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Saleh HMM, Al-Khalaf AA, Alwaili MA, Dey D. First record of Apanteles hemara (N.) on Leucinodes orbonalis Guenée and biodiversity of Hymenoptera parasitoids on Brinjal. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16870. [PMID: 38563014 PMCID: PMC10984170 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The brinjal fruit and shoot borer (BFSB), Leucinodes orbonalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is a very detrimental pest that causes significant economic losses to brinjal crop worldwide. Infested brinjal fruits were collected from vegetable fields located at the ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi, India, during two consecutive seasons (2021-2022). The larvae of the pest were brought to the laboratory and reared under controlled conditions of 25 ± 0.5 °C and 70 ± 5% relative humidity, for the emergence of parasitoids. In addition, the survey of Hymenoptera parasitoids in brinjal was conducted utilizing a sweep net and yellow pan trap over the course of two seasons. The results reveal that five parasitoid species were emerged from L. orbonalis viz., Apanteles hemara Nixon, 1965, Bracon greeni Ashmead 1896 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Goryphus nursei (Cameron, 1907), Trathala flavoorbitalis (Cameron, 1907) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and Spalangia gemina Boucek 1963 (Hymenoptera: Spalangiidae). Out of these, A. hemara and S. gemina were documented as new occurrences in Delhi. Additionally, A. hemara was recorded for the first time as a parasite on L. orbonalis. Trathala flavoorbitalis was observed during both seasons and exhibited higher parasitism reaching 15.55% and 18.46% in July and August 2022, respectively. However, the average parasitism (%) recorded by A. hemara, B. greeni, G. nursei, T. flavoorbitalis and S. gemina was 3.10%, 1.76%, 1.10%, 9.28% and 1.20% respectively. Furthermore, the findings showed a significant (p ≤ 0.01) strongly positive correlation between fruit infestation (%) by L. orbonalis and parasitism (%). The survey indicates the presence of a broad group (19 families and 60 species) of Hymenoptera parasitoids in the brinjal crop ecosystem in Delhi which could be valuable in biological control. In light of these results, this study revealed that A. hemara and other parasitoids identified in this study alongside T. flavoorbitalis would be ideal biocontrol agents within the integrated pest management (IPM) program of BFSB in Delhi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hager M. M. Saleh
- National Pusa Collection, Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Areej A. Al-Khalaf
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Abdullah Alwaili
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Debjani Dey
- National Pusa Collection, Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Abdelghany WR, Yassin AS, Abu-Ellail FFB, Al-Khalaf AA, Omara RI, Hozzein WN. Combatting Sugar Beet Root Rot: Streptomyces Strains' Efficacy against Fusarium oxysporum. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:311. [PMID: 38276766 PMCID: PMC10820957 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Sugar beet root rot disease triggered by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-betae is a destructive disease and dramatically affects the production and quality of the sugar beet industry. Employing beneficial microorganisms as a biocontrol strategy represents an eco-friendly and sustainable approach to combat various plant diseases. The distinct aspect of this study was to assess the antifungal and plant growth-promoting capabilities of recently isolated Streptomyces to treat sugar beet plants against infection with the phytopathogen F. oxysporum. Thirty-seven actinobacterial isolates were recovered from the rhizosphere of healthy sugar beet plants and screened for their potential to antagonize F. oxysporum in vitro. Two isolates SB3-15 and SB2-23 that displayed higher antagonistic effects were morphologically and molecularly identified as Streptomyces spp. Seed treatment with the fermentation broth of the selected Streptomyces strains SB3-15 and SB2-23 significantly reduced disease severity compared to the infected control in a greenhouse experiment. Streptomyces SB2-23 exhibited the highest protective activity with high efficacy ranging from 91.06 to 94.77% compared to chemical fungicide (86.44 to 92.36%). Furthermore, strain SB2-23 significantly increased plant weight, root weight, root length, and diameter. Likewise, it improves sucrose percentage and juice purity. As a consequence, the strain SB2-23's intriguing biocontrol capability and sugar beet root growth stimulation present promising prospects for its utilization in both plant protection and enhancement strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa R. Abdelghany
- Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Abeer S. Yassin
- Sugar Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | | | - Areej A. Al-Khalaf
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reda I. Omara
- Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Wael N. Hozzein
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
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Soliman MM, Al-Khalaf AA, El-Hawagry MSA. Effects of Climatic Change on Potential Distribution of Spogostylum ocyale (Diptera: Bombyliidae) in the Middle East Using Maxent Modelling. Insects 2023; 14:120. [PMID: 36835689 PMCID: PMC9960050 DOI: 10.3390/insects14020120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Spogostylum ocyale (Wiedemann 1828) is a large robust species of bee fly (family Bombyliidae), known to be a larval ectoparasitoid as well as an important flower pollinator as an adult. This species has become extremely rare or has disappeared from many of its historic habitats due to substantial changes in floral and faunal compositions in recent years. Climate change and urbanisation, together with other anthropogenic activities, may be to blame for these changes. Distribution modelling based on environmental variables together with known occurrences is a powerful tool in analytical biology, with applications in ecology, evolution, conservation management, epidemiology and other fields. Based on climatological and topographic data, the current and future distributions of the parasitoid in the Middle East region was predicted using the maximum entropy model (Maxent). The model performance was satisfactory (AUC mean = 0.834; TSS mean = 0.606) and revealed a good potential distribution for S. ocyale featured by the selected factors. A set of seven predictors was chosen from 19 bioclimatic variables and one topographic variable. The results show that the distribution of S. ocyale is mainly affected by the maximum temperature of the warmest period (Bio5) and temperature annual range (Bio7). According to the habitat suitability map, coastal regions with warm summers and cold winters had high to medium suitability. However, future scenarios predict a progressive decline in the extent of suitable habitats with global climate warming. These findings lead to robust conservation management measures in current or future conservation planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa M. Soliman
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Areej A. Al-Khalaf
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
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El Sherif DF, Soliman NH, Alshallash KS, Ahmed N, Ibrahim MAR, A. Al-Shammery K, Al-Khalaf AA. The Binary Mixtures of Lambda-Cyhalothrin, Chlorfenapyr, and Abamectin, against the House Fly Larvae, Musca domestica L. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103084. [PMID: 35630573 PMCID: PMC9146536 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The house fly Musca domestica L. is one of the medical and veterinary pests that can develop resistance to different insecticides. Mixing insecticides is a new strategy for accelerating pest control; furthermore, it can overcome insect resistance to insecticides. This study aims to evaluate three insecticides, chlorfenapyr, abamectin, and lambda-cyhalothrin, individually and their binary mixtures against 2nd instar larvae of M. domestica laboratory strain. Chlorfenapyr exhibited the most toxic effect on larvae, followed by abamectin then the lambda-cyhalothrin. The half-lethal concentrations (LC50) values were 3.65, 30.6, and 94.89 ppm, respectively. These results revealed that the high potentiation effect was the mixture of abamectin/chlorfenapyr in all the mixing ratios. In contrast, the tested combination of lambda-cyhalothrin/abamectin showed an antagonism effect at all mixing ratios against house fly larvae. The total protein, esterases, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and cytochrome P-450 activity were also measured in the current investigation in the larvae treated with chlorfenapyr. Our results indicate that GST may play a role in detoxifying chlorfenapyr in M. domestica larvae. The highest activity of glutathione-S-transferase was achieved in treated larvae with chlorfenapyr, and an increase in cytochrome P-450 activity in the larvae was observed post-treatment with Abamectin/chlorfenapyr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa F. El Sherif
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (D.F.E.S.); (A.A.A.-K.)
| | - Nagat H. Soliman
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt;
| | - Khalid S. Alshallash
- College of Science and Humanities-Huraymila, Imam Mohammed Bin Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nevin Ahmed
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Benha 13736, Egypt;
| | - Mervat A. R. Ibrahim
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | | | - Areej A. Al-Khalaf
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (D.F.E.S.); (A.A.A.-K.)
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Awad MA, Eid AM, Elsheikh TMY, Al-Faifi ZE, Saad N, Sultan MH, Selim S, Al-Khalaf AA, Fouda A. Mycosynthesis, Characterization, and Mosquitocidal Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Fabricated by Aspergillus niger Strain. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8040396. [PMID: 35448627 PMCID: PMC9026153 DOI: 10.3390/jof8040396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were synthesized using an environmentally friendly approach by harnessing the metabolites of Aspergillus niger F2. The successful formation of Ag-NPs was checked by a color change to yellowish-brown, followed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Data showed the successful formation of crystalline Ag-NPs with a spherical shape at the maximum surface plasmon resonance of 420 nm with a size range of 3–13 nm. The Ag-NPs showed high toxicity against I, II, III, and IV instar larvae and pupae of Aedes aegypti with LC50 and LC90 values of 12.4–22.9 ppm and 22.4–41.4 ppm, respectively under laboratory conditions. The field assay exhibited the highest reduction in larval density due to treatment with Ag-NPs (10× LC50) with values of 59.6%, 74.7%, and 100% after 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. The exposure of A. aegypti adults to the vapor of burning Ag-NPs-based coils caused a reduction of unfed individuals with a percentage of 81.6 ± 0.5% compared with the positive control, pyrethrin-based coils (86.1 ± 1.1%). The ovicidal activity of biosynthesized Ag-NPs caused the hatching of the eggs with percentages of 50.1 ± 0.9, 33.5 ± 1.1, 22.9 ± 1.1, and 13.7 ± 1.2% for concentrations of 5, 10, 15, and 20 ppm, whereas Ag-NPs at a concentration of 25 and 30 ppm caused complete egg mortality (100%). The obtained data confirmed the applicability of biosynthesized Ag-NPs to the biocontrol of A. aegypti at low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Awad
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (M.A.A.); (T.M.Y.E.)
| | - Ahmed M. Eid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (A.M.E.); (A.F.); Tel.: +20-100-015-4414 (A.M.E.); +20-111-335-1244 (A.F.)
| | - Tarek M. Y. Elsheikh
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (M.A.A.); (T.M.Y.E.)
| | - Zarraq E. Al-Faifi
- Center for Environmental Research and Studies, Jazan University, P.O. Box 2097, Jazan 42145, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nadia Saad
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud H. Sultan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, P.O. Box 72388, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Areej A. Al-Khalaf
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amr Fouda
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (A.M.E.); (A.F.); Tel.: +20-100-015-4414 (A.M.E.); +20-111-335-1244 (A.F.)
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Al-Khalaf AA. Modeling the potential distribution of the predator of honey bees, Palarus latifrons, in the Arabian deserts using Maxent and GIS. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:5667-5673. [PMID: 34588878 PMCID: PMC8459062 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The species Palarus latifrons (bee pirates) has been recorded in Saudi Arabia as an invasive species. This pest can destroy honey bee colonies under certain conditions. The origin of this species in Africa and it has a good ability to adapt to desert conditions. Studies on this species are very few but its current distribution in the Arabian deserts is mainly in the Arabian Gulf countries. This study presents maps for the possible expansion of this species to invade other desert areas in the Arabian countries' under current and near-future conditions (2030). Methods This pest is a solitary insect with high activity during summer. It is hypothesized that summer conditions and especially temperature are the limiting factor for its distribution in the deserts. The analysis depended on generating maps based on temperatures during summer and based on two bioclimatic factors. Maxent and the geographical information system (GIS) were used to perform the analysis. Results and conclusions All maps showed the high ability of this pest to spread in the Gulf countries. In North Africa: south Egypt and Libya, and some parts of Algeria showed suitability for Palarus. The invasion of this pest towards North Africa can happen mostly due to trading activities with Gulf countries especially materials containing soil. Continues monitoring for the activity of Palarus in the risk areas is highly advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areej A Al-Khalaf
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Khalaf AA, Hassan HM, Alrajhi AM, Mohamed RAEH, Hozzein WN. Anti-Cancer and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of the Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles of the Red Sea Sponge Phyllospongia lamellosa Supported by Metabolomics Analysis and Docking Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:1155. [PMID: 34680736 PMCID: PMC8532725 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10101155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Red Sea sponges have been endorsed as a plentiful source of bioactive compounds with promising anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities; therefore, exploring their potential as a source of anti-cancer metabolites has stimulated a growing research interest. PURPOSE To investigate the anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory potential of the Red Sea sponges, in their bulk and silver nanostructure. Metabolomics analysis of the selected sponge followed by molecular docking studies, will be conducted to explore and predict the secondary metabolites that might provide its capability of inhibiting cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS We prepared a chloroform extract (CE) and ethyl acetate extract (EE) of the Red Sea sponge Phyllospongia lamellosa synthesized silver nanoparticles. The prepared silver nanoparticles were characterized through UV-vis spectrophotometric, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. Testing for their anti-cancer activities was performed against MCF-7, MDB-231, and MCF-10A cells. Anti-inflammatory activity against COX-1 and 2 was assessed. Furthermore, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics analysis and molecular docking were also applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areej A. Al-Khalaf
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (R.A.E.H.M.)
| | - Hossam M. Hassan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Aisha M Alrajhi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (R.A.E.H.M.)
| | - Rania Ali El Hadi Mohamed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (R.A.E.H.M.)
| | - Wael N. Hozzein
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
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Ferguson CTJ, Al-Khalaf AA, Isaac RE, Cayre OJ. pH-responsive polymer microcapsules for targeted delivery of biomaterials to the midgut of Drosophila suzukii. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201294. [PMID: 30091982 PMCID: PMC6084892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila suzukii or spotted wing Drosophila is an economically important pest which can have a devastating impact on soft and stone fruit industries. Biological pesticides are being sought as alternatives to synthetic chemicals to control this invasive pest, but many are subject to degradation either in the environment or in the insect gut and as a result require protection. In this study we identified a sharp change in pH of the adult midgut from neutral to acidic (pH <3), which we then exploited to develop poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P2VP) microcapsules that respond to the change in midgut pH by dissolution and release of their cargo for uptake into the insect. First, we used labelled solid poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) particles to show that microcapsules with a diameter less than 15 μm are readily ingested by the adult insect. To encapsulate water-soluble biological species in an aqueous continuous phase, a multiple emulsion template was used as a precursor for the synthesis of pH-responsive P2VP microcapsules with a fluorescent (FITC-dextran) cargo. The water-soluble agent was initially separated from the aqueous continuous phase by an oil barrier, which was subsequently polymerised. The P2VP microcapsules were stable at pH > 6, but underwent rapid dissolution at pH < 4.2. In vivo studies showed that the natural acidity of the midgut of D. suzukii also induced the breakdown of the responsive P2VP microcapsules to release FITC-dextran which was taken up into the body of the insect and accumulated in the renal tubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum T. J. Ferguson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Areej A. Al-Khalaf
- College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - R. Elwyn Isaac
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Olivier J. Cayre
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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