1
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Kesisoglou F, Basu S, Belubbi T, Bransford P, Chung J, Dodd S, Dolton M, Heimbach T, Kulkarni P, Lin W, Moir A, Parrott N, Pepin X, Ren X, Sharma P, Stamatopoulos K, Tistaert C, Vaidhyanathan S, Wagner C, Riedmaier AE. Streamlining Food Effect Assessment - Are Repeated Food Effect Studies Needed? An IQ Analysis. AAPS J 2023; 25:60. [PMID: 37322223 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-023-00822-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Current regulatory guidelines on drug-food interactions recommend an early assessment of food effect to inform clinical dosing instructions, as well as a pivotal food effect study on the to-be-marketed formulation if different from that used in earlier trials. Study waivers are currently only granted for BCS class 1 drugs. Thus, repeated food effect studies are prevalent in clinical development, with the initial evaluation conducted as early as the first-in-human studies. Information on repeated food effect studies is not common in the public domain. The goal of the work presented in this manuscript from the Food Effect PBPK IQ Working Group was to compile a dataset on these studies across pharmaceutical companies and provide recommendations on their conduct. Based on 54 studies collected, we report that most of the repeat food effect studies do not result in meaningful differences in the assessment of the food effect. Seldom changes observed were more than twofold. There was no clear relationship between the change in food effect and the formulation change, indicating that in most cases, once a compound is formulated appropriately within a specific formulation technology, the food effect is primarily driven by inherent compound properties. Representative examples of PBPK models demonstrate that following appropriate validation of the model with the initial food effect study, the models can be applied to future formulations. We recommend that repeat food effect studies should be approached on a case-by-case basis taking into account the totality of the evidence including the use of PBPK modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sumit Basu
- Clinical Pharmacology - Oncology, Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
| | - Tejashree Belubbi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philip Bransford
- Data & Computational Sciences, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John Chung
- Drug Product Technologies, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Stephanie Dodd
- Chemical & Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Tycho Heimbach
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | | | - Wen Lin
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Sanofi, Bridgewater, New Jersey, USA
| | - Andrea Moir
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Neil Parrott
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Pepin
- New Modalities and Parenteral Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Charter Way, Macclesfield, SK10 2NA, UK
- Regulatory Affairs, Simulations Plus, Lancaster, CA, USA
| | - Xiaojun Ren
- Modeling & Simulation, PK Sciences, Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
| | - Pradeep Sharma
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Shruthi Vaidhyanathan
- Drug Product Science and Technology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Christian Wagner
- Global Drug Product Development, Global CMC Development, the Healthcare Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
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2
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Al Shoyaib A, Riedmaier AE, Kumar A, Roy P, Parrott NJ, Fang L, Tampal N, Yang Y, Jereb R, Zhao L, Wu F. Regulatory utility of physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling for assessing food impact in bioequivalence studies: A workshop summary report. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2023; 12:610-618. [PMID: 36597353 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This workshop report summarizes the presentations and panel discussion related to the use of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling approaches for food effect assessment, collected from Session 2 of Day 2 of the workshop titled "Regulatory Utility of Mechanistic Modeling to Support Alternative Bioequivalence Approaches." The US Food and Drug Administration in collaboration with the Center for Research on Complex Generics organized this workshop where this particular session titled "Oral PBPK for Evaluating the Impact of Food on BE" presented successful cases of PBPK modeling approaches for food effect assessment. Recently, PBPK modeling has started to gain popularity among academia, industries, and regulatory agencies for its potential utility during bioavailability (BA) and/or bioequivalence (BE) studies of new and generic drug products to assess the impact of food on BA/BE. Considering the promises of PBPK modeling in generic drug development, the aim of this workshop session was to facilitate knowledge sharing among academia, industries, and regulatory agencies to understand the knowledge gap and guide the path forward. This report collects and summarizes the information presented and discussed during this session to disseminate the information into a broader audience for further advancement in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Shoyaib
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Maryland, Silver Spring, USA
| | | | - Anita Kumar
- Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Bridgewater, New Jersey, USA
| | - Partha Roy
- Office of Bioequivalence, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Lanyan Fang
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Maryland, Silver Spring, USA
| | - Nilufer Tampal
- Office of Bioequivalence, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuching Yang
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Rebeka Jereb
- Sandoz Development Center, Clinical Development, Sandoz, Slovenia
| | - Liang Zhao
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Maryland, Silver Spring, USA
| | - Fang Wu
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Maryland, Silver Spring, USA
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3
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Petersson C, Zhou X, Berghausen J, Cebrian D, Davies M, DeMent K, Eddershaw P, Riedmaier AE, Leblanc AF, Manveski N, Marathe P, Mavroudis PD, McDougall R, Parrott N, Reichel A, Rotter C, Tess D, Volak LP, Xiao G, Yang Z, Baker J. Current Approaches for Predicting Human PK for Small Molecule Development Candidates: Findings from the IQ Human PK Prediction Working Group Survey. AAPS J 2022; 24:85. [DOI: 10.1208/s12248-022-00735-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- Arian Emami Riedmaier
- Nonclinical Disposition and Bioanalysis, Nonclinical R&D, Bristol Myers Squibb, Rt. 206 & Province Line Roads, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA.
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5
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Hariparsad N, Ramsden D, Taskar K, Badée J, Venkatakrishnan K, Reddy MB, Cabalu T, Mukherjee D, Rehmel J, Bolleddula J, Emami Riedmaier A, Prakash C, Chanteux H, Mao J, Umehara K, Shah K, De Zwart L, Dowty M, Kotsuma M, Li M, Pilla Reddy V, McGinnity DF, Parrott N. Current Practices, Gap Analysis, and Proposed Workflows for PBPK Modeling of Cytochrome P450 Induction: An Industry Perspective. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2021; 112:770-781. [PMID: 34862964 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The International Consortium for Innovation and Quality (IQ) Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Modeling Induction Working Group (IWG) conducted a survey across participating companies around general strategies for PBPK modeling of induction, including experience with its utility to address various questions, regulatory interactions, and regulatory acceptance. The results highlight areas where PBPK modeling is used with high confidence and identifies opportunities where confidence is lower and further evaluation is needed. To enhance the survey results, the PBPK-IWG also collected case studies and analyzed recent literature examples where PBPK models were applied to predict CYP3A induction-mediated drug-drug interactions. PBPK modeling of induction has evolved and progressed significantly, proving to have great potential to accelerate drug discovery and development. With the aim of enabling optimal use for new molecular entities that are either substrates and/or inducers of CYP3A, the PBPK-IWG proposes initial workflows for PBPK application, discusses future trends, and identifies gaps that need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niresh Hariparsad
- DMPK, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Diane Ramsden
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kunal Taskar
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, IVIVT, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - Justine Badée
- PK Sciences, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karthik Venkatakrishnan
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA.,Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Micaela B Reddy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Oncology, Pfizer, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Dwaipayan Mukherjee
- Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacometrics, AbbVie, Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jessica Rehmel
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jayaprakasam Bolleddula
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA.,Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Jialin Mao
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, A Member of the Roche Group, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kenichi Umehara
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kushal Shah
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Martin Dowty
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamic, and Metabolism, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Masakatsu Kotsuma
- Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, Daiichi-Sankyo, Inc., New Jersey, USA
| | - Mengyao Li
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Sanofi, Bridgewater, New Jersey, USA
| | - Venkatesh Pilla Reddy
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dermot F McGinnity
- DMPK, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Neil Parrott
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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6
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Kikuchi R, Chiou WJ, Durbin KR, Savaryn JP, Ma J, Emami Riedmaier A, de Morais SM, Jenkins GJ, Bow DAJ. Quantitation of plasma membrane drug transporters in kidney tissue and cell lines using a novel proteomic approach enabled a prospective prediction of metformin disposition. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 49:938-946. [PMID: 34330717 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful prospective incorporation of in vitro transporter kinetics in physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models to describe drug disposition remains challenging. While determination of scaling factors to extrapolate in vitro to in vivo transporter kinetics has been facilitated by quantitative proteomics, no robust assessment comparing membrane recoveries between different cells/tissues has been made. HEK293 cells overexpressing OCT2, MATE1 and MATE2K or human kidney cortex were homogenized and centrifuged to obtain the total membrane fractions, which were subsequently subjected to liquid-liquid extraction followed by centrifugation and precipitation to isolate plasma membrane fractions. Plasma membrane recoveries determined by quantitation of the marker Na+/K+-ATPase in lysate and plasma membrane fractions were {less than or equal to}20% but within three-fold across different cells and tissues. A separate study demonstrated that recoveries are comparable between basolateral and apical membranes of renal proximal tubules, as measured by Na+/K+-ATPase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase 1, respectively. The plasma membrane expression of OCT2, MATE1 and MATE2K was quantified and relative expression factors (REFs) were determined as the ratio between the tissue and cell concentrations. Corrections using plasma membrane recovery had minimal impact on REF values (<two-fold). In vitro transporter kinetics of metformin were extrapolated to in vivo using the corresponding REFs in a PBPK model. The simulated metformin exposures were within two-fold of clinical exposure. These results demonstrate that transporter REFs based on plasma membrane expression enable a prediction of transporter-mediated drug disposition. Such REFs may be estimated without the correction of plasma membrane recovery when the same procedure is applied between different matrices. Significance Statement Transporter REFs based on plasma membrane expression enable in vitro-in vivo extrapolation of transporter kinetics. Plasma membrane recoveries as determined by the quantification of Na+/K+-ATPase were comparable between the in vitro and in vivo systems used in the present study, and therefore had minimal impact on the transporter REF values.
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Key Words
- Transporter-mediated drug/metabolite disposition
- Uptake transporters (OATP, OAT, OCT, PEPT, MCT, NTCP, ASBT, etc.)
- efflux transporters (P-gp, BCRP, MRP, MATE, BSEP, etc)
- in vitro-in vivo prediction (IVIVE)
- proteomics
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Kikuchi
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, AbbVie, United States
| | | | - Kenneth R Durbin
- Drug Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis, AbbVie, United States
| | | | - Junli Ma
- Drug Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis, AbbVie, United States
| | | | | | - Gary J Jenkins
- Drug Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics and Bioanal, AbbVie, United States
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7
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Wagner C, Kesisoglou F, Pepin XJH, Parrott N, Emami Riedmaier A. Use of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling for Predicting Drug-Food Interactions: Recommendations for Improving Predictive Performance of Low Confidence Food Effect Models. AAPS J 2021; 23:85. [PMID: 34142242 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-021-00601-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Food can alter drug absorption and impact safety and efficacy. Besides conducting clinical studies, in vitro approaches such as biorelevant solubility and dissolution testing and in vivo dog studies are typical approaches to estimate a drug's food effect. The use of physiologically based pharmacokinetic models has gained importance and is nowadays a standard tool for food effect predictions at preclinical and clinical stages in the pharmaceutical industry. This manuscript is part of a broader publication from the IQ Consortium's food effect physiologically based pharmacokinetic model (PBPK) modeling working group and complements previous publications by focusing on cases where the food effect was predicted with low confidence. Pazopanib-HCl, trospium-Cl, and ziprasidone-HCl served as model compounds to provide insights into why several food effect predictions failed in the first instance. Furthermore, the manuscript depicts approaches whereby PBPK-based food effect predictions may be improved. These improvements should focus on the PBPK model functionality, especially better reflecting fasted- and fed-state gastric solubility, gastric re-acidification, and complex mechanisms related to gastric emptying of drugs. For improvement of in vitro methodologies, the focus should be on the development of more predictive solubility, supersaturation, and precipitation assays. With regards to the general PBPK modeling methodology, modelers should account for the full solubility profile when modeling ionizable compounds, including common ion effects, and apply a straightforward strategy to account for drug precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Technologies, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Development, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | | | - Xavier J H Pepin
- New Modalities and Parenteral Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Neil Parrott
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
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8
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Pepin XJH, Huckle JE, Alluri RV, Basu S, Dodd S, Parrott N, Emami Riedmaier A. Understanding Mechanisms of Food Effect and Developing Reliable PBPK Models Using a Middle-out Approach. AAPS J 2021; 23:12. [PMID: 33398593 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-020-00548-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 10 years, 40% of approved oral drugs exhibited a significant effect of food on their pharmacokinetics (PK) and currently the only method to characterize the effect of food on drug absorption, which is recognized by the authorities, is to conduct a clinical evaluation. Within the pharmaceutical industry, there is a significant effort to predict the mechanism and clinical relevance of a food effect. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models combining both drug-specific and physiology-specific data have been used to predict the effect of food on absorption and to reveal the underlying mechanisms. This manuscript provides detailed descriptions of how a middle-out modeling approach, combining bottom-up in vitro-based predictions with limited top-down fitting of key model parameters for clinical data, can be successfully used to predict the magnitude and direction of food effect when it is predicted poorly by a bottom-up approach. For nefazodone, a mechanistic clearance for the gut and liver was added, for furosemide, an absorption window was introduced, and for aprepitant, the biorelevant solubility was refined using multiple solubility measurements. In all cases, these adjustments were supported by literature data and showcased a rational approach to assess the factors limiting absorption and exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier J H Pepin
- New Modalities and Parenteral Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK.
| | - James E Huckle
- Drug Product Technology, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Ravindra V Alluri
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sumit Basu
- Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacodynamic and Drug Metabolism-Quantitative Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics (PPDM-QP2), Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephanie Dodd
- Chemical & Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Neil Parrott
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
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9
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Riedmaier AE, DeMent K, Huckle J, Bransford P, Stillhart C, Lloyd R, Alluri R, Basu S, Chen Y, Dhamankar V, Dodd S, Kulkarni P, Olivares-Morales A, Peng CC, Pepin X, Ren X, Tran T, Tistaert C, Heimbach T, Kesisoglou F, Wagner C, Parrott N. Correction to: Use of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Modeling for Predicting Drug-Food Interactions: an Industry Perspective. AAPS J 2020; 23:6. [PMID: 33244667 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-020-00535-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1208/s12248-020-00535-z.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin DeMent
- Global DMPK, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., San Diego, California, USA
| | - James Huckle
- Drug Product Technology, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Phil Bransford
- Modeling & Informatics, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cordula Stillhart
- Pharmaceutical R&D, Formulation & Process Sciences, F.Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Richard Lloyd
- Computational & Modelling Sciences, Platform Technology Sci-ences, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Ware, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Ravindra Alluri
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sumit Basu
- Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacodynamic and Drug Metabolism-Quantitative Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics (PPDM-QP2),Merck & Co, Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Varsha Dhamankar
- Formulation Development, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Formulation Development, Cyclerion Therapeu-tics Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephanie Dodd
- Chemical & Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Priyanka Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, AmgenInc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrés Olivares-Morales
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharmaceutical Research andEarly Development, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Chi-Chi Peng
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, AmgenInc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Theravance Biopharma, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Xavier Pepin
- New Modalities and Parenteral Development, PharmaceuticalTechnology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Maccles-field, UK
| | - Xiaojun Ren
- Modeling & Simulation, PK Sciences, Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
| | - Thuy Tran
- Computational & Modelling Sciences, Platform Technology Sci-ences, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Tycho Heimbach
- PBPK & Biopharmaceutics, Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, Wayne, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Christian Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Technologies, Chemical and Pharmaceutical De-velopment, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Neil Parrott
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharmaceutical Research andEarly Development, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
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Parrott N, Suarez-Sharp S, Kesisoglou F, Pathak SM, Good D, Wagner C, Dallmann A, Mullin J, Patel N, Riedmaier AE, Mitra A, Raines K, Butler J, Kakhi M, Li M, Zhao Y, Tsakalozou E, Flanagan T, Dressman J, Pepin X. Best Practices in the Development and Validation of Physiologically Based Biopharmaceutics Modeling. A Workshop Summary Report. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:584-593. [PMID: 33058891 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This workshop report summarizes the proceedings of Day 2 of a three-day workshop on "Current State and Future Expectations of Translational Modeling Strategies toSupportDrug Product Development, Manufacturing Changes and Controls". From a drug product quality perspective, physiologically based biopharmaceutics modeling (PBBM) is a tool to link variations in the drug product quality attributes to in vivo outcomes enabling the establishment of clinically relevant drug product specifications (CRDPS). Day 2 of the workshop focused on best practices in developing, verifying and validating PBBM. This manuscript gives an overview of podium presentations and summarizes breakout (BO) session discussions related to (1) challenges and opportunities for using PBBM to assess the clinical impact of formulation and manufacturing changes on the in vivo performance of a drug product, (2) best practices to account for parameter uncertainty and variability during model development, (3) best practices in the development, verification and validation of PBBM and (4) opportunities and knowledge gaps related to leveraging PBBM for virtual bioequivalence simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Parrott
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | - David Good
- Biopharmaceutics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Christian Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Technologies, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Development, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - André Dallmann
- Clinical Pharmacometrics, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - James Mullin
- Simulations Plus Inc., 42505 10th Street West, Lancaster, CA 93534, USA
| | | | | | - Amitava Mitra
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Kimberly Raines
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Office of New Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality (OPQ), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - James Butler
- Biopharmaceutics, Drug Product Design & Dev, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Ware, UK
| | - Maziar Kakhi
- Division of Product Quality Research, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Min Li
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Office of New Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality (OPQ), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Yang Zhao
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Office of New Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality (OPQ), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Eleftheria Tsakalozou
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Talia Flanagan
- Pharmaceutical Development, UCB Pharma SA, Braine l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Jennifer Dressman
- Fraunhofer Institute of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Carl-von-Noorden-Platz 9, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Xavier Pepin
- New Modalities and Parenteral Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
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11
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Riedmaier AE, DeMent K, Huckle J, Bransford P, Stillhart C, Lloyd R, Alluri R, Basu S, Chen Y, Dhamankar V, Dodd S, Kulkarni P, Olivares-Morales A, Peng CC, Pepin X, Ren X, Tran T, Tistaert C, Heimbach T, Kesisoglou F, Wagner C, Parrott N. Use of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Modeling for Predicting Drug-Food Interactions: an Industry Perspective. AAPS J 2020; 22:123. [PMID: 32981010 PMCID: PMC7520419 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-020-00508-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The effect of food on pharmacokinetic properties of drugs is a commonly observed occurrence affecting about 40% of orally administered drugs. Within the pharmaceutical industry, significant resources are invested to predict and characterize a clinically relevant food effect. Here, the predictive performance of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) food effect models was assessed via de novo mechanistic absorption models for 30 compounds using controlled, pre-defined in vitro, and modeling methodology. Compounds for which absorption was known to be limited by intestinal transporters were excluded in this analysis. A decision tree for model verification and optimization was followed, leading to high, moderate, or low food effect prediction confidence. High (within 0.8- to 1.25-fold) to moderate confidence (within 0.5- to 2-fold) was achieved for most of the compounds (15 and 8, respectively). While for 7 compounds, prediction confidence was found to be low (> 2-fold). There was no clear difference in prediction success for positive or negative food effects and no clear relationship to the BCS category of tested drug molecules. However, an association could be demonstrated when the food effect was mainly related to changes in the gastrointestinal luminal fluids or physiology, including fluid volume, motility, pH, micellar entrapment, and bile salts. Considering these findings, it is recommended that appropriately verified mechanistic PBPK modeling can be leveraged with high to moderate confidence as a key approach to predicting potential food effect, especially related to mechanisms highlighted here.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin DeMent
- Global DMPK, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., San Diego, California, USA
| | - James Huckle
- Drug Product Technology, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Phil Bransford
- Modeling & Informatics, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cordula Stillhart
- Pharmaceutical R&D, Formulation & Process Sciences, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Richard Lloyd
- Computational & Modelling Sciences, Platform Technology Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Ware, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Ravindra Alluri
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sumit Basu
- Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacodynamic and Drug Metabolism-Quantitative Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics (PPDM-QP2), Merck & Co, Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Varsha Dhamankar
- Formulation Development, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Formulation Development, Cyclerion Therapeutics Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephanie Dodd
- Chemical & Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Priyanka Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrés Olivares-Morales
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Chi-Chi Peng
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Theravance Biopharma, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Xavier Pepin
- New Modalities and Parenteral Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Xiaojun Ren
- Modeling & Simulation, PK Sciences, Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
| | - Thuy Tran
- Computational & Modelling Sciences, Platform Technology Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Tycho Heimbach
- PBPK & Biopharmaceutics, Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, Wayne, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Christian Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Technologies, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Development, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Neil Parrott
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
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Taskar KS, Pilla Reddy V, Burt H, Posada MM, Varma M, Zheng M, Ullah M, Emami Riedmaier A, Umehara KI, Snoeys J, Nakakariya M, Chu X, Beneton M, Chen Y, Huth F, Narayanan R, Mukherjee D, Dixit V, Sugiyama Y, Neuhoff S. Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Models for Evaluating Membrane Transporter Mediated Drug-Drug Interactions: Current Capabilities, Case Studies, Future Opportunities, and Recommendations. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2019; 107:1082-1115. [PMID: 31628859 PMCID: PMC7232864 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling has been extensively used to quantitatively translate in vitro data and evaluate temporal effects from drug-drug interactions (DDIs), arising due to reversible enzyme and transporter inhibition, irreversible time-dependent inhibition, enzyme induction, and/or suppression. PBPK modeling has now gained reasonable acceptance with the regulatory authorities for the cytochrome-P450-mediated DDIs and is routinely used. However, the application of PBPK for transporter-mediated DDIs (tDDI) in drug development is relatively uncommon. Because the predictive performance of PBPK models for tDDI is not well established, here, we represent and discuss examples of PBPK analyses included in regulatory submission (the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the European Medicines Agency (EMA), and the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA)) across various tDDIs. The goal of this collaborative effort (involving scientists representing 17 pharmaceutical companies in the Consortium and from academia) is to reflect on the use of current databases and models to address tDDIs. This challenges the common perceptions on applications of PBPK for tDDIs and further delves into the requirements to improve such PBPK predictions. This review provides a reflection on the current trends in PBPK modeling for tDDIs and provides a framework to promote continuous use, verification, and improvement in industrialization of the transporter PBPK modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal S Taskar
- GlaxoSmithKline, DMPK, In Vitro In Vivo Translation, GSK R&D, Ware, UK
| | - Venkatesh Pilla Reddy
- AstraZeneca, Modelling and Simulation, Early Oncology DMPK, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Howard Burt
- Simcyp-Division, Certara UK Ltd., Sheffield, UK
| | | | | | - Ming Zheng
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jan Snoeys
- Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Xiaoyan Chu
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Yuan Chen
- Genentech, San Francisco, California, USA
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13
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Shebley M, Sandhu P, Emami Riedmaier A, Jamei M, Narayanan R, Patel A, Peters SA, Reddy VP, Zheng M, de Zwart L, Beneton M, Bouzom F, Chen J, Chen Y, Cleary Y, Collins C, Dickinson GL, Djebli N, Einolf HJ, Gardner I, Huth F, Kazmi F, Khalil F, Lin J, Odinecs A, Patel C, Rong H, Schuck E, Sharma P, Wu SP, Xu Y, Yamazaki S, Yoshida K, Rowland M. Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model Qualification and Reporting Procedures for Regulatory Submissions: A Consortium Perspective. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2018; 104:88-110. [PMID: 29315504 PMCID: PMC6032820 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This work provides a perspective on the qualification and verification of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) platforms/models intended for regulatory submission based on the collective experience of the Simcyp Consortium members. Examples of regulatory submission of PBPK analyses across various intended applications are presented and discussed. European Medicines Agency (EMA) and US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recent draft guidelines regarding PBPK analyses and reporting are encouraging, and to advance the use and acceptability of PBPK analyses, more clarity and flexibility are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ming Zheng
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jun Chen
- Sanofi, Région de Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jing Lin
- Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc., Marlborough, MA, USA
| | | | - Chirag Patel
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA, USA
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Emami Riedmaier A, Lindley DJ, Hall JA, Castleberry S, Slade RT, Stuart P, Carr RA, Borchardt TB, Bow DAJ, Nijsen M. Mechanistic Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling of the Dissolution and Food Effect of a Biopharmaceutics Classification System IV Compound-The Venetoclax Story. J Pharm Sci 2017; 107:495-502. [PMID: 28993217 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Venetoclax, a selective B-cell lymphoma-2 inhibitor, is a biopharmaceutics classification system class IV compound. The aim of this study was to develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to mechanistically describe absorption and disposition of an amorphous solid dispersion formulation of venetoclax in humans. A mechanistic PBPK model was developed incorporating measured amorphous solubility, dissolution, metabolism, and plasma protein binding. A middle-out approach was used to define permeability. Model predictions of oral venetoclax pharmacokinetics were verified against clinical studies of fed and fasted healthy volunteers, and clinical drug interaction studies with strong CYP3A inhibitor (ketoconazole) and inducer (rifampicin). Model verification demonstrated accurate prediction of the observed food effect following a low-fat diet. Ratios of predicted versus observed Cmax and area under the curve of venetoclax were within 0.8- to 1.25-fold of observed ratios for strong CYP3A inhibitor and inducer interactions, indicating that the venetoclax elimination pathway was correctly specified. The verified venetoclax PBPK model is one of the first examples mechanistically capturing absorption, food effect, and exposure of an amorphous solid dispersion formulated compound. This model allows evaluation of untested drug-drug interactions, especially those primarily occurring in the intestine, and paves the way for future modeling of biopharmaceutics classification system IV compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David J Lindley
- Drug Product Development, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064
| | - Jeffrey A Hall
- Drug Product Development, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064
| | | | - Russell T Slade
- Drug Product Development, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064
| | - Patricia Stuart
- DMPK and Translational Modeling, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064
| | - Robert A Carr
- DMPK and Translational Modeling, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064
| | | | - Daniel A J Bow
- DMPK and Translational Modeling, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064
| | - Marjoleen Nijsen
- DMPK and Translational Modeling, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064
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15
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Burt HJ, Riedmaier AE, Harwood MD, Crewe HK, Gill KL, Neuhoff S. Abundance of Hepatic Transporters in Caucasians: A Meta-Analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 44:1550-61. [PMID: 27493152 PMCID: PMC5034697 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.116.071183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to derive quantitative abundance values for key hepatic transporters suitable for in vitro–in vivo extrapolation within a physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling framework. A meta-analysis was performed whereby data on abundance measurements, sample preparation methods, and donor demography were collated from the literature. To define values for a healthy Caucasian population, a subdatabase was created whereby exclusion criteria were applied to remove samples from non-Caucasian individuals, those with underlying disease, or those with subcellular fractions other than crude membrane. Where a clinically relevant active genotype was known, only samples from individuals with an extensive transporter phenotype were included. Authors were contacted directly when additional information was required. After removing duplicated samples, the weighted mean, geometric mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and between-study homogeneity of transporter abundances were determined. From the complete database containing 24 transporters, suitable abundance data were available for 11 hepatic transporters from nine studies after exclusion criteria were applied. Organic anion transporting polypeptides OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 showed the highest population abundance in healthy adult Caucasians. For several transporters, the variability in abundance was reduced significantly once the exclusion criteria were applied. The highest variability was observed for OATP1B3 > OATP1B1 > multidrug resistance protein 2 > multidrug resistance gene 1. No relationship was found between transporter expression and donor age. To our knowledge, this study provides the first in-depth analysis of current quantitative abundance data for a wide range of hepatic transporters, with the aim of using these data for in vitro–in vivo extrapolation, and highlights the significance of investigating the background of tissue(s) used in quantitative transporter proteomic studies. Similar studies are now warranted for other ethnicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard J Burt
- Simcyp Limited (a Certara Company), Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - H Kim Crewe
- Simcyp Limited (a Certara Company), Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sibylle Neuhoff
- Simcyp Limited (a Certara Company), Sheffield, United Kingdom
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16
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Emami Riedmaier A, Fisel P, Nies AT, Schaeffeler E, Schwab M. Metformin and cancer: from the old medicine cabinet to pharmacological pitfalls and prospects. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2012; 34:126-35. [PMID: 23277337 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2012.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metformin is a biguanide derivative used in the treatment of type II diabetes (T2D) and one of the world's most widely prescribed drugs. Owing to its safety profile, it has been recently promoted for a range of other indications, particularly for its role in cancer prevention. There is evidence from studies in diabetic cohorts, as well as laboratory studies, that the action of metformin depends on a balance between the concentration and duration of exposure, which depends crucially on cell- and tissue-specific pharmacological factors. Mechanistic studies have revealed the involvement of increasingly complex pathways. Yet, there are several missing links regarding the role of drug transporters and drug-drug interactions, as well as the expression levels of transporters in normal versus tumor tissues, which may affect patient exposure and dosing when metformin is used in cancer prevention. This review highlights the current knowledge on metformin action and pharmacology, including novel insights into genomic factors, with a specific focus on cancer prevention. Furthermore, future challenges that may influence therapeutic outcome will be discussed.
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17
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Emami Riedmaier A, Nies AT, Schaeffeler E, Schwab M. Organic Anion Transporters and Their Implications in Pharmacotherapy. Pharmacol Rev 2012; 64:421-49. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.111.004614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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