1
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Kohl S, Baumann B, Dassie F, Mayer AK, Solaki M, Reuter P, Kühlewein L, Wissinger B, Maffei P. Paternal Uniparental Isodisomy of Chromosome 2 in a Patient with CNGA3-Associated Autosomal Recessive Achromatopsia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7842. [PMID: 34360608 PMCID: PMC8346044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Achromatopsia (ACHM) is a rare autosomal recessively inherited retinal disease characterized by congenital photophobia, nystagmus, low visual acuity, and absence of color vision. ACHM is genetically heterogeneous and can be caused by biallelic mutations in the genes CNGA3, CNGB3, GNAT2, PDE6C, PDE6H, or ATF6. We undertook molecular genetic analysis in a single female patient with a clinical diagnosis of ACHM and identified the homozygous variant c.778G>C;p.(D260H) in the CNGA3 gene. While segregation analysis in the father, as expected, identified the CNGA3 variant in a heterozygous state, it could not be displayed in the mother. Microsatellite marker analysis provided evidence that the homozygosity of the CNGA3 variant is due to partial or complete paternal uniparental isodisomy (UPD) of chromosome 2 in the patient. Apart from the ACHM phenotype, the patient was clinically unsuspicious and healthy. This is one of few examples proving UPD as the underlying mechanism for the clinical manifestation of a recessive mutation in a patient with inherited retinal disease. It also highlights the importance of segregation analysis in both parents of a given patient or especially in cases of homozygous recessive mutations, as UPD has significant implications for genetic counseling with a very low recurrence risk assessment in such families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Kohl
- Centre for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (B.B.); (A.K.M.); (M.S.); (P.R.); (L.K.); (B.W.)
| | - Britta Baumann
- Centre for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (B.B.); (A.K.M.); (M.S.); (P.R.); (L.K.); (B.W.)
| | - Francesca Dassie
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (F.D.); (P.M.)
| | - Anja K. Mayer
- Centre for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (B.B.); (A.K.M.); (M.S.); (P.R.); (L.K.); (B.W.)
| | - Maria Solaki
- Centre for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (B.B.); (A.K.M.); (M.S.); (P.R.); (L.K.); (B.W.)
| | - Peggy Reuter
- Centre for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (B.B.); (A.K.M.); (M.S.); (P.R.); (L.K.); (B.W.)
| | - Laura Kühlewein
- Centre for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (B.B.); (A.K.M.); (M.S.); (P.R.); (L.K.); (B.W.)
- Centre for Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital, University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Wissinger
- Centre for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (B.B.); (A.K.M.); (M.S.); (P.R.); (L.K.); (B.W.)
| | - Pietro Maffei
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (F.D.); (P.M.)
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2
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Mayer AK, Mahajnah M, Thomas MG, Cohen Y, Habib A, Schulze M, Maconachie GDE, AlMoallem B, De Baere E, Lorenz B, Traboulsi EI, Kohl S, Azem A, Bauer P, Gottlob I, Sharkia R, Wissinger B. Homozygous stop mutation in AHR causes autosomal recessive foveal hypoplasia and infantile nystagmus. Brain 2020; 142:1528-1534. [PMID: 31009037 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein we present a consanguineous family with three children affected by foveal hypoplasia with infantile nystagmus, following an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. The patients showed normal electroretinography responses, no signs of albinism, and no anterior segment or brain abnormalities. Upon whole exome sequencing, we identified a homozygous mutation (c.1861C>T;p.Q621*) in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) gene that perfectly co-segregated with the disease in the larger family. AHR is a ligand-activated transcription factor that has been intensively studied in xenobiotic-induced toxicity. Further, it has been shown to play a physiological role under normal cellular conditions, such as in immunity, inflammatory response and neurogenesis. Notably, knockout of the Ahr gene in mouse impairs optic nerve myelin sheath formation and results in oculomotor deficits sharing many features with our patients: the eye movement disorder in Ahr-/- mice appears early in development and presents as conjugate horizontal pendular nystagmus. We therefore propose AHR to be a novel disease gene for a new, recessively inherited disorder in humans, characterized by infantile nystagmus and foveal hypoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja K Mayer
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Muhammad Mahajnah
- Child Neurology and Development Center, Hillel-Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel.,The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mervyn G Thomas
- Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Yuval Cohen
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.,Ophthalmology Department, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | - Adib Habib
- Pediatric Department, St. Vincent French Hospital, Nazareth, Israel
| | - Martin Schulze
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Gail D E Maconachie
- Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Basamat AlMoallem
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Ophthalmology, King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elfride De Baere
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Birgit Lorenz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Kohl
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Abdussalam Azem
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Peter Bauer
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Irene Gottlob
- Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Rajech Sharkia
- The Triangle Regional Research and Development Center, Kfar Qari', Israel.,Beit-Berl Academic College, Beit-Berl, Israel
| | - Bernd Wissinger
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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3
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Schmidt J, Mayer AK, Bakula D, Freude J, Weber JJ, Weiss A, Riess O, Schmidt T. Vulnerability of frontal brain neurons for the toxicity of expanded ataxin-3. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:1463-1473. [PMID: 30576445 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is caused by the expansion of CAG repeats in the ATXN3 gene leading to an elongated polyglutamine tract in the ataxin-3 protein. Previously, we demonstrated that symptoms of SCA3 are reversible in the first conditional mouse model for SCA3 directing ataxin-3 predominantly to the hindbrain. Here, we report on the effects of transgenic ataxin-3 expression in forebrain regions. Employing the Tet-off CamKII-promoter mouse line and our previously published SCA3 responder line, we generated double transgenic mice (CamKII/MJD77), which develop a neurological phenotype characterized by impairment in rotarod performance, and deficits in learning new motor tasks as well as hyperactivity. Ataxin-3 and ubiquitin-positive inclusions are detected in brains of double transgenic CamKII/MJD77 mice. After turning off the expression of pathologically expanded ataxin-3, these inclusions disappear. However, the observed phenotype could not be reversed, very likely due to pronounced apoptotic cell death in the frontal brain. Our data demonstrate that cerebellar expression is not required to induce a neurological phenotype using expanded ATXN3 as well as the pronounced sensibility of forebrain neurons for toxic ataxin-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Schmidt
- SCA3 research group, Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Center for Rare Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,NGS Competence Center, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Anja K Mayer
- SCA3 research group, Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Center for Rare Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,NGS Competence Center, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Daniela Bakula
- SCA3 research group, Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Center for Rare Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,NGS Competence Center, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Freude
- SCA3 research group, Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Center for Rare Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,NGS Competence Center, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jonasz J Weber
- SCA3 research group, Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Center for Rare Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,NGS Competence Center, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Olaf Riess
- SCA3 research group, Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Center for Rare Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,NGS Competence Center, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schmidt
- SCA3 research group, Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Center for Rare Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,NGS Competence Center, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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4
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Mayer AK, Balousha G, Sharkia R, Mahajnah M, Ayesh S, Schulze M, Buchert R, Zobor D, Azem A, Schöls L, Bauer P, Wissinger B. Unraveling the genetic cause of hereditary ophthalmic disorders in Arab societies from Israel and the Palestinian Authority. Eur J Hum Genet 2020; 28:742-753. [PMID: 31896775 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-019-0566-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual impairment due to inherited ophthalmic disorders is amongst the most common disabilities observed in populations practicing consanguineous marriages. Here we investigated the molecular genetic basis of an unselected broad range of ophthalmic disorders in 20 consanguineous families from Arab villages of Israel and the Palestinian Authority. Most patients had little or very poor prior clinical workup and were recruited in a field study. Homozygosity mapping followed by candidate gene sequencing applying conventional Sanger sequencing or targeted next generation sequencing was performed in six families. In the remaining 14 families, one affected subject per family was chosen for whole exome sequencing. We discovered likely disease-causing variants, all homozygous, in 19 of 20 independent families (95%) including a previously reported novel disease gene for congenital nystagmus associated with foveal hypoplasia. Moreover, we found a family in which disease-causing variants for two collagenopathies - Stickler and Knobloch syndrome - segregate within a large sibship. Nine of the 19 distinct variants observed in this study were novel. Our study demonstrated a very high molecular diagnostic yield for a highly diverse spectrum of rare ophthalmic disorders in Arab patients from Israel and the Palestinian Authority, even with very limited prior clinical investigation. We conclude that 'genetic testing first' may be an economic way to direct clinical care and to support proper genetic counseling and risk assessment in these families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja K Mayer
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Tuebingen, Germany.,Praxis fuer Humangenetik Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ghassan Balousha
- Department of Pathology and Histology, Al-Quds University, Eastern Jerusalem, Palestinian Authority, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rajech Sharkia
- The Triangle Regional Research and Development Center, Kfar Qari', Israel.,Beit-Berl Academic College, Beit-Berl, Israel
| | - Muhammad Mahajnah
- Child Neurology and Development Center, Hillel-Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel.,The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Suhail Ayesh
- Molecular Genetic Laboratory, Al-Makassed Islamic Charitable Society Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Martin Schulze
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Praxis fuer Humangenetik Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Rebecca Buchert
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ditta Zobor
- University Eye Hospital, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Abdussalam Azem
- The School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, George S. Wise faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ludger Schöls
- Hertie Institute for Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Peter Bauer
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Wissinger
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Tuebingen, Germany.
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5
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Burkard M, Kohl S, Krätzig T, Tanimoto N, Brennenstuhl C, Bausch AE, Junger K, Reuter P, Sothilingam V, Beck SC, Huber G, Ding XQ, Mayer AK, Baumann B, Weisschuh N, Zobor D, Hahn GA, Kellner U, Venturelli S, Becirovic E, Charbel Issa P, Koenekoop RK, Rudolph G, Heckenlively J, Sieving P, Weleber RG, Hamel C, Zong X, Biel M, Lukowski R, Seeliger MW, Michalakis S, Wissinger B, Ruth P. Accessory heterozygous mutations in cone photoreceptor CNGA3 exacerbate CNG channel-associated retinopathy. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:5663-5675. [PMID: 30418171 PMCID: PMC6264655 DOI: 10.1172/jci96098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in CNGA3 and CNGB3, the genes encoding the subunits of the tetrameric cone photoreceptor cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel, cause achromatopsia, a congenital retinal disorder characterized by loss of cone function. However, a small number of patients carrying the CNGB3/c.1208G>A;p.R403Q mutation present with a variable retinal phenotype ranging from complete and incomplete achromatopsia to moderate cone dysfunction or progressive cone dystrophy. By exploring a large patient cohort and published cases, we identified 16 unrelated individuals who were homozygous or (compound-)heterozygous for the CNGB3/c.1208G>A;p.R403Q mutation. In-depth genetic and clinical analysis revealed a co-occurrence of a mutant CNGA3 allele in a high proportion of these patients (10 of 16), likely contributing to the disease phenotype. To verify these findings, we generated a Cngb3R403Q/R403Q mouse model, which was crossbred with Cnga3-deficient (Cnga3-/-) mice to obtain triallelic Cnga3+/- Cngb3R403Q/R403Q mutants. As in human subjects, there was a striking genotype-phenotype correlation, since the presence of 1 Cnga3-null allele exacerbated the cone dystrophy phenotype in Cngb3R403Q/R403Q mice. These findings strongly suggest a digenic and triallelic inheritance pattern in a subset of patients with achromatopsia/severe cone dystrophy linked to the CNGB3/p.R403Q mutation, with important implications for diagnosis, prognosis, and genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Burkard
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy
- Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology
| | - Susanne Kohl
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, and
| | - Timm Krätzig
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy
| | - Naoyuki Tanimoto
- Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Anne E. Bausch
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy
| | - Katrin Junger
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy
| | - Peggy Reuter
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, and
| | - Vithiyanjali Sothilingam
- Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Susanne C. Beck
- Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gesine Huber
- Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xi-Qin Ding
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Anja K. Mayer
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, and
| | - Britta Baumann
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, and
| | - Nicole Weisschuh
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, and
| | - Ditta Zobor
- Institute of Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gesa-Astrid Hahn
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, and
| | - Ulrich Kellner
- Rare Retinal Disease Center, Augenzentrum Siegburg, MVZ ADTC Siegburg GmbH, Siegburg, Germany
| | | | - Elvir Becirovic
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich CiPSM and Department of Pharmacy–Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Charbel Issa
- Oxford Eye Hospital, OUH NHS Foundation Trust and the Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Robert K. Koenekoop
- McGill Ocular Genetics Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Paul Sieving
- The National Eye Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard G. Weleber
- Casey Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmogenetics, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Christian Hamel
- INSERM U583, Institut des Neurosciences, Montpellier, France
| | - Xiangang Zong
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich CiPSM and Department of Pharmacy–Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Biel
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich CiPSM and Department of Pharmacy–Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Lukowski
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy
| | - Matthias W. Seeliger
- Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stylianos Michalakis
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich CiPSM and Department of Pharmacy–Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernd Wissinger
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, and
| | - Peter Ruth
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy
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6
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Van Schil K, Naessens S, Van de Sompele S, Carron M, Aslanidis A, Van Cauwenbergh C, Mayer AK, Van Heetvelde M, Bauwens M, Verdin H, Coppieters F, Greenberg ME, Yang MG, Karlstetter M, Langmann T, De Preter K, Kohl S, Cherry TJ, Leroy BP, De Baere E. Correction: Mapping the genomic landscape of inherited retinal disease genes prioritizes genes prone to coding and noncoding copy-number variations. Genet Med 2018; 21:1998. [PMID: 30297699 PMCID: PMC7609298 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-018-0305-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kristof Van Schil
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah Naessens
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn Van de Sompele
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marjolein Carron
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alexander Aslanidis
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Anja K Mayer
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mattias Van Heetvelde
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Miriam Bauwens
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hannah Verdin
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frauke Coppieters
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michael E Greenberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marty G Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marcus Karlstetter
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Langmann
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Katleen De Preter
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Susanne Kohl
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Timothy J Cherry
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Bart P Leroy
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Ophthalmology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Division of Ophthalmology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Elfride De Baere
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
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7
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Mayer AK, Van Cauwenbergh C, Rother C, Baumann B, Reuter P, De Baere E, Wissinger B, Kohl S. CNGB3 mutation spectrum including copy number variations in 552 achromatopsia patients. Hum Mutat 2017; 38:1579-1591. [PMID: 28795510 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Achromatopsia is a rare autosomal recessive cone disorder characterized by color vision defects, photophobia, nystagmus, and severely reduced visual acuity. The disease is caused by mutations in genes encoding crucial components of the cone phototransduction cascade (CNGA3, CNGB3, GNAT2, PDE6C, and PDE6H) or in ATF6, involved in the unfolded protein response. CNGB3 encoding the beta subunit of the cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel in cone photoreceptors is the major achromatopsia gene. Here, we present a comprehensive spectrum of CNGB3 mutations and their prevalence in a cohort of 1074 independent families clinically diagnosed with achromatopsia. Of these, 485 (45.2%) carried mutations in CNGB3. We identified a total of 98 different potentially disease-causing CNGB3 variants, 58 of which are novel. About 10% of patients with CNGB3 mutations only harbored a single heterozygous variant. Therefore, we performed quantitative real-time PCR in 43 of such single heterozygotes in search of the missing allele, followed by microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization and breakpoint mapping. We discovered nine different heterozygous copy number variations encompassing one to 10 consecutive exons in 16 unrelated patients. Moreover, one additional patient with a homozygous CNGB3 deletion encompassing exons 4-18 was identified, highlighting the importance of CNV analysis for this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja K Mayer
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Caroline Van Cauwenbergh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christine Rother
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Britta Baumann
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Peggy Reuter
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Elfride De Baere
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bernd Wissinger
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Kohl
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Tuebingen, Germany
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Stingl K, Mayer AK, Llavona P, Mulahasanovic L, Rudolph G, Jacobson SG, Zrenner E, Kohl S, Wissinger B, Weisschuh N. CDHR1 mutations in retinal dystrophies. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6992. [PMID: 28765526 PMCID: PMC5539332 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07117-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We report ophthalmic and genetic findings in patients with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (RP), cone-rod dystrophy (CRD) or cone dystrophy (CD) harboring potential pathogenic variants in the CDHR1 gene. Detailed ophthalmic examination was performed in seven sporadic and six familial subjects. Mutation screening was done using a customized next generation sequencing panel targeting 105 genes implicated in inherited retinal disorders. In one family, homozygosity mapping with subsequent candidate gene analysis was performed. Stringent filtering for rare and potentially disease causing variants following a model of autosomal recessive inheritance led to the identification of eleven different CDHR1 variants in nine index cases. All variants were novel at the time of their identification. In silico analyses confirmed their pathogenic potential. Minigene assays were performed for two non-canonical splice site variants and revealed missplicing for the mutant alleles. Mutations in CDHR1 are a rare cause of retinal dystrophy. Our study further expands the mutational spectrum of this gene and the associated clinical presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Stingl
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Anja K Mayer
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Pablo Llavona
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Günther Rudolph
- University Eye Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Samuel G Jacobson
- Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eberhart Zrenner
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Kohl
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Wissinger
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Nicole Weisschuh
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
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Weisschuh N, Mayer AK, Strom TM, Kohl S, Glöckle N, Schubach M, Andreasson S, Bernd A, Birch DG, Hamel CP, Heckenlively JR, Jacobson SG, Kamme C, Kellner U, Kunstmann E, Maffei P, Reiff CM, Rohrschneider K, Rosenberg T, Rudolph G, Vámos R, Varsányi B, Weleber RG, Wissinger B. Mutation Detection in Patients with Retinal Dystrophies Using Targeted Next Generation Sequencing. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0145951. [PMID: 26766544 PMCID: PMC4713063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal dystrophies (RD) constitute a group of blinding diseases that are characterized by clinical variability and pronounced genetic heterogeneity. The different nonsyndromic and syndromic forms of RD can be attributed to mutations in more than 200 genes. Consequently, next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies are among the most promising approaches to identify mutations in RD. We screened a large cohort of patients comprising 89 independent cases and families with various subforms of RD applying different NGS platforms. While mutation screening in 50 cases was performed using a RD gene capture panel, 47 cases were analyzed using whole exome sequencing. One family was analyzed using whole genome sequencing. A detection rate of 61% was achieved including mutations in 34 known and two novel RD genes. A total of 69 distinct mutations were identified, including 39 novel mutations. Notably, genetic findings in several families were not consistent with the initial clinical diagnosis. Clinical reassessment resulted in refinement of the clinical diagnosis in some of these families and confirmed the broad clinical spectrum associated with mutations in RD genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Weisschuh
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Anja K. Mayer
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tim M. Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Kohl
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Max Schubach
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité – Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Antje Bernd
- University Eye Hospital, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - David G. Birch
- The Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | | | - John R. Heckenlively
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Samuel G. Jacobson
- Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | - Ulrich Kellner
- Rare Retinal Disease Center, AugenZentrum Siegburg, MVZ ADTC Siegburg GmbH, Siegburg, Germany
| | - Erdmute Kunstmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius-Maximilian-University, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Pietro Maffei
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | - Thomas Rosenberg
- National Eye Clinic, Department of Ophthalmology, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Günther Rudolph
- University Eye Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Rita Vámos
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Varsányi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Richard G. Weleber
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Retinal Degeneration Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Bernd Wissinger
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Mayer AK, Rohrschneider K, Strom TM, Glöckle N, Kohl S, Wissinger B, Weisschuh N. Homozygosity mapping and whole-genome sequencing reveals a deep intronic PROM1 mutation causing cone-rod dystrophy by pseudoexon activation. Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 24:459-62. [PMID: 26153215 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Several genes have been implicated in the autosomal recessive form of cone-rod dystrophy (CRD), but the majority of cases remain unsolved. We identified a homozygous interval comprising two known genes associated with the autosomal recessive form of CRD, namely RAB28 and PROM1, in a consanguineous family with clinical evidence of CRD. Both genes proved to be mutation negative upon sequencing of exons and canonical splice sites but whole-genome sequencing revealed a private variant located deep in intron 18 of PROM1. In silico and functional analyses of this variant using minigenes as splicing reporters revealed the integration of a pseudoexon in the mutant transcript, thereby leading to a premature termination codon and presumably resulting in a functional null allele. This is the first report of a deep intronic variant that acts as a splicing mutation in PROM1. The detection of such variants escapes the exon-focused techniques typically used in genetic analyses. Sequencing the entire genomic regions of known disease genes might identify more causal mutations in the autosomal recessive form of CRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja K Mayer
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Tim M Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Kohl
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Wissinger
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Nicole Weisschuh
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Treitl M, Ruppert V, Mayer AK, Degenhart C, Reiser M, Rieger J. [Chronic critical ischemia of the lower leg: pretherapeutic imaging and methods for revascularization]. Radiologe 2007; 46:962-72. [PMID: 17021909 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-006-1423-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Each year 1-2% of patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (pAOD) develop critical limb ischemia (CLI), characterized by rest pain and peripheral ulcer or gangrene. This aggravation of the disease is accompanied by an increase of the 1-year mortality rate up to 25% and a similarly increased frequency of major amputation. We can choose between conservative, endovascular, and surgical procedures for an adequate therapy of the underlying vascular stenoses or occlusions. Yet, clear therapeutic recommendations only exist for suprapopliteal lesions. However, in a number of cases, especially in diabetics, target lesions have an infrapopliteal location. Since endovascular procedures have undergone significant improvement in the last few years, the following review discusses methods for infrapopliteal revascularization taking into consideration the newest publications on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Treitl
- Institut für Klinische Radiologie, Innenstadt-Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Pettenkoferstrasse 8a, 80336 Munich, Germany.
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Mayer AK, Muehmer M, Mages J, Gueinzius K, Hess C, Heeg K, Bals R, Lang R, Dalpke AH. Differential recognition of TLR-dependent microbial ligands in human bronchial epithelial cells. J Immunol 2007; 178:3134-42. [PMID: 17312161 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.5.3134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Bronchial epithelial cells represent the first line of defense against invading airborne pathogens. They are important contributors to innate mucosal immunity and provide a variety of antimicrobial effectors. However, mucosal surfaces are prone to contact with pathogenic, as well as nonpathogenic microbes, and therefore, immune recognition principles have to be tightly controlled to avoid uncontrolled permanent activation. TLRs have been shown to recognize conserved microbial patterns and to mediate inducible activation of innate immunity. Our experiments demonstrate that bronchial epithelial cells express functional TLR1-6 and TLR9 and thus make use of a common principle of professional innate immune cells. Although it was observed that TLR2 ligands dependent on heterodimeric signaling either with TLR1 or TLR6 were functional, other ligands like lipoteichoic acid were not. Additionally, it was found that bronchial epithelial cells could be stimulated only marginally by Gram-positive bacteria bearing known TLR2 ligands while Gram-negative bacteria were easily recognized. This correlated with low expression of TLR2 and the missing expression of the coreceptor CD36. Transgenic expression of both receptors restored responsiveness to the complete set of TLR2 ligands and Staphylococcus aureus. Additional gene-array experiments confirmed hyporesponsiveness to this bacterium while Pseudomonas aeruginosa and respiratory syncytial virus induced common, as well as pathogen-specific, sets of genes. The findings indicate that bronchial epithelium regulates its sensitivity to recognize microbes by managing receptor expression levels. This could serve the special needs of controlled microbial recognition in mucosal compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja K Mayer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, Heidelberg, Germany
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Abstract
We describe the generation of transgenic mouse lines expressing Cre recombinase in epithelial cells of the lactating mammary gland. As an expression vector, we used a P1-derived bacterial artificial chromosome (PAC) which harbors the gene for the secretory milk protein, whey acidic protein (Wap). Using homologous recombination in E. coli, the PAC was modified to carry the improved coding sequence of Cre recombinase (iCre). Transgenic lines carrying the WAPiCre PAC express Cre recombinase efficiently in the majority of mammary epithelial cells upon lactation. Of only four transgenic lines produced, three express Cre recombinase to a high efficiency. LoxP-flanked DNA sequences are recombined in virtually all epithelial cells of WAPiCre transgenic mice at lactation day 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim M Wintermantel
- Division Molecular Biology of the Cell I, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
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Mayer AK. 'A combative sense of duty': Englishness and the scientists. Clio Med 2001; 60:67-106. [PMID: 11142152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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Lawrence C, Mayer AK. Regenerating England: an introduction. Clio Med 2001; 60:1-23. [PMID: 11142142 DOI: 10.1163/9789004333345_001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
Traditionally the domain of scientists, the history of science became an independent field of inquiry in the twentieth century and mostly after the Second World War. This process of emancipation was accompanied by a historiographical departure from previous, 'scientistic' practices, a transformation often attributed to influences from sociology, philosophy and history. Similarly, the liberal humanists who controlled the Cambridge History of Science Committee after 1945 emphasized that their contribution lay in the special expertise they, as trained historians, brought to the venture. However, the scientists who had founded the Committee in the 1930s had already advocated a sophisticated contextual approach: innovation in the history of science thus clearly came also from within the ranks of scientists who practiced in the field. Moreover, unlike their scientist predecessors on the Cambridge Committee, the liberal humanists supported a positivistic protocol that has since been criticized for its failure to properly contextualize early modern science. Lastly, while celebrating the rise of modern science as an international achievement, the liberal humanists also emphasized the peculiar Englishness of the phenomenon, In this respect, too, their outlook had much in common with the practices from which they attempted to distance their project.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Mayer
- Department of History and Philosophy of Science, University of Cambridge, UK.
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Mayer AK. Moralizing science: the uses of science's past in national education in the 1920s. Br J Hist Sci 1997; 30:51-70. [PMID: 11618884 DOI: 10.1017/s0007087496002890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The present interest of Englishmen in education is partly due to
the fact that they are impressed
by German thoroughness. Now let there be no mistake. The war has shown
the effectiveness of
German education in certain departments of life, but it has shown not
only its ineffectiveness, but
its grotesque absurdity in regard to other departments of life, and
those the departments which
are, even in a political sense, the most important. In the organization
of material resources
Germany has won well-merited admiration, but in regard to moral
conduct, and in regard to all
that art of dealing with other men and other nations which is
closely allied to moral conduct, she
has won for herself the horror of the civilized world. If you
take the whole result, and ask whether
we prefer German or English education, I at any rate should not
hesitate in my reply.Thus William Temple, future archbishop, addressing the Educational
Section at the 1916
meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in
Newcastle. Temple's
statement introduced his contribution to the ‘neglect-of-science’
debate, a public dispute
over the place of science in English secondary education.
Originally, the debate had been
started by prominent scientists convinced that England's
military and industrial fortunes
were suffering as a result of the country's continuing
scientific illiteracy. The contrasts
Temple drew between ‘us’ and ‘them’,
between England and Germany, between ‘conduct’
and ‘efficiency’, cropped up throughout the debate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Mayer
- Department for the History and Philosophy of Science, University of Cambridge
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