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da Silva ES, de Santana MBR, Silveira EF, Torres RT, Silva RC, Fernandes AMS, Belitardo EMMDA, Garcés LFS, Santiago LF, Urrego JR, Vilas-Bôas DS, de Freitas LAR, Zakzuk J, Pacheco LGC, Cruz ÁA, Ferreira F, Cooper P, Caraballo L, Pinheiro CDS, Alcantara-Neves NM. The hybrid protein BTH2 suppresses allergic airway inflammation in a murine model of HDM-specific immunotherapy. Clin Exp Allergy 2023; 53:821-832. [PMID: 36779555 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the only disease-modifying treatment approach to change disease-causing allergens. Hypoallergenic derivatives show promise as potential therapeutics, amongst which BTH2 was designed to induce tolerance against Blomia tropicalis allergy. Our aim was to investigate the hypoallergenicity and immunoregulatory activity of BTH2 in vitro and its therapeutic potential in a mouse model of AIT. METHODS Recombinant Blo t 5 and Blo t 21 allergens and their hybrid derivatives (BTH1 and BTH2) were expressed and purified. IgE binding capacity was tested by ELISA using sera from Brazilian, Colombian, and Ecuadorian subjects. Secretion of cytokines in supernatants from human cell cultures was measured following stimulation with the four recombinants and controls. The capacity of BTH2 to ameliorate allergic airway inflammation induced by B. tropicalis extract was evaluated in a murine model of AIT. RESULTS rBlo t 5 and rBlo t 21 were identified as major allergens in Latin American patients, and BTH2 had the lowest IgE binding. In vitro stimulation of human cells induced greater levels of IL-10 and IFN-γ and reduced the secretion of Th2 cytokines. BTH2 ameliorated allergic airway inflammation in B. tropicalis-challenged A/J mice, as evidenced by the histopathological and humoral biomarkers: decreased Th2 cytokines and cellular infiltration (especially eosinophils), lower activity of eosinophil peroxidase, an increase in IgG blocking antibodies and strong reduction of mucus production by goblet cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that BTH2 represents a promising candidate for the treatment of B. tropicalis allergy with hypoallergenic, immune regulatory and therapeutic properties. Further pre-clinical studies are required in murine models of chronic asthma to further address the efficacy and safety of BTH2 as a vaccine against B. tropicalis-induced allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Santos da Silva
- Laboratory of Allergology and Acarology (LAA), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Biotechnology of the Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Maceió, Brazil
| | - Marina Borges Rabelo de Santana
- Laboratory of Allergology and Acarology (LAA), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Immunology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Elisânia Fontes Silveira
- Laboratory of Allergology and Acarology (LAA), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Rogério Tanan Torres
- Laboratory of Allergology and Acarology (LAA), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Raphael Chagas Silva
- Laboratory of Allergology and Acarology (LAA), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Immunology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Emília Maria Medeiros de Andrade Belitardo
- Laboratory of Allergology and Acarology (LAA), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Immunology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FioCruz), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Luis Fabián Salazar Garcés
- Laboratory of Allergology and Acarology (LAA), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Immunology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Technical University of Ambato, Ambato, Ecuador
| | - Leonardo Freire Santiago
- Laboratory of Allergology and Acarology (LAA), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Deise Souza Vilas-Bôas
- Post-Graduate Program in Immunology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Laboratory of Histotechnology, Department of Biomorphology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Luiz Antônio Rodrigues de Freitas
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FioCruz), Salvador, Brazil
- Department of Pathology of the School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Josefina Zakzuk
- Institute of Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Luis Gustavo Carvalho Pacheco
- Laboratory of Allergology and Acarology (LAA), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Fatima Ferreira
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Philip Cooper
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, UK
- School of Medicine, International University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Luis Caraballo
- Institute of Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Carina da Silva Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Allergology and Acarology (LAA), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Immunology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Neuza Maria Alcantara-Neves
- Laboratory of Allergology and Acarology (LAA), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Biotechnology of the Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Maceió, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Immunology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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Rocha VPC, Quadros HC, Fernandes AMS, Gonçalves LP, Badaró RJDS, Soares MBP, Machado BAS. An Overview of the Conventional and Novel Methods Employed for SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody Measurement. Viruses 2023; 15:1504. [PMID: 37515190 PMCID: PMC10383723 DOI: 10.3390/v15071504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is the etiological agent of the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) and is responsible for the pandemic that started in 2020. The virus enters the host cell through the interaction of its spike glycoprotein with the angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) on the host cell's surface. Antibodies present an important role during the infection and pathogenesis due to many reasons, including the neutralization of viruses by binding to different spike epitopes. Therefore, measuring the neutralizing antibody titers in the whole population is important for COVID-19's epidemiology. Different methods are described in the literature, and some have been used to validate the main vaccines used worldwide. In this review, we discuss the main methods used to quantify neutralizing antibody titers, their advantages and limitations, as well as new approaches to determineACE2/spike blockage by antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Pinto Costa Rocha
- Institute of Health Technology, National Industrial Learning Service-Integrated Manufacturing and Technology Campus, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Gonçalo Moniz Institute-Fiocruz, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Helenita Costa Quadros
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Gonçalo Moniz Institute-Fiocruz, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Antônio Márcio Santana Fernandes
- Institute of Health Technology, National Industrial Learning Service-Integrated Manufacturing and Technology Campus, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Luana Pereira Gonçalves
- Institute of Health Technology, National Industrial Learning Service-Integrated Manufacturing and Technology Campus, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Roberto José da Silva Badaró
- Institute of Health Technology, National Industrial Learning Service-Integrated Manufacturing and Technology Campus, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- Institute of Health Technology, National Industrial Learning Service-Integrated Manufacturing and Technology Campus, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Gonçalo Moniz Institute-Fiocruz, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Bruna Aparecida Souza Machado
- Institute of Health Technology, National Industrial Learning Service-Integrated Manufacturing and Technology Campus, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil
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Fernandes AMS, da Silva ES, Silveira EF, Belitardo EMMDA, Santiago LF, Silva RC, Dos Santos Alves V, Carneiro DM, Ferreira F, Jacquet A, Pacheco LGC, Alcantara-Neves NM, Pinheiro CS. Recombinant T-cell epitope conjugation: A new approach for Dermatophagoides hypoallergen design. Clin Exp Allergy 2023; 53:198-209. [PMID: 36176209 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the only clinical approach that can potentially cure some allergic diseases by inducing immunological tolerance. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus is considered as the most important source of mite allergens worldwide, with high sensitization rates for the major allergens Der p 1, Der p 2 and Der p 23. The aim of this work is to generate a hypoallergenic hybrid molecule containing T-cell epitopes from these three major allergens. METHODS The hybrid protein termed Der p 2231 containing T-cell epitopes was purified by affinity chromatography. The human IgE reactivity was verified by comparing those with the parental allergens. The hybrid was also characterized immunologically through an in vivo mice model. RESULTS The hybrid rDer p 2231 stimulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from allergic patients with higher levels of IL- 2, IL-10, IL-15 and IFN-γ, as well as lower levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, TNF-α and GM-CSF. The use of hybrid molecules as a therapeutic model in D. pteronyssinus allergic mice led to the reduction of IgE production and lower eosinophilic peroxidase activity in the airways. We found increased levels of IgG antibodies that blocked the IgE binding to the parental allergens in the serum of allergic patients. Furthermore, the stimulation of splenocytes from mice treated with rDer p 2231 induced higher levels of IL-10 and IFN-γ and decreased the secretion of IL-4 and IL-5, when compared with parental allergens and D. pteronyssinus extract. CONCLUSIONS rDer p 2231 has the potential to be used in AIT in patients co-sensitized with D. pteronyssinus major allergens, once it was able to reduce IgE production, inducing allergen-specific blocking antibodies, restoring and balancing Th1/Th2 immune responses, and inducing regulatory T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antônio Márcio Santana Fernandes
- Laboratório de Alergia e Acarologia, Departamento de Ciências da Biointeração, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,Programas de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia da Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Santos da Silva
- Laboratório de Alergia e Acarologia, Departamento de Ciências da Biointeração, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Elisânia Fontes Silveira
- Laboratório de Alergia e Acarologia, Departamento de Ciências da Biointeração, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo Freire Santiago
- Laboratório de Alergia e Acarologia, Departamento de Ciências da Biointeração, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Raphael Chagas Silva
- Laboratório de Alergia e Acarologia, Departamento de Ciências da Biointeração, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Vitor Dos Santos Alves
- Laboratório de Alergia e Acarologia, Departamento de Ciências da Biointeração, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Deise Malta Carneiro
- Laboratório de Alergia e Acarologia, Departamento de Ciências da Biointeração, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Fatima Ferreira
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alain Jacquet
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Luis Gustavo Carvalho Pacheco
- Laboratório de Alergia e Acarologia, Departamento de Ciências da Biointeração, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,Programas de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia da Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Neuza Maria Alcantara-Neves
- Laboratório de Alergia e Acarologia, Departamento de Ciências da Biointeração, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,Programas de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia da Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Carina Silva Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Alergia e Acarologia, Departamento de Ciências da Biointeração, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,Programas de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia da Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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da Silva MB, Fernandes AMS, da Silva ES, Urrego JR, Santiago LF, Garcés LFS, Portela RD, Pacheco LGC, Briza P, Ferreira F, Pinheiro CS, Alcantara-Neves NM. Proteomics and immunoblotting analyses reveal antigens that optimize the immunodiagnosis of the infection by Toxocara spp. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e2994-e3006. [PMID: 35801561 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxocariasis is an infection caused by the round worms Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati. It occurs worldwide though it is more prevalent in developing countries. For the diagnosis of toxocariasis, the most used method is the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (indirect ELISA), based on the detection of specific antibodies using the excreted/secreted products from T. canis larvae (TES) as antigens, but it cross-reacts with several helminth infections. For this reason, there is a need to investigate species-specific immunoreactive proteins, which can be used for the development of a more sensitive and specific diagnosis. OBJECTIVE To investigate immunoreactive protein candidates to be used for the development of a more sensitive and specific diagnosis of Toxocara spp. infection in humans. METHODS We have used immunoblotting and mass spectrometry to select four Toxocara canis immunoreactive proteins that were recombinantly expressed in bacteria and evaluated as potential new diagnostic antigens (rMUC3, rTES 26, rTES32 and rCTL4). The recognition of these recombinant proteins by total serum IgG and IgG4 was assayed using the purified proteins in an isolated manner or in combination. RESULTS The IgG ELISAs performed with individual recombinant antigens reached values of sensitivity and specificity that ranged from 91.7% to 97.3% and 94.0% to 97.9%, respectively. Among the analyses, the IgG4 immunoassay was proven to be more effective, revealing a sensitivity that ranged from 88.8% to 98.3% and a specificity of 97.8% to 97.9%. The IgG4 ELISA was shown to be more effective and presented no cross-reactivity when using combinations of the rTES 26 and rCTL4 recombinant proteins. The combination of these two molecules achieved 100% sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSIONS The use of only two recombinant proteins can contribute to improve the current panorama of toxocariasis immunodiagnosis for, with a better optimization and reduced cost. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Juan Ricardo Urrego
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | | | | | - Ricardo Dias Portela
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Luis G C Pacheco
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Peter Briza
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Fátima Ferreira
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Carina Silva Pinheiro
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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