective approach for data interpretation and communication to decision-makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluís Corominas
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain.
| | - Diana M Byrne
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Kentucky, 161 Raymond Building, Lexington, KY, 40506, United States
| | - Jeremy S Guest
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2331 Newmark Civil Engineering Laboratory, 205 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States
| | - Almudena Hospido
- CRETUS Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain, Rúa Lope Gómez de Marzoa, S/n., 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Philippe Roux
- ITAP, Univ Montpellier, Irstea, Montpellier SupAgro, ELSA Research Group and ELSA-PACT Industrial Chair, Montpellier, France
| | - Andrew Shaw
- Black & Veatch, 4400 Post Oak Parkway, Suite 1200, Houston, TX, 77027, USA
| | - Michael D Short
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, 5095, Australia
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Ou S, Solomon B, Shaw A, Gadgeel S, Besse B, Soo R, Abbattista A, Thurm H, Toffalorio F, Wiltshire R, Bearz A. 1302P Lorlatinib in patients with ALK+ NSCLC treated beyond initial disease progression. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.1616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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39
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Bello SM, Blinkhorn E, Needham A, Bates M, Duffy S, Little A, Pope M, Scott B, Shaw A, Welch MD, Kinnaird T, Millar L, Robinson R, Conneller C. Artists on the edge of the world: An integrated approach to the study of Magdalenian engraved stone plaquettes from Jersey (Channel Islands). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236875. [PMID: 32813748 PMCID: PMC7446900 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Upper Palaeolithic is characterised by the appearance of iconographic expressions most often depicting animals, including anthropomorphic forms, and geometric signs. The Late Upper Palaeolithic Magdalenian saw a flourishing of such depictions, encompassing cave art, engraving of stone, bone and antler blanks and decoration of tools and weapons. Though Magdalenian settlement exists as far northwest as Britain, there is a limited range of art known from this region, possibly associated with only fleeting occupation of Britain during this period. Stone plaquettes, flat fragments of stone engraved on at least one surface, have been found in large quantities at numerous sites spanning the temporal and geographical spread of the Magdalenian, but they have been absent so far from the archaeological record of the British Isles. Between 2015 and 2018, ten fragments of stone plaquettes extensively engraved with abstract designs were uncovered at the Magdalenian site of Les Varines, Jersey, Channel Islands. In this paper, we report detailed analyses of these finds, which provide new evidence for technologies of abstract mark-making, and their significance within the lives of people on the edge of the Magdalenian world. These engraved stone fragments represent important, rare evidence of artistic expression in what is the far northern and western range of the Magdalenian and add new insight to the wider significance of dynamic practices of artistic expression during the Upper Palaeolithic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia M. Bello
- Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (SMB); (CC)
| | - Edward Blinkhorn
- Institute of Archaeology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Needham
- Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Bates
- School of Environment, Archaeology, History and Anthropology, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, Lampeter, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Duffy
- Department of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Aimée Little
- Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Matt Pope
- Institute of Archaeology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew Shaw
- Wessex Archaeology, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Mark D. Welch
- Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Kinnaird
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Millar
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Robinson
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Chantal Conneller
- School of History, Classics and Archaeology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (SMB); (CC)
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Bailey JD, Shaw A, McNeill E, Nicol T, Diotallevi M, Chuaiphichai S, Patel J, Hale A, Channon KM, Crabtree MJ. Isolation and culture of murine bone marrow-derived macrophages for nitric oxide and redox biology. Nitric Oxide 2020; 100-101:17-29. [PMID: 32339668 PMCID: PMC7284309 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are mononuclear phagocytes derived from haematopoietic progenitors that are widely distributed throughout the body. These cells participate in both innate and adaptive immune responses and lie central to the processes of inflammation, development, and homeostasis. Macrophage physiology varies depending on the environment in which they reside and they exhibit rapid functional adaption in response to external stimuli. To study macrophages in vitro, cells are typically cultured ex vivo from the peritoneum or alveoli, or differentiated from myeloid bone marrow progenitor cells to form bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). BMDMs represent an efficient and cost-effective means of studying macrophage biology. However, the inherent sensitivity of macrophages to biochemical stimuli (such as cytokines, metabolic intermediates, and RNS/ROS) makes it imperative to control experimental conditions rigorously. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish an optimised and standardised method for the isolation and culture of BMDMs. We used classically activated macrophages isolated from WT and nitric oxide (NO)-deficient mice to develop a standardised culture method, whereby the constituents of the culture media are defined. We then methodically compared our standardised protocol to the most commonly used method of BMDM culture to establish an optimal protocol for the study of nitric oxide (NO)-redox biology and immunometabolism in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade D Bailey
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Andrew Shaw
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK; School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Clinical & Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Eileen McNeill
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Thomas Nicol
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Marina Diotallevi
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Surawee Chuaiphichai
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Jyoti Patel
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Ashley Hale
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Keith M Channon
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Mark J Crabtree
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
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McLean KA, Ahmed WUR, Akhbari M, Claireaux HA, English C, Frost J, Henshall DE, Khan M, Kwek I, Nicola M, Rehman S, Varghese S, Drake TM, Bell S, Nepogodiev D, McLean KA, Drake TM, Glasbey JC, Borakati A, Drake TM, Kamarajah S, McLean KA, Bath MF, Claireaux HA, Gundogan B, Mohan M, Deekonda P, Kong C, Joyce H, Mcnamee L, Woin E, Burke J, Khatri C, Fitzgerald JE, Harrison EM, Bhangu A, Nepogodiev D, Arulkumaran N, Bell S, Duthie F, Hughes J, Pinkney TD, Prowle J, Richards T, Thomas M, Dynes K, Patel M, Patel P, Wigley C, Suresh R, Shaw A, Klimach S, Jull P, Evans D, Preece R, Ibrahim I, Manikavasagar V, Smith R, Brown FS, Deekonda P, Teo R, Sim DPY, Borakati A, Logan AE, Barai I, Amin H, Suresh S, Sethi R, Bolton W, Corbridge O, Horne L, Attalla M, Morley R, Robinson C, Hoskins T, McAllister R, Lee S, Dennis Y, Nixon G, Heywood E, Wilson H, Ng L, Samaraweera S, Mills A, Doherty C, Woin E, Belchos J, Phan V, Chouari T, Gardner T, Goergen N, Hayes JDB, MacLeod CS, McCormack R, McKinley A, McKinstry S, Milligan W, Ooi L, Rafiq NM, Sammut T, Sinclair E, Smith M, Baker C, Boulton APR, Collins J, Copley HC, Fearnhead N, Fox H, Mah T, McKenna J, Naruka V, Nigam N, Nourallah B, Perera S, Qureshi A, Saggar S, Sun L, Wang X, Yang DD, Caroll P, Doyle C, Elangovan S, Falamarzi A, Perai KG, Greenan E, Jain D, Lang-Orsini M, Lim S, O'Byrne L, Ridgway P, Van der Laan S, Wong J, Arthur J, Barclay J, Bradley P, Edwin C, Finch E, Hayashi E, Hopkins M, Kelly D, Kelly M, McCartan N, Ormrod A, Pakenham A, Hayward J, Hitchen C, Kishore A, Martins T, Philomen J, Rao R, Rickards C, Burns N, Copeland M, Durand C, Dyal A, Ghaffar A, Gidwani A, Grant M, Gribbon C, Gruhn A, Leer M, Ahmad K, Beattie G, Beatty M, Campbell G, Donaldson G, Graham S, Holmes D, Kanabar S, Liu H, McCann C, Stewart R, Vara S, Ajibola-Taylor O, Andah EJE, Ani C, Cabdi NMO, Ito G, Jones M, Komoriyama A, Patel P, Titu L, Basra M, Gallogly P, Harinath G, Leong SH, Pradhan A, Siddiqui I, Zaat S, Ali A, Galea M, Looi WL, Ng JCK, Atkin G, Azizi A, Cargill Z, China Z, Elliot J, Jebakumar R, Lam J, Mudalige G, Onyerindu C, Renju M, Babu VS, Hussain M, Joji N, Lovett B, Mownah H, Ali B, Cresswell B, Dhillon AK, Dupaguntla YS, Hungwe C, Lowe-Zinola JD, Tsang JCH, Bevan K, Cardus C, Duggal A, Hossain S, McHugh M, Scott M, Chan F, Evans R, Gurung E, Haughey B, Jacob-Ramsdale B, Kerr M, Lee J, McCann E, O'Boyle K, Reid N, Hayat F, Hodgson S, Johnston R, Jones W, Khan M, Linn T, Long S, Seetharam P, Shaman S, Smart B, Anilkumar A, Davies J, Griffith J, Hughes B, Islam Y, Kidanu D, Mushaini N, Qamar I, Robinson H, Schramm M, Tan CY, Apperley H, Billyard C, Blazeby JM, Cannon SP, Carse S, Göpfert A, Loizidou A, Parkin J, Sanders E, Sharma S, Slade G, Telfer R, Huppatz IW, Worley E, Chandramoorthy L, Friend C, Harris L, Jain P, Karim MJ, Killington K, McGillicuddy J, Rafferty C, Rahunathan N, Rayne T, Varathan Y, Verma N, Zanichelli D, Arneill M, Brown F, Campbell B, Crozier L, Henry J, McCusker C, Prabakaran P, Wilson R, Asif U, Connor M, Dindyal S, Math N, Pagarkar A, Saleem H, Seth I, Sharma S, Standfield N, Swartbol T, Adamson R, Choi JE, El Tokhy O, Ho W, Javaid NR, Kelly M, Mehdi AS, Menon D, Plumptre I, Sturrock S, Turner J, Warren O, Crane E, Ferris B, Gadsby C, Smallwood J, Vipond M, Wilson V, Amarnath T, Doshi A, Gregory C, Kandiah K, Powell B, Spoor H, Toh C, Vizor R, Common M, Dunleavy K, Harris S, Luo C, Mesbah Z, Kumar AP, Redmond A, Skulsky S, Walsh T, Daly D, Deery L, Epanomeritakis E, Harty M, Kane D, Khan K, Mackey R, McConville J, McGinnity K, Nixon G, Ang A, Kee JY, Leung E, Norman S, Palaniappan SV, Sarathy PP, Yeoh T, Frost J, Hazeldine P, Jones L, Karbowiak M, Macdonald C, Mutarambirwa A, Omotade A, Runkel M, Ryan G, Sawers N, Searle C, Suresh S, Vig S, Ahmad A, McGartland R, Sim R, Song A, Wayman J, Brown R, Chang LH, Concannon K, Crilly C, Arnold TJ, Burgin A, Cadden F, Choy CH, Coleman M, Lim D, Luk J, Mahankali-Rao P, Prudence-Taylor AJ, Ramakrishnan D, Russell J, Fawole A, Gohil J, Green B, Hussain A, McMenamin L, McMenamin L, Tang M, Azmi F, Benchetrit S, Cope T, Haque A, Harlinska A, Holdsworth R, Ivo T, Martin J, Nisar T, Patel A, Sasapu K, Trevett J, Vernet G, Aamir A, Bird C, Durham-Hall A, Gibson W, Hartley J, May N, Maynard V, Johnson S, Wood CM, O'Brien M, Orbell J, Stringfellow TD, Tenters F, Tresidder S, Cheung W, Grant A, Tod N, Bews-Hair M, Lim ZH, Lim SW, Vella-Baldacchino M, Auckburally S, Chopada A, Easdon S, Goodson R, McCurdie F, Narouz M, Radford A, Rea E, Taylor O, Yu T, Alfa-Wali M, Amani L, Auluck I, Bruce P, Emberton J, Kumar R, Lagzouli N, Mehta A, Murtaza A, Raja M, Dennahy IS, Frew K, Given A, He YY, Karim MA, MacDonald E, McDonald E, McVinnie D, Ng SK, Pettit A, Sim DPY, Berthaume-Hawkins SD, Charnley R, Fenton K, Jones D, Murphy C, Ng JQ, Reehal R, Robinson H, Seraj SS, Shang E, Tonks A, White P, Yeo A, Chong P, Gabriel R, Patel N, Richardson E, Symons L, Aubrey-Jones D, Dawood S, Dobrzynska M, Faulkner S, Griffiths H, Mahmood F, Patel P, Perry M, Power A, Simpson R, Ali A, Brobbey P, Burrows A, Elder P, Ganyani R, Horseman C, Hurst P, Mann H, Marimuthu K, McBride S, Pilsworth E, Powers N, Stanier P, Innes R, Kersey T, Kopczynska M, Langasco N, Patel N, Rajagopal R, Atkins B, Beasley W, Lim ZC, Gill A, Ang HL, Williams H, Yogeswara T, Carter R, Fam M, Fong J, Latter J, Long M, Mackinnon S, McKenzie C, Osmanska J, Raghuvir V, Shafi A, Tsang K, Walker L, Bountra K, Coldicutt O, Fletcher D, Hudson S, Iqbal S, Bernal TL, Martin JWB, Moss-Lawton F, Smallwood J, Vipond M, Cardwell A, Edgerton K, Laws J, Rai A, Robinson K, Waite K, Ward J, Youssef H, Knight C, Koo PY, Lazarou A, Stanger S, Thorn C, Triniman MC, Botha A, Boyles L, Cumming S, Deepak S, Ezzat A, Fowler AJ, Gwozdz AM, Hussain SF, Khan S, Li H, Morrell BL, Neville J, Nitiahpapand R, Pickering O, Sagoo H, Sharma E, Welsh K, Denley S, Khan S, Agarwal M, Al-Saadi N, Bhambra R, Gupta A, Jawad ZAR, Jiao LR, Khan K, Mahir G, Singagireson S, Thoms BL, Tseu B, Wei R, Yang N, Britton N, Leinhardt D, Mahfooz M, Palkhi A, Price M, Sheikh S, Barker M, Bowley D, Cant M, Datta U, Farooqi M, Lee A, Morley G, Amin MN, Parry A, Patel S, Strang S, Yoganayagam N, Adlan A, Chandramoorthy S, Choudhary Y, Das K, Feldman M, France B, Grace R, Puddy H, Soor P, Ali M, Dhillon P, Faraj A, Gerard L, Glover M, Imran H, Kim S, Patrick Y, Peto J, Prabhudesai A, Smith R, Tang A, Vadgama N, Dhaliwal R, Ecclestone T, Harris A, Ong D, Patel D, Philp C, Stewart E, Wang L, Wong E, Xu Y, Ashaye T, Fozard T, Galloway F, Kaptanis S, Mistry P, Nguyen T, Olagbaiye F, Osman M, Philip Z, Rembacken R, Tayeh S, Theodoropoulou K, Herman A, Lau J, Saha A, Trotter M, Adeleye O, Cave D, Gunwa T, Magalhães J, Makwana S, Mason R, Parish M, Regan H, Renwick P, Roberts G, Salekin D, Sivakumar C, Tariq A, Liew I, McDade A, Stewart D, Hague M, Hudson-Peacock N, Jackson CES, James F, Pitt J, Walker EY, Aftab R, Ang JJ, Anwar S, Battle J, Budd E, Chui J, Crook H, Davies P, Easby S, Hackney E, Ho B, Imam SZ, Rammell J, Andrews H, Perry C, Schinle P, Ahmed P, Aquilina T, Balai E, Church M, Cumber E, Curtis A, Davies G, Dennis Y, Dumann E, Greenhalgh S, Kim P, King S, Metcalfe KHM, Passby L, Redgrave N, Soonawalla Z, Waters S, Zornoza A, Gulzar I, Hole J, Hull K, Ishaq H, Karaj J, Kelkar A, Love E, Patel S, Thakrar D, Vine M, Waterman A, Dib NP, Francis N, Hanson M, Ingleton R, Sadanand KS, Sukirthan N, Arnell S, Ball M, Bassam N, Beghal G, Chang A, Dawe V, George A, Huq T, Hussain A, Ikram B, Kanapeckaite L, Khan M, Ramjas D, Rushd A, Sait S, Serry M, Yardimci E, Capella S, Chenciner L, Episkopos C, Karam E, McCarthy C, Moore-Kelly W, Watson N, Ahluwalia V, Barnfield J, Ben-Gal O, Bloom I, Gharatya A, Khodatars K, Merchant N, Moonan A, Moore M, Patel K, Spiers H, Sundaram K, Turner J, Bath MF, Black J, Chadwick H, Huisman L, Ingram H, Khan S, Martin L, Metcalfe M, Sangal P, Seehra J, Thatcher A, Venturini S, Whitcroft I, Afzal Z, Brown S, Gani A, Gomaa A, Hussein N, Oh SY, Pazhaniappan N, Sharkey E, Sivagnanasithiyar T, Williams C, Yeung J, Cruddas L, Gurjar S, Pau A, Prakash R, Randhawa R, Chen L, Eiben I, Naylor M, Osei-Bordom D, Trenear R, Bannard-Smith J, Griffiths N, Patel BY, Saeed F, Abdikadir H, Bennett M, Church R, Clements SE, Court J, Delvi A, Hubert J, Macdonald B, Mansour F, Patel RR, Perris R, Small S, Betts A, Brown N, Chong A, Croitoru C, Grey A, Hickland P, Ho C, Hollington D, McKie L, Nelson AR, Stewart H, Eiben P, Nedham M, Ali I, Brown T, Cumming S, Hunt C, Joyner C, McAlinden C, Roberts J, Rogers D, Thachettu A, Tyson N, Vaughan R, Verma N, Yasin T, Andrew K, Bhamra N, Leong S, Mistry R, Noble H, Rashed F, Walker NR, Watson L, Worsfold M, Yarham E, Abdikadir H, Arshad A, Barmayehvar B, Cato L, Chan-lam N, Do V, Leong A, Sheikh Z, Zheleniakova T, Coppel J, Hussain ST, Mahmood R, Nourzaie R, Prowle J, Sheik-Ali S, Thomas A, Alagappan A, Ashour R, Bains H, Diamond J, Gordon J, Ibrahim B, Khalil M, Mittapalli D, Neo YN, Patil P, Peck FS, Reza N, Swan I, Whyte M, Chaudhry S, Hernon J, Khawar H, O'Brien J, Pullinger M, Rothnie K, Ujjal S, Bhatte S, Curtis J, Green S, Mayer A, Watkinson G, Chapple K, Hawthorne T, Khaliq M, Majkowski L, Malik TAM, Mclauchlan K, En BNW, Parton S, Robinson SD, Saat MI, Shurovi BN, Varatharasasingam K, Ward AE, Behranwala K, Bertelli M, Cohen J, Duff F, Fafemi O, Gupta R, Manimaran M, Mayhew J, Peprah D, Wong MHY, Farmer N, Houghton C, Kandhari N, Khan K, Ladha D, Mayes J, McLennan F, Panahi P, Seehra H, Agrawal R, Ahmed I, Ali S, Birkinshaw F, Choudhry M, Gokani S, Harrogate S, Jamal S, Nawrozzadeh F, Swaray A, Szczap A, Warusavitarne J, Abdalla M, Asemota N, Cullum R, Hartley M, Maxwell-Armstrong C, Mulvenna C, Phillips J, Yule A, Ahmed L, Clement KD, Craig N, Elseedawy E, Gorman D, Kane L, Livie J, Livie V, Moss E, Naasan A, Ravi F, Shields P, Zhu Y, Archer M, Cobley H, Dennis R, Downes C, Guevel B, Lamptey E, Murray H, Radhakrishnan A, Saravanabavan S, Sardar M, Shaw C, Tilliridou V, Wright R, Ye W, Alturki N, Helliwell R, Jones E, Kelly D, Lambotharan S, Scott K, Sivakumar R, Victor L, Boraluwe-Rallage H, Froggatt P, Haynes S, Hung YMA, Keyte A, Matthews L, Evans E, Haray P, John I, Mathivanan A, Morgan L, Oji O, Okorocha C, Rutherford A, Spiers H, Stageman N, Tsui A, Whitham R, Amoah-Arko A, Cecil E, Dietrich A, Fitzpatrick H, Guy C, Hair J, Hilton J, Jawad L, McAleer E, Taylor Z, Yap J, Akhbari M, Debnath D, Dhir T, Elbuzidi M, Elsaddig M, Glace S, Khawaja H, Koshy R, Lal K, Lobo L, McDermott A, Meredith J, Qamar MA, Vaidya A, Acquaah F, Barfi L, Carter N, Gnanappiragasam D, Ji C, Kaminski F, Lawday S, Mackay K, Sulaiman SK, Webb R, Ananthavarathan P, Dalal F, Farrar E, Hashemi R, Hossain M, Jiang J, Kiandee M, Lex J, Mason L, Matthews JH, McGeorge E, Modhwadia S, Pinkney T, Radotra A, Rickard L, Rodman L, Sales A, Tan KL, Bachi A, Bajwa DS, Battle J, Brown LR, Butler A, Calciu A, Davies E, Gardner I, Girdlestone T, Ikogho O, Keelan G, O'Loughlin P, Tam J, Elias J, Ngaage M, Thompson J, Bristow S, Brock E, Davis H, Pantelidou M, Sathiyakeerthy A, Singh K, Chaudhry A, Dickson G, Glen P, Gregoriou K, Hamid H, Mclean A, Mehtaji P, Neophytou G, Potts S, Belgaid DR, Burke J, Durno J, Ghailan N, Hanson M, Henshaw V, Nazir UR, Omar I, Riley BJ, Roberts J, Smart G, Van Winsen K, Bhatti A, Chan M, D'Auria M, Green S, Keshvala C, Li H, Maxwell-Armstrong C, Michaelidou M, Simmonds L, Smith C, Wimalathasan A, Abbas J, Cairns C, Chin YR, Connelly A, Moug S, Nair A, Svolkinas D, Coe P, Subar D, Wang H, Zaver V, Brayley J, Cookson P, Cunningham L, Gaukroger A, Ho M, Hough A, King J, O'Hagan D, Widdison A, Brown R, Brown B, Chavan A, Francis S, Hare L, Lund J, Malone N, Mavi B, McIlwaine A, Rangarajan S, Abuhussein N, Campbell HS, Daniels J, Fitzgerald I, Mansfield S, Pendrill A, Robertson D, Smart YW, Teng T, Yates J, Belgaumkar A, Katira A, Kossoff J, Kukran S, Laing C, Mathew B, Mohamed T, Myers S, Novell R, Phillips BL, Thomas M, Turlejski T, Turner S, Varcada M, Warren L, Wynell-Mayow W, Church R, Linley-Adams L, Osborn G, Saunders M, Spencer R, Srikanthan M, Tailor S, Tullett A, Ali M, Al-Masri S, Carr G, Ebhogiaye O, Heng S, Manivannan S, Manley J, McMillan LE, Peat C, Phillips B, Thomas S, Whewell H, Williams G, Bienias A, Cope EA, Courquin GR, Day L, Garner C, Gimson A, Harris C, Markham K, Moore T, Nadin T, Phillips C, Subratty SM, Brown K, Dada J, Durbacz M, Filipescu T, Harrison E, Kennedy ED, Khoo E, Kremel D, Lyell I, Pronin S, Tummon R, Ventre C, Walls L, Wootton E, Akhtar A, Davies E, El-Sawy D, Farooq M, Gaddah M, Griffiths H, Katsaiti I, Khadem N, Leong K, Williams I, Chean CS, Chudek D, Desai H, Ellerby N, Hammad A, Malla S, Murphy B, Oshin O, Popova P, Rana S, Ward T, Abbott TEF, Akpenyi O, Edozie F, El Matary R, English W, Jeyabaladevan S, Morgan C, Naidu V, Nicholls K, Peroos S, Prowle J, Sansome S, Torrance HD, Townsend D, Brecher J, Fung H, Kazmi Z, Outlaw P, Pursnani K, Ramanujam N, Razaq A, Sattar M, Sukumar S, Tan TSE, Chohan K, Dhuna S, Haq T, Kirby S, Lacy-Colson J, Logan P, Malik Q, McCann J, Mughal Z, Sadiq S, Sharif I, Shingles C, Simon A, Burnage S, Chan SSN, Craig ARJ, Duffield J, Dutta A, Eastwood M, Iqbal F, Mahmood F, Mahmood W, Patel C, Qadeer A, Robinson A, Rotundo A, Schade A, Slade RD, De Freitas M, Kinnersley H, McDowell E, Moens-Lecumberri S, Ramsden J, Rockall T, Wiffen L, Wright S, Bruce C, Francois V, Hamdan K, Limb C, Lunt AJ, Manley L, Marks M, Phillips CFE, Agnew CJF, Barr CJ, Benons N, Hart SJ, Kandage D, Krysztopik R, Mahalingam P, Mock J, Rajendran S, Stoddart MT, Clements B, Gillespie H, Lee S, McDougall R, Murray C, O'Loane R, Periketi S, Tan S, Amoah R, Bhudia R, Dudley B, Gilbert A, Griffiths B, Khan H, McKigney N, Roberts B, Samuel R, Seelarbokus A, Stubbing-Moore A, Thompson G, Williams P, Ahmed N, Akhtar R, Chandler E, Chappelow I, Gil H, Gower T, Kale A, Lingam G, Rutler L, Sellahewa C, Sheikh A, Stringer H, Taylor R, Aglan H, Ashraf MR, Choo S, Das E, Epstein J, Gentry R, Mills D, Poolovadoo Y, Ward N, Bull K, Cole A, Hack J, Khawari S, Lake C, Mandishona T, Perry R, Sleight S, Sultan S, Thornton T, Williams S, Arif T, Castle A, Chauhan P, Chesner R, Eilon T, Kamarajah S, Kambasha C, Lock L, Loka T, Mohammad F, Motahariasl S, Roper L, Sadhra SS, Sheikh A, Toma T, Wadood Q, Yip J, Ainger E, Busti S, Cunliffe L, Flamini T, Gaffing S, Moorcroft C, Peter M, Simpson L, Stokes E, Stott G, Wilson J, York J, Yousaf A, Borakati A, Brown M, Goaman A, Hodgson B, Ijeomah A, Iroegbu U, Kaur G, Lowe C, Mahmood S, Sattar Z, Sen P, Szuman A, Abbas N, Al-Ausi M, Anto N, Bhome R, Eccles L, Elliott J, Hughes EJ, Jones A, Karunatilleke AS, Knight JS, Manson CCF, Mekhail I, Michaels L, Noton TM, Okenyi E, Reeves T, Yasin IH, Banfield DA, Harris R, Lim D, Mason-Apps C, Roe T, Sandhu J, Shafiq N, Stickler E, Tam JP, Williams LM, Ainsworth P, Boualbanat Y, Doull C, Egan E, Evans L, Hassanin K, Ninkovic-Hall G, Odunlami W, Shergill M, Traish M, Cummings D, Kershaw S, Ong J, Reid F, Toellner H, Alwandi A, Amer M, George D, Haynes K, Hughes K, Peakall L, Premakumar Y, Punjabi N, Ramwell A, Sawkins H, Ashwood J, Baker A, Baron C, Bhide I, Blake E, De Cates C, Esmail R, Hosamuddin H, Kapp J, Nguru N, Raja M, Thomson F, Ahmed H, Aishwarya G, Al-Huneidi R, Ali S, Aziz R, Burke D, Clarke B, Kausar A, Maskill D, Mecia L, Myers L, Smith ACD, Walker G, Wroe N, Donohoe C, Gibbons D, Jordan P, Keogh C, Kiely A, Lalor P, McCrohan M, Powell C, Foley MP, Reynolds J, Silke E, Thorpe O, Kong JTH, White C, Ali Q, Dalrymple J, Ge Y, Khan H, Luo RS, Paine H, Paraskeva B, Parker L, Pillai K, Salciccioli J, Selvadurai S, Sonagara V, Springford LR, Tan L, Appleton S, Leadholm N, Zhang Y, Ahern D, Cotter M, Cremen S, Durrigan T, Flack V, Hrvacic N, Jones H, Jong B, Keane K, O'Connell PR, O'sullivan J, Pek G, Shirazi S, Barker C, Brown A, Carr W, Chen Y, Guillotte C, Harte J, Kokayi A, Lau K, McFarlane S, Morrison S, Broad J, Kenefick N, Makanji D, Printz V, Saito R, Thomas O, Breen H, Kirk S, Kong CH, O'Kane A, Eddama M, Engledow A, Freeman SK, Frost A, Goh C, Lee G, Poonawala R, Suri A, Taribagil P, Brown H, Christie S, Dean S, Gravell R, Haywood E, Holt F, Pilsworth E, Rabiu R, Roscoe HW, Shergill S, Sriram A, Sureshkumar A, Tan LC, Tanna A, Vakharia A, Bhullar S, Brannick S, Dunne E, Frere M, Kerin M, Kumar KM, Pratumsuwan T, Quek R, Salman M, Van Den Berg N, Wong C, Ahluwalia J, Bagga R, Borg CM, Calabria C, Draper A, Farwana M, Joyce H, Khan A, Mazza M, Pankin G, Sait MS, Sandhu N, Virani N, Wong J, Woodhams K, Croghan N, Ghag S, Hogg G, Ismail O, John N, Nadeem K, Naqi M, Noe SM, Sharma A, Tan S, Begum F, Best R, Collishaw A, Glasbey J, Golding D, Gwilym B, Harrison P, Jackman T, Lewis N, Luk YL, Porter T, Potluri S, Stechman M, Tate S, Thomas D, Walford B, Auld F, Bleakley A, Johnston S, Jones C, Khaw J, Milne S, O'Neill S, Singh KKR, Smith R, Swan A, Thorley N, Yalamarthi S, Yin ZD, Ali A, Balian V, Bana R, Clark K, Livesey C, McLachlan G, Mohammad M, Pranesh N, Richards C, Ross F, Sajid M, Brooke M, Francombe J, Gresly J, Hutchinson S, Kerrigan K, Matthews E, Nur S, Parsons L, Sandhu A, Vyas M, White F, Zulkifli A, Zuzarte L, Al-Mousawi A, Arya J, Azam S, Yahaya AA, Gill K, Hallan R, Hathaway C, Leptidis I, McDonagh L, Mitrasinovic S, Mushtaq N, Pang N, Peiris GB, Rinkoff S, Chan L, Christopher E, Farhan-Alanie MMH, Gonzalez-Ciscar A, Graham CJ, Lim H, McLean KA, Paterson HM, Rogers A, Roy C, Rutherford D, Smith F, Zubikarai G, Al-Khudairi R, Bamford M, Chang M, Cheng J, Hedley C, Joseph R, Mitchell B, Perera S, Rothwell L, Siddiqui A, Smith J, Taylor K, Wright OW, Baryan HK, Boyd G, Conchie H, Cox L, Davies J, Gardner S, Hill N, Krishna K, Lakin F, Scotcher S, Alberts J, Asad M, Barraclough J, Campbell A, Marshall D, Wakeford W, Cronbach P, D'Souza F, Gammeri E, Houlton J, Hall M, Kethees A, Patel R, Perera M, Prowle J, Shaid M, Webb E, Beattie S, Chadwick M, El-Taji O, Haddad S, Mann M, Patel M, Popat K, Rimmer L, Riyat H, Smith H, Anandarajah C, Cipparrone M, Desai K, Gao C, Goh ET, Howlader M, Jeffreys N, Karmarkar A, Mathew G, Mukhtar H, Ozcan E, Renukanthan A, Sarens N, Sinha C, Woolley A, Bogle R, Komolafe O, Loo F, Waugh D, Zeng R, Crewe A, Mathias J, Mills A, Owen A, Prior A, Saunders I, Baker A, Crilly L, McKeon J, Ubhi HK, Adeogun A, Carr R, Davison C, Devalia S, Hayat A, Karsan RB, Osborne C, Scott K, Weegenaar C, Wijeyaratne M, Babatunde F, Barnor-Ahiaku E, Beattie G, Chitsabesan P, Dixon O, Hall N, Ilenkovan N, Mackrell T, Nithianandasivam N, Orr J, Palazzo F, Saad M, Sandland-Taylor L, Sherlock J, Ashdown T, Chandler S, Garsaa T, Lloyd J, Loh SY, Ng S, Perkins C, Powell-Chandler A, Smith F, Underhill R. Perioperative intravenous contrast administration and the incidence of acute kidney injury after major gastrointestinal surgery: prospective, multicentre cohort study. Br J Surg 2020; 107:1023-1032. [PMID: 32026470 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine the impact of preoperative exposure to intravenous contrast for CT and the risk of developing postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery. METHODS This prospective, multicentre cohort study included adults undergoing gastrointestinal resection, stoma reversal or liver resection. Both elective and emergency procedures were included. Preoperative exposure to intravenous contrast was defined as exposure to contrast administered for the purposes of CT up to 7 days before surgery. The primary endpoint was the rate of AKI within 7 days. Propensity score-matched models were adjusted for patient, disease and operative variables. In a sensitivity analysis, a propensity score-matched model explored the association between preoperative exposure to contrast and AKI in the first 48 h after surgery. RESULTS A total of 5378 patients were included across 173 centres. Overall, 1249 patients (23·2 per cent) received intravenous contrast. The overall rate of AKI within 7 days of surgery was 13·4 per cent (718 of 5378). In the propensity score-matched model, preoperative exposure to contrast was not associated with AKI within 7 days (odds ratio (OR) 0·95, 95 per cent c.i. 0·73 to 1·21; P = 0·669). The sensitivity analysis showed no association between preoperative contrast administration and AKI within 48 h after operation (OR 1·09, 0·84 to 1·41; P = 0·498). CONCLUSION There was no association between preoperative intravenous contrast administered for CT up to 7 days before surgery and postoperative AKI. Risk of contrast-induced nephropathy should not be used as a reason to avoid contrast-enhanced CT.
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Coulman KD, Nicholson A, Shaw A, Daykin A, Selman LE, Macefield R, Shorter GW, Cramer H, Sydes MR, Gamble C, Pick ME, Taylor G, Lane JA. Understanding and optimising patient and public involvement in trial oversight: an ethnographic study of eight clinical trials. Trials 2020; 21:543. [PMID: 32552907 PMCID: PMC7302397 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04495-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trial oversight is important for trial governance and conduct. Patients and/or lay members of the public are increasingly included in trial oversight committees, influenced by international patient and public involvement (PPI) initiatives to improve the quality and relevance of research. However, there is a lack of guidance on how to undertake PPI in trial oversight and tokenistic PPI remains an issue. This paper explores how PPI functions in existing trial oversight committees and provides recommendations to optimise PPI in future trials. This was part of a larger study investigating the role and function of oversight committees in trials facing challenges. METHODS Using an ethnographic study design, we observed oversight meetings of eight UK trials and conducted semi-structured interviews with members of their trial steering committees (TSCs) and trial management groups (TMGs) including public contributors, trial sponsors and funders. Thematic analysis of data was undertaken, with findings integrated to provide a multi-perspective account of how PPI functions in trial oversight. RESULTS Eight TSC and six TMG meetings from eight trials were observed, and 66 semi-structured interviews conducted with 52 purposively sampled oversight group members, including three public contributors. PPI was reported as beneficial in trial oversight, with public members contributing a patient voice and fulfilling a patient advocacy role. However, public contributors were not always active at oversight meetings and were sometimes felt to have a tokenistic role, with trialists reporting a lack of understanding of how to undertake PPI in trial oversight. To optimise PPI in trial oversight, the following areas were highlighted: the importance of planning effective strategies to recruit public contributors; considering the level of oversight and stage(s) of trial to include PPI; support for public contributors by the trial team between and during oversight meetings. CONCLUSIONS We present evidence-based recommendations to inform future PPI in trial oversight. Consideration should be given at trial design stage on how to recruit and involve public contributors within trial oversight, as well as support and mentorship for both public contributors and trialists (in how to undertake PPI effectively). Findings from this study further strengthen the evidence base on facilitating meaningful PPI within clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Coulman
- MRC ConDuCT-II Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK.
| | - A Nicholson
- MRC ConDuCT-II Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - A Shaw
- MRC ConDuCT-II Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - A Daykin
- MRC ConDuCT-II Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - L E Selman
- MRC ConDuCT-II Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - R Macefield
- MRC ConDuCT-II Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - G W Shorter
- Centre for Improving Health Related Quality of Life, School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5BN, UK
| | - H Cramer
- MRC ConDuCT-II Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - M R Sydes
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, WC1J 6JL, UK
- MRC London Hub for Trial Methodology Research, London, UK
| | - C Gamble
- MRC North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - M E Pick
- Bristol Randomised Trials Collaboration, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - G Taylor
- Bristol Randomised Trials Collaboration, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - J A Lane
- MRC ConDuCT-II Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
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Singh G, Shaw A. SMART decisions in fluid management are worth their SALT. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 160:1250-1254. [PMID: 32279957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.12.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gurmeet Singh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrew Shaw
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Shaw A, Arnold LD, Privitera L, Whitfield PD, Doherty MK, Morè L. A proteomic signature for CNS adaptations to the valence of environmental stimulation. Behav Brain Res 2020; 383:112515. [PMID: 32006564 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Environmental Enrichment leads to a significant improvement in long-term performance across a range of cognitive functions in mammals and it has been shown to produce an increased synaptic density and neurogenesis. Nevertheless it is still an open question as to whether some key aspects of spatial learning & memory and procedural learning might be embodied by different molecular pathways to those of social cognition. Associated with synaptic changes and potentially underlying conditions, the Ras-ERK pathway has been proposed to be the primary mediator of in vivo adaptations to environmental enrichment, acting via the downstream Ras-ERK signalling kinase MSK1 and the transcription factor CREB. Herein, we show that valence of environmental stimulation increased social competition and that this is associated with a specific proteomic signature in the frontal lobe but notably not in the hippocampus. Specifically, we show that altering the valence of environmental stimuli affected the level of social competition, with mice from negatively enriched environments winning significantly more encounters-even though mice from positive were bigger and should display dominance. This behavioural phenotype was accompanied by changes in the proteome of the fronto-ventral pole of the brain, with a differential increase in the relative abundance of proteins involved in the mitochondrial metabolic processes of the TCA cycle and respiratory processes. Investigation of this proteomic signature may pave the way for the elucidation of novel pathways underpinning the behavioural changes caused by negative enrichment and further out understanding of conditions whose core feature is increased social competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Shaw
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Luke D Arnold
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Lucia Privitera
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK & School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Phillip D Whitfield
- Division of Biomedical Science, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, IV2 3JH, UK
| | - Mary K Doherty
- Division of Biomedical Science, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, IV2 3JH, UK
| | - Lorenzo Morè
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK.
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Onnis-Hayden A, Srinivasan V, Tooker NB, Li G, Wang D, Barnard JL, Bott C, Dombrowski P, Schauer P, Menniti A, Shaw A, Stinson B, Stevens G, Dunlap P, Takács I, McQuarrie J, Phillips H, Lambrecht A, Analla H, Russell A, Gu AZ. Survey of full-scale sidestream enhanced biological phosphorus removal (S2EBPR) systems and comparison with conventional EBPRs in North America: Process stability, kinetics, and microbial populations. Water Environ Res 2020; 92:403-417. [PMID: 31402530 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Sidestream EBPR (S2EBPR) is an emerging alternative process to address common challenges in EBPR related to weak wastewater influent and may improve EBPR process stability. A systematic evaluation and comparison of the process performance and microbial community structure was conducted between conventional and S2EBPR facilities in North America. The statistical analysis suggested higher performance stability in S2EBPR than conventional EBPR, although possible bias associated with other plant-specific factors might have affected the comparison. Variations in stoichiometric values related to EBPR activity and discrepancies between the observed values and current model predictions suggested a varying degree of metabolic versatility of PAOs in S2EBPR systems that warrant further investigation. Microbial community analysis using various techniques suggested comparable known candidate PAO relative abundances in S2EBPR and conventional EBPR systems, whereas the relative abundance of known candidate GAOs seemed to be consistently lower in S2EBPR facilities than conventional EBPR facilities. 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis revealed differences in the community phylogenetic fingerprints between S2EBPR and conventional facilities and indicated statistically higher microbial diversity index values in S2EBPR facilities than those in conventional EBPRs. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Sidestream EBPR (S2EBPR) can be implemented with varying and flexible configurations, and they offer advantages over conventional configurations for addressing the common challenges in EBPR related to weak wastewater influent and may improve EBPR process stability. Survey of S2EBPR plants in North America suggested statistically more stable phosphorus removal performance in S2EBPR plants than conventional EBPRs, although possible bias might affect the comparison due to other plant-specific factors. The EBPR kinetics and stoichiometry of the S2EBPR facilities seemed to vary and are associated with metabolic versatility of PAOs in S2EBPR systems that warrant further investigation. The abundance of known candidate PAOs in S2EBPR plants was similar to those in conventional EBPRs, and the abundance of known candidate GAOs was generally lower in S2EBPR than conventional EBPR facilities. Further finer-resolution analysis of PAOs and GAOs, as well as identification of other unknown PAOs and GAOs, is needed. Microbial diversity is higher in S2EBPR facilities compared with conventional ones, implying that S2EBPR microbial communities could show better resilience to perturbations due to potential functional redundancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Varun Srinivasan
- Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Nicholas B Tooker
- Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Guangyu Li
- Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dongqi Wang
- Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Charles Bott
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District, Virginia Beach, Virginia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jim McQuarrie
- Denver Metro Wastewater Reclamation District, Denver, Colorado
| | | | - Angela Lambrecht
- Regional District of Central Okanagan, West Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - April Z Gu
- Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
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D'Souza N, Lord AC, Shaw A, Patel A, Balyasnikova S, Tudyka V, Abulafi M, Moran B, Rasheed S, Tekkis P, Coffey JC, Terlizzo M, West NP, Quirke P, Brown G. Ex vivo specimen MRI and pathology confirm a rectosigmoid mesenteric waist at the junction of the mesorectum and mesocolon. Colorectal Dis 2020; 22:212-218. [PMID: 31535423 DOI: 10.1111/codi.14856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Continuity of the mesentery has recently been established and may provide an anatomical basis for optimal colorectal resectional surgery. Preliminary data from operative specimen measurements suggest there is a tapering in the mesentery of the distal sigmoid. A mesenteric waist in this area may be a risk factor for local recurrence of colorectal cancer. This study aimed to investigate the anatomical characteristics of the mesentery at the colorectal junction. METHOD In this cross-sectional study, 20 patients were recruited. After planned colorectal resection, the surgical specimens were scanned in a MRI system and subsequently dissected and photographed as per national pathology guidelines. Mesenteric surface area and linear measurements were compared between MRI and pathology to establish the presence and location of a mesenteric waist. RESULTS Specimen analysis confirmed that a narrowing in the mesenteric surface area was consistently apparent at the rectosigmoid junction. Above the anterior peritoneal reflection, the surface area and posterior distance of the mesentery of the upper rectum initially decreased before increasing as the mesentery of the sigmoid colon. These anatomical properties created the appearance of a mesenteric 'waist' at the rectosigmoid junction. Using the anterior reflection as a reference landmark, the rectosigmoid waist occurred at a mean height of 23.6 and 21.7 mm on MRI and pathology, respectively. CONCLUSION A rectosigmoid waist occurs at the junction of the mesorectum and mesocolon, and is a mesenteric landmark for the rectum that is present on both radiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- N D'Souza
- Croydon University Hospital, Croydon, UK.,Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, UK.,Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A C Lord
- Croydon University Hospital, Croydon, UK.,Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, UK.,Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A Shaw
- Croydon University Hospital, Croydon, UK.,Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, UK.,Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A Patel
- Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, UK
| | - S Balyasnikova
- Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, UK.,Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - M Abulafi
- Croydon University Hospital, Croydon, UK
| | - B Moran
- Basingstoke Hospital, Basingstoke, UK
| | - S Rasheed
- Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, UK.,Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - P Tekkis
- Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, UK.,Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J C Coffey
- University Hospital Limerick and University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | | | - N P West
- Pathology and Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - P Quirke
- Pathology and Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - G Brown
- Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, UK.,Imperial College London, London, UK
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Gregory AJ, Grant MC, Manning MW, Cheung AT, Ender J, Sander M, Zarbock A, Stoppe C, Meineri M, Grocott HP, Ghadimi K, Gutsche JT, Patel PA, Denault A, Shaw A, Fletcher N, Levy JH. Enhanced Recovery After Cardiac Surgery (ERAS Cardiac) Recommendations: An Important First Step-But There Is Much Work to Be Done. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2020; 34:39-47. [PMID: 31570245 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Gregory
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael C Grant
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD; Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety and Quality, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Albert T Cheung
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Joerg Ender
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Herzzentrum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Sander
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, UKGM University Hospital Gießen, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Alexander Zarbock
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Stoppe
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Hilary P Grocott
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine and Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Kamrouz Ghadimi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC; Department of Critical Care, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Jacob T Gutsche
- Division of Cardiac Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Prakash A Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Andre Denault
- Département d'Anesthésiologie et de Médecine de la Douleur, Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec Canada; Division des Soins Intensifs, Département de Chirurgie Cardiaque, Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec Canada; Département de Pharmacologie et de Physiologie, Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec Canada
| | - Andrew Shaw
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nick Fletcher
- Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia and Critical Care, St. Georges University Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Cleveland Clinic London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jerrold H Levy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC; Department of Critical Care, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
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Lawless C, Hatton M, Faivre-Finn C, Pope A, Peedell C, Shaw A, McCartney E, Simoes R. ADSCaN: a randomised phase II study of accelerated, dose escalated, sequential chemo radiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Lung Cancer 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(20)30240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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50
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Velazquez R, Meechoovet B, Ow A, Foley C, Shaw A, Smith B, Oddo S, Hulme C, Dunckley T. Chronic Dyrk1 Inhibition Delays the Onset of AD-Like Pathology in 3xTg-AD Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:8364-8375. [PMID: 31240602 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01684-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
There is a critical need for new treatment approaches that can slow or prevent the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Targets that act simultaneously on multiple relevant pathways could have significant therapeutic potential. Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (Dyrk1a) phosphorylates both amyloid precursor protein (APP) and tau. Dyrk1a is upregulated in post-mortem brains of AD patients, and such elevated expression is associated with cognitive deficits. We previously demonstrated that small molecule inhibition of Dyrk1 is well-tolerated and reduces amyloid plaques and pathological forms of tau in 3xTg-AD mice if administered after formation of these pathologies. However, while insoluble forms of hyperphosphorylated tau were reduced by Dyrk1 inhibition, overt neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) pathology remained unchanged. Herein, we specifically test the hypothesis that inhibition of Dyrk1 prior to NFT formation will delay the onset of pathology. 3xTg-AD mice were treated chronically, beginning at 6 months of age, prior to NFT pathology. Mice were dosed daily for either 3 or 6 months and amyloid and tau pathology were assessed. We show that chronic Dyrk1 inhibition reduces insoluble forms of amyloid beta peptides (Aβ) and hyper-phosphorylated tau long-term and that these reductions are associated with dramatic delay in the onset of both amyloid plaques and NFTs. In addition, we show that DYR219, a potent and selective small molecule Dyrk1 inhibitor, induces degradation of Dyrk1a protein, likely contributing to the efficacy of this small molecule approach in vivo. Collectively, these results suggest that therapeutic strategies targeting tau phosphorylation will show the greatest effect if administered very early in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Velazquez
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - B Meechoovet
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - A Ow
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - C Foley
- Division of Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - A Shaw
- Division of Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - B Smith
- Division of Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - S Oddo
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - C Hulme
- Division of Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Travis Dunckley
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA.
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