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Murphy TP, Tran JD, Colantonio DF, Le AH, Fredericks DR, Roach WB, Chung J, Pisano AJ, Wagner SC, Helgeson MD. Biomechanical Comparison of Anterior Cervical Plate Fixation Versus Integrated Fixation Cage for Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion. Clin Spine Surg 2024:01933606-990000000-00307. [PMID: 38650076 DOI: 10.1097/bsd.0000000000001630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Cadaveric, biomechanic study. OBJECTIVE To compare the range of motion profiles of the cervical spine following one-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) constructs instrumented with either an interbody cage and anterior plate or integrated fixation cage in a cadaveric model. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA While anterior plates with interbody cages are the most common construct of fixation in ACDF, newer integrated cage-plate devices seek to provide similar stability with a decreased implant profile. However, differences in postoperative cervical range of motion between the 2 constructs remain unclear. METHODS Six cadaveric spines were segmented into 2 functional spine units (FSUs): C2-C5 and C6-T2. Each FSU was nondestructively bent in flexion-extension (FE), right-left lateral bending (LB), and right-left axial rotation (AR) at a rate of 0.5°/s under a constant axial load until a limit of 2-Nm was reached to evaluate baseline range of motion (ROM). Matched pairs were then randomly assigned to undergo instrumentation with either the standard anterior cage and plate (CP) or the integrated fixation cage (IF). Following instrumentation, ROM was then remeasured as previously described. RESULTS For CP fixation, ROM increased by 61.2±31.7% for FE, 36.3±20.4% for LB, and 31.7±19.1% for AR. For IF fixation, ROM increased by 64.2±15.5% for FE, 56.7±39.8% for LB, and 94.5±65.1% for AR. There was no significant difference in motion between each group across FE, LB, and AR. CONCLUSION This biomechanical study demonstrated increased motion in both the CP and IF groups relative to the intact, un-instrumented state. However, our model showed no differences in ROM between CP and IF constructs in any direction of motion. These results suggest that either method of instrumentation is a suitable option for ACDF with respect to constructing stiffness at time zero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P Murphy
- Department of Orthopaedics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
| | - Jeremy D Tran
- Department of Orthopaedics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
| | - Donald F Colantonio
- Department of Orthopaedics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
| | - Anthony H Le
- DoD-VA Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD
| | - Donald R Fredericks
- Department of Orthopaedics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
| | - William B Roach
- Department of Orthopaedics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
| | - Joon Chung
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Alfred J Pisano
- Department of Orthopaedics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
| | - Scott C Wagner
- Department of Orthopaedics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
| | - Melvin D Helgeson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
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Murphy TP, Colantonio DF, Le AH, Fredericks DR, Schlaff CD, Holm EB, Sebastian AS, Pisano AJ, Helgeson MD, Wagner SC. Biomechanical Analysis of Multilevel Posterior Cervical Spinal Fusion Constructs. Clin Spine Surg 2023; 36:E212-E217. [PMID: 36823698 DOI: 10.1097/bsd.0000000000001429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Controlled Laboratory Study. OBJECTIVE To compare multilevel posterior cervical fusion (PCF) constructs stopping at C7, T1, and T2 under cyclic load to determine the range of motion (ROM) between the lowest instrumented level and lowest instrumented-adjacent level (LIV-1). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA PCF is a mainstay of treatment for various cervical spine conditions. The transition between the flexible cervical spine and rigid thoracic spine can lead to construct failure at the cervicothoracic junction. There is little evidence to determine the most appropriate level at which to stop a multilevel PCF. METHODS Fifteen human cadaveric cervicothoracic spines were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups: PCF stopping at C7, T1, or T2. Specimens were tested in their native state, following a simulated PCF, and after cyclic loading. Specimens were loaded in flexion-extension), lateral bending, and axial rotation. Three-dimensional kinematics were recorded to evaluate ROM. RESULTS The C7 group had greater flexion-extension motion than the T1 and T2 groups following instrumentation (10.17±0.83 degree vs. 2.77±1.66 degree and 1.06±0.55 degree, P <0.001), and after cyclic loading (10.42±2.30 degree vs. 2.47±0.64 degree and 1.99±1.23 degree, P <0.001). There was no significant difference between the T1 and T2 groups. The C7 group had greater lateral bending ROM than both thoracic groups after instrumentation (8.81±3.44 degree vs. 3.51±2.52 degree, P =0.013 and 1.99±1.99 degree, P =0.003) and after cyclic loading. The C7 group had greater axial rotation motion than the thoracic groups (4.46±2.27 degree vs. 1.26±0.69 degree, P =0.010; and 0.73±0.74 degree, P =0.003) following cyclic loading. CONCLUSION Motion at the cervicothoracic junction is significantly greater when a multilevel PCF stops at C7 rather than T1 or T2. This is likely attributable to the transition from a flexible cervical spine to a rigid thoracic spine. Although this does not account for in vivo fusion, surgeons should consider extending multilevel PCF constructs to T1 when feasible. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anthony H Le
- DoD-VA Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | - Erik B Holm
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
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Colantonio DF, Le AH, Pisano AJ, Chung JM, Wagner SC, Fredericks DR, Roach WB, Schlaff C, Dill A, Mauntel TC, Hendershot BD, Helgeson MD. Hooks Versus Pedicle Screws at the Upper Instrumented Level: An In Vitro Biomechanical Comparison. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2023; 48:E94-E100. [PMID: 36745404 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000004547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. OBJECTIVE The aim was to compare motions at the upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) and supra-adjacent level (UIV+1) between two fixation techniques in thoracic posterior spinal fusion constructs. We hypothesized there would be greater motion at UIV+1 after cyclic loading across all constructs and bilateral pedicle screws (BPSs) with posterior ligamentous compromise would demonstrate the greatest UIV+1 range of motion. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Proximal junctional kyphosis is a well-recognized complication following long thoracolumbar posterior spinal fusion, however, its mechanism is poorly understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-seven thoracic functional spine units were randomly divided into three UIV fixation groups (n=9): (1) BPS, (2) bilateral transverse process hooks (TPHs), and (3) BPS with compromise of the posterior elements between UIV and UIV+1 (BPS-C). Specimens were tested on a servohydraulic materials testing system in native state, following instrumentation, and after cyclic loading. functional spine units were loaded in flexion-extension (FE), lateral bending, and axial rotation. RESULTS After cyclic testing, the TPH group had a mean 29.4% increase in FE range of motion at UIV+1 versus 76.6% in the BPS group ( P <0.05). The BPS-C group showed an increased FE of 49.9% and 62.19% with sectioning of the facet joints and interspinous ligament respectively prior to cyclic testing. CONCLUSION BPSs at the UIV led to greater motion at UIV+1 compared to bilateral TPH after cyclic loading. This is likely due to the increased rigidity of BPS compared to TPH leading to a "softer" transition between the TPH construct and native anatomy at the supra-adjacent level. Facet capsule compromise led to a 49.9% increase in UIV+1 motion, underscoring the importance of preserving the posterior ligamentous complex. Clinical studies that account for fusion rates are warranted to determine if constructs with a "soft transition" result in less proximal junctional kyphosis in vivo .
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald F Colantonio
- Department of Orthopaedics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
| | - Anthony H Le
- DoD-VA Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alfred J Pisano
- Department of Orthopaedics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
| | - Joon M Chung
- School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Scott C Wagner
- Department of Orthopaedics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
| | - Donald R Fredericks
- Department of Orthopaedics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
| | - William B Roach
- Department of Orthopaedics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
| | - Cody Schlaff
- Department of Orthopaedics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
| | - Andrew Dill
- School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
| | - Timothy C Mauntel
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
- DoD-VA Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence, Womack Army Medical Center, Fort Bragg, NC
| | - Brad D Hendershot
- DoD-VA Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Science, Bethesda, MD
| | - Melvin D Helgeson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
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Colantonio DF, Kicklighter RK, Le AH, Nowicki MA, Posner MA, Zhou LF, Gee SM. Subcortical Backup Tibial Fixation in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Has Similar Maximal Strength to Current Techniques. Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil 2022; 5:e93-e101. [PMID: 36866315 PMCID: PMC9971884 DOI: 10.1016/j.asmr.2022.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the biomechanical profile of subcortical backup fixation (subcortical button [SB]) in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction as compared with a bicortical post and washer (BP) and suture anchor (SA) when used with interference screw (IS) primary fixation and to evaluate the utility of backup fixation for tibial fixation with extramedullary cortical button primary fixation. Methods Fifty composite tibias with polyester webbing-simulated graft were used to test constructs across 10 methods. Specimens were separated into the following groups (n = 5): 9-mm IS only, BP (with and without graft and IS), SB (with and without graft and IS), SA (with and without graft and IS), extramedullary suture button (with and without graft and IS), and extramedullary suture button with BP as backup fixation. Specimens were tested under cyclic loading and then loaded to failure. Maximal load at failure, displacement, and stiffness were compared. Results Without a graft, the SB and BP had similar maximal loads (802.46 ± 185.18 N vs 785.67 ± 100.96 N, P = .560), and both were stronger than the SA (368.13 ± 77.26 N, P < .001). With graft and an IS, there was no significant difference in maximal load between the BP (1,461.27 ± 173.75 N), SB (1,362.46 ± 80.47 N), and SA (1,334.52 ± 195.80 N). All backup fixation groups were stronger than the control group with IS fixation only (932.91 ± 99.86 N, P < .001). There was no significant difference in outcome measures between the extramedullary suture button groups with and without the BP (failure loads of 721.39 ± 103.32 N and 718.15 ± 108.61 N, respectively). Conclusions Subcortical backup fixation in ACL reconstruction has similar biomechanical properties to current methods and is a viable backup fixation alternative. Backup fixation methods work synergistically with IS primary fixation to strengthen the construct. There is no advantage to adding backup fixation to extramedullary button (all-inside) primary fixation when all suture strands are secured to the extramedullary button. Clinical Relevance This study provides evidence that subcortical backup fixation is a viable alternative for surgeons during ACL reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald F. Colantonio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A.,Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Rachel K. Kicklighter
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York, U.S.A
| | - Anthony H. Le
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York, U.S.A.,Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Margaret A. Nowicki
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York, U.S.A
| | - Matthew A. Posner
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A.,John A. Feagin Sports Medicine Fellowship, West Point, New York, U.S.A.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keller Army Community Hospital, West Point, New York, U.S.A
| | - Liang F. Zhou
- John A. Feagin Sports Medicine Fellowship, West Point, New York, U.S.A.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.A
| | - Shawn M. Gee
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A.,John A. Feagin Sports Medicine Fellowship, West Point, New York, U.S.A.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, Virginia, U.S.A.,Address correspondence to Shawn M. Gee, M.D., Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, 9300 DeWitt Loop, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060, U.S.A.
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Colantonio DF, Tucker CJ, Murphy TP, Mescher PK, Le AH, Putko RM, Holm ER, Weishar R, Vippa TK, Rudic TN, Chang ES. All-Suture Suspensory Button Has Similar Biomechanical Performance to Metal Suspensory Button for Onlay Subpectoral Biceps Tenodesis. Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil 2022; 4:e2051-e2058. [PMID: 36579049 PMCID: PMC9791876 DOI: 10.1016/j.asmr.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the maximal load at failure, cyclic displacement, and stiffness of onlay subpectoral biceps tenodesis (BT) with an intramedullary unicortical metal button (MB) versus a unicortical all-suture button (ASB). Methods Eighteen matched paired human cadaveric proximal humeri were randomly allocated for subpectoral BT with either ASB or MB using a high-strength suture. Specimens were tested on a servohydraulic mechanical testing apparatus under cyclic load for 1,000 cycles and then loaded to failure. The clamp was then adjusted to isolate the suture-anchor point interface and loaded to failure. Maximal load to failure, displacement, and stiffness were compared. Results There was no significant difference between groups in stiffness, displacement, or yield load. The maximal load to failure for the MB was greater than the ASB (347.6 ± 74.1N vs 266.5 ± 69.3N, P = .047). Eight specimens in each group failed by suture pull-through on the tendon. When the suture-anchor point interface was isolated, there was no significant difference in maximal load at failure (MB 586.5 ± 215.8N vs ASB 579.6 ± 255.9N, P = .957). Conclusions This study demonstrates that the MB and ASB have similar biomechanical performance when used in subpectoral BT. Although the MB showed statistically significant greater maximal load to failure, there was no difference between the MB and ASB when the suture-tendon interface was eliminated. Suture pull-through was the most common mode of failure for both implants, underscoring the importance of the suture-tendon interface. Clinical Relevance Fixation techniques for the treatment of long head of the biceps brachii tenodesis continue to evolve. The use of an all-suture suspensory button has advantages, but it is important to understand if this implant is a biomechanically suitable alternative to a metal suspensory button.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald F. Colantonio
- Department of Orthopaedics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland,Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland,Address correspondence to Donald F. Colantonio, M.D., 8901 Rockville Pike, Building 19, Room 2101, Bethesda, MD 20889
| | - Christopher J. Tucker
- Department of Orthopaedics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland,Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Timothy P. Murphy
- Department of Orthopaedics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland,Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Patrick K. Mescher
- Department of Orthopaedics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland,Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Anthony H. Le
- Department of Defense–Veterans Affairs Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence, USA
| | - Robert M. Putko
- Department of Orthopaedics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland,Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Erik R. Holm
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Robert Weishar
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tarun K. Vippa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inova Health System, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Theodore N. Rudic
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inova Health System, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Edward S. Chang
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inova Health System, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
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Carver JL, Le AH, Colantonio DF, Roach WB, Tucker CJ, Dickens JF, Hendershot BD, Helgeson MD, Mauntel TC. Knee Joint Peak Contact Pressure Location Following ACL And Meniscus Injuries And Surgical Treatments. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000877604.88632.8f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chang ES, Le AH, Looney AM, Colantonio DF, Roach WB, Helgeson MD, Clark DM, Fredericks DR, Nagda SH. Biomechanical Comparison of Anatomic Restoration of the Ulnar Footprint vs Traditional Ulnar Tunnels in Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction. Am J Sports Med 2022; 50:1375-1381. [PMID: 34889687 DOI: 10.1177/03635465211054475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current techniques for ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction do not reproduce the anatomic ulnar footprint of the UCL. The purpose of this study was to describe a novel UCL reconstruction technique that utilizes proximal-to-distal ulnar bone tunnels to better re-create the anatomy of the UCL and to compare the biomechanical profile at time zero among this technique, the native UCL, and the traditional docking technique. HYPOTHESIS The biomechanical profile of the anatomic technique is similar to the native UCL and traditional docking technique. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Ten matched cadaveric elbows were potted with the forearm in neutral rotation. The palmaris longus tendon graft was harvested, and bones were sectioned 14 cm proximal and distal to the elbow joint. Specimen testing included (1) native UCL testing performed at 90° of flexion with 0.5 N·m of valgus moment preload, (2) cyclic loading from 0.5 to 5 N·m of valgus moment for 1000 cycles at 1 Hz, and (3) load to failure at 0.2 mm/s. Elbows then underwent UCL reconstruction with 1 elbow of each pair receiving the classic docking technique using either anatomic (proximal to distal) or traditional (anterior to posterior) tunnel locations. Specimen testing was then repeated as described. RESULTS There were no differences in maximum load at failure between the anatomic and traditional tunnel location techniques (mean ± SD, 34.90 ± 10.65 vs 37.28 ± 14.26 N·m; P = .644) or when including the native UCL (45.83 ± 17.03 N·m; P = .099). Additionally, there were no differences in valgus angle after 1000 cycles across the anatomic technique (4.58°± 1.47°), traditional technique (4.08°± 1.28°), and native UCL (4.07°± 1.99°). The anatomic group and the native UCL had similar valgus angles at failure (24.13°± 5.86° vs 20.13°± 5.70°; P = .083), while the traditional group had a higher valgus angle at failure when compared with the native UCL (24.88°± 6.18° vs 19.44°± 5.86°; P = .015). CONCLUSION In this cadaveric model, UCL reconstruction with the docking technique utilizing proximal-to-distal ulnar tunnels better restored the ulnar footprint while providing valgus stability comparable with reconstruction with the docking technique using traditional anterior-to-posterior ulnar tunnel locations. These results suggest that utilization of the anatomic tunnel location in UCL reconstruction has similar biomechanical properties to the traditional method at the time of initial fixation (ie, not accounting for healing after reconstruction in vivo) while keeping the ulnar tunnels farther from the ulnar nerve. Further studies are warranted to determine if an anatomically based UCL reconstruction results in differing outcomes than traditional reconstruction techniques. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Current UCL reconstruction techniques do not accurately re-create the ulnar UCL footprint. The UCL is a dynamic constraint to valgus loads at the elbow, and a more anatomic reconstruction may afford more natural joint kinematics. This more anatomic technique performs similarly to the traditional docking technique at time zero, and the results of this study may offer a starting point for future in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward S Chang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Health System, Fairfax, Virginia, USA.,Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anthony H Le
- Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Department of Defense-Department of Veterans Affairs, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Austin M Looney
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Donald F Colantonio
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - William B Roach
- Department of Orthopaedics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Melvin D Helgeson
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - DesRaj M Clark
- Department of Orthopaedics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Donald R Fredericks
- Department of Orthopaedics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sameer H Nagda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Health System, Fairfax, Virginia, USA.,Anderson Orthopaedic Clinic, Arlington, Virginia, USA
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Colantonio DF, Le AH, Keeling LE, Slaven SE, Vippa TK, Helgeson MD, Chang ES. Intramedullary Unicortical Button and All-Suture Anchors Provide Similar Maximum Strength for Onlay Distal Biceps Tendon Repair. Arthroscopy 2022; 38:287-294. [PMID: 34332050 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2021.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the biomechanical profile of onlay distal biceps repair with an intramedullary unicortical button versus all-suture anchors under cyclic loading and maximal load to failure. METHODS Twenty paired fresh-frozen human cadaveric elbows were randomized to onlay distal biceps repair with either a single intramedullary button or with two 1.35-mm all-suture anchors. A 1.3-mm high tensile strength tape was used in a Krackow stitch to suture the tendons in both groups. Specimens and repair constructs were loaded for 3,000 cycles and then loaded to failure. Maximum load to failure, mode of failure, and construct elongation were recorded. RESULTS Mean (± standard deviation) maximum load to failure for the unicortical intramedullary button and all-suture anchor repairs were 503.23 ± 141.77 N and 537.33 ± 262.13 N (P = .696), respectively. Mean maximum displacement after 3,000 cycles (± standard deviation) was 4.17 ± 2.05 mm in the button group and 2.06 ± 1.05 mm in the suture anchor group (P = .014). Mode of failure in the button group was suture tape rupture in 7 specimens, failure at the tendon-suture interface in 2 specimens, and button pullout in 1 specimen. Anchor pullout was the mode of failure in all suture anchor specimens. There were no tendon ruptures or radial tuberosity fractures in either group. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that onlay distal biceps repair with 2 all-suture anchors has similar maximum strength to repair with an intramedullary button and that both are viable options for fixation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE All-suture anchors and unicortical intramedullary button have similar maximum strength at time zero. Both constructs provide suitable fixation for onlay distal biceps repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald F Colantonio
- Department of Orthopaedics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A.; Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A..
| | - Anthony H Le
- DoD-VA Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Laura E Keeling
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, U.S.A
| | - Sean E Slaven
- Department of Orthopaedics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A.; Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Tarun K Vippa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inova Health System, Fairfax, Virginia, U.S.A
| | - Melvin D Helgeson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A.; Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Edward S Chang
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A.; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inova Health System, Fairfax, Virginia, U.S.A
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Le AH, Roach WB, Mauntel TC, Hendershot BD, Helgeson MD, Colantonio DF, Fredericks DR, Slaven SE, Pisano AJ, LeClere LE. A Biomechanical Comparison of High-Tensile Strength Tape Versus High-Tensile Strength Suture for Tendon Fixation Under Cyclic Loading. Arthroscopy 2021; 37:2925-2933. [PMID: 33901508 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2021.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the biomechanical properties of high-tensile strength tape and high-tensile strength suture across 2 selected stitch techniques, the Krackow and whip stitch, in securing tendinous tissue during 5,000 cycles of nondestructive loading followed by a load to failure. METHODS Fourteen matched pairs each of cadaveric Achilles, quadriceps, and patellar tendons (n = 84) were randomly assigned to either Krackow or whip stitch and sutured with either 2-mm high-tensile strength tape or No. 2 high-tensile strength suture. Specimens were preloaded to 20 N, cyclically loaded from 20 to 200 N for 5,000 cycles at 2 Hz, and then loaded to failure at 200 mm/min. Linear mixed models evaluated the effects of suture material and stitch technique on cyclic normalized tendon-suture elongation, total normalized tendon-suture elongation at 5,000 cycles, and maximum load at failure. RESULTS Across all suture constructs, normalized elongation was greater during the initial 10 cycles, compared with all subsequent cycling intervals (all P < .001). There was less total normalized elongation (β = -0.239; P = .007) and greater maximum load at failure in tape (β = 163.71; P = .014) when used in the Krackow stitch compared with the whip stitch. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that tape used in the Krackow stitch maintains the most favorable fixation strength after enduring cyclic loading, with greater maximum load at failure. In addition, overall normalized elongation during long-term cyclic loading was predominately affected by the stitch technique used, regardless of the suture material; however, tape allowed less normalized elongation during the initial loading cycles, especially when placed in the whip stitch. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Understanding the potential short- and long-term outcomes of suture material and stitch technique on securing tendinous tissue under repetitive stresses can help inform clinicians on optimal tendon fixation techniques for early postoperative activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony H Le
- DoD-VA Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda.
| | - William B Roach
- Department of Orthopaedics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda
| | - Timothy C Mauntel
- DoD-VA Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda; Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda
| | - Brad D Hendershot
- DoD-VA Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Science, Bethesda
| | - Melvin D Helgeson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda; Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda
| | - Donald F Colantonio
- Department of Orthopaedics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda
| | - Donald R Fredericks
- Department of Orthopaedics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda
| | - Sean E Slaven
- Department of Orthopaedics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda
| | - Alfred J Pisano
- Department of Orthopaedics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda
| | - Lance E LeClere
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Naval Health Clinic, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland, U.S.A
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Browning GR, Le AH, Warnock JJ, Balasubramanian R. An Investigation of a Novel Tendon Transfer Surgery for High Median-Ulnar Nerve Palsy in a Chicken Model. J INVEST SURG 2017; 32:39-47. [PMID: 28972426 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2017.1373169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The state-of-the-art tendon transfer surgery for high median-ulnar nerve palsy involves directly suturing four finger flexor tendons to one wrist extensor muscle. This couples finger flexion limiting the patient's ability to grasp objects. Therefore, we propose a new approach to attach a novel passive implant to the extensor digitorum longus tendon in order to create a differential mechanism in situ. The implant is expected to enable the fingers to adapt to an object's shape during grasping. Chickens have been used as a model in tendon research, but studies have primarily focused on the digital flexor tendon mechanism. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of the chicken model for extensor tendon research and to validate the surgical technique for a new approach to tendon transfer surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-nine chickens were randomly divided into three groups: implant (n = 12), sham (n = 10), and control (n = 7). Postoperative healing and complications were documented. RESULTS Surgery was successful in all chickens. All animals healed appropriately by Day 16 postoperatively. Chickens in the implant group experienced significantly more intermittent toe-knuckling gait than the sham group (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The described surgical technique allowed for successful application of a novel implantable passive mechanism in a live chicken model. In combination with previous work, findings from the present study further validated a novel tendon-transfer surgery for high median-ulnar nerve palsy. Based on the degree of intermittent abnormal gait experienced by the implant group, refinement to the implant design is warranted in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey R Browning
- a College of Veterinary Medicine , Oregon State University , Corvallis , Oregon , USA
| | - Anthony H Le
- b School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering , Oregon State University , Corvallis , Oregon , USA.,c School of Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Engineering, College of Engineering , Oregon State University , Corvallis , Oregon , USA
| | - Jennifer J Warnock
- a College of Veterinary Medicine , Oregon State University , Corvallis , Oregon , USA
| | - Ravi Balasubramanian
- c School of Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Engineering, College of Engineering , Oregon State University , Corvallis , Oregon , USA
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Arikawa-Hirasawa E, Wilcox WR, Le AH, Silverman N, Govindraj P, Hassell JR, Yamada Y. Dyssegmental dysplasia, Silverman-Handmaker type, is caused by functional null mutations of the perlecan gene. Nat Genet 2001; 27:431-4. [PMID: 11279527 DOI: 10.1038/86941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Perlecan is a large heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycan present in all basement membranes and in some other tissues such as cartilage, and is implicated in cell growth and differentiation. Mice lacking the perlecan gene (Hspg2) have a severe chondrodysplasia with dyssegmental ossification of the spine and show radiographic, clinical and chondro-osseous morphology similar to a lethal autosomal recessive disorder in humans termed dyssegmental dysplasia, Silverman-Handmaker type (DDSH; MIM 224410). Here we report a homozygous, 89-bp duplication in exon 34 of HSPG2 in a pair of siblings with DDSH born to consanguineous parents, and heterozygous point mutations in the 5' donor site of intron 52 and in the middle of exon 73 in a third, unrelated patient, causing skipping of the entire exons 52 and 73 of the HSPG2 transcript, respectively. These mutations are predicted to cause a frameshift, resulting in a truncated protein core. The cartilage matrix from these patients stained poorly with antibody specific for perlecan, but there was staining of intracellular inclusion bodies. Biochemically, truncated perlecan was not secreted by the patient fibroblasts, but was degraded to smaller fragments within the cells. Thus, DDSH is caused by a functional null mutation of HSPG2. Our findings demonstrate the critical role of perlecan in cartilage development.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Arikawa-Hirasawa
- Craniofacial Developmental Biology and Regeneration Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Abstract
The fitting characteristics of 1-day Acuvue disposable soft contact lenses (SCLs) [base curve (BC) 9.0 mm, diameter 14.2 mm] and 14-day Acuvue disposable SCLa (BC 8.8 mm, diameter 14.0 mm) were evaluated and compared with respect to lens centration and post-blink movement in primary gaze and in upgaze. In this double-blind study 25 successful daily wearers of either the 1-day lens or the 14-day lens with the same parameters were randomly fit with three 1-day lenses and three 14-day lenses for a total of 6 lenses per eye. The lene fit was evaluated 5 min after insertion. Lens centration was assessed by measuring temporal, nasal, superior and inferior limbal coverage, and then comparing the net horizontal centration (temporal minus nasal coverage) and the net vertical centration (superior minus inferior coverage) of the 1-day and 14-day lenses. There was no significant difference between the two lenses in terms of temporal, superior, and inferior limbal coverage (p > 0.05). However, the 1-day lens showed statistically more nasal coverage (p < 0.05). No statistically significant difference in movement or in horizontal and vertical differences in centration were found (p > 0.05). Although our findings indicate a subtle statistical difference in fitting characteristics, clinically the two lenses should provide similar fits.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Le
- Morton D. Sarver Laboratory for Contact Lens and Corneal Research, School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, USA
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Hanna SL, Parham DM, Fairclough DL, Meyer WH, Le AH, Fletcher BD. Assessment of osteosarcoma response to preoperative chemotherapy using dynamic FLASH gadolinium-DTPA-enhanced magnetic resonance mapping. Invest Radiol 1992; 27:367-73. [PMID: 1582820 DOI: 10.1097/00004424-199205000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To improve the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in evaluating the response of osteosarcomas to preoperative chemotherapy, the authors developed a technique of mapping tumor necrosis and viability by quantitating slope values of gadolinium-DTPA (Gd-DTPA) uptake on dynamic fast low-angle shot (FLASH) images. METHODS Dynamic contrast-enhanced FLASH imaging of a single representative plane was performed on six osteosarcomas. Tumors were mapped by dividing resultant images into contiguous regions of interest and deriving slopes representing percentage increase in signal intensity (SI) per minute over the baseline for each region. The results were compared with estimations of viable tumor volume on subtracted Gd-DTPA-enhanced T1-weighted images and histologic maps of necrotic and viable tumor. RESULTS Dynamic FLASH estimations of percent tumor necrosis using a critical slope value of 45% per minute correctly predicted histologic response to chemotherapy in all six patients. Comparison of dynamic FLASH and histologic maps showed a high degree of correlation. Static enhanced T1-weighted images overestimated the amount of residual viable tumor. CONCLUSIONS Dynamic FLASH Gd-DTPA-enhanced mapping is a potentially useful noninvasive method of quantitating tumor response to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Hanna
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38101
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Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a sensitive method for the diagnosis of bone marrow abnormalities, but its usefulness in detecting active disseminated cancer in this tissue in treated patients has not been determined. We therefore examined 14 children who had been treated for disseminated bone marrow involvement by neuroblastoma (n = 6), lymphoma (n = 3), Ewing's sarcoma (n = 3), osteosarcoma (n = 1), and leukemia (n = 1). MRI studies were performed at 21 marrow sites to evaluate residual or recurrent tumor and were correlated with histologic material from the same site. T1- and T2-weighted sequences were employed in 21 and 14 studies, respectively; short tau inversion recovery (STIR) in 18; and static gadolinium diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DPTA)-enhanced. T1-weighted sequences in 13. All MRI studies showed an altered bone marrow signal. Technetium 99m methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) bone scintigraphy was also performed (19 studies). On histologic examination, 7 marrow specimens contained tumor, and 14 did not. Of the 7 tumor-positive lesions, all T1-weighted, 4 of 6 T2-weighted, and all 6 STIR sequences showed abnormal signal; all 5 Gd-DTPA-enhanced. T1-weighted sequences showed enhancement of the lesion. However, abnormal signals were also observed on all T1-weighted, 6 of 8 T2-weighted, 11 of 12 STIR, and 5 of 8 Gd-DTPA-enhanced, T1-weighted images of the tumor-negative sites. In this clinical setting, MRI did not consistently differentiate changes associated with treatment from malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Hanna
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38101
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