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Lee M, Larose H, Gräbeldinger M, Williams J, Baird AM, Brown S, Bruns J, Clark R, Cortes J, Curigliano G, Ferris A, Garrison LP, Gupta Y, Kanesvaran R, Lyman G, Pani L, Pemberton-Whiteley Z, Salmonson T, Sawicki P, Stein B, Suh DC, Velikova G, Grueger J. The evolving value assessment of cancer therapies: Results from a modified Delphi study. Health Policy Open 2024; 6:100116. [PMID: 38464704 PMCID: PMC10924144 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpopen.2024.100116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The move toward early detection and treatment of cancer presents challenges for value assessment using traditional endpoints. Current cancer management rarely considers the full economic and societal benefits of therapies. Our study used a modified Delphi process to develop principles for defining and assessing value of cancer therapies that aligns with the current trajectory of oncology research and reflects broader notions of value. 24 experts participated in consensus-building activities across 5 months (16 took part in structured interactions, including a survey, plenary sessions, interviews, and off-line discussions, while 8 participated in interviews). Discussion focused on: 1) which oncology-relevant endpoints should be used for assessing treatments for early-stage cancer and access decisions for early-stage treatments, and 2) the importance of additional value components and how these can be integrated in value assessments. The expert group reached consensus on 4 principles in relation to the first area (consider oncology-relevant endpoints other than overall survival; build evidence for endpoints that provide earlier indication of efficacy; develop evidence for the next generation of predictive measures; use managed entry agreements supported by ongoing evidence collection to address decision-maker evidence needs) and 3 principles in relation to the second (routinely use patient reported outcomes in value assessments; assess broad economic impact of new medicines; consider other value aspects of relevance to patients and society).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Division of Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Italy
| | | | | | - Y.K. Gupta
- All India Institute of Medical Science Bhopal, India
| | | | - Gary Lyman
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, USA
| | - Luca Pani
- University of Miami, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Zack Pemberton-Whiteley
- Leukaemia Care, UK, Acute Leukemia Advocates Network (ALAN), Switzerland, Blood Cancer Alliance (BCA), UK
| | | | | | | | - Dong-Churl Suh
- Chung-Ang University, South Korea; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Jens Grueger
- Boston Consulting Group, Switzerland, Zurich, University of Washington, DC, USA
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Murchan P, Baird AM, Ó Broin P, Sheils O, Finn SP. Surrogate Biomarker Prediction from Whole-Slide Images for Evaluating Overall Survival in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:462. [PMID: 38472935 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14050462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent advances in computational pathology have shown potential in predicting biomarkers from haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) whole-slide images (WSI). However, predicting the outcome directly from WSIs remains a substantial challenge. In this study, we aimed to investigate how gene expression, predicted from WSIs, could be used to evaluate overall survival (OS) in patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). METHODS Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-LUAD cohort. Cox regression analysis was performed on DEGs to identify the gene prognostics of OS. Attention-based multiple instance learning (AMIL) models were trained to predict the expression of identified prognostic genes from WSIs using the TCGA-LUAD dataset. Models were externally validated in the Clinical Proteomic Tumour Analysis Consortium (CPTAC)-LUAD dataset. The prognostic value of predicted gene expression values was then compared to the true gene expression measurements. RESULTS The expression of 239 prognostic genes could be predicted in TCGA-LUAD with cross-validated Pearson's R > 0.4. Predicted gene expression demonstrated prognostic performance, attaining a cross-validated concordance index of up to 0.615 in TCGA-LUAD through Cox regression. In total, 36 genes had predicted expression in the external validation cohort that was prognostic of OS. CONCLUSIONS Gene expression predicted from WSIs is an effective method of evaluating OS in patients with LUAD. These results may open up new avenues of cost- and time-efficient prognosis assessment in LUAD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Murchan
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
- The SFI Centre for Research Training in Genomics Data Science, University of Galway, H91 CF50 Galway, Ireland
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute (TSJCI), St. James's Hospital, D08 RX0X Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute (TSJCI), St. James's Hospital, D08 RX0X Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 A440 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pilib Ó Broin
- School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Orla Sheils
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute (TSJCI), St. James's Hospital, D08 RX0X Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen P Finn
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute (TSJCI), St. James's Hospital, D08 RX0X Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Histopathology, St. James's Hospital, James's Street, D08 X4RX Dublin, Ireland
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Baird AM. Lung Cancer Europe challenges stigma: an interview with Anne-Marie Baird. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050606. [PMID: 38116679 PMCID: PMC10753188 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Baird
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT, Ireland
- Lung Cancer Europe, Effingerstrasse 40, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
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Chihuri TM, Roy UB, Moore A, Baird AM, Grant TL, King-Kallimanis BL. Patient Report on the Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Living With Lung Cancer. JTO Clin Res Rep 2023; 4:100549. [PMID: 37663676 PMCID: PMC10472288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2023.100549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Several studies have highlighted coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related disruptions in treatment and care in people living with lung cancer. However, few studies have assessed patient-reported perspectives on treatment disruption. This study aims to report the patient perspectives on the impact of COVID-19, vaccination access, and coverage on people living with lung cancer. Methods Data are from a larger online longitudinal study being run by a lung cancer nonprofit organization, LUNGevity Foundation. The survey is open to all patients living with lung cancer and their caregivers. These analyses focus on data captured in the COVID-19 module and the vaccine questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were computed for categorical and ordinal variables. Results Overall, 164 people living with lung cancer completed the COVID-19 module. Of these, 54% reported disruption in access to treatment, appointments, participating in research and clinical trials. Participants living with stage IV disease were likely to be more concerned about COVID-19 (35%) compared with those with stage I, II, and III. More than half (66%) had tested for COVID-19 of this group 88% tested negative. There was a correlation among participants testing positive for COVID-19 and the number of household members who also tested positive for COVID-19. In the sample who completed the vaccine survey, almost all (98%) were vaccinated against COVID-19. When a recommendation came from a health care professional, an oncologist was the most likely referral source (33%). Conclusions An integrative patient-reported view on the impact of COVID-19 is important for adequate preparation to ensure undisrupted treatment and allocation of resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amy Moore
- LUNGevity Foundation, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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O’Shaughnessy M, Sheils O, Baird AM. The Lung Microbiome in COPD and Lung Cancer: Exploring the Potential of Metal-Based Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12296. [PMID: 37569672 PMCID: PMC10419288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer 17 are two of the most prevalent and debilitating respiratory diseases worldwide, both associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. As major global health concerns, they impose a substantial burden on patients, healthcare systems, and society at large. Despite their distinct aetiologies, lung cancer and COPD share common risk factors, clinical features, and pathological pathways, which have spurred increasing research interest in their co-occurrence. One area of particular interest is the role of the lung microbiome in the development and progression of these diseases, including the transition from COPD to lung cancer. Exploring novel therapeutic strategies, such as metal-based drugs, offers a potential avenue for targeting the microbiome in these diseases to improve patient outcomes. This review aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of the lung microbiome, with a particular emphasis on COPD and lung cancer, and to discuss the potential of metal-based drugs as a therapeutic strategy for these conditions, specifically concerning targeting the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan O’Shaughnessy
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
| | - Orla Sheils
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James’s Hospital, D08 RX0X Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
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Keogh RJ, Barr MP, Keogh A, McMahon D, Baird AM, Cotter S, Breen D, Fitzmaurice GJ, Fitzpatrick D, O'Brien C, Finn SP, Naidoo J. Lung Cancer in the Republic of Ireland. J Thorac Oncol 2023; 18:851-857. [PMID: 37348994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2023.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J Keogh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Republic of Ireland
| | - Martin P Barr
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland; School of Medicine, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Anna Keogh
- School of Medicine, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland; Department of Histopathology, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - David McMahon
- Department of Medical Oncology, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- School of Medicine, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland; Irish Lung Cancer Community, Republic of Ireland
| | - Seamus Cotter
- Irish Lung Cancer Community, Republic of Ireland; Cancer Trials Ireland, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - David Breen
- Interventional Respiratory Unit, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Republic of Ireland
| | - Gerard J Fitzmaurice
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland; School of Medicine, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | | | - Cathal O'Brien
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Stephen P Finn
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland; School of Medicine, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland; Department of Histopathology, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland; Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Jarushka Naidoo
- Cancer Trials Ireland, Dublin, Republic of Ireland; Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland; RCSI University of Health Sciences, Dublin, Republic of Ireland.
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7
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Sheill G, Brady L, Hayes B, Baird AM, Guinan E, Vishwakarma R, Brophy C, Vlajnic T, Casey O, Murphy V, Greene J, Allott E, Hussey J, Cahill F, Van Hemelrijck M, Peat N, Mucci L, Cunningham M, Grogan L, Lynch T, Manecksha RP, McCaffrey J, O'Donnell D, Sheils O, O'Leary J, Rudman S, McDermott R, Finn S. ExPeCT: a randomised trial examining the impact of exercise on quality of life in men with metastatic prostate cancer. Support Care Cancer 2023; 31:292. [PMID: 37086362 PMCID: PMC10122616 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-07740-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE All patients living with cancer, including those with metastatic cancer, are encouraged to be physically active. This paper examines the secondary endpoints of an aerobic exercise intervention for men with metastatic prostate cancer. METHODS ExPeCT (Exercise, Prostate Cancer and Circulating Tumour Cells), was a multi-centre randomised control trial with a 6-month aerobic exercise intervention arm or a standard care control arm. Exercise adherence data was collected via heart rate monitors. Quality of life (FACT-P) and physical activity (self-administered questionnaire) assessments were completed at baseline, at 3 months and at 6 months. RESULTS A total of 61 patients were included (69.4 ± 7.3 yr, body mass index 29.2 ± 5.8 kg/m2). The median time since diagnosis was 34 months (IQR 7-54). A total of 35 (55%) of participants had > 1 region affected by metastatic disease. No adverse events were reported by participants. There was no effect of exercise on quality of life (Cohen's d = - 0.082). Overall adherence to the supervised sessions was 83% (329 out of 396 possible sessions attended by participants). Overall adherence to the non-supervised home exercise sessions was 72% (months 1-3) and 67% (months 3-6). Modelling results for overall physical activity scores showed no significant main effect for the group (p-value = 0.25) or for time (p-value = 0.24). CONCLUSION In a group of patients with a high burden of metastatic prostate cancer, a 6-month aerobic exercise intervention did not lead to change in quality of life. Further exercise studies examining the role of exercise for people living with metastatic prostate cancer are needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02453139) on May 25th 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gráinne Sheill
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Lauren Brady
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian Hayes
- Department of Histopathology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Pathology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emer Guinan
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rishabh Vishwakarma
- School of Computer Science and Statistics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Caroline Brophy
- School of Computer Science and Statistics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Tatjana Vlajnic
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - John Greene
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emma Allott
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, Belfast, UK
| | - Juliette Hussey
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Fidelma Cahill
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Translational Oncology and Urology Research (TOUR), King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mieke Van Hemelrijck
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Translational Oncology and Urology Research (TOUR), King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nicola Peat
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Lorelei Mucci
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Moya Cunningham
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St Luke's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Liam Grogan
- Department of Oncology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thomas Lynch
- Department of Urology, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rustom P Manecksha
- Department of Urology, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John McCaffrey
- Department of Oncology, Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Orla Sheils
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah Rudman
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ray McDermott
- Department of Oncology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen Finn
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Cancer Trials Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Histopathology, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Iivanainen S, Baird AM, Balas B, Bustillos A, Castro Sanchez AY, Eicher M, Golding S, Mueller-Ohldach M, Reig M, Welslau M, Ammann J. Assessing the impact of digital patient monitoring on health outcomes and healthcare resource usage in addition to the feasibility of its combination with at-home treatment, in participants receiving systemic anticancer treatment in clinical practice: protocol for an interventional, open-label, multicountry platform study (ORIGAMA). BMJ Open 2023; 13:e063242. [PMID: 37076159 PMCID: PMC10124208 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Digital patient monitoring (DPM) tools can enable more effective clinical care and improved patient outcomes in cancer. However, their broad adoption requires ease of use and demonstration of real-world clinical utility/impact. ORIGAMA (MO42720) is an interventional, open-label, multicountry platform study investigating the clinical utility of DPM tools and specific treatments. ORIGAMA will begin with two cohorts that aim to assess the impact of the atezolizumab-specific Roche DPM Module (hosted on the Kaiku Health DPM platform (Helsinki, Finland)) on health outcomes and healthcare resource usage, and its feasibility to support at-home treatment administration, in participants receiving systemic anticancer treatment. Other digital health solutions may be added to future cohorts. METHODS AND ANALYSIS In Cohort A, participants with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), extensive-stage SCLC or Child Pugh A unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma will be randomised to a locally approved anticancer regimen containing intravenous atezolizumab (TECENTRIQ, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd/Genentech) and local standard-of-care support, with/without the Roche DPM Module. Cohort B will assess the feasibility of the Roche DPM Module in supporting administration of three cycles of subcutaneous atezolizumab (1875 mg; Day 1 of each 21-day cycle) in the hospital, followed by 13 cycles at home by a healthcare professional (ie, flexible care), in participants with programmed cell-death ligand 1-positive, early-stage NSCLC. The primary endpoints are the mean difference in change of the participant-reported Total Symptom Interference Score at Week 12 from baseline (Cohort A) and flexible care adoption rate at Cycle 6 (Cohort B). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study will be conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki, and/or the applicable laws and regulations of the country in which the research is conducted, whichever affords the greater protection to the individual. The study received its first Ethics Committee approval in Spain in October 2022. Participants will provide written informed consent in a face-to-face setting. The results of this study will be presented at national and/or international congresses and disseminated via publication in peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05694013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Iivanainen
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
- Lung Cancer Europe, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bogdana Balas
- Product Development Safety, F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Bustillos
- Product Development Medical Affairs, F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Manuela Eicher
- Institute of Higher Education and Research in Health Care, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Golding
- Product Development Data Sciences, F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Maria Reig
- BCLC Group, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manfred Welslau
- Department of Oncology, Medical Care Center, Hospital Aschaffenburg GmbH, Aschaffenburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Ammann
- Product Development Medical Affairs, F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
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Hallick J, Baird AM, Falchook G, Le X, Hong D, Viteri S, Raskin J, Reinmuth N, Vlassak S, Militaru M, Paik PK. Plain language summary of the development of tepotinib: a treatment for a subtype of non-small cell lung cancer called MET exon 14 skipping. Future Oncol 2023; 19:683-696. [PMID: 36999526 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2022-1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
WHAT IS THIS SUMMARY ABOUT? This plain language summary provides an overview of two of the main clinical studies that led to tepotinib's approval, the phase I first-in-human study and the phase II VISION study. WHAT IS TEPOTINIB? Tepotinib is a targeted anti-cancer treatment taken orally (by mouth). It is available in many countries for people with advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), where the tumor contains a genetic mutation (alteration) called 'MET exon 14 skipping'. Tumor cells rely on this mutation to grow and survive, so targeted blocking of the effect of this mutation is an important treatment approach. MET exon 14 skipping occurs in approximately 3-4% of people with NSCLC. These people are usually of older age. This subtype of NSCLC is associated with poor outcomes. Before treatments that specifically target this MET mutation were developed, only general treatments such as chemotherapy were available for this type of cancer. Because chemotherapy attacks all rapidly dividing cells in a person's body and is administered intravenously (through a vein), it can often cause unwanted side effects. Cancer cells grow and divide rapidly because of defects, often involving proteins called 'tyrosine kinases'. Specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) were therefore developed to slow or stop cancer growth by targeting these proteins. Tepotinib is a MET TKI. This means that it blocks the activity of the MET pathway that is overactive in MET exon 14 skipping NSCLC. Doing this, may slow down cancer growth. WHAT WERE THE RESULTS FROM THE CLINICAL STUDIES OF TEPOTINIB? In the studies summarized here, people with MET exon 14 skipping NSCLC who took tepotinib had their tumor growth stopped or their tumor shrunk for a period of time, and they mostly experienced side effects that they could tolerate. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT01014936 (tepotinib first-in-human), NCT02864992 (VISION), NCT03940703 (INSIGHT 2) (ClinicalTrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gerald Falchook
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Xiuning Le
- Department of Thoracic Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Hong
- Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Jo Raskin
- Department of Pulmonology & Thoracic Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium
| | - Niels Reinmuth
- Asklepios Clinics Munich-Gauting, Department of Thoracic Oncology, Gauting, Germany
| | - Soetkin Vlassak
- Global Medical Affairs, Merck N.V.-S.A., Hoeilaart, Belgium, an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Mihaela Militaru
- EU Patient Insights & Advocacy, Oncology, Merck N.V.-S.A., Hoeilaart, Belgium, an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Paul K Paik
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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Lawler M, Davies L, Oberst S, Oliver K, Eggermont A, Schmutz A, La Vecchia C, Allemani C, Lievens Y, Naredi P, Cufer T, Aggarwal A, Aapro M, Apostolidis K, Baird AM, Cardoso F, Charalambous A, Coleman MP, Costa A, Crul M, Dégi CL, Di Nicolantonio F, Erdem S, Geanta M, Geissler J, Jassem J, Jagielska B, Jonsson B, Kelly D, Kelm O, Kolarova T, Kutluk T, Lewison G, Meunier F, Pelouchova J, Philip T, Price R, Rau B, Rubio IT, Selby P, Južnič Sotlar M, Spurrier-Bernard G, van Hoeve JC, Vrdoljak E, Westerhuis W, Wojciechowska U, Sullivan R. European Groundshot-addressing Europe's cancer research challenges: a Lancet Oncology Commission. Lancet Oncol 2023; 24:e11-e56. [PMID: 36400101 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(22)00540-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer research is a crucial pillar for countries to deliver more affordable, higher quality, and more equitable cancer care. Patients treated in research-active hospitals have better outcomes than patients who are not treated in these settings. However, cancer in Europe is at a crossroads. Cancer was already a leading cause of premature death before the COVID-19 pandemic, and the disastrous effects of the pandemic on early diagnosis and treatment will probably set back cancer outcomes in Europe by almost a decade. Recognising the pivotal importance of research not just to mitigate the pandemic today, but to build better European cancer services and systems for patients tomorrow, the Lancet Oncology European Groundshot Commission on cancer research brings together a wide range of experts, together with detailed new data on cancer research activity across Europe during the past 12 years. We have deployed this knowledge to help inform Europe's Beating Cancer Plan and the EU Cancer Mission, and to set out an evidence-driven, patient-centred cancer research roadmap for Europe. The high-resolution cancer research data we have generated show current activities, captured through different metrics, including by region, disease burden, research domain, and effect on outcomes. We have also included granular data on research collaboration, gender of researchers, and research funding. The inclusion of granular data has facilitated the identification of areas that are perhaps overemphasised in current cancer research in Europe, while also highlighting domains that are underserved. Our detailed data emphasise the need for more information-driven and data-driven cancer research strategies and planning going forward. A particular focus must be on central and eastern Europe, because our findings emphasise the widening gap in cancer research activity, and capacity and outcomes, compared with the rest of Europe. Citizens and patients, no matter where they are, must benefit from advances in cancer research. This Commission also highlights that the narrow focus on discovery science and biopharmaceutical research in Europe needs to be widened to include such areas as prevention and early diagnosis; treatment modalities such as radiotherapy and surgery; and a larger concentration on developing a research and innovation strategy for the 20 million Europeans living beyond a cancer diagnosis. Our data highlight the important role of comprehensive cancer centres in driving the European cancer research agenda. Crucial to a functioning cancer research strategy and its translation into patient benefit is the need for a greater emphasis on health policy and systems research, including implementation science, so that the innovative technological outputs from cancer research have a clear pathway to delivery. This European cancer research Commission has identified 12 key recommendations within a call to action to reimagine cancer research and its implementation in Europe. We hope this call to action will help to achieve our ambitious 70:35 target: 70% average 10-year survival for all European cancer patients by 2035.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Lawler
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
| | - Lynne Davies
- International Cancer Research Partnership, International House, Cardiff, UK
| | - Simon Oberst
- Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kathy Oliver
- International Brain Tumour Alliance, Tadworth, UK; European Cancer Organisation Patient Advisory Committee, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alexander Eggermont
- Faculty of Medicine, Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands; Princess Máxima Centrum, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anna Schmutz
- International Agency for Cancer Research, Lyon, France
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Allemani
- Cancer Survival Group, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Yolande Lievens
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Naredi
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tanja Cufer
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ajay Aggarwal
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Institute of Cancer Policy, King's College London, London, UK; Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Matti Aapro
- Genolier Cancer Center, Genolier, Switzerland
| | - Kathi Apostolidis
- Hellenic Cancer Federation, Athens, Greece; European Cancer Patient Coalition, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- Lung Cancer Europe, Bern, Switzerland; Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fatima Cardoso
- Champalimaud Clinical Center/Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreas Charalambous
- European Cancer Organisation Brussels, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Nursing, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus; Department of Oncology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Michel P Coleman
- Cancer Survival Group, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | | | - Csaba L Dégi
- Faculty of Sociology and Social Work, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Federica Di Nicolantonio
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Sema Erdem
- European Cancer Organisation Patient Advisory Committee, Europa Donna, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Marius Geanta
- Centre for Innovation in Medicine and Kol Medical Media, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Jan Geissler
- Patvocates and CML Advocates Network, Leukaemie-Online (LeukaNET), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Beata Jagielska
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Daniel Kelly
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Olaf Kelm
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Tezer Kutluk
- Faculty of Medicine & Cancer Institute, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Grant Lewison
- Institute of Cancer Policy, School of Cancer Sciences, Kings College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Thierry Philip
- Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, Brussels, Belgium; Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Richard Price
- European Cancer Organisation Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Beate Rau
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Peter Selby
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | | | - Jolanda C van Hoeve
- Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, Brussels, Belgium; Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Eduard Vrdoljak
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Center Split, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Willien Westerhuis
- Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, Brussels, Belgium; Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Richard Sullivan
- Institute of Cancer Policy, School of Cancer Sciences, Kings College London, London, UK
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11
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Barr MP, Baird AM, Halliday S, Martin P, Allott EH, Phelan J, Korpanty G, Coate L, O’Brien C, Gray SG, Sui JSY, Hayes B, Cuffe S, Finn SP. Liquid Biopsy: A Multi-Parametric Analysis of Mutation Status, Circulating Tumor Cells and Inflammatory Markers in EGFR-Mutated NSCLC. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12102360. [PMID: 36292049 PMCID: PMC9600124 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12102360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The liquid biopsy has the potential to improve patient care in the diagnostic and therapeutic setting in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Consented patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) positive disease (n = 21) were stratified into two cohorts: those currently receiving EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy (n = 9) and newly diagnosed EGFR TKI treatment-naïve patients (n = 12). Plasma genotyping of cell-free DNA was carried out using the FDA-approved cobas® EGFR mutation test v2 and compared to next generation sequencing (NGS) cfDNA panels. Circulating tumor cell (CTC) numbers were correlated with treatment response and EGFR exon 20 p.T790M. The prognostic significance of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was also investigated. Patients in cohort 1 with an EGFR exon 20 p.T790M mutation progressed more rapidly than those with an EGFR sensitizing mutation, while patients in cohort 2 had a significantly longer progression-free survival (p = 0.04). EGFR exon 20 p.T790M was detected by liquid biopsy prior to disease progression indicated by computed tomography (CT) imaging. The cobas® EGFR mutation test detected a significantly greater number of exon 20 p.T790M mutations (p = 0.05). High NLR and derived neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (dNLR) were associated with shorter time to progression and worse survival outcomes (p < 0.05). High LDH levels were significantly associated with shorter time to disease progression (p = 0.03). These data support the use of liquid biopsy for monitoring EGFR mutations and inflammatory markers as prognostic indicators in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin P. Barr
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, St James’s Hospital, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-1-8963620
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sophia Halliday
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Petra Martin
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, St James’s Hospital, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Midlands Regional Hospital, R35 NY51 Tullamore, Ireland
| | - Emma H. Allott
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - James Phelan
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
| | - Greg Korpanty
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Limerick, V94 F858 Limerick, Ireland
| | - Linda Coate
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Limerick, V94 F858 Limerick, Ireland
| | - Cathal O’Brien
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, St James’s Hospital, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
| | - Steven G. Gray
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, St James’s Hospital, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jane S. Y. Sui
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, St James’s Hospital, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian Hayes
- Department of Histopathology, Cork University Hospital, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland
- Department of Pathology, University College Cork, T12 DC4A Cork, Ireland
| | - Sinead Cuffe
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, St James’s Hospital, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medical Oncology, St James’s Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen P. Finn
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, St James’s Hospital, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Histopathology, St James’s Hospital, D08 RX0X Dublin, Ireland
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12
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Racovita M, Wheeler E, Wait S, Albreht T, Baird AM, Jassem J, McNamara A, Novello S, Radu-Loghin C, van Meerbeeck JP. The need for a comprehensive and integrated approach to lung cancer policy in Europe. Eur J Cancer 2022; 175:54-59. [PMID: 36088672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Europe. Europe's Beating Cancer Plan calls for a comprehensive approach to the disease in general but not specifically to lung cancer. Such a comprehensive approach, integrating efforts to strengthen anti-tobacco policies, early detection and underlying models of care, is sorely needed for lung cancer - particularly considering disruptions to care during the COVID-19 pandemic. In a recently published think piece, a multidisciplinary group of experts proposed four key policy priority areas. First, to reduce stigma and improve awareness of potential symptoms, there is a need to foster a better understanding of lung cancer - among the public and healthcare professionals. Second, opportunities for early detection should be enhanced, and the implementation of targeted screening through low-dose computed tomography should be encouraged as a complement to smoking cessation services. This complementarity should be recognised and built into joint policy proposals, with development and better integration of screening and smoking cessation programmes on the ground. Third, the socioeconomic inequalities underpinning disparities in outcomes in people with lung cancer must be addressed, with targeted approaches to overcome barriers to access Finally, the overall quality of lung cancer care must be improved, making multidisciplinary care available to all and ensuring survivorship is given due attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Racovita
- The Health Policy Partnerships, 68-69 St Martin's Lane, London WC2N 4JS, United Kingdom.
| | - Eleanor Wheeler
- The Health Policy Partnerships, 68-69 St Martin's Lane, London WC2N 4JS, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne Wait
- The Health Policy Partnerships, 68-69 St Martin's Lane, London WC2N 4JS, United Kingdom
| | - Tit Albreht
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Vrazov Trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, College Green Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Jacek Jassem
- Medical University of Gdańsk, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Aoife McNamara
- Irish Cancer Society, 43 - 45 Northumberland Road, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Silvia Novello
- University of Turin, Department of Oncology, AOU San Luigi, Via Verdi, 8 - 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Cornel Radu-Loghin
- European Network for Smoking and Tobacco Prevention, Chaussée D'Ixelles 144, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jan P van Meerbeeck
- Department of Pulmonology & Thoracic Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
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13
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Keogh A, Ryan L, Nur MM, Baird AM, Nicholson S, Cuffe S, Fitzmaurice GJ, Ryan R, Young VK, Finn SP, Gray SG. USO1 expression is dysregulated in non-small cell lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2022; 11:1877-1895. [PMID: 36248341 PMCID: PMC9554690 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-22-230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background USO1 vesicle transport factor (USO1) is a vesicular transport factor crucial for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to Golgi transport and is required for transcytotic fusion and subsequent binding of the vesicles to the target membrane. USO1 has been studied in multiple cancers revealing high levels of expression and exerting its oncogenic role by increasing cell proliferation and evasion of apoptosis. Furthermore, multiple studies have implicated dysregulation of the Erk signalling pathway in the involvement of USO1 in multiple cancers. Overall survival (OS) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains low despite recent advances in treatments which are mainly due to the late stage of diagnosis and a significant cohort of patients lacking an available targeted therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate USO1 expression in NSCLC. Methods An in-house NSCLC tissue microarray (TMA) comprising (n=204 patients) was stained for USO1. Scoring intensity (H score) was used to interrogate for correlations between USO1 expression and established prognostic factors, and OS. Further evaluation of the expression of USO1 in NSCLC was done using multiple online datasets including Lung Cancer Explorer (LCE), UALCAN, GEPIA, KM plotter, TIMER2 and MuTarget. Results USO1, when highly expressed in lung adenocarcinomas (LUADs) leads to a significantly increased OS (P=0.028). There was no significant correlation between age, smoking status, lymph node status, tumour subgroup and stage. USO1 was significantly higher in patients with tumour size <5 cm compared to those ≥5 cm (P=0.016). Overexpression in LUAD occurred at an early stage being significantly upregulated in Stage 1 and N0 tumours. USO1’s first neighbours, also involved in ER-Golgi transport have altered expression in LUAD and significantly impact overall survival. Overexpression occurred independently of commonly mutated genes in NSCLC and had no correlation with changes in the TME. Conclusions This study highlights the importance of USO1 and ER-Golgi vesicular transport system in LUAD. USO1 overexpression occurs as an early event in LUAD and independently of commonly mutated genes in NSCLC and therefore may represent an attractive diagnostic biomarker as well as a potential target for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Keogh
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Pathology, Central Pathology Laboratory, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lisa Ryan
- Department of Histopathology, Labmed Directorate, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mutaz M. Nur
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Pathology, Central Pathology Laboratory, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Division of Pathology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Waterford, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Pathology, Central Pathology Laboratory, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Siobhan Nicholson
- Department of Histopathology, Labmed Directorate, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sinéad Cuffe
- HOPE Directorate, St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gerard J. Fitzmaurice
- Surgery, Anaesthesia and Critical Care Directorate, St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ronan Ryan
- Surgery, Anaesthesia and Critical Care Directorate, St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Vincent K. Young
- Surgery, Anaesthesia and Critical Care Directorate, St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen P. Finn
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Pathology, Central Pathology Laboratory, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics, Labmed Directorate, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Steven G. Gray
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Pathology, Central Pathology Laboratory, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biological Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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14
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Baird AM. Re-engaging EU citizens with national screening programmes and cancer diagnosis post-pandemic. Lancet Oncol 2022; 23:566-567. [PMID: 35489337 PMCID: PMC9045743 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(22)00090-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Baird
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, D08 W9RT, Ireland.
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15
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Racovita M, Wheeler E, Wait S, Bancroft D, Eastabrook R, Albreht T, Baird AM, Jassem J, McNamara A, Novello S, Radu-Loghin C, van Meerbeeck JP. Lung cancer in Europe: The way forward. Tob Prev Cessat 2022; 8:06. [PMID: 35233474 PMCID: PMC8845476 DOI: 10.18332/tpc/146645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Suzanne Wait
- The Health Policy Partnership, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dani Bancroft
- The Health Policy Partnership, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tit Albreht
- Department of Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- National Institute of Public Health of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- Lung Cancer Europe, Bern, Switzerland
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Aoife McNamara
- Global Lung Cancer Coalition, Dublin, Ireland
- Irish Cancer Society, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Silvia Novello
- Women Against Lung Cancer in Europe, Turin, Italy
- Department of Oncology, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Jan P. van Meerbeeck
- European Cancer Organisation, Brussels, Belgium
- European Respiratory Society, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Oncology Department, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
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16
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Basu Roy U, Baird AM, Ciupek A, Fox J, Manley E, Norris, XX K, Scagliotti GV, Wakelee HA, Mitsudomi T, Clark RC, Arndt R, Hirsch FR, Bunn PA, Smeltzer MP. Impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic on Global Lung Cancer Clinical Trials: Why It Matters to People With Lung Cancer. JTO Clin Res Rep 2022; 3:100269. [PMID: 34961851 PMCID: PMC8695593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2021.100269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew Ciupek
- GO2 Foundation for Lung Cancer, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jesme Fox
- Roy Castle Lung Cancer Foundation, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Renee Arndt
- Cancer Technology Applications, LLC, San Diego, California
| | - Fred R. Hirsch
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Paul A. Bunn
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Matthew P. Smeltzer
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee
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17
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McNevin CS, Cadoo K, Baird AM, Murchan P, Sheils O, McDermott R, Finn S. Pathogenic BRCA Variants as Biomarkers for Risk in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225697. [PMID: 34830851 PMCID: PMC8616097 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Historically, the treatment of prostate cancer was a blanket approach for all. Prostate cancer has not benefitted from targeted treatments based on specific tumour characteristics (ie. Particular genetic or molecular patterns) the way other cancers have. This is important as studies have shown that prostate cancer patients with certain errors in their genes, such as BRCA2 or BRCA1, are more likely to have worse disease and poorer outcome. These patients can be treated successfully with a group of drugs called ‘PARP inhibitors’. This paper examines the prognostic, clinical and therapeutic role of BRCA2/BRCA1 mutations across the evolution of PCa. The impact of the inclusion of BRCA genes on genetic screening will also be outlined. Abstract Studies have demonstrated that men with Prostate Cancer (PCa) harboring BRCA2/BRCA1 genetic aberrations, are more likely to have worse disease and a poorer prognosis. A mutation in BRCA2 is known to confer the highest risk of PCa for men (8.6 fold in men ≤65 years) making BRCA genes a conceivable genomic biomarker for risk in PCa. These genes have attracted a lot of research attention however their role in the clinical assessment and treatment of PCa remains complex. Multiple studies have been published examining the relationship between prostate cancer and BRCA mutations. Here BRCA mutations are explored specifically as a biomarker for risk in PCa. It is in this context, we examined the prognostic, clinical and therapeutic role of BRCA2/BRCA1 mutations across the evolution of PCa. The impact of the inclusion of BRCA genes on genetic screening will also be outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara S. McNevin
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland; (C.S.M.); (P.M.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, St. James Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Karen Cadoo
- Department of Medical Oncology, St. James Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland;
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James Hospital, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland; (A.-M.B.); (O.S.)
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James Hospital, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland; (A.-M.B.); (O.S.)
| | - Pierre Murchan
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland; (C.S.M.); (P.M.)
- Science Foundation Ireland Centre for Research Training in Genomics Data Science, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, National University of Ireland, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Orla Sheils
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James Hospital, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland; (A.-M.B.); (O.S.)
| | - Ray McDermott
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tallaght University Hospital, D24 NR0A Dublin, Ireland;
- Department of Medical Oncology, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, D04 YN26 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen Finn
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland; (C.S.M.); (P.M.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, St. James Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland;
- Correspondence:
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18
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McDermott RS, Greene J, McCaffrey J, Parker I, Helanova S, Baird AM, Teiserskiene A, Lim M, Matthews H, Deignan O, Feeney J, Thirion PG, Finn SP, Kelly PJ. Radium-223 in combination with enzalutamide in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a multi-centre, phase II open-label study. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2021; 13:17588359211042691. [PMID: 34512801 PMCID: PMC8427915 DOI: 10.1177/17588359211042691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Radium-223 and enzalutamide are approved agents for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Combining radium-223 and enzalutamide to improve outcomes is of clinical interest due to their differing modes of action and non-overlapping toxicity profiles. Methods: This phase II study enrolled patients with mCRPC and bone metastases. Patients received six cycles of radium-223 in combination with enzalutamide, followed by enzalutamide alone. The primary endpoint was safety for the combination; secondary endpoints included radiographic/clinical progression-free survival (PFS), PSA PFS, overall survival (OS), change in alkaline phosphatase, patient-reported pain outcomes and skeletal related events. Results: Forty-five patients received the combination treatment: 42 patients (93.3%) received all six cycles. Fourteen patients (31.1%) developed grade 3 or 4 toxicities, most commonly fatigue and neutropaenia. Fractures during the combination period occurred in four patients (8.9%). A further 13 patients (28.9%) developed fractures after completing combination treatment, giving a total of 17 patients (37.8%) who developed a fracture at any time on study. The median time to fracture was greater than 17.2 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 17.2–not estimable]. The median time to PSA progression was 18.1 months (95% CI, 12.68–22.60) and the median time to radiological/clinical progression was 28.0 months (95% CI, 22.54–not reached). At the primary analysis, 19 (42.2%) out of 45 patients had died with a median OS not reached (mean 34.8 months, standard error 1.4). Conclusion: In men with progressive mCRPC and bone metastases, the combination of radium-223 and enzalutamide was tolerable with the majority of patients completing the combination treatment. Bone fractures during the combination period were uncommon; however, we did identify a higher incidence of fractures occurring in patients after completing combination treatment. Bone health agents should be administered and bone health should be closely monitored following treatment with radium-223 and enzalutamide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Greene
- Cancer Trials Ireland, Innovation House, Glasnevin, Dublin 8, IrelandTallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
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Brady L, Carlsson J, Baird AM, Casey O, Vlajnic T, Murchan P, Cormican D, Costigan D, Gray S, Sheils O, O'Neill A, Watson RW, Andren O, Finn S. Correlation of integrated ERG/PTEN assessment with biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2021; 29:100451. [PMID: 34507017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate cancer is a heterogeneous disease, with a complex molecular landscape that evolves throughout disease progression. Common alterations in genes such as ERG and PTEN have been attributed to worse prognosis. This study aimed to further examine the clinical relevance of PTEN and ERG expression in a cohort of patients with prostate cancer post radical prostatectomy. METHODS Tissue microarrays were constructed from 132 patients with prostate cancer from the Irish Prostate Cancer Research Consortium and University Hospital of Orebro, Sweden. Patients were divided into three groups - Group 1: biochemical recurrence, Group 2: no biochemical recurrence and Group 3: immediate progression after surgery. PTEN and ERG immunohistochemical analysis was performed and the association between expression levels and clinical parameters were compared. RESULTS Pathological stage pT3 tumours were more common at borderline significantly higher levels amongst patients who biochemically recurred when compared to patients who did not recur after radical prostatectomy (p = 0.05). ERG and PTEN expression levels were compared separately and concurrently across all three patient groups. Lack of ERG expression was strongly associated with immediate progression after surgery (p = 0.029). Loss of/low PTEN trended towards an association with immediate progression, however this was not statistically significant (p = 0.066). CONCLUSION In this study, negative ERG expression was strongly associated with immediate biochemical progression after radical prostatectomy. Moreover, a trend towards a relationship between aberrant PTEN expression and progression was observed. Additional studies with long-term follow up data may provide further clinical insight into the genomic heterogeneity in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Brady
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jessica Carlsson
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Orebro, Sweden
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Orla Casey
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tatjana Vlajnic
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Murchan
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Cormican
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Danielle Costigan
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Steven Gray
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Orla Sheils
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Amanda O'Neill
- UCD School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R William Watson
- UCD School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ove Andren
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Orebro, Sweden
| | - Stephen Finn
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Histopathology, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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Silva R, Moran B, Baird AM, O'Rourke CJ, Finn SP, McDermott R, Watson W, Gallagher WM, Brennan DJ, Perry AS. Longitudinal analysis of individual cfDNA methylome patterns in metastatic prostate cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:168. [PMID: 34454584 PMCID: PMC8403420 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01155-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Disease progression and therapeutic resistance are hallmarks of advanced stage prostate cancer (PCa), which remains a major cause of cancer-related mortality around the world. Longitudinal studies, coupled with the use of liquid biopsies, offer a potentially new and minimally invasive platform to study the dynamics of tumour progression. Our aim was to investigate the dynamics of personal DNA methylomic profiles of metastatic PCa (mPCa) patients, during disease progression and therapy administration. Results Forty-eight plasma samples from 9 mPCa patients were collected, longitudinally, over 13–21 months. After circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) isolation, DNA methylation was profiled using the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip. The top 5% most variable probes across time, within each individual, were utilised to study dynamic methylation patterns during disease progression and therapeutic response. Statistical testing was carried out to identify differentially methylated genes (DMGs) in cfDNA, which were subsequently validated in two independent mPCa (cfDNA and FFPE tissue) cohorts. Individual cfDNA global methylation patterns were temporally stable throughout the disease course. However, a proportion of CpG sites presented a dynamic temporal pattern that was consistent with clinical events, including different therapies, and were prominently associated with genes linked to immune response pathways. Additionally, study of the tumour fraction of cfDNA identified > 2000 DMGs with dynamic methylation patterns. Conclusions Longitudinal assessment of cfDNA methylation in mPCa patients unveiled dynamic patterns associated with disease progression and therapy administration, thus highlighting the potential of using liquid biopsies to study PCa evolution at a methylomic level. ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13148-021-01155-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Silva
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Biology and Environmental Science, Science West, O'Brien Science Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bruce Moran
- Department of Pathology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colm J O'Rourke
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephen P Finn
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Histopathology, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ray McDermott
- Cancer Trials Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Medical Oncology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - William Watson
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - William M Gallagher
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Donal J Brennan
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Antoinette S Perry
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. .,School of Biology and Environmental Science, Science West, O'Brien Science Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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21
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Di Capua D, Bracken-Clarke D, Ronan K, Baird AM, Finn S. The Liquid Biopsy for Lung Cancer: State of the Art, Limitations and Future Developments. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13163923. [PMID: 34439082 PMCID: PMC8391249 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary During the development and progression of lung tumors, processes such as necrosis and vascular invasion shed tumor cells or cellular components into various fluid compartments. Liquid biopsies consist of obtaining a bodily fluid, typically peripheral blood, in order to isolate and investigate these shed tumor constituents. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are one such constituent, which can be isolated from blood and can act as a diagnostic aid and provide valuable prognostic information. Liquid-based biopsies may also have a potential future role in lung cancer screening. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is found in small quantities in blood and, with the recent development of sensitive molecular and sequencing technologies, can be used to directly detect actionable genetic alterations or monitor for resistance mutations and guide clinical management. While potential benefits of liquid biopsies are promising, they are not without limitations. In this review, we summarize the current state and limitations of CTCs and ctDNA and possible future directions. Abstract Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths, contributing to 18.4% of cancer deaths globally. Treatment of non-small cell lung carcinoma has seen rapid progression with targeted therapies tailored to specific genetic drivers. However, identifying genetic alterations can be difficult due to lack of tissue, inaccessible tumors and the risk of complications for the patient with serial tissue sampling. The liquid biopsy provides a minimally invasive method which can obtain circulating biomarkers shed from the tumor and could be a safer alternative to tissue biopsy. While tissue biopsy remains the gold standard, liquid biopsies could be very beneficial where serial sampling is required, such as monitoring disease progression or development of resistance mutations to current targeted therapies. Liquid biopsies also have a potential role in identifying patients at risk of relapse post treatment and as a component of future lung cancer screening protocols. Rapid developments have led to multiple platforms for isolating circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and detecting circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA); however, standardization is lacking, especially in lung carcinoma. Additionally, clonal hematopoiesis of uncertain clinical significance must be taken into consideration in genetic sequencing, as it introduces the potential for false positives. Various biomarkers have been investigated in liquid biopsies; however, in this review, we will concentrate on the current use of ctDNA and CTCs, focusing on the clinical relevance, current and possible future applications and limitations of each.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Di Capua
- Department of Histopathology, St. James’s Hospital, D08NHY1 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Dara Bracken-Clarke
- Department of Medical Oncology, St. James’ Hospital, D08NHY1 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Karine Ronan
- Faculty of Medicine, University College Dublin, D04V1W8 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College, D02PN40 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Stephen Finn
- Department of Histopathology, St. James’s Hospital, D08NHY1 Dublin, Ireland;
- Correspondence:
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22
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Murchan P, Ó’Brien C, O’Connell S, McNevin CS, Baird AM, Sheils O, Ó Broin P, Finn SP. Deep Learning of Histopathological Features for the Prediction of Tumour Molecular Genetics. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:1406. [PMID: 34441338 PMCID: PMC8393642 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11081406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced diagnostics are enabling cancer treatments to become increasingly tailored to the individual through developments in immunotherapies and targeted therapies. However, long turnaround times and high costs of molecular testing hinder the widespread implementation of targeted cancer treatments. Meanwhile, gold-standard histopathological assessment carried out by a trained pathologist is widely regarded as routine and mandatory in most cancers. Recently, methods have been developed to mine hidden information from histopathological slides using deep learning applied to scanned and digitized slides; deep learning comprises a collection of computational methods which learn patterns in data in order to make predictions. Such methods have been reported to be successful in a variety of cancers for predicting the presence of biomarkers such as driver mutations, tumour mutational burden, and microsatellite instability. This information could prove valuable to pathologists and oncologists in clinical decision making for cancer treatment and triage for in-depth sequencing. In addition to identifying molecular features, deep learning has been applied to predict prognosis and treatment response in certain cancers. Despite reported successes, many challenges remain before the clinical implementation of such diagnostic strategies in the clinical setting is possible. This review aims to outline recent developments in the field of deep learning for predicting molecular genetics from histopathological slides, as well as to highlight limitations and pitfalls of working with histopathology slides in deep learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Murchan
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland; (P.M.); (C.Ó.); (C.S.M.)
| | - Cathal Ó’Brien
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland; (P.M.); (C.Ó.); (C.S.M.)
- Department of Histopathology, St James’s Hospital, P.O. Box 580, James’s Street, D08 X4RX Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shane O’Connell
- School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Applied Mathematics, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (S.O.); (P.Ó.B.)
| | - Ciara S. McNevin
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland; (P.M.); (C.Ó.); (C.S.M.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, St James’s Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 A440 Dublin, Ireland; (A.-M.B.); (O.S.)
| | - Orla Sheils
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 A440 Dublin, Ireland; (A.-M.B.); (O.S.)
| | - Pilib Ó Broin
- School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Applied Mathematics, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (S.O.); (P.Ó.B.)
| | - Stephen P. Finn
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland; (P.M.); (C.Ó.); (C.S.M.)
- Department of Histopathology, St James’s Hospital, P.O. Box 580, James’s Street, D08 X4RX Dublin, Ireland
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Brennan S, Baird AM, O’Regan E, Sheils O. The Role of Human Papilloma Virus in Dictating Outcomes in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:677900. [PMID: 34250016 PMCID: PMC8262095 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.677900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is an oncogenic virus which is associated with the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), predominantly within the oropharynx. Approximately 25% of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) cases worldwide are attributable to HPV infection, with an estimated 65% in the United States. Transmission is via exposure during sexual contact, with distinctive anatomical features of the tonsils providing this organ with a predilection for infection by HPV. No premalignant lesion is identifiable on clinical examination, thus no comparative histological features to denote the stages of carcinogenesis for HPV driven HNSCC are identifiable. This is in contrast to HPV-driven cervical carcinoma, making screening a challenge for the head and neck region. However, HPV proffers a favorable prognosis in the head and neck region, with better overall survival rates in contrast to its HPV negative counterparts. This has resulted in extensive research into de-intensifying therapies aiming to minimize the morbidity induced by standard concurrent chemo-radiotherapy without compromising efficacy. Despite the favorable prognosis, cases of recurrence and/or metastasis of HPV positive HNSCC do occur, and are linked with poor outcomes. HPV 16 is the most frequent genotype identified in HNSCC, yet there is limited research to date studying the impact of other HPV genotype with respect to overall survival. A similar situation pertains to genetic aberrations associated in those with HPV positive HNSCC who recur, with only four published studies to date. Somatic mutations in TSC2, BRIP1, NBN, TACC3, NFE2l2, STK11, HRAS, PIK3R1, TP63, and FAT1 have been identified in recurrent HPV positive OPSCC. Finding alternative therapeutic strategies for this young cohort may depend on upfront identification of HPV genotypes and mutations which are linked with worse outcomes, thus ensuring appropriate stratification of treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Brennan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Esther O’Regan
- Department of Histopathology, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Orla Sheils
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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25
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Ryan SL, Dave KA, Beard S, Gyimesi M, McTaggart M, Sahin KB, Molloy C, Gandhi NS, Boittier E, O'Leary CG, Shah ET, Bolderson E, Baird AM, Richard DJ, O'Byrne KJ, Adams MN. Identification of Proteins Deregulated by Platinum-Based Chemotherapy as Novel Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:615967. [PMID: 33777753 PMCID: PMC7991912 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.615967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapy remains the cornerstone of treatment for most people with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), either as adjuvant therapy in combination with a second cytotoxic agent or in combination with immunotherapy. Resistance to therapy, either in the form of primary refractory disease or evolutionary resistance, remains a significant issue in the treatment of NSCLC. Hence, predictive biomarkers and novel combinational strategies are required to improve the effectiveness and durability of treatment response 6for people with NSCLC. The aim of this study was to identify novel biomarkers and/or druggable proteins from deregulated protein networks within non-oncogene driven disease that are involved in the cellular response to cisplatin. Following exposure of NSCLC cells to cisplatin, in vitro quantitative mass spectrometry was applied to identify altered protein response networks. A total of 65 proteins were significantly deregulated following cisplatin exposure. These proteins were assessed to determine if they are druggable targets using novel machine learning approaches and to identify whether these proteins might serve as prognosticators of platinum therapy. Our data demonstrate novel candidates and drug-like molecules warranting further investigation to improve response to platinum agents in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Louise Ryan
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Keyur A Dave
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Sam Beard
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Martina Gyimesi
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Matthew McTaggart
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Katherine B Sahin
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Christopher Molloy
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Neha S Gandhi
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Eric Boittier
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Connor G O'Leary
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.,Cancer Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Esha T Shah
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Emma Bolderson
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Labmed Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Derek J Richard
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Kenneth J O'Byrne
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.,Cancer Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.,Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Labmed Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark N Adams
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
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26
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Oner E, Kotmakci M, Baird AM, Gray SG, Debelec Butuner B, Bozkurt E, Kantarci AG, Finn SP. Development of EphA2 siRNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles and combination with a small-molecule histone demethylase inhibitor in prostate cancer cells and tumor spheroids. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:71. [PMID: 33685469 PMCID: PMC7938557 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00781-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND siRNAs hold a great potential for cancer therapy, however, poor stability in body fluids and low cellular uptake limit their use in the clinic. To enhance the bioavailability of siRNAs in tumors, novel, safe, and effective carriers are needed. RESULTS Here, we developed cationic solid lipid nanoparticles (cSLNs) to carry siRNAs targeting EphA2 receptor tyrosine kinase (siEphA2), which is overexpressed in many solid tumors including prostate cancer. Using DDAB cationic lipid instead of DOTMA reduced nanoparticle size and enhanced both cellular uptake and gene silencing in prostate cancer cells. DDAB-cSLN showed better cellular uptake efficiency with similar silencing compared to commercial transfection reagent (Dharmafect 2). After verifying the efficacy of siEphA2-loaded nanoparticles, we further evaluated a potential combination with a histone lysine demethylase inhibitor, JIB-04. Silencing EphA2 by siEphA2-loaded DDAB-cSLN did not affect the viability (2D or 3D culture), migration, nor clonogenicity of PC-3 cells alone. However, upon co-administration with JIB-04, there was a decrease in cellular responses. Furthermore, JIB-04 decreased EphA2 expression, and thus, silencing by siEphA2-loaded nanoparticles was further increased with co-treatment. CONCLUSIONS We have successfully developed a novel siRNA-loaded lipid nanoparticle for targeting EphA2. Moreover, preliminary results of the effects of JIB-04, alone and in combination with siEphA2, on prostate cancer cells and prostate cancer tumor spheroids were presented for the first time. Our delivery system provides high transfection efficiency and shows great promise for targeting other genes and cancer types in further in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Oner
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Sir Patrick Dun Translational Research Lab, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Balatcik, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kotmakci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Sir Patrick Dun Translational Research Lab, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Steven G Gray
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bilge Debelec Butuner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Emir Bozkurt
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Izmir University of Economics, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayse Gulten Kantarci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Stephen P Finn
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Sir Patrick Dun Translational Research Lab, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. .,Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. .,Department of Histopathology, Labmed Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. .,Cancer Molecular Diagnostics, Labmed Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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Greene J, Baird AM, Lim M, Flynn J, McNevin C, Brady L, Sheils O, Gray SG, McDermott R, Finn SP. Differential CircRNA Expression Signatures May Serve as Potential Novel Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:605686. [PMID: 33718350 PMCID: PMC7946979 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.605686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a recently discovered non-coding RNA, have a number of functions including the regulation of miRNA expression. They have been detected in a number of malignancies including prostate cancer (PCa). The differential expression pattern of circRNAs associated with PCa and androgen receptor (AR) status was investigated in this study. circRNA profiling was performed using a high throughout microarray assay on a panel of prostate cell lines, which consisted of normal, benign, and malignant cells (n = 9). circRNAs were more commonly significantly up-regulated (p < 0.05) than downregulated in malignant cell lines (n = 3,409) vs. benign cell lines (n = 2,949). In a grouped analysis based on AR status, there were 2,127 down-regulated circRNAs in androgen independent cell lines compared to 2,236 in androgen dependent cell lines, thus identifying a potential circRNA signature reflective of androgen dependency. Through a bioinformatics approach, the parental genes associated with the top 10 differentially expressed circRNAs were identified such as hsa_circ_0064644, whose predicted parental gene target is RBMS3, and hsa_circ_0060539, whose predicted gene target is SDC4. Furthermore, we identified three circRNAs associated with the parental gene Caprin1 (hsa_circ_0021652, hsa_circ_0000288, and hsa_circ_0021647). Other studies have shown the importance of Caprin1 in PCa cell survival and drug resistance. Given the modified circRNA expression signatures identified here, these hypothesis generating results suggest that circRNAs may serve as potential putative diagnostic and predictive markers in PCa. However, further validation studies are required to assess the true potential of these markers in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Greene
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Medical Oncology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marvin Lim
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Medical Oncology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joshua Flynn
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ciara McNevin
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Medical Oncology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lauren Brady
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Orla Sheils
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Steven G Gray
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.,Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Raymond McDermott
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Medical Oncology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen P Finn
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.,Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Histopathology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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28
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McNevin CS, Baird AM, McDermott R, Finn SP. Diagnostic Strategies for Treatment Selection in Advanced Prostate Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:345. [PMID: 33669657 PMCID: PMC7922176 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11020345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate Cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among men worldwide. For most men with PCa, their disease will follow an indolent course. However, advanced PCa is associated with poor outcomes. There has been an advent of new therapeutic options with proven efficacy for advanced PCa in the last decade which has improved survival outcomes for men with this disease. Despite this, advanced PCa continues to be associated with a high rate of death. There is a lack of strong evidence guiding the timing and sequence of these novel treatment strategies. This paper focuses on a review of the strategies for diagnostic and the current evidence available for treatment selection in advanced PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara S. McNevin
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland;
- Department of Medical Oncology, St. James Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 A440 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Ray McDermott
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tallaght University Hospital, D24 NR0A Dublin, Ireland;
- Department of Medical Oncology, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, D04 YN26 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen P. Finn
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland;
- Department of Histopathology, St. James’s Hospital, P.O. Box 580, James’s Street, D08 X4RX Dublin, Ireland
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29
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Dinneen K, Baird AM, Ryan C, Sheils O. The Role of Cancer Stem Cells in Drug Resistance in Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:600373. [PMID: 33628765 PMCID: PMC7897661 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.600373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinomas (GEJA) have dramatically increased in incidence in the western world since the mid-20th century. Their prognosis is poor, and conventional anti-cancer therapies do not significantly improve survival outcomes. These tumours are comprised of a heterogenous population of both cancer stem cells (CSC) and non-CSCs, with the former playing a crucial role in tumorigenesis, metastasis and importantly drug resistance. Due to the ability of CSCs to self-replicate indefinitely, their resistance to anti-cancer therapies poses a significant barrier to effective treatment of GEJA. Ongoing drug development programmes aim to target and eradicate CSCs, however their characterisation and thus identification is difficult. CSC regulation is complex, involving an array of signalling pathways, which are in turn influenced by a number of entities including epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), microRNAs (miRNAs), the tumour microenvironment and epigenetic modifications. Identification of CSCs commonly relies on the expression of specific cell surface markers, yet these markers vary between different malignancies and indeed are often co-expressed in non-neoplastic tissues. Development of targeted drug therapies against CSCs thus requires an understanding of disease-specific CSC markers and regulatory mechanisms. This review details the current knowledge regarding CSCs in GEJA, with particular emphasis on their role in drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Dinneen
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Histopathology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ciara Ryan
- Department of Histopathology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Orla Sheils
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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30
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Baird AM, Finn SP, Gray SG, Sheils O. Epigenetic Modifier UHRF1 May Be a Potential Target in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. J Thorac Oncol 2021; 16:14-16. [PMID: 33384056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Baird
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Stephen P Finn
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Histopathology. St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Steven G Gray
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland; LabMed Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Orla Sheils
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland
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31
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Brady L, Hayes B, Sheill G, Baird AM, Guinan E, Stanfill B, Vlajnic T, Casey O, Murphy V, Greene J, Allott EH, Hussey J, Cahill F, Van Hemelrijck M, Peat N, Mucci L, Cunningham M, Grogan L, Lynch T, Manecksha RP, McCaffrey J, O’Donnell D, Sheils O, O’Leary J, Rudman S, McDermott R, Finn S. Platelet cloaking of circulating tumour cells in patients with metastatic prostate cancer: Results from ExPeCT, a randomised controlled trial. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243928. [PMID: 33338056 PMCID: PMC7748139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) represent a morphologically distinct subset of cancer cells, which aid the metastatic spread. The ExPeCT trial aimed to examine the effectiveness of a structured exercise programme in modulating levels of CTCs and platelet cloaking in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Methods Participants (n = 61) were randomised into either standard care (control) or exercise arms. Whole blood was collected for all participants at baseline (T0), three months (T3) and six months (T6), and analysed for the presence of CTCs, CTC clusters and platelet cloaking. CTC data was correlated with clinico-pathological information. Results Changes in CTC number were observed within group over time, however no significant difference in CTC number was observed between groups over time. Platelet cloaking was identified in 29.5% of participants. A positive correlation between CTC number and white cell count (WCC) was observed (p = 0.0001), in addition to a positive relationship between CTC clusters and PSA levels (p = 0.0393). Conclusion The presence of platelet cloaking has been observed in this patient population for the first time, in addition to a significant correlation between CTC number and WCC. Trial registration ClincalTrials.gov identifier NCT02453139.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Brady
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian Hayes
- Department of Histopathology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Pathology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gráinne Sheill
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emer Guinan
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bryan Stanfill
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
| | - Tatjana Vlajnic
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - John Greene
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emma H. Allott
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Juliette Hussey
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fidelma Cahill
- King’s College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Translational Oncology and Urology (TOUR), London, United Kingdom
| | - Mieke Van Hemelrijck
- King’s College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Translational Oncology and Urology (TOUR), London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Peat
- Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lorelei Mucci
- Harvard T.H. Chan school of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Moya Cunningham
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St Luke’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Liam Grogan
- Department of Oncology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thomas Lynch
- Department of Urology, St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rustom P. Manecksha
- Department of Urology, St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John McCaffrey
- Department of Oncology, Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Orla Sheils
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John O’Leary
- Department of Histopathology, St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah Rudman
- Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ray McDermott
- Department of Oncology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen Finn
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Cancer Trials Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Histopathology, St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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32
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Berghmans T, Lievens Y, Aapro M, Baird AM, Beishon M, Calabrese F, Dégi C, Delgado Bolton RC, Gaga M, Lövey J, Luciani A, Pereira P, Prosch H, Saar M, Shackcloth M, Tabak-Houwaard G, Costa A, Poortmans P. European Cancer Organisation Essential Requirements for Quality Cancer Care (ERQCC): Lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2020; 150:221-239. [PMID: 33227525 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
European Cancer Organisation Essential Requirements for Quality Cancer Care (ERQCC) are written by experts representing all disciplines involved in cancer care in Europe. They give patients, health professionals, managers and policymakers a guide to essential care throughout the patient journey. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality and has a wide variation in treatment and outcomes in Europe. It is a major healthcare burden and has complex diagnosis and treatment challenges. Care must only be carried out in lung cancer units or centres that have a core multidisciplinary team (MDT) and an extended team of health professionals detailed here. Such units are far from universal in European countries. To meet European aspirations for comprehensive cancer control, healthcare organisations must consider the requirements in this paper, paying particular attention to multidisciplinarity and patient-centred pathways from diagnosis, to treatment, to survivorship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Berghmans
- European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC); Thoracic Oncology Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yolande Lievens
- European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO); Radiation Oncology Department, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
| | - Matti Aapro
- European Cancer Organisation; Genolier Cancer Center, Genolier, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- European Cancer Organisation Patient Advisory Committee; Central Pathology Laboratory, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marc Beishon
- Cancer World, European School of Oncology (ESO), Milan, Italy.
| | - Fiorella Calabrese
- European Society of Pathology (ESP); Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova Medical School, Padova, Italy
| | - Csaba Dégi
- International Psycho-Oncology Society (IPOS); Faculty of Sociology and Social Work, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Roberto C Delgado Bolton
- European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM); Department of Diagnostic Imaging (Radiology) and Nuclear Medicine, San Pedro Hospital and Centre for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR); University of La Rioja, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Mina Gaga
- European Respiratory Society (ERS); 7th Respiratory Medicine Department, Athens Chest Hospital Sotiria, Athens, Greece
| | - József Lövey
- Organisation of European Cancer Institutes (OECI); National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Luciani
- International Society of Geriatric Oncology (SIOG); Medical Oncology, Ospedale S. Paolo, Milan, Italy
| | - Philippe Pereira
- Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe (CIRSE); Clinic for Radiology, Minimally-Invasive Therapies and Nuclear Medicine, SLK-Kliniken, Heilbronn, Germany
| | - Helmut Prosch
- European Society of Radiology (ESR); Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Marika Saar
- European Society of Oncology Pharmacy (ESOP); Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Michael Shackcloth
- European Society of Surgical Oncology (ESSO); Department of Thoracic Surgery, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Philip Poortmans
- European Cancer Organisation; Iridium Kankernetwerk and University of Antwerp, Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium
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33
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Kauczor HU, Baird AM, Blum TG, Bonomo L, Bostantzoglou C, Burghuber O, Čepická B, Comanescu A, Couraud S, Devaraj A, Jespersen V, Morozov S, Nardi Agmon I, Peled N, Powell P, Prosch H, Ravara S, Rawlinson J, Revel MP, Silva M, Snoeckx A, van Ginneken B, van Meerbeeck JP, Vardavas C, von Stackelberg O, Gaga M. ESR/ERS statement paper on lung cancer screening. Eur Respir J 2020; 55:13993003.00506-2019. [PMID: 32051182 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00506-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In Europe, lung cancer ranks third among the most common cancers, remaining the biggest killer. Since the publication of the first European Society of Radiology and European Respiratory Society joint white paper on lung cancer screening (LCS) in 2015, many new findings have been published and discussions have increased considerably. Thus, this updated expert opinion represents a narrative, non-systematic review of the evidence from LCS trials and description of the current practice of LCS as well as aspects that have not received adequate attention until now. Reaching out to the potential participants (persons at high risk), optimal communication and shared decision-making will be key starting points. Furthermore, standards for infrastructure, pathways and quality assurance are pivotal, including promoting tobacco cessation, benefits and harms, overdiagnosis, quality, minimum radiation exposure, definition of management of positive screen results and incidental findings linked to respective actions as well as cost-effectiveness. This requires a multidisciplinary team with experts from pulmonology and radiology as well as thoracic oncologists, thoracic surgeons, pathologists, family doctors, patient representatives and others. The ESR and ERS agree that Europe's health systems need to adapt to allow citizens to benefit from organised pathways, rather than unsupervised initiatives, to allow early diagnosis of lung cancer and reduce the mortality rate. Now is the time to set up and conduct demonstration programmes focusing, among other points, on methodology, standardisation, tobacco cessation, education on healthy lifestyle, cost-effectiveness and a central registry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Ulrich Kauczor
- Dept of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, German Center of Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- Central Pathology Laboratory, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Lorenzo Bonomo
- Dept of Radiology, Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Sébastien Couraud
- Service de Pneumologie et Oncologie Thoracique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, CH Lyon Sud, Pierre Bénite, France.,Faculté de Médecine et de Maïeutique Lyon Sud - Charles Mérieux, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Oullins, France
| | | | | | - Sergey Morozov
- Dept of Health Care of Moscow, Research and Practical Clinical Center of Diagnostics and Telemedicine Technologies, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Nir Peled
- Thoracic Cancer Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tiqwa, Israel
| | | | - Helmut Prosch
- Dept of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sofia Ravara
- Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilha, Portugal.,Tobacco Cessation Unit, CHCB University Hospital, Covilha, Portugal
| | | | | | - Mario Silva
- Section of Radiology, Dept of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Bram van Ginneken
- Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Dept of Radiology, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Constantine Vardavas
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,Center for Global Tobacco Control, Department of Society, Human Development and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Oyunbileg von Stackelberg
- Dept of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, German Center of Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mina Gaga
- 7th Respiratory Medicine Dept, Athens Chest Hospital Sotiria, Athens, Greece
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34
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Kauczor HU, Baird AM, Blum TG, Bonomo L, Bostantzoglou C, Burghuber O, Čepická B, Comanescu A, Couraud S, Devaraj A, Jespersen V, Morozov S, Agmon IN, Peled N, Powell P, Prosch H, Ravara S, Rawlinson J, Revel MP, Silva M, Snoeckx A, van Ginneken B, van Meerbeeck JP, Vardavas C, von Stackelberg O, Gaga M. ESR/ERS statement paper on lung cancer screening. Eur Radiol 2020; 30:3277-3294. [PMID: 32052170 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-06727-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In Europe, lung cancer ranks third among the most common cancers, remaining the biggest killer. Since the publication of the first European Society of Radiology and European Respiratory Society joint white paper on lung cancer screening (LCS) in 2015, many new findings have been published and discussions have increased considerably. Thus, this updated expert opinion represents a narrative, non-systematic review of the evidence from LCS trials and description of the current practice of LCS as well as aspects that have not received adequate attention until now. Reaching out to the potential participants (persons at high risk), optimal communication and shared decision-making will be key starting points. Furthermore, standards for infrastructure, pathways and quality assurance are pivotal, including promoting tobacco cessation, benefits and harms, overdiagnosis, quality, minimum radiation exposure, definition of management of positive screen results and incidental findings linked to respective actions as well as cost-effectiveness. This requires a multidisciplinary team with experts from pulmonology and radiology as well as thoracic oncologists, thoracic surgeons, pathologists, family doctors, patient representatives and others. The ESR and ERS agree that Europe's health systems need to adapt to allow citizens to benefit from organised pathways, rather than unsupervised initiatives, to allow early diagnosis of lung cancer and reduce the mortality rate. Now is the time to set up and conduct demonstration programmes focusing, among other points, on methodology, standardisation, tobacco cessation, education on healthy lifestyle, cost-effectiveness and a central registry.Key Points• Pulmonologists and radiologists both have key roles in the set up of multidisciplinary LCS teams with experts from many other fields.• Pulmonologists identify people eligible for LCS, reach out to family doctors, share the decision-making process and promote tobacco cessation.• Radiologists ensure appropriate image quality, minimum dose and a standardised reading/reporting algorithm, together with a clear definition of a "positive screen".• Strict algorithms define the exact management of screen-detected nodules and incidental findings.• For LCS to be (cost-)effective, it has to target a population defined by risk prediction models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Ulrich Kauczor
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, German Center of Lung Research, INF 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- Central Pathology Laboratory, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Lorenzo Bonomo
- Department of Radiology, Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Sébastien Couraud
- Service de Pneumologie et Oncologie Thoracique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Sud, Pierre Bénite, Lyon, CH, France.,Faculté de Médecine et de Maïeutique Lyon Sud - Charles Mérieux, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Oullins, France
| | | | | | - Sergey Morozov
- Department of Health Care of Moscow, Research and Practical Clinical Center of Diagnostics and Telemedicine Technologies, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Nir Peled
- Thoracic Cancer Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tiqwa, Israel
| | | | - Helmut Prosch
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sofia Ravara
- Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilha, Portugal.,Tobacco Cessation Unit, CHCB University Hospital, Covilha, Portugal
| | | | | | - Mario Silva
- Section of Radiology, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Bram van Ginneken
- Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Constantine Vardavas
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,Center for Global Tobacco Control, Department of Society, Human Development and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Oyunbileg von Stackelberg
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, German Center of Lung Research, INF 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mina Gaga
- 7th Respiratory Medicine Department, Athens Chest Hospital Sotiria, Athens, Greece
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35
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Sheill G, Brady L, Guinan EM, Hussey JM, Hayes B, Baird AM, Stanfill B, Casey O, Murphy V, Rudman SM, Peat N, Sheils O, Cahill F, Van Hemelrijck M, McCaffrey J, O'Donnell DM, Mucci L, Grogan W, McDermott R, Finn SP. A randomized trial of exercise on quality of life in men with metastatic prostate cancer: The ExPeCT Trial. J Clin Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2019.37.31_suppl.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
97 Background: All patients living with cancer, including those with metastatic cancer, are encouraged to be physically active. This paper examines the feasibility of an aerobic exercise intervention for men with metastatic prostate cancer. Methods: ExPeCT (Exercise, Prostate Cancer and Circulating Tumour Cells), was a multi-centre randomised control trial for men living with metastatic prostate cancer. Participants were randomized to either control or exercise arms. Participants in the exercise arm completed six- months of prescribed aerobic exercise. Quality of life assessments were completed at baseline, at 3 months and at 6 months using a standardised questionnaire derived from the Harvard Health Professionals Follow-up study. Physical activity was measured using a self-administered physical activity questionnaire. Exercise adherence data was collected via Polar heart rate monitors, worn by the patient for every exercise session undertaken. Results: A total of 61 patients were included (69.4±7.3 yr, Body Mass Index 29.2±5.8 kg/m2). The median time since diagnosis was 34 months (IQR 7-54). A total of 35 (55%) of participants had >1 region affected by metastatic disease. A total of 54 (81%) of participants completed the 3 month assessment and 52 (78%) of the participants completed the 6 month assessment. Adherence to the supervised sessions was 83% (329 out of 396 sessions attended). Participants were adherent to both the intensity (82%) and duration (83%) of the prescribed exercise programme during class sessions. No adverse events were reported by participants enrolled in this study. There was no significant difference in physical activity levels, sedentary time or quality of life between either group at baseline, 3 months or 6 months. Systolic blood pressure was significantly lower in the exercise group when compared to the control group at 3 months (p=.008) and 6 months (p=.011). Conclusions: The exercise intervention was tolerated well by a group of patients with a high burden of metastatic prostate cancer however did not lead to change in physical activity levels or quality of life. This trial provides proof of principle evidence for future exercise studies involving this patient group. Clinical trial information: NCT02453139.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren Brady
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Brian Hayes
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Department of Histopathology, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nicola Peat
- Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Orla Sheils
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fidelma Cahill
- King’s College London, Division of Cancer Studies, Cancer Epidemiology Group, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mieke Van Hemelrijck
- King’s College London, Division of Cancer Studies, Cancer Epidemiology Group, London, United Kingdom
| | - John McCaffrey
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - William Grogan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ray McDermott
- Department of Oncology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen P. Finn
- St. James's Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, Cancer Molecular Diagnostics, Dublin, Ireland
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Greene J, Baird AM, Casey O, Brady L, Blackshields G, Lim M, O'Brien O, Gray SG, McDermott R, Finn SP. Circular RNAs are differentially expressed in prostate cancer and are potentially associated with resistance to enzalutamide. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10739. [PMID: 31341219 PMCID: PMC6656767 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47189-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Most forms of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) are dependent on the androgen receptor (AR) for survival. While, enzalutamide provides a substantial survival benefit, it is not curative and many patients develop resistance to therapy. Although not yet fully understood, resistance can develop through a number of mechanisms, such as AR copy number gain, the generation of splice variants such as AR-V7 and mutations within the ligand binding domain (LBD) of the AR. circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel type of non-coding RNA, which can regulate the function of miRNA, and may play a key role in the development of drug resistance. circRNAs are highly resistant to degradation, are detectable in plasma and, therefore may serve a role as clinical biomarkers. In this study, AR-V7 expression was assessed in an isogenic model of enzalutamide resistance. The model consisted of age matched control cells and two sub-line clones displaying varied resistance to enzalutamide. circRNA profiling was performed on the panel using a high throughout microarray assay. Bioinformatic analysis identified a number of differentially expressed circRNAs and predicted five miRNA binding sites for each circRNA. miRNAs were stratified based on known associations with prostate cancer, and targets were validated using qPCR. Overall, circRNAs were more often down regulated in resistant cell lines compared with control (588 vs. 278). Of particular interest was hsa_circ_0004870, which was down-regulated in enzalutamide resistant cells (p ≤ 0.05, vs. sensitive cells), decreased in cells that highly express AR (p ≤ 0.01, vs. AR negative), and decreased in malignant cells (p ≤ 0.01, vs. benign). The associated parental gene was identified as RBM39, a member of the U2AF65 family of proteins. Both genes were down-regulated in resistant cells (p < 0.05, vs. sensitive cells). This is one of the first studies to profile and demonstrate discrete circRNA expression patterns in an enzalutamide resistant cell line model of prostate cancer. Our data suggests that hsa_circ_0004870, through RBM39, may play a critical role in the development of enzalutamide resistance in CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Greene
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin 24, Ireland.
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland.,Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity Translational Medical Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Orla Casey
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Lauren Brady
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Gordon Blackshields
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Marvin Lim
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland.,Department of Medical Oncology, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | | | - Steven G Gray
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity Translational Medical Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Labmed Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.,HOPE Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Raymond McDermott
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin 24, Ireland.,Department of Histopathology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.,Department of Medical Oncology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Stephen P Finn
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland.,Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity Translational Medical Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Department of Histopathology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
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Greene JP, Lim MCJ, Baird AM, Deignan O, McCaffrey J, Prior LM, Parker I, Bowes A, Teiserskiene A, Feeney J, Thirion PG, Finn SP, Kelly PJ, McDermott R. An updated analysis evaluating skeletal related events (SREs) in CTRIAL-IE 13-21: Phase II trial of radium-223 (R223) in combination with enzalutamide (ENZA) for patients (pts) with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). J Clin Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2019.37.7_suppl.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
215 Background: This phase II single arm study, previously reported on the safety and tolerability of the combination of R223 and ENZA in pts with mCRPC. R223 in combination with ENZA was well tolerated with acceptable safety and toxicity profiles. Methods: This study enrolled pts with mCRPC to bone with or without visceral/lymph node involvement progressing on ADT. Pts received 6 cycles of R223 (55 kBq/kg IV Q4W) in combination with ENZA (160mg/day), followed by ENZA alone. Bone health agents were initiated as per treating clinician choice. SREs were defined as: a pathologic fracture, spinal cord compression (SCC), necessity for external beam radiation (EBRT) or surgery to bone. SREs during the combination period and after completion of R223 are reported here. An unplanned retrospective analysis of all scans performed on each patient for any fracture was performed and is included. Results: From July 2015 to July 2017, 45 pts were enrolled. 42 pts (93.3%) received all 6 cycles of combination therapy. 16 pts (35.5%) remain on ENZA alone. In total, 6 pts (13.3%) had SREs. 4 developed pathological fractures (femur = 1, vertebrae = 3) while 3 had EBRT for pain. Of these 6 pts, 2 developed SCC requiring EBRT. The average time from starting R223 to SRE was 615 days. 2/6 pts were not receiving bone protection. One pt who developed a pathological fracture has subsequently died related to progressive disease (time to death = 292 days). In the retrospective analysis, 4 pts (8.8%) developed fractures which were associated with a history of trauma (radius = 1, tibia = 1 ribs = 2). 11 pts (24.4%) developed asymptomatic insufficiency fractures (ankle = 1, femur = 1, sacrum = 2, vertebrae = 4, ribs = 4). The average time to insufficiency fracture was 354 days. No interventions were required. The majority of pts (75.5%) on the study were receiving bone health agents. Conclusions: SREs were in keeping with previously published data. In an unplanned retrospective analysis, there was a higher incidence of asymptomatic insufficiency fractures in this cohort of patients, however no interventions were required. Clinical trial information: NCT02225704.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - John McCaffrey
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Imelda Parker
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - John Feeney
- Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Stephen P. Finn
- St. James's Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, Cancer Molecular Diagnostics, Dublin, Ireland
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Brady L, Hayes B, Sheill G, Baird AM, Guinan EM, Stanfill B, Vlajnic T, Casey O, Greene JP, Allott E, Hussey JM, Cahill F, Van Hemelrijck M, Peat N, Rudman SM, Mucci L, Sheils O, John O, McDermott R, Finn SP. The effect of a structured exercise intervention on CTCs and platelet cloaking in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2019.37.7_suppl.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
243 Background: Physical activity has been described as an effective adjunct for improving quality of life in patients with metastatic prostate cancer (PrCa). Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are a morphologically distinct set of cancer cells, involved in disease progression. Platelet cloaking, the surrounding and subsequent attachment of platelets to CTCs, has been proposed as effective in aiding extravasation, thus enhancing metastatic spread. The ExPeCT (Exercise, Prostate Cancer and Circulating Tumor Cells) trial aimed to examine the impact of a structured exercise intervention on the mechanisms of metastasis, including CTC cloaking, in patients with metastatic PrCa. Methods: ExPeCT was a multi-center, randomized trial for patients with metastatic PrCa (n=61). Participants were randomized to either control or exercise arms. Participants in the exercise arm (n=29) completed six months of prescribed aerobic exercise. Whole blood was collected for all participants at baseline (T0), three months (T3) and six months (T6), and analyzed for the presence of CTCs, CTC clusters and platelet cloaking. Results: No significant difference in CTC number between the exercise and control arms was observed (p=0.2630), however significant alterations in CTC number were observed within group over time (p<0.001). Platelet cloaking was modelled as a binary response (presence/absence). A trend towards higher levels of platelet cloaking in the control group was observed (p=0.1005). Further, all findings were compared to a range of clinical variables. CTC clusters were positively correlated with PSA levels (p=0.0393) and a positive correlation between CTC number and white blood cell count (p<0.001) was determined. Conclusions: No significant relationship between CTCs and physical activity was observed, however the exercise program was well tolerated by ExPeCT participants. This study has, for the first time, shown platelet cloaking of CTCs in metastatic PrCa, in addition to a significant positive correlation between CTCs and white blood cells. These findings provide critical insight into immune crosstalk and the metastatic cascade in metastatic PrCa. Clinical trial information: NCT02453139.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Brady
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian Hayes
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin,Department of Histopathology, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | - Tatjana Vlajnic
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Emma Allott
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 8 Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | | | - Fidelma Cahill
- King’s College London, Division of Cancer Studies, Cancer Epidemiology Group, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mieke Van Hemelrijck
- King’s College London, Division of Cancer Studies, Cancer Epidemiology Group, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Peat
- Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Orla Sheils
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - O'Leary John
- Department of Histopathology, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Stephen P. Finn
- St. James's Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, Cancer Molecular Diagnostics, Dublin, Ireland
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39
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Baird AM, Easty D, Jarzabek M, Shiels L, Soltermann A, Klebe S, Raeppel S, MacDonagh L, Wu C, Griggs K, Kirschner MB, Stanfill B, Nonaka D, Goparaju CM, Murer B, Fennell DA, O'Donnell DM, Barr MP, Mutti L, Reid G, Finn S, Cuffe S, Pass HI, Opitz I, Byrne AT, O'Byrne KJ, Gray SG. When RON MET TAM in Mesothelioma: All Druggable for One, and One Drug for All? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:89. [PMID: 30863365 PMCID: PMC6399142 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive inflammatory cancer with a poor survival rate. Treatment options are limited at best and drug resistance is common. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify novel therapeutic targets in this disease in order to improve patient outcomes and survival times. MST1R (RON) is a trans-membrane receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), which is part of the c-MET proto-oncogene family. The only ligand recognized to bind MST1R (RON) is Macrophage Stimulating 1 (MST1), also known as Macrophage Stimulating Protein (MSP) or Hepatocyte Growth Factor-Like Protein (HGFL). In this study, we demonstrate that the MST1-MST1R (RON) signaling axis is active in MPM. Targeting this pathway with a small molecule inhibitor, LCRF-0004, resulted in decreased proliferation with a concomitant increase in apoptosis. Cell cycle progression was also affected. Recombinant MST1 treatment was unable to overcome the effect of LCRF-0004 in terms of either proliferation or apoptosis. Subsequently, the effect of an additional small molecular inhibitor, BMS-777607 (which targets MST1R (RON), MET, Tyro3, and Axl) also resulted in a decreased proliferative capacity of MPM cells. In a cohort of MPM patient samples, high positivity for total MST1R by IHC was an independent predictor of favorable prognosis. Additionally, elevated expression levels of MST1 also correlated with better survival. This study also determined the efficacy of LCRF-0004 and BMS-777607 in xenograft MPM models. Both LCRF-0004 and BMS-777607 demonstrated significant anti-tumor efficacy in vitro, however BMS-777607 was far superior to LCRF-0004. The in vivo and in vitro data generated by this study indicates that a multi-TKI, targeting the MST1R/MET/TAM signaling pathways, may provide a more effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of MPM as opposed to targeting MST1R alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Baird
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Labmed Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David Easty
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Labmed Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Monika Jarzabek
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics and Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Liam Shiels
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics and Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alex Soltermann
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Klebe
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | | | - Lauren MacDonagh
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Labmed Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Chengguang Wu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kim Griggs
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Michaela B. Kirschner
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bryan Stanfill
- The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Daisuke Nonaka
- Department of Histopathology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University (NYU) Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Chandra M. Goparaju
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University (NYU) Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Bruno Murer
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Ospedale dell'Angelo, Venice, Italy
| | - Dean A. Fennell
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester and Leicester University Hospitals, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Martin P. Barr
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Labmed Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Luciano Mutti
- Center for Biotechnology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Glen Reid
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen Finn
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sinead Cuffe
- HOPE Directorate, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Harvey I. Pass
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University (NYU) Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Isabelle Opitz
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annette T. Byrne
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics and Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kenneth J. O'Byrne
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Labmed Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- HOPE Directorate, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Division of Cancer Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Steven G. Gray
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Labmed Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Steven G. Gray
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Lim MCJ, Baird AM, Aird J, Greene J, Kapoor D, Gray SG, McDermott R, Finn SP. RNAs as Candidate Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers of Prostate Cancer-From Cell Line Models to Liquid Biopsies. Diagnostics (Basel) 2018; 8:E60. [PMID: 30200254 PMCID: PMC6163368 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics8030060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment landscape of prostate cancer has evolved rapidly over the past five years. The explosion in treatment advances has been witnessed in parallel with significant progress in the field of molecular biomarkers. The advent of next-generation sequencing has enabled the molecular profiling of the genomic and transcriptomic architecture of prostate and other cancers. Coupled with this, is a renewed interest in the role of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) in prostate cancer biology. ncRNA consists of several different classes including small non-coding RNA (sncRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA). These families are under active investigation, given their essential roles in cancer initiation, development and progression. This review focuses on the evidence for the role of RNAs in prostate cancer, and their use as diagnostic and prognostic markers, and targets for treatment in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin C J Lim
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin D24 NR0A, Ireland.
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- Cancer and Ageing Research Programme, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland.
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Labmed Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 08 W9RT, Ireland.
| | - John Aird
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland.
| | - John Greene
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland.
| | - Dhruv Kapoor
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland.
| | - Steven G Gray
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland.
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Labmed Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 08 W9RT, Ireland.
- School of Biological Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin D08 NF82, Ireland.
| | - Ray McDermott
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin D24 NR0A, Ireland.
- Department of Medical Oncology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin D04 YN26, Ireland.
| | - Stephen P Finn
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland.
- Department of Histopathology, St. James's Hospital, P.O. Box 580, James's Street, Dublin D08 X4RX, Ireland.
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Brady L, Sheill G, Baird AM, Allott EH, Vlajnic T, Greene J, Casey O, Hayes B, Guinan E, Hussey J, Cahill F, Hemelrijck MV, Peat N, Rudman S, Cunningham M, Grogan L, Lynch T, Manecksha RP, McCaffrey J, Sheils O, O’Donnell DM, O’Leary J, McDermott R, Finn SP. Abstract A057: Examining the link between obesity, inflammation, and exercise in patients with metastatic prostate cancer—An interim analysis from the ExPeCT trial. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.prca2017-a057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Globally, prostate cancer (PrCa) is the fourth most common cancer type. Obesity and inflammation have been shown to play significant roles in PrCa disease progression. Obesity and a high body mass index (BMI) are associated with increased PrCa-specific mortality in patients with advanced disease. Furthermore, proinflammatory cytokines can aid metastatic potential and promote angiogenesis. The ExPeCT (Exercise, Prostate Cancer and Circulating Tumor Cells) trial seeks to examine the effectiveness of a structured exercise program in modulating inflammatory mediators and obesity in patients with metastatic PrCa.
Methods: ExPeCT (CTRIALIE 15-21 (ClincalTrials.gov identifier NCT02453139)) is a multicenter, randomized trial for patients with metastatic PrCa (n=67). Participants were randomized to either control or exercise arms. Participants in the exercise arm completed six months of prescribed aerobic exercise, which was monitored using percentage heart-rate reserve. Serum samples were collected for all participants at baseline (T0), three months (T3), and six months (T6), and assayed for 16 interlinked adipokines and cytokines using the Meso Scale Discovery platform. An interim statistical analysis was performed (n=26) comparing median change in serum analyte levels between control (n=13) and exercise (n=13) arms using non-parametric Wilcoxon rank-sum tests.
Results: Among 26 patients included in our interim analysis, mean age at baseline was 71 years, median BMI was 29.1 kg/m2, and median waist circumference (WC) was 107 cm, with no significant differences between arms (all p>0.3). Between T0 and T6, WC decreased by a median of 3.8 cm in the exercise group and 2.6 cm in the control group (p=0.412), with a similar trend for BMI. Interim serum cytokine analysis showed a 3-fold increase in IL-10 levels in the exercise arm at T3 when compared to the control arm (p=0.036). No significant change in IL-10 levels was recorded at T6 between arms (p=0.776). Similarly, CXCL8 (IL-8) levels were increased by 1.8-fold at T3 in the exercise arm in comparison to the control arm (p=0.017), with no significant change reported at T6 (p=0.191). While changes were evident in serum TNFα, IL-6, VEGF, IL-17a, MMP9 and CCL5 (RANTES) levels, these did not reach significance. Differences in levels of adipokines leptin and resistin were also reported. A 1.5-fold increase in resistin expression was observed in the exercise arm at T6; however, it was not significant (p=0.293). A 2-fold decrease in leptin in the control arm relative to the exercise arm at T6 was also detected (p=0.676). Analysis of adiponectin, MMP2, and CCL2 is ongoing.
Conclusion: Our interim analysis of ExPeCT trial participants demonstrated a significant increase in serum CXCL8 and IL-10 levels after three months of a supervised exercise intervention. These preliminary data suggest that a structured exercise program has the potential to modify inflammatory status in patients with metastatic PrCa.
Citation Format: Lauren Brady, Grainne Sheill, Anne-Marie Baird, Emma H. Allott, Tatjana Vlajnic, John Greene, Orla Casey, Brian Hayes, Emer Guinan, Juliette Hussey, Fidelma Cahill, Mieke Van Hemelrijck, Nicola Peat, Sarah Rudman, Moya Cunningham, Liam Grogan, Thomas Lynch, Rustom P. Manecksha, John McCaffrey, Orla Sheils, Dearbhaile M. O’Donnell, John O’Leary, Ray McDermott, Stephen P. Finn. Examining the link between obesity, inflammation, and exercise in patients with metastatic prostate cancer—An interim analysis from the ExPeCT trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Prostate Cancer: Advances in Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research; 2017 Dec 2-5; Orlando, Florida. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(16 Suppl):Abstract nr A057.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Brady
- 1Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,
| | - Grainne Sheill
- 2School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- 1Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,
| | - Emma H. Allott
- 3University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC,
| | - Tatjana Vlajnic
- 4Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland,
| | - John Greene
- 1Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,
| | - Orla Casey
- 5Cancer Trials Ireland, Dublin, Ireland,
| | | | - Emer Guinan
- 2School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,
| | - Juliette Hussey
- 2School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,
| | - Fidelma Cahill
- 7King’s College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, TOUR, London, United Kingdom,
| | - Mieke Van Hemelrijck
- 7King’s College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, TOUR, London, United Kingdom,
| | - Nicola Peat
- 8Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom,
| | - Sarah Rudman
- 8Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom,
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Orla Sheils
- 1Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,
| | | | | | - Ray McDermott
- 14Adelaide and Meath Hospital Incorporating the National Children’s Hospital (AMNCH), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen P. Finn
- 1Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,
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Sheill G, Brady L, Guinan E, Hussey J, Hevey D, Vlajnic T, Casey O, Baird AM, Cahill F, Hemelrijck MV, Peat N, Rudman S, Lynch T, Manecksha RP, Hayes B, Cunningham M, Grogan L, McCaffrey J, O’Donnell DM, McDermott R, Leary JO, Finn SP. Abstract A059: Lifestyle and health-related quality of life in men with metastatic prostate cancer. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.prca2017-a059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Patients with metastatic prostate cancer live with a considerable disease burden that may have a profound impact on physical activity and quality of life. This patient group may survive for many years after disease onset; however, there is little evidence on their habitual levels of physical activity. The aim of this study was to investigate physical activity levels and associated health-related quality of life in prostate cancer patients with bone metastases.
Methods: ExPeCT (Exercise, Prostate Cancer and Circulating Tumour Cells: CTRIAL-IE 15-21) (ClincalTrials.gov identifier NCT02453139) is an ongoing multicenter trial examining the effect of a 6-month structured exercise intervention for patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Participants complete questionnaires examining self-reported health-related quality of life (FACT-P), sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Index), depression (PHQ-9), and physical activity (Harvard Health Professionals Study Questionnaire) at baseline, three, and six months. Analysis of 3- and 6-month data is ongoing.
Result: An interim analysis of the baseline outcome measures of 64 patients with bone metastases was completed (mean age 69.4 (SD 7.35) years and mean BMI 29.2 (SD 5.8) kg/m2). Median time since diagnosis was 34 months (IQR 7-54) and 55% (n=35) of participants had >1 region affected by metastatic disease. Preliminary data demonstrated that 38% (n=24) of participants did not meet the current aerobic exercise guidelines for cancer survivors. In total, 20% (n=13) of participants reported engaging in vigorous activity and 16% (n=11) reported completing resistance exercise. There was no correlation found between physical activity levels and quality of life (r=0.01), sleep (r=0.02), or depression (r=-0.15) scores. The majority of participants (61% (n=41)) had sleep scores of >7, indicative of poor sleep quality. Sleep scores correlated negatively with global quality of life (r =-0.55, p<0.05). Patients scored lowest in the “functional” and “additional prostate cancer-related concerns” domains of quality of life.
Discussion: Findings highlight the association between reduced quality of life and poor sleep quality among men with metastatic prostate cancer. In addition, data suggest a high prevalence of suboptimal physical activity levels in this population. Patients with metastatic disease may benefit from lifestyle interventions that aim to increase physical activity levels.
Citation Format: Gráinne Sheill, Lauren Brady, Emer Guinan, Juliette Hussey, David Hevey, Tatjana Vlajnic, Orla Casey, Anne-Marie Baird, Fidelma Cahill, Mieke Van Hemelrijck, Nicola Peat, Sarah Rudman, Thomas Lynch, Rustom P. Manecksha, Brian Hayes, Moya Cunningham, Liam Grogan, John McCaffrey, Dearbhaile M. O’Donnell, Ray McDermott, John O Leary, Stephen P. Finn. Lifestyle and health-related quality of life in men with metastatic prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Prostate Cancer: Advances in Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research; 2017 Dec 2-5; Orlando, Florida. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(16 Suppl):Abstract nr A059.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Orla Casey
- 3Cancer Trials Ireland, Dublin, Ireland,
| | | | | | | | - Nicola Peat
- 5Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Trust Foundation, London, United Kingdom,
| | - Sarah Rudman
- 5Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Trust Foundation, London, United Kingdom,
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Aird J, Baird AM, Lim MC, McDermott R, Finn SP, Gray SG. Carcinogenesis in prostate cancer: The role of long non-coding RNAs. Noncoding RNA Res 2018; 3:29-38. [PMID: 30159437 PMCID: PMC6084828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
LncRNAs appear to play a considerable role in tumourigenesis through regulating key processes in cancer cells such as proliferative signalling, replicative immortality, invasion and metastasis, evasion of growth suppressors, induction of angiogenesis and resistance to apoptosis. LncRNAs have been reported to play a role in prostate cancer, particularly in regulating the androgen receptor signalling pathway. In this review article, we summarise the role of 34 lncRNAs in prostate cancer with a particular focus on their role in the androgen receptor signalling pathway and the epithelial to mesenchymal transition pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Aird
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity Translational Medical Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Marvin C.J. Lim
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medical Oncology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ray McDermott
- Department of Medical Oncology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen P. Finn
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Steven G. Gray
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- HOPE Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Labmed Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biological Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
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Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are currently classed as non-coding RNA (ncRNA) that, unlike linear RNAs, form covalently closed continuous loops and act as gene regulators in mammals. They were originally thought to represent errors in splicing and considered to be of low abundance, however, there is now an increased appreciation of their important function in gene regulation. circRNAs are differentially generated by backsplicing of exons or from lariat introns. Unlike linear RNA, the 3' and 5' ends normally present in an RNA molecule have been joined together by covalent bonds leading to circularization. Interestingly, they have been found to be abundant, evolutionally conserved and relatively stable in the cytoplasm. These features confer numerous potential functions to circRNAs, such as acting as miRNA sponges, or binding to RNA-associated proteins to form RNA-protein complexes that regulate gene transcription. It has been proposed that circRNA regulate gene expression at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level by interacting with miRNAs and that circRNAs may have a role in regulating miRNA function in cancer initiation and progression. circRNAs appear to be more often downregulated in tumor tissue compared to normal tissue and this may be due to (i) errors in the back-splice machinery in malignant tissues, (ii) degradation of circRNAs by deregulated miRNAs in tumor tissue, or (iii) increasing cell proliferation leading to a reduction of circRNAs. circRNAs have been identified in exosomes and more recently, chromosomal translocations in cancer have been shown to generate aberrant fusion-circRNAs associated with resistance to drug treatments. In addition, though originally thought to be non-coding, there is now increasing evidence to suggest that select circRNAs can be translated into functional proteins. Although much remains to be elucidated about circRNA biology and mechanisms of gene regulation, these ncRNAs are quickly emerging as potential disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Greene
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College DublinDublin, Ireland.,Department of Medical Oncology, Tallaght HospitalDublin, Ireland
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College DublinDublin, Ireland.,Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity Translational Medical Institute, St. James's HospitalDublin, Ireland.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College DublinDublin, Ireland.,Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lauren Brady
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College DublinDublin, Ireland
| | - Marvin Lim
- Department of Medical Oncology, St. Vincent's University HospitalDublin, Ireland
| | - Steven G Gray
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity Translational Medical Institute, St. James's HospitalDublin, Ireland.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College DublinDublin, Ireland.,HOPE Directorate, St. James's HospitalDublin, Ireland.,Labmed Directorate, St. James's HospitalDublin, Ireland
| | - Raymond McDermott
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tallaght HospitalDublin, Ireland.,Department of Medical Oncology, St. Vincent's University HospitalDublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen P Finn
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College DublinDublin, Ireland.,Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity Translational Medical Institute, St. James's HospitalDublin, Ireland.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College DublinDublin, Ireland.,Department of Histopathology, St. James's HospitalDublin, Ireland
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Ryan SL, Baird AM, Lu Z, Urquhart A, Barr M, Richard D, O’Byrne K, Davies A. P2.03b-096 Utilization of a Novel 3D Culture Technology for the Assessment of Chemo-Resistance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.11.1378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ryan SL, Godwin P, Heavey S, Umezawa K, Barr M, Gray S, Stanfill B, Davies A, Cuffe S, Finn S, Richard D, Gately K, O’Byrne K, Baird AM. P2.01-031 CCL Chemokines May Play an Important Role in Cisplatin Resistance. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.11.1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Baird AM, Barr M, Ryan SL, Gray S, Davies A, Cuffe S, Finn S, Richard D, O’Byrne K. P3.01-042 Lung Cancer Cells Can Stimulate Functional and Genotypic Modifications in Normal Bronchial Epithelial Cells. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.11.1608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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48
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Baird AM, Easty D, Jarzabek M, Shiels L, Soltermann A, Raeppel S, Mcdonagh L, Wu C, Goparju C, Stanfill B, Barr M, Nonaka D, Murer B, Fennell D, O’Donnell D, Mutti L, Finn S, Cuffe S, Pass H, Schmitt-Opitz I, Byrne A, O’Byrne K, Gray S. P3.03-021 When RON MET TAM in Mesothelioma: All Druggable for One, and One Drug for All? J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.11.1920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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49
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Burgess JT, Bolderson E, Adams MN, Baird AM, Zhang SD, Gately KA, Umezawa K, O'Byrne KJ, Richard DJ. Activation and cleavage of SASH1 by caspase-3 mediates an apoptotic response. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2469. [PMID: 27831555 PMCID: PMC5260870 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a highly regulated cellular process that functions to remove undesired cells from multicellular organisms. This pathway is often disrupted in cancer, providing tumours with a mechanism to avoid cell death and promote growth and survival. The putative tumour suppressor, SASH1 (SAM and SH3 domain containing protein 1), has been previously implicated in the regulation of apoptosis; however, the molecular role of SASH1 in this process is still unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that SASH1 is cleaved by caspase-3 following UVC-induced apoptosis. Proteolysis of SASH1 enables the C-terminal fragment to translocate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus where it associates with chromatin. The overexpression of wild-type SASH1 or a cleaved form of SASH1 representing amino acids 231-1247 leads to an increase in apoptosis. Conversely, mutation of the SASH1 cleavage site inhibits nuclear translocation and prevents the initiation of apoptosis. SASH1 cleavage is also required for the efficient translocation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) to the nucleus. The use of the NF-κB inhibitor DHMEQ demonstrated that the effect of SASH1 on apoptosis was dependent on NF-κB, indicating a codependence between SASH1 and NF-κB for this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T Burgess
- Cancer and Ageing Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation at the Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT) and Princess Alexandra Hospital, Level 6, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Emma Bolderson
- Cancer and Ageing Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation at the Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT) and Princess Alexandra Hospital, Level 6, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Princess Alexandra Hospital, Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Mark N Adams
- Cancer and Ageing Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation at the Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT) and Princess Alexandra Hospital, Level 6, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- Cancer and Ageing Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation at the Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT) and Princess Alexandra Hospital, Level 6, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Shu-Dong Zhang
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, University of Ulster, C-TRIC Building, Altnagelvin Hospital Campus, Glenshane Road, Londonderry BT47 6SB, UK.,Center for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Kathy A Gately
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Kazuo Umezawa
- Department of Molecular Target Medicine Screening, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Kenneth J O'Byrne
- Cancer and Ageing Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation at the Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT) and Princess Alexandra Hospital, Level 6, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Princess Alexandra Hospital, Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Derek J Richard
- Cancer and Ageing Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation at the Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT) and Princess Alexandra Hospital, Level 6, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Princess Alexandra Hospital, Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
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50
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Ryan SL, Baird AM, Vaz G, Urquhart AJ, Senge M, Richard DJ, O'Byrne KJ, Davies AM. Drug Discovery Approaches Utilizing Three-Dimensional Cell Culture. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2016; 14:19-28. [PMID: 26866750 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2015.670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, two-dimensional (2D) cell culture has been the preferred method of producing disease models in vitro. Recently, there has been a move away from 2D culture in favor of generating three-dimensional (3D) multicellular structures, which are thought to be more representative of the in vivo environment. This transition has brought with it an influx of technologies capable of producing these structures in various ways. However, it is becoming evident that many of these technologies do not perform well in automated in vitro drug discovery units. We believe that this is a result of their incompatibility with high-throughput screening (HTS). In this study, we review a number of technologies, which are currently available for producing in vitro 3D disease models. We assess their amenability with high-content screening and HTS and highlight our own work in attempting to address many of the practical problems that are hampering the successful deployment of 3D cell systems in mainstream research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Louise Ryan
- 1 Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia .,2 Translational Cell Imaging Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- 1 Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia .,2 Translational Cell Imaging Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Australia .,3 Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine , Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gisela Vaz
- 4 Medical Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine , Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aaron J Urquhart
- 1 Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia .,2 Translational Cell Imaging Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mathias Senge
- 4 Medical Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine , Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Derek J Richard
- 1 Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kenneth J O'Byrne
- 1 Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia .,3 Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine , Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland .,5 Division of Cancer Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital , Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anthony M Davies
- 2 Translational Cell Imaging Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Australia .,6 Irish National Centre for High Content Screening and Analysis, Institute of Molecular Medicine , Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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