Endodontic management of an aberrant germinated composite odontome: A case report

To describe the endodontic treatment of a germinated composite odontome with atypical internal anatomy. A 35-year-old male presented with pain in the left mandibular second molar region. Intraoral examination and Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) revealed a rare case of a germinated composite odontome with a 3-2-1 Vertucci configuration in the mesial root. Occlusal morphology and mesial root configuration required modifications in methods of isolation and access cavity preparation. Contemporary tools like magnification, ultrasonics and controlled memory rotary files were essential for executing the treatment plan. The tooth was functional at 18 months follow up and radiographs revealed no abnormality.

An Illustrative Review of the Pathomechanisms of Symptomatic Developmental Venous Anomalies

OBJECTIVE

Symptomatic developmental venous anomalies (DVAs) are rare. Here, we illustrate the varied clinicoradiologic profiles of symptomatic DVAs and contemplate the mechanisms that render these (allegedly) benign entities symptomatic supported by a review of literature.

METHODS

Institutional databases were searched to identify cases of symptomatic DVAs. Clinical and imaging (angiographic and cross-sectional) data of 9 cases with 11 neurovascular symptoms consequent to inflow/outflow perturbations and mechanical obstruction that manifested because of the strategic topography of underlying DVAs were analyzed. A review of the existing literature on DVAs in agreement with our case series was performed on publications retrieved from the PubMed database.

RESULTS

Symptoms secondary to venous hypertension arising from flow-related perturbations were broadly divided into those arising from restricted outflow and increased inflow. Restricted outflow occurred because of collector vein stenosis (n = 2) and collector vein/DVA thrombosis (n = 3), whereas the latter pathomechanism was initiated by arterialized/transitional DVAs (n = 2). A mechanical/obstructive pathomechanism culminating in moderate supratentorial ventriculomegaly was noted in 1 case. One patient was given a diagnosis of hemorrhage associated with a cavernoma.

CONCLUSIONS

Awareness and contextualization of potential flow-related perturbations and mechanical insults that render DVAs symptomatic aid in accurate diagnosis, management, and prognostication.

Prospective Comparative Study of Quality of Life in Bladder Cancer Patients Undergoing Cystectomy or Bladder Preservation

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

Health-related Quality of life (HRQOL) may be decisive when different treatments yield comparable survival outcomes. We compared QOL in patients undergoing radical cystectomy with ileal conduit (RCIC) or bladder preservation (BP) with (chemo)radiotherapy for bladder cancer.

MATERIALS/METHODS

Patients with histological diagnosis of bladder cancer, stage T1-T4, N0-N1, M0 with a minimum follow-up of 6 months from the last treatment intervention (RCIC or BP) and alive without disease at the time of QOL assessment were eligible for inclusion. After ethics committee approval, two HRQOL instruments were translated, validated and administered: Bladder cancer index (BCI) for bladder cancer-specific HRQOL, which includes 36 items under three domains - bladder, bowel and sexual function and the EORTC QLQ C30 which includes 30 items under three domains - functional, symptom and global health. The mean QOL scores across various domains and specific questions were compared between the two treatment groups using the independent t-test.

RESULTS

Of the 104 patients enrolled, 56 had RCIC, and 48 received BP, and included 95 (91.3%) males. The median time from treatment completion to QOL assessment was 22 months (IQR 10-56). The median age for the entire cohort was 62 years (IQR 55-68), 65.5 years (IQR 55-71) in BP and 59.5 years (IQR 55-66) in RCIC. Overall, mean BCI urinary scores and bowel scores were high in both groups, with no significant difference in function or bother subdomains between the two groups (Table 1). Overall, BCI sexual scores were low in both the groups but significantly better after BP (BPmean 56.9, RCICmean 41.5, p = 0.01). Mean scores for sexual function BPmean 38.4 and RCIC mean 25 p (0.07) and sexual bother BPmean 81 RCICmean 62 (p 0.02) subdomains. There was no significant difference in EORTC QOL outcomes in functional (BPmean 91.4, RCICmean 88.7 p 0.23), symptom (BPmean 89.8, RCICmean 89, p = 0.68) and global health scale (BPmean 76.8, RCICmean 78.5, p = 0.69) in both groups. On question-wise assessment, the ability to perform an exercise (BPmean 94.2, RCICmean 85, p = 0.06) and urinary leakage at night time (BPmean 91.7, RCICmean 77.6, p = 0.01) were better in the BP group, while scores for blood in the urine (BPmean 89.1, RCICmean 97, p = 0.05) were better in the RCIC group compared to BP.

CONCLUSION

Overall, QOL was good in both groups in the urinary and bowel domains while it was low in the sexual domain. However, bladder preservation performed significantly better in the sexual domain than RCIC.

SARS-CoV-2 infection induces epigenetic changes in the LTR69 subfamily of endogenous retroviruses

Accumulating evidence suggests that endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) play an important role in the host response to infection and the development of disease. By analyzing ChIP-sequencing data sets, we show that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces H3K27 acetylation of several loci within the LTR69 subfamily of ERVs. Using functional assays, we identified one SARS-CoV-2-activated LTR69 locus, termed Dup69, which exhibits regulatory activity and is responsive to the transcription factors IRF3 and p65/RELA. LTR69_Dup69 is located about 500 bp upstream of a long non-coding RNA gene (ENSG00000289418) and within the PTPRN2 gene encoding a diabetes-associated autoantigen. Both ENSG00000289418 and PTPRN2 showed a significant increase in expression upon SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, our study sheds light on the interplay of exogenous with endogenous viruses and helps to understand how ERVs regulate gene expression during infection.

Study Protocol of the Bladder Adjuvant RadioTherapy (BART) Trial: A Randomised Phase III Trial of Adjuvant Radiotherapy Following Cystectomy in Bladder Cancer

AIMS

To assess the efficacy and safety of adjuvant radiotherapy in patients with high-risk muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) following radical cystectomy (RC) and chemotherapy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The BART (Bladder Adjuvant RadioTherapy) trial is an ongoing multicentric, randomised, phase III trial comparing the efficacy and safety of adjuvant radiotherapy versus observation in patients with high-risk MIBC. The key eligibility criteria include ≥pT3, node-positive (pN+), positive margins and/or nodal yield <10, or, neoadjuvant chemotherapy for cT3/T4/N+ disease. In total, 153 patients will be accrued and randomised, in a 1:1 ratio, to either observation (standard arm) or adjuvant radiotherapy (test arm) following surgery and chemotherapy. Stratification parameters include nodal status (N+ versus N0) and chemotherapy (neoadjuvant chemotherapy versus adjuvant chemotherapy versus no chemotherapy). For patients in the test arm, adjuvant radiotherapy to cystectomy bed and pelvic nodes is planned with intensity-modulated radiotherapy to a dose of 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions using daily image guidance. All patients will follow-up with 3-monthly clinical review and urine cytology for 2 years and subsequently 6 monthly until 5 years, with contrast-enhanced computed tomography abdomen pelvis 6 monthly for 2 years and annually until 5 years. Physician-scored toxicity using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0 and patient-reported quality of life using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Colorectal questionnaire is recorded pre-treatment and at follow-up.

ENDPOINTS AND STATISTICS

The primary endpoint is 2-year locoregional recurrence-free survival. The sample size calculation was based on the estimated improvement in 2-year locoregional recurrence-free survival from 70% in the standard arm to 85% in the test arm (hazard ratio 0.45) using 80% statistical power and a two-sided alpha error of 0.05. Secondary endpoints include disease-free survival, overall survival, acute and late toxicity, patterns of failure and quality of life.

CONCLUSION

The BART trial aims to evaluate whether contemporary radiotherapy after standard-of-care surgery and chemotherapy reduces pelvic recurrences safely and also potentially affects survival in high-risk MIBC.

Utility of 3D T1-weighted turbo spin echo black blood sequence for the diagnosis of cerebral venous thrombosis

PURPOSE

Accurate assessment of dural sinus, deep and cortical venous thrombosis on MR imaging is challenging. The aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of 3D-T1 turbo spin echo (T1S), sequences in detecting venous thrombosis and comparing it with susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), magnetic resonance venography (MRV) and post contrast T1 magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo (T1C).

METHODS

A blinded retrospective observational analysis of 71 consecutive patients evaluated for cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) and 30 control patients was performed. Multimodality reference standard adopted included T1C, SWI with MRV. Sub-analyses in superficial, deep and cortical venous segments were performed in addition to correlation of signal intensity of thrombus with the clinical stage.

RESULTS

A total of 2222 segments in 101 complete MRI examinations were evaluated. Sensitivity/specificity/positive predictive value/negative predictive value/accuracy and precision of T1S for detection of cortical vein thrombosis was 0.994/1/1/0.967/0.995/1, 1/0.874/0.949/1/0.963/0.950 for detection of superficial venous sinus thrombosis and 1/1/1/1/1/1 for deep venous thrombosis. The AUC yield for T1S was 0.997 for cortical, 1 for deep and 0.988 for superficial venous segments.

CONCLUSION

T1S paralleled the accuracy of conventional sequences in the overall detection of CVT but showed superior accuracy in the detection of cortical venous thrombosis. It makes a fitting addition to the CVT MRI protocol in scenarios demanding negation of gadolinium administration.

Prolonged voluntary wheel running reveals unique adaptations in mdx mice treated with microdystrophin constructs ± the nNOS-binding site

We tested the effects of prolonged voluntary wheel running on the muscle function of mdx mice treated with one of two different microdystrophin constructs. At 7 weeks of age mdx mice were injected with a single dose of AAV9-CK8-microdystrophin with (gene therapy 1, GT1) or without (gene therapy 2, GT2) the nNOS-binding domain and were assigned to one of four gene therapy treated groups: mdxRGT1 (run, GT1), mdxGT1 (no run, GT1), or mdxRGT2 (run,GT2), mdxGT2 (no run, GT2). There were two mdx untreated groups injected with excipient: mdxR (run, no gene therapy) and mdx (no run, no gene therapy). A third no treatment group, Wildtype (WT) received no injection and did not run. mdxRGT1, mdxRGT2 and mdxR performed voluntary wheel running for 52 weeks; WT and remaining mdx groups were cage active. Robust expression of microdystrophin occurred in diaphragm, quadriceps, and heart muscles of all treated mice. Dystrophic muscle pathology was high in diaphragms of non-treated mdx and mdxR mice and improved in all treated groups. Endurance capacity was rescued by both voluntary wheel running and gene therapy alone, but their combination was most beneficial. All treated groups increased in vivo plantarflexor torque over both mdx and mdxR mice. mdx and mdxR mice displayed ∼3-fold lower diaphragm force and power compared to WT values. Treated groups demonstrated partial improvements in diaphragm force and power, with mdxRGT2 mice experiencing the greatest improvement at ∼60% of WT values. Evaluation of oxidative red quadriceps fibers revealed the greatest improvements in mitochondrial respiration in mdxRGT1 mice, reaching WT levels. Interestingly, mdxGT2 mice displayed diaphragm mitochondrial respiration values similar to WT but mdxRGT2 animals showed relative decreases compared to the no run group. Collectively, these data demonstrate that either microdystrophin construct combined with voluntary wheel running increased in vivo maximal muscle strength, power, and endurance. However, these data also highlighted important differences between the two microdystrophin constructs. GT1, with the nNOS-binding site, improved more markers of exercise-driven adaptations in metabolic enzyme activity of limb muscles, while GT2, without the nNOS-binding site, demonstrated greater protection of diaphragm strength after chronic voluntary endurance exercise but decreased mitochondrial respiration in the context of running.

Genotypic capacity of post-anthesis stem reserve mobilization in wheat for yield sustainability under drought and heat stress in the subtropical region

Wheat productivity is severely affected by drought and heat stress conditions worldwide. Currently, stem reserve mobilization (SRM) is receiving increased attention as a trait that can sustain wheat yields under adverse environments. However, the significance of SRM in sustaining wheat yields under drought and heat stress conditions remains uncertain in the tropical climate of Indo-Gangetic Plain region. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate genotypic variations in SRM in wheat and their influence on yield sustainability under drought and heat stress environments. The experiment was designed in an alpha-lattice layout, accommodating 43 genotypes under four simulated environments [timely sown and well irrigated (non-stress); timely sown and water-deficit/drought stress; late-sown and well-irrigated crop facing terminally high temperature; and late-sown and water-deficit stress (both water-deficit and heat stress)]. The water-deficit stress significantly increased SRM (16%-68%, p < 0.01) compared to the non-stress environment, while the heat stress conditions reduced SRM (12%-18%). Both SRM and stem reserve mobilization efficiency exhibited positive correlations with grain weight (grain weight spike^-1) under all three different stress treatments (p < 0.05). Strong positive correlations between stem weight (at 12 days after anthesis) and grain weight were observed across the environments (p < 0.001); however, a significant positive correlation between stem weight and SRM was observed only with stress treatments. Results revealed that the SRM trait could effectively alleviate the impacts of water-deficit stress on yields. However, the SRM-mediated yield protection was uncertain under heat stress and combined water-deficit and heat stress treatments, possibly due to sink inefficiencies caused by high temperature during the reproductive period. Defoliated plants exhibited higher SRM than non-defoliated plants, with the highest increment observed in the non-stress treatment compared to all the stress treatments. Results revealed that wider genetic variability exists for the SRM trait, which could be used to improve wheat yield under drought stress conditions.

Characterizing the metabolomic signature of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in twins

Emerging evidence implicate the gut microbiota as a potential susceptibility factor in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a common multifactorial neurodevelopmental condition. However, little is known about the biochemical signature of ADHD, including the metabolic contribution of the microbiota via the gut-brain axis, and the relative contribution of genetics and environmental factors. Here, we perform unbiased metabolomic profiling of urine and fecal samples collected from a well-characterized Swedish twin cohort enriched for ADHD (33 ADHD, 79 non-ADHD), using ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Our results highlight sex-specific patterns in the metabolic phenotype of individuals with ADHD. Specifically, the urine profile of males, but not females, with ADHD was characterized by greater excretion of hippurate, a product of microbial-host co-metabolism that can cross the blood-brain-barrier with bioactivity of potential relevance to ADHD. This trans-genomic metabolite was also negatively correlated with IQ in males and was significantly correlated with fecal metabolites associated with gut microbial metabolism. The fecal profile of ADHD individuals was characterized by increased excretion of stearoyl-linoleoyl-glycerol, 3,7-dimethylurate, and FAD and lower amounts of glycerol 3-phosphate, thymine, 2(¹H)-quinolinone, aspartate, xanthine, hypoxanthine, and orotate. These changes were independent of ADHD medication, age, and BMI. Furthermore, our specific twins' models revealed that many of these gut metabolites had a stronger genetic influence than environmental. These findings suggest that metabolic disturbances in ADHD, involving combined gut microbial and host metabolic processes, may largely derive from gene variants previously linked to behavioral symptoms in this disorder.

Proton beam radiotherapy for choroidal and ciliary body melanoma in the UK-national audit of referral patterns of 1084 cases

INTRODUCTION

Proton beam therapy has been utilised for the treatment of uveal melanoma in the UK for over 30 years, undertaken under a single centre. In the UK, all ocular tumours are treated at one of four centres. We aimed to understand the variation in referral patterns to the UK proton service, capturing all uveal melanoma patients treated with this modality.

METHODS

Retrospective analysis of data regarding all patients treated at the Clatterbridge Proton service between January 2004 and December 2014.

RESULTS

A total of 1084 patients with uveal melanoma were treated. The mean age was 57 years (range 9-90 years), basal diameter of 11.5 mm (range 2.0-23.4 mm) and tumour thickness of 3.9 mm (range 0.1-15.4 mm). The majority were TNM stage I (39%) or II (36%). The distance to the optic nerve varied from 0 to 24.5 mm with 148 (14%) of patients having ciliary body involvement. There were variations in the phenotypic characteristic of the tumours treated with protons from different centres, with London referring predominantly small tumours at the posterior pole, Glasgow referring large tumours often at the ciliary body and Liverpool sending a mix of these groups.

DISCUSSION

In the UK, common indications for the use of proton treatment in uveal melanoma include small tumours in the posterior pole poorly accessible for plaque treatment (adjacent to the disc), tumours at the posterior pole affecting the fovea and large anterior tumours traditionally too large for brachytherapy. This is the first UK-wide audit enabling the capture of all patients treated at the single proton centre.

P-138 PREDICTORS OF COMPLICATIONS IN COMPLEX VENTRAL HERNIA REPAIR USING POSTERIOR COMPONENT SEPARATION TECHNIQUE WITH RETRO RECTUS MESH PLACEMENT – AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

Introduction

Incisional Hernia has an incidence ranging from 2–20%. Large and complex incisional hernias are difficult to treat with standard procedures. PCS-TAR is a relatively novel procedure. There persists a gap in knowledge regarding its outcomes, especially in the Indian population.

Aims & Objective

To identify the pre-operative clinical and radiological factors that predict the risk of re-herniation and wound and mesh-related complications after CVH (Complex Ventral Hernia)

Methodology

In a prospective observational study, patients undergoing open PCS-TAR with retro rectus mesh for Complex Ventral Hernia repair included in the study. The patient demographics, hernia characteristics, radiological details, operative data, post- operative outcomes, and follow-up data were entered in a pre-designed proforma. Data were analyzed with SPSS softwere.

Results

35 patients with CVH were included, of which 30 (85%) women and 5 men. The mean age was 51.8 years and the mean BMI was 29.7 kg/m2. The mean size of defect was 12 cm. 83% hernia were midline primary and 255 were recurrent hernias. We observed zero recurrences at six months of follow-up, but a high wound morbidity rate of up to 49%, of which most common was seroma formation. 23% of patients developed SSI.

Conclusion

In conclusion, PCS-TAR is a promising novel procedure for complex ventral hernias not amenable to primary closure using the traditional retro rectus approach, with excellent short term outcomes. Wound morbidity is a significant concern with this procedure, which can be prevented or reduced by thorough pre-operative optimization on a case-to-case basis.

O085 CD10 expression in carcinomas of the pancreas, bile duct and ampulla

Introduction

Pancreatic cancer and cholangiocarcinoma including, cancer of ampulla of Vater, are very aggressive and have a dismal prognosis; hence improved methods of patient stratification are required.

Methods

We assessed the expression of CD10 in stromal and epithelial cells of two patient cohorts using immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays. The first cohort was composed of 68 pancreatic adenocarcinomas and the second cohort was composed of 120 cancers of the bile duct and ampulla.

Results

In bile duct and ampullary carcinomas an association was observed between CD10 stromal expression and patient age (p =0.009). The CD10 stromal expression was associated with poor disease specific survival (DSS) (p =0.05). In multivariate Cox model for DSS, stromal CD10 expression (p = 0.037) was independently associated with poor outcome. In multivariate Cox model for disease free survival (DFS), CD10 stromal expression (p = 0.012), and nodal status (p = 0.025) were independently associated with poor outcome. In pancreatic cancer, no statistically significant association was observed between CD 10 stromal expression and clinicopathological variables such as tumour size (p = 0.099), T stage (p = 0.393), N stage (p = 0.860), Vascular invasion (p = 0.904), perineural invasion (p = 0.532) and grade (0.168). In multivariate Cox model for DSS, T stage (p = 0.042) was independently associated with poor outcome.

Conclusion

The results suggest that CD10 stromal expression may have prognostic significance in cholangiocarcinoma. The findings of this study warrant a larger follow-up study.

Take-home message

The results suggest that CD10 stromal expression may have prognostic significance in cholangiocarcinoma. The findings of this study warrant a larger follow-up study.

Population Impact of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages on Dental Caries and Overweight/Obesity in Australian Children

KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT

The reported findings greatly consolidated evidence of detrimental effects of sugars intake on child oral health and overweight and obesity, some of the most prevalent chronic conditions in children. Evidence on population impact of sugars intake is directly informative to policy makers and the public about the potential impact of population-based programs targeting sugars intake to prevent dental caries and overweight and obesity.

60 Neoadjuvant Imatinib Mesylate – an Ace of Spaces for Surgical Management of an Oesophago-Gastric Junction Gastro-Intestinal Stromal Tumour

Introduction

Oesophageal gastro-intestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are rare, accounting for less than five percent of all GIST, with the majority of these occurring at the oesophago-gastric junction (OGJ). Due to the anatomical location and size of these tumours at presentation, surgical resection is often a major undertaking.

Neoadjuvant treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as Imatinib mesylate, have the potential to downstage such tumours, thereby limiting the extent of subsequent surgical resection. This may therefore reduce any potentially associated morbidity and mortality.

Case Description

We report the case of a 75-year-old gentleman who presented with a large OGJ GIST, which presented with dysphagia. The tumour was deemed too large for local excision due to the risk of compromising the lumen at the OGJ in attempting to obtain a clear resection margin. Given the patient’s co-morbidity, oesophagectomy or total gastrectomy was deemed too major an undertaking. Therefore, endoscopic biopsies were obtained with a view to possible neoadjuvant therapy. These confirmed DOG-1 and Exon-11 mutations, suggesting sensitivity to Imatinib mesylate. A standard dose regime of 400mg daily for a planned 36-month course was commenced. Subsequent imaging showed a substantial decrease in tumour bulk and the decision was made to perform a local excision. A local enucleation procedure was performed, and the patient made a sound recovery.

Post-operative histology of resected tumour showed almost complete tumour regression.

Discussion

This significant response to neoadjuvant Imatinib mesylate therapy demonstrates clear potential for its use in similar cases, where radical resection would cause significant morbidity and risk mortality.

Cyclic and spontaneous movement of a fractured and extruded instrument back into the root canal: A rare case report

Retreatment of endodontically involved teeth may require the removal of obstruction from root canal space. Instrument fracture is an undesirable and stressful incident which can negatively affect the prognosis of the tooth. Any corrective step taken should be performed with utmost care to prevent extrusion of the fragment into periapex. This case report describes a rare occurrence of movement of a fractured instrument during inter-appointment period. A previously treated left mandibular first molar with a fractured instrument was taken up for retreatment. During the course of treatment, the fractured fragment which was previously located in the apical third of the distal canal was dislodged into the periapical region. However, it was found that fragment moved back inside the canal after the inter-appointment period. The same sequence of events repeated before the instrument could be retrieved. Hydrostatic and vascular pressure build due to periapical inflammation could be cited reasons for such a movement.

"Watch Me Grow- Electronic (WMG-E)" surveillance approach to identify and address child development, parental mental health, and psychosocial needs: study protocol

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic and the associated economic recession has increased parental psychosocial stress and mental health challenges. This has adversely impacted child development and wellbeing, particularly for children from priority populations (culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) and rural/regional communities) who are at an already increased risk of health inequality. The increased mental health and psychosocial needs were compounded by the closure of in-person preventive and health promotion programs resulting in health organisations embracing technology and online services. Watch Me Grow- Electronic (WMG-E) – developmental surveillance platform- exemplifies one such service.

WMG-E was developed to monitor child development and guide parents towards more detailed assessments when risk is identified. This Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) aims to expand WMG-E as a digital navigation tool by also incorporating parents’ mental health and psychosocial needs. Children and families needing additional assessments and supports will be electronically directed to relevant resources in the ‘care-as-usual’ group. In contrast, the intervention group will receive continuity of care, with additional in-person assessment and ‘warm hand over’ by a ‘service navigator’ to ensure their needs are met.

Methods

Using an RCT we will determine: (1) parental engagement with developmental surveillance; (2) access to services for those with mental health and social care needs; and (3) uptake of service recommendations. Three hundred parents/carers of children aged 6 months to 3 years (recruited from a culturally diverse, or rural/regional site) will be randomly allocated to the ‘care-as-usual’ or ‘intervention’ group. A mixed methods implementation evaluation will be completed, with semi-structured interviews to ascertain the acceptability, feasibility and impact of the WMG-E platform and service navigator.

Conclusions

Using WMG-E is expected to: normalise and de-stigmatise mental health and psychosocial screening; increase parental engagement and service use; and result in the early identification and management of child developmental needs, parental mental health, and family psychosocial needs. If effective, digital solutions such as WMG-E to engage and empower parents alongside a service navigator for vulnerable families needing additional support, will have significant practice and policy implications in the pandemic/post pandemic period.

Trial registration

The trial (Protocol No. 1.0, Version 3.1) was registered with ANZCTR (registration number: ACTRN12621000766819) on July 21st, 2021 and reporting of the trial results will be according to recommendations in the CONSORT Statement.

Validation of an obstetric quality of recovery scoring tool (ObsQoR-11) after elective caesarean delivery in a developing country: a prospective observational study

BACKGROUND

The obstetric quality of recovery scoring tool (ObsQoR-11) was developed and validated in the United Kingdom for use after elective and emergency caesarean delivery. Quality of recovery scoring tools validated in one country may not be valid in other countries with significant cultural, socio-economic and linguistic variations. The aim of the current study was to validate a Hindi version of the ObsQoR-11.

METHODS

In this prospective observational study, 100 parturients who underwent elective caesarean delivery in a tertiary care obstetric referral university hospital in North India were asked to complete a Hindi version of the ObsQoR-11 scoring tool 24 h after surgery. The performance of the Hindi version of ObsQoR-11 was assessed using measures of validity, reliability, and feasibility.

RESULTS

The Hindi version of ObsQoR-11 correlated moderately with the global health visual analogue scale (r=0.45, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.59; P <0.0001) and discriminated well between good and poor recovery (mean (SD) score 84.6 (9.4) vs 75.0 (11.2); P <0.0001). The reliability and internal consistency were moderate (Cronbach's alpha=0.66; Spearman-Brown Prophesy Reliability estimate=0.57) with good repeatability (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.85, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93; P <0.0001) and no floor or ceiling effects. All parturients completed the questionnaire (median (IQR) time of completion of 3 (1.5 - 5.5) min).

CONCLUSION

The Hindi version of the ObsQoR-11 questionnaire is a promising scoring tool to evaluate quality of recovery after elective caesarean delivery. Further research is needed to evaluate the Hindi tool in other institutions in India, as well as in other languages.

1300 Version Abnormalities of the Femur and Acetabulum in Patients with Femoroacetabular Impingement: A Systematic Review

Aim

This systematic review aims to understand the relationship between version abnormalities of the femur and acetabulum in patients with primary and secondary femoroacetabular impingement (FAI).

Method

A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. A computer-based search was performed using the EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed and Cochrane databases for articles relating to version and torsional abnormalities in FAI, Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD) and slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE). The study was registered in the Open Science Framework. Two authors independently performed title/abstract and full text screening according to predetermined inclusion criteria.

Results

A total of 1206 articles were identified 55 articles, involving 10, 091 hips, met the inclusion criteria. All studies evaluating femoral/acetabular version in FAI reported ‘normal’ mean version values (10o to 25o). However, distribution analysis revealed that an estimated 31.4% and 51.3% of patients with FAI displayed abnormal acetabular and femoral version, respectively. Abnormal femoral version was reported in an estimated 74.5% of hips with LCPD, and abnormal acetabular version in an estimated 20%. Acetabular version was significantly lower in hips with SCFE compared to controls (Z=-3.26, P &lt; 0.01).

Conclusions

Patients presenting with hip pain attributed to FAI are likely to display an abnormality in femoral or acetabular version. This highlights the importance of evaluating these parameters during assessment of these patients, in order to guide clinical decision making.

283 Salvage Versus Primary Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy: A Propensity-Matched Comparative Effectiveness Study from A High-Volume Tertiary Centre

Aim

Salvage Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy (sRARP) is a potential treatment option for locally recurrent Prostate Cancer after non-surgical primary treatment. There are minimal data comparing outcomes between propensity-matched salvage and primary Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy (RARP). We compare perioperative, oncological, and functional outcomes of sRARP with primary RARP and between sRARP post-whole and focal gland therapy.

Method

1:1 propensity-matched comparison of 146 sRARP with primary RARP from a cohort of 3,852 consecutive patients from a high-volume tertiary centre.

Results

There were no significant differences in patient characteristics between the salvage and primary RARP groups. Grade III-V Clavien-Dindo complication rates were 1.3% and 0% in the salvage and primary groups, respectively (p = 0.310). Median (IQR) follow-up was 16 (10,30) and 21 (13,33) months in the salvage and primary groups, respectively. BCR rates were 30.8% and 13.7% in the salvage and primary groups, respectively (p &lt; 0.001). Pad-free continence rates were 79.1% and 85.4% at two years in the salvage and primary groups, respectively (p = 0.160). ED rates were 95.2% and 77.4% in the salvage and primary groups, respectively (p &lt; 0.001). Comparing the whole gland and focal gland groups, BCR rates were 33.3% and 29.1%, respectively (p = 0.687), pad-free continence rates were 66% and 89.3%, respectively (p = 0.001), and ED rates were 98.3% and 93%, respectively (p = 0.145).

Conclusions

SRARP has similar perioperative but inferior oncological outcomes to primary RARP. Continence rates are similar to primary RARP, but potency is worse. Perioperative and oncological outcomes of sRARP after focal gland therapy are similar but continence outcomes are superior compared to sRARP after whole gland therapy.

1124 Is Delayed Presentation A Prognostic Factor for The Survival of Patients with Esophageal Atresia More Than Associated Anomalies? Comparison Between Different Social Realities

Background

The aim is to evaluate if different social reality could represent a prognostic factor as associated anomalies affecting survival of neonates with esophageal atresia (EA).

Method

Retrospective analysis of records of neonates with EA with or without Tracheoesophageal Fistula (TEF) from January 2011 to September 2018 at Policlinico San Matteo Pavia, Italy(SMAT) and the All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, India (AIIMS).Survival was correlated with the presence of anomalies, different types and the number of organ systems involved.Age at presentation and birth weight were considered to find an association with mortality.

Results

Out of 180 patients,162 were from AIIMS and 18 from SMAT.The overall mortality was 28.85%, which occurred at AIIMS, being 0% at SMAT.83.33% at SMAT and 72.84% at AIIMS had associated anomalies.The mortality was 25% for neonates without an anomaly, being 26.15% for those with one (p &gt; 0.05).No statistically significant correlation between outcome and associated anomalies was found.Instead, survival declines gradually as the age at presentation increases.

Conclusions

The presence of associated anomalies paradoxically does not affect the outcome because incidence of delayed presentation has a stronger effect than the presence of associated anomalies. Sensibilization is necessary to improve survival in EA neonates in developing countries, such as India.

1079 Analysis of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Status in Metastatic Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OPSCC)

Introduction

OPSCC often (80%) presents with ipsilateral neck metastasis. Presentation may be as carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP). Sampling via ultrasound guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) and/or Core Biopsy (CB) from nodal metastases is required for diagnosis, comparison with primary tumour and to assess human papilloma virus (HPV) status. HPV positive biopsy from CUP may indicate oropharynx primary. HPV positive OPSCC has better prognosis. HPV association is ascertained by p16 immunocytochemistry (p16- IHC) and HPV DNA in situ hybridization (HPV-ISH). In a cohort of OPSCC patients from a single referral centre 68% had metastatic disease. Core biopsy was optimal for HPV testing.

Method

Retrospective review of records from Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS) patients treated for OPSCC between December 2017-2019 was conducted. Cohort included patients undergoing TORS for diagnostic purposes and with curative intent.

Results

Data was available from 23 patients who had TORS for OPSCC. 47.8% (n = 11) presented with lymphadenopathy. 82.6% (n = 19) underwent FNAC. 68.4% (n = 13) were diagnosed with metastatic OPSCC and 56.5% (n = 13) underwent neck dissections. 52.2% (n = 12) had confirmed HPV positive metastases, 75% (n = 9) had 1 node positive, 25% (n = 3) had &gt;1 node positive. FNAC yielded enough tissue for p16 IHC and HPV-ISH in 10.5% (n = 2). CB yielded sufficient tissue for analysis in all cases 39.1% (n = 9).

Conclusions

The study confirms high incidence of neck metastases in HPV associated OPSCC patients. Needle core biopsy appears superior to FNAC for tissue sampling to assess HPV status in tumours metastatic to neck.

Single-shot generation of composite optical vortex beams using hybrid binary fork gratings

We design and experimentally demonstrate a simple, single-shot method for the generation of arbitrary composite vortex (CV) beams using hybrid binary fork gratings (hBFG). These gratings were computationally generated by removing the central region around the fork-dislocation of azimuthal charge ℓ₁ and substituting it with a BFG of a different charge ℓ₂. The geometrical parameters of hBFGs were optimized for the efficient generation of CV beams. The method was further extended to the generation of CV beams consisting of three different ℓ and of higher radial charges p. This simple generation method may be useful to generate complex beam shapes with engineered phase fronts without complicated interferometry based techniques.

1692 No Longer Unknown: A Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis of The Effectiveness of Trans-Oral Surgical Techniques in Identifying Head and Neck Primary Cancer in Carcinoma Unknown Primary

Aim

The use of transoral robotic surgery (TORS), transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) and more recently reported transoral endoscopic electrocautery (TOEC) in the identification of the primary cancer in CUP patients has gained popularity. This systematic review aims to assess the effectiveness of TORS, TLM and TOEC.

Method

A systematic review and meta-analysis using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting methodology was carried out to assess the effectiveness of the three trans-oral surgical techniques. EMBASE, MEDLINE and CINAHL databases were searched from inception to September 2020. Primary outcome measure was detection rates of primary cancer of the different techniques. Secondary outcome measures were complications and length of hospital stay.

Results

289 studies were identified of which 30 met the inclusion criteria (28 case series and 2 case reports). The overall combined primary identification rate was 72.3% (567 /777 patients). The primary identification rates were 49.7% and 34.2% in lingual (n = 273) and palatine tonsillectomy (n = 118) respectively. The primary cancer identification rates by surgical techniques are: TORS was 60% (CI 0.49, 0.70), TLM was 80% (CI 0.58, 1.01), TOEC was 41% (CI 0.05, 0.76). The commonest complication was haemorrhage (5.3%).

Conclusions

This is the largest systematic review in the subject and incorporates the more recently published surgical technique of TOEC. Lingual tonsillectomy is an effective procedure in CUP work up. Further larger, multi-centre, prospective studies of PET CT negative CUP patients is needed to draw conclusive results

Snapshots Quiz

A 55-year-old male presented with a 6 month history of multiple swellings on the right buttock and sacral region with yellowish discharge. The patient frequently walked bare foot, but denied any history trauma. Fine needle aspirate cytology showed acute dense inflammation, nuclear debris and numerous filamentous bacilli, which on staining revealed gram positive bacilli. What is the diagnosis?

Modified vertical osteotomy cut in bilateral sagittal split osteotomy

Bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) is the most common orthognathic surgical procedure for the correction of facial deformities. Like any other surgical procedure, it is also associated with a risk of complications. One of these is described in the literature as notching at the lower inferior border of the mandible. Such discontinuity in the contour of the lower border is often a concern for patients. To overcome this complication, we recommend a modified vertical osteotomy cut while performing BSSO.

Is HRCT reliable in determining disease activity in pulmonary tuberculosis?

Aims and Objectives The purpose of our study is to [1] determine the activity of disease based on the HRCT findings (2) to define indications for the use of HRCT in evaluation of Pulmonary TB and (3) to determine whether additional information provided by HRCT alters clinical management of the disease. Materials and Methods The present study was carried out at Shree Sayajirao General Hospital (SSGH), Baroda, Gujarat, India from January 2002 to December 2002. Twenty five patients with sputum positive post-primary pulmonary TB were studied prospectively with chest radiographs and HRCT. The diagnosis of active TB was based on detection of acid-fast bacilli in sputum. None of the patients in our study population was HIV positive. All patients underwent x-ray chest and HRCT chest (Philips Tomoscan, Best, Netherlands). The pattern, extent and severity of HRCT findings were recorded and compared with the plain x-ray findings. The gathered information and investigations were subjected to statistical analysis. Results Our study population consisted of sputum positive (AFB positive) 25 patients, 22 of them were newly diagnosed/suspected post-primary tuberculosis (GROUP 1) and 3 of them had taken six months of AKT (GROUP 2). Our study included 22 males and 3 females with average age of 38 years (range, 14-65 years.) In total chest radiographic signs of active tuberculosis were seen in twelve (48%) patients. HRCT showed evidences of active tuberculosis in all 22 patients of newly diagnosed tuberculosis; and in 2 out of 3 patients with prior history of AKT. Thus, total of 24 (96%) patients had evidence of active pulmonary TB on HRCT. One patient with prior history of AKT showed evidence of pulmonary Koch′s sequel. Conclusion Although chest radiography remains the foremost imaging technique in the evaluation of pulmonary TB, HRCT can be useful in certain circumstances and can provide important information in the diagnosis and management of the disease. HRCT is helpful in the distinction of active form inactive TB. HRCT is better than plain chest radiograph in identification of extent of pulmonary TB, especially subtle areas of consolidation, cavitation, bronchogenic and miliary spread. HRCT is recommended when the radiographic findings are normal or inconclusive and tuberculosis is suspected clinically for the confirmation of diagnosis and determination of activity.

A65 ENDOSCOPIST-TARGETED INTERVENTIONS TO OPTIMIZE ADENOMA DETECTION RATE - A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

Background

Adenoma detection rate (ADR) has emerged as the strongest quality assurance metric that has consistently been shown to be inversely associated with the development of colorectal cancer after colonoscopy. Unfortunately, marked variability in ADR exists among endoscopists. A multitude of interventions targeted at endoscopists to optimize their ADR have been reported, including but not limited to withdrawal time, in room observers, physician report cards, and quality improvement and training programs. However, it is unclear which of them are truly effective.

Aims

We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature to evaluate the effectiveness of endoscopist-targeted interventions to improve adenoma detection rate (ADR) or polyp detection rate (PDR).

Methods

Systematic searches of major databases were conducted through to March 2018 to identify potentially relevant studies. Both randomized controlled trials and observational studies were included. Data for ADR and PDR were analyzed on the log-odds scale using a random-effects meta-analysis model using restricted maximum likelihood (with Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effect meta-analysis used for fewer than 4 studies). Statistical effect-size heterogeneity was assessed using a Chi2 test and quantifying the relative proportion of variation using the I2 statistic. Publication bias was assessed by the Harbord regression test.

Results

From 4299 initial studies, 24 were included in the systematic review and 13 were included in the meta-analysis representing a total of 55,090 colonoscopies. Physician report card interventions (7 studies) and withdrawal time focused interventions (6 studies) were meta-analyzed. The pooled odds ratio for ADR for report card interventions was 1.31 (95% CI: 1.15, 1.50; p&lt;0.0001), favoring report cards to detect more adenomas. Statistical heterogeneity was detected with substantial relative effect-size variability (Chi2, p&lt;0.0001; I2=80.1%). No statistical evidence of publication bias was found. 6 studies reported data for PDR using withdrawal time focused interventions, with 3 of these reporting data on ADR. The pooled odds ratio for ADR was 1.02 (95% CI: 0.86, 1.22; p=0.81) and for PDR was 1.07 (95% CI: 0.88, 1.31; p=0.51) which were not statistically significant. Statistical heterogeneity was detected in both groups (Chi2, p&lt;0.001; I2=82.2% for ADR and I2=89.4% for PDR) and there was statistical evidence of publication bias. Figures 1 and 2 represent Forest plots for the effect of pre-and post-report card and withdrawal time focused interventions on ADR.

Conclusions

Our study provides evidence that the distribution of colonoscopy quality report cards to physicians significantly improves overall ADR and should strongly be considered as part of quality improvement programs aimed at optimizing colonoscopy performance.

Funding Agencies

None

A 5 years' follow-up of root anatomy-based maturogenesis achieved in infected immature molars using regenerative techniques - A case series

Infected immature molars are commonly encountered but seldom are they treated using principles of regenerative endodontics. The case series describes a feasible technique for attempting maturogenesis based on molar tooth anatomy. A total of 9 infected immature molars in the patients between 6 and 18 years of age were treated as part of this case series. All the canals were disinfected using 3% sodium hypochlorite and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid following minimal instrumentation. After using triple antibiotic paste for 3 weeks, bleeding was induced in mesial or constricted canals and platelet-rich fibrin was placed in distal or open wide canals till the orifice level. Coronal seal was obtained using mineral trioxide aggregate. Outcome was evaluated clinically and radiographically at the periods of 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 60 months. All the teeth showed continued root development and maintained functionality but none responded to vitality testing. Anatomical aspects of individual roots within a tooth can be utilized as a guide to decide the appropriate approach for attempting maturogenesis in a molar. Root changes can be expected even if the pulp vitality is not restored.

Three-dimensional printing: A revealing pathway to an unpredictable maze

Three-dimensional (3D) technology has gained wide acceptance in dentistry. It has been used for treatment planning and surgical guidance. This case report presented a novel treatment approach to remove and preserve the cortical bone and root-end resection during periapical surgery with the help of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), computer-aided design, and 3D printing technology. A 22-year-old male patient presented with a large periapical lesion in the right maxillary central and lateral incisors was referred for endodontic surgery. The data acquired from a preoperative diagnostic CBCT scan and an intraoral scan were uploaded into surgical planning software and matched. A template that could be used to locate root ends and lesion areas was virtually designed based on the data and was fabricated using a 3D printer. With the guidance of the template, the overlying cortical bone was precisely removed and preserved, and apicectomy was performed. The patient was clinically asymptomatic at a 6-month follow-up review. Six months after the surgery, the lesion was healing well, and no periapical radiolucency was observed on radiographic examination. The digitally designed directional template worked in all aspects to facilitate the periapical surgery as anticipated. The root ends were accurately located and resected. The surgical procedure was simplified, and the treatment efficiency was improved. This technique minimized the damage and reduced iatrogenic injury.

Comparative evaluation of novel customized cushees during rubber dam isolation using self-designed evaluation criteria: A randomized clinical study

Background:

Rubber dam plays essential role in dentistry and various modifications have been done to improve patients acceptance and to eliminate the discomfort caused due to clamps.

Aim:

Clinical evaluation of efficacy and postoperative outcome of metal clamps with customized cushions and standard metal clamps during rubber dam isolation procedures.

Materials and Methods:

After institutional ethical approval and informed consent total 64 patients were randomly assigned in two groups. Group A - rubber dam metal clamp with customized cushees (n = 32), Group B - rubber dam with standard metal clamp (n = 32). After selection of appropriate clamp for Group A, Customized cushions were prepared and restoration was performed. The evaluation was done using self-designed assessment criteria which included postoperative pain, rubber dam slippage, trauma to gingival and adjacent tissues and sealing ability of both the groups.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Chi-square value was calculated with SPSS software version 18.0.

Results:

There was statistically significant difference between postoperative pain, rubber dam slippage, trauma to gingival tissues (P < 0.001) with reduced postoperative pain.

Conclusion:

Cushions have played significant role in reducing postoperative pain, trauma to the gingival tissue and slippage of rubber dam clamp compared to standard metal clamps.

Safety and outcomes of percutaneous tracheostomy in coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonitis patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation

OBJECTIVES

Tracheostomy for coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonitis patients requiring prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation remains a matter of debate. This study analysed the timing and outcomes of percutaneous tracheostomy, and reports our experience of a dedicated ENT-anaesthetics department led tracheostomy team.

METHOD

A prospective single-centre observational study was conducted of patients undergoing tracheostomy, who had been diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonitis, between 21st March and 20th May 2020.

RESULTS

Eighty-one patients underwent tracheostomy after a median (interquartile range) of 16 (13-20) days of invasive mechanical ventilation. Median follow-up duration was 32 (23-40) days. Of patients, 86.7 per cent were successfully liberated from invasive mechanical ventilation in a median (interquartile range) of 12 (7-16) days. Moreover, 68.7 per cent were subsequently discharged from hospital. On univariate analysis, there was no difference in outcomes between early (before day 14) and late (day 14 or later) tracheostomy. The mortality rate was 8.6 per cent and no deaths were tracheostomy related.

CONCLUSION

Outcomes appear favourable when patients are carefully selected. Percutaneous tracheostomy performed via a multidisciplinary approach, with appropriate training, was safe and optimised healthcare resource utilisation.

Ultrasound-guided autologous blood injection in patients with chronic recurrent temporomandibular joint dislocation

Objective:

To evaluate the accuracy and effectiveness of ultrasound (US) guided autologous blood injection (ABI) for the treatment of chronic recurrent TMJ dislocation.

Design:

Prospective cohort study.

Setting:

Centre for medical education and research.

Participants (or Animals, Specimens, Cadavers):

Ninteen patients with chronic recurrent TMJ dislocation (Fifteen bilateral and fourteen unilateral).

Interventions:

Autologous blood injected, 2ml in superior joint space (SJS) and 1 ml in peri-capsular tissue (PT) under ultra sound guidance.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

Reduction in number of dislocation episodes, maximal mouth opening, pain (visual analogue scale) and TMJ sounds (present or absent) at the end of 2 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year.

Results:

At 2 weeks post operatively 18 patients (95%) were asymptomatic only one patient (5%) complained of Recurrence of dislocation and was treated successfully by a 2^nd injection. At subsequent follow up visits none reported dislocation.

Conclusion(s):

US guided ABI for patients with chronic recurrent TMJ dislocations serves as an alternative, minimally invasive, highly effective and accurate modality of treatment since it includes exposure without radiation, real-time visualization of soft tissues, visualization of the needle tip advancement, local anesthetic spread relevant to the surrounding structures which can be performed on an outpatient basis.

The role of transoral fine needle aspiration in expediting diagnosis and reducing risk in head and neck cancer patients in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) era: a single-institution experience

OBJECTIVE

The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has necessitated rapid alterations to diagnostic pathways for head and neck cancer patients that aim to reduce risk to patients (exposure to the hospital environment) and staff (aerosol-generating procedures). Transoral fine needle aspiration cytology offers a low-risk means of rapidly diagnosing patients with oral cavity or oropharyngeal lesions. The technique was utilised in selected patients at our institution during the pandemic. The outcomes are considered in this study.

METHOD

Diagnostic outcomes were retrospectively evaluated for a series of patients undergoing transoral fine needle aspiration cytology of oral cavity and oropharyngeal lesions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

RESULTS

Five patients underwent transoral fine needle aspiration cytology, yielding lesional material in 100 per cent, with cell blocks providing additional information. In one case, excision biopsy of a lymphoproliferative lesion was required for final diagnosis.

CONCLUSION

Transoral fine needle aspiration cytology can provide rapid diagnosis in patients with oral cavity and oropharyngeal lesions. Whilst limitations exist (including tolerability and lesion location), the technique offers significant advantages pertinent to the COVID-19 era, and could be employed in the future to obviate diagnostic surgery in selected patients.

Oral health care among patients with diabetes in Australia: A snapshot

Background

Diabetes increases the risk of periodontal disease, which in turn negatively impact on diabetes control and complications. Therefore, awareness about the diabetes-oral health link and dental problems is important for people with diabetes. This study aimed to assess self-reported oral health status and knowledge of people living with diabetes.

Methods

A survey was conducted among patients who attended four public diabetes clinics in Sydney, Australia. The questionnaire included 10 knowledge items and a validated Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) scale. A convenience sample of 200 patients were recruited. The data were analysed using SPSS software with descriptive and Pearson's Chi-Squared tests reported.

Results

The mean age of participants was 62.4(±13.5) years. More than half were males (54.5%), born overseas (64%), not working (73%) and had type 2 diabetes (88%). More than half (55.1%) of the patients reported having one or more dental problems and this was negatively associated with their oral health-related quality of life (p &lt; 0.001). The most common dental problems were: gaps between teeth, pain in teeth and dry mouth. Only 46.2% of the participants had adequate oral health knowledge (&gt; the mean correct score 5.2 (±2.6). The main areas with poor knowledge were around the impact of gum disease on blood glucose levels (29.6%), effects of dry mouth on tooth decay (33.8%) and the link between diabetes and teeth and gums (44.5%). Only 13% of the patients reported receiving oral health information from diabetes care providers (diabetes educator, general practitioner/diabetes specialist and dietitian/nutritionist). Receiving oral health information was found to be significantly associated with higher oral health knowledge scores (p &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions

Considering that a majority of patients with diabetes have dental problems and inadequate oral health knowledge, diabetes care providers should take the opportunity to educate patients about oral health risks.

Key messages

People living with diabetes found to have dental problems and inadequate oral health knowledge. Considering that diabetes and dental problems adversely affect each other, it is crucial to educate patients about good oral hygiene and regular dental visit.