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Grzibovskis R, Aizstrauts A, Pidluzhna A, Marcinskas M, Magomedov A, Karazhanov S, Malinauskas T, Getautis V, Vembris A. Energy-Level Interpretation of Carbazole Derivatives in Self-Assembling Monolayer. Molecules 2024; 29:1910. [PMID: 38731400 PMCID: PMC11085244 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Energy-level alignment is a crucial factor in the performance of thin-film devices, such as organic light-emitting diodes and photovoltaics. One way to adjust these energy levels is through chemical modification of the molecules involved. However, this approach may lead to unintended changes in the optical and/or electrical properties of the compound. An alternative method for energy-level adjustment at the interface is the use of self-assembling monolayers (SAMs). Initially, SAMs with passive spacers were employed, creating a surface dipole moment that altered the work function (WF) of the electrode. However, recent advancements have led to the synthesis of SAM molecules with active spacers. This development necessitates considering not only the modification of the electrode's WF but also the ionization energy (IE) of the molecule itself. To measure both the IE of SAM molecules and their impact on the electrode's WF, a relatively simple method is photo-electric emission spectroscopy. Solar cell performance parameters have a higher correlation coefficient with the ionization energy of SAM molecules with carbazole derivatives as spacers (up to 0.97) than the work function of the modified electrode (up to 0.88). Consequently, SAMs consisting of molecules with active spacers can be viewed as hole transport layers rather than interface layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raitis Grzibovskis
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, LV-1063 Riga, Latvia; (R.G.); (A.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Arturs Aizstrauts
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, LV-1063 Riga, Latvia; (R.G.); (A.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Anna Pidluzhna
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, LV-1063 Riga, Latvia; (R.G.); (A.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Mantas Marcinskas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, 44249 Kaunas, Lithuania; (M.M.); (A.M.); (T.M.); (V.G.)
| | - Artiom Magomedov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, 44249 Kaunas, Lithuania; (M.M.); (A.M.); (T.M.); (V.G.)
| | - Smagul Karazhanov
- Department for Solar Energy, Institute for Energy Technology, 173 Kjeller, Norway;
| | - Tadas Malinauskas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, 44249 Kaunas, Lithuania; (M.M.); (A.M.); (T.M.); (V.G.)
| | - Vytautas Getautis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, 44249 Kaunas, Lithuania; (M.M.); (A.M.); (T.M.); (V.G.)
| | - Aivars Vembris
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, LV-1063 Riga, Latvia; (R.G.); (A.A.); (A.P.)
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2
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Vaitukaityte D, Magomedov A, Rakstys K, Kwiatkowski S, Kamarauskas E, Jankauskas V, Rousseau J, Getautis V. Thermally cross-linkable fluorene-based hole transporting materials: synthesis, characterization, and application in perovskite solar cells. RSC Adv 2023; 13:26933-26939. [PMID: 37692345 PMCID: PMC10485655 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03492e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells are among the most promising photovoltaic technologies in academia and have the potential to become commercially available in the near future. However, there are still a few unresolved issues regarding device lifetime and fabrication cost of perovskite solar cells in order to be competitive with existing technologies. Herein, we report small organic molecules with introduced vinyl groups as hole transporting materials, which are capable of undergoing thermal polymerization, forming solvent-resistant 3D networks. Novel compounds have been synthesized from relatively inexpensive starting materials and their purification is less time-consuming when compared to polymers; therefore this type of hole transporter can be a promising alternative to lower the manufacturing cost of perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deimante Vaitukaityte
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology Radvilenu pl. 19 Kaunas 50254 Lithuania
| | - Artiom Magomedov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology Radvilenu pl. 19 Kaunas 50254 Lithuania
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309 USA
| | - Kasparas Rakstys
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology Radvilenu pl. 19 Kaunas 50254 Lithuania
| | - Simon Kwiatkowski
- Univ. Artois, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Lille, UMR 8181-UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, Faculty of Science Jean Perrin Rue Jean Souvraz SP 18 F-62300 Lens France
| | - Egidijus Kamarauskas
- Institute of Chemical Physics, Vilnius University Sauletekio al. 3 Vilnius 10257 Lithuania
| | - Vygintas Jankauskas
- Institute of Chemical Physics, Vilnius University Sauletekio al. 3 Vilnius 10257 Lithuania
| | - Jolanta Rousseau
- Univ. Artois, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Lille, UMR 8181-UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, Faculty of Science Jean Perrin Rue Jean Souvraz SP 18 F-62300 Lens France
| | - Vytautas Getautis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology Radvilenu pl. 19 Kaunas 50254 Lithuania
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3
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Mariotti S, Köhnen E, Scheler F, Sveinbjörnsson K, Zimmermann L, Piot M, Yang F, Li B, Warby J, Musiienko A, Menzel D, Lang F, Keßler S, Levine I, Mantione D, Al-Ashouri A, Härtel MS, Xu K, Cruz A, Kurpiers J, Wagner P, Köbler H, Li J, Magomedov A, Mecerreyes D, Unger E, Abate A, Stolterfoht M, Stannowski B, Schlatmann R, Korte L, Albrecht S. Interface engineering for high-performance, triple-halide perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells. Science 2023; 381:63-69. [PMID: 37410849 DOI: 10.1126/science.adf5872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Improved stability and efficiency of two-terminal monolithic perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells will require reductions in recombination losses. By combining a triple-halide perovskite (1.68 electron volt bandgap) with a piperazinium iodide interfacial modification, we improved the band alignment, reduced nonradiative recombination losses, and enhanced charge extraction at the electron-selective contact. Solar cells showed open-circuit voltages of up to 1.28 volts in p-i-n single junctions and 2.00 volts in perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells. The tandem cells achieve certified power conversion efficiencies of up to 32.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Mariotti
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eike Köhnen
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Scheler
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kári Sveinbjörnsson
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lea Zimmermann
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel Piot
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fengjiu Yang
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bor Li
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonathan Warby
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Artem Musiienko
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorothee Menzel
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Lang
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sebastian Keßler
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Igal Levine
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniele Mantione
- POLYKEY Polymers, Joxe Mari Korta Center, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Amran Al-Ashouri
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marlene S Härtel
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ke Xu
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandros Cruz
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jona Kurpiers
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Wagner
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Köbler
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jinzhao Li
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - David Mecerreyes
- POLYKEY Polymers, Joxe Mari Korta Center, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Eva Unger
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonio Abate
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Stolterfoht
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bernd Stannowski
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rutger Schlatmann
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Korte
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Steve Albrecht
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Technische Universität Berlin, Fakultät Elektrotechnik und Informatik, 10587 Berlin, Germany
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4
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Mandati S, Juneja N, Katerski A, Jegorovė A, Grzibovskis R, Vembris A, Dedova T, Spalatu N, Magomedov A, Karazhanov S, Getautis V, Krunks M, Oja Acik I. 4.9% Efficient Sb 2S 3 Solar Cells from Semitransparent Absorbers with Fluorene-Based Thiophene-Terminated Hole Conductors. ACS Appl Energy Mater 2023; 6:3822-3833. [PMID: 37064413 PMCID: PMC10091899 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.2c04097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Fluorene-based hole transport materials (HTMs) with terminating thiophene units are explored, for the first time, for antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) solar cells. These HTMs possess largely simplified synthesis processes and high yields compared to the conventional expensive hole conductors making them reasonably economical. The thiophene unit-linked HTMs have been successfully demonstrated in ultrasonic spray-deposited Sb2S3 solar cells resulting in efficiencies in the range of 4.7-4.9% with an average visible transmittance (AVT) of 30-33% (400-800 nm) for the cell stack without metal contact, while the cells fabricated using conventional P3HT have yielded an efficiency of 4.7% with an AVT of 26%. The study puts forward cost-effective and transparent HTMs that avoid a post-coating activation at elevated temperatures like P3HT, devoid of parasitic absorption losses in the visible region and are demonstrated to be well aligned for the band edges of Sb2S3 thereby ascertaining their suitability for Sb2S3 solar cells and are potential candidates for semitransparent applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreekanth Mandati
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Technology, Laboratory of Thin Film
Chemical Technologies, Tallinn University
of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Nimish Juneja
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Technology, Laboratory of Thin Film
Chemical Technologies, Tallinn University
of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Atanas Katerski
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Technology, Laboratory of Thin Film
Chemical Technologies, Tallinn University
of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Aistė Jegorovė
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University
of Technology, Kaunas LT-50254, Lithuania
| | - Raitis Grzibovskis
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Kengaraga Str. 8, Riga LV 1063, Latvia
| | - Aivars Vembris
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Kengaraga Str. 8, Riga LV 1063, Latvia
| | - Tatjana Dedova
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Technology, Laboratory of Thin Film
Chemical Technologies, Tallinn University
of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Nicolae Spalatu
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Technology, Laboratory of Thin Film
Chemical Technologies, Tallinn University
of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Artiom Magomedov
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University
of Technology, Kaunas LT-50254, Lithuania
| | - Smagul Karazhanov
- Institute
for Energy Technology (IFE), P.O. Box
40, NO 2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - Vytautas Getautis
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University
of Technology, Kaunas LT-50254, Lithuania
| | - Malle Krunks
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Technology, Laboratory of Thin Film
Chemical Technologies, Tallinn University
of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Ilona Oja Acik
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Technology, Laboratory of Thin Film
Chemical Technologies, Tallinn University
of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
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5
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Lin Y, Zhang Y, Magomedov A, Gkogkosi E, Zhang J, Zheng X, El-Labban A, Barlow S, Getautis V, Wang E, Tsetseris L, Marder SR, McCulloch I, Anthopoulos TD. 18.73% efficient and stable inverted organic photovoltaics featuring a hybrid hole-extraction layer. Mater Horiz 2023; 10:1292-1300. [PMID: 36786547 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01575g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Developing efficient and stable organic photovoltaics (OPVs) is crucial for the technology's commercial success. However, combining these key attributes remains challenging. Herein, we incorporate the small molecule 2-((3,6-dibromo-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl)phosphonic acid (Br-2PACz) between the bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) and a 7 nm-thin layer of MoO3 in inverted OPVs, and study its effects on the cell performance. We find that the Br-2PACz/MoO3 hole-extraction layer (HEL) boosts the cell's power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 17.36% to 18.73% (uncertified), making them the most efficient inverted OPVs to date. The factors responsible for this improvement include enhanced charge transport, reduced carrier recombination, and favourable vertical phase separation of donor and acceptor components in the BHJ. The Br-2PACz/MoO3-based OPVs exhibit higher operational stability under continuous illumination and thermal annealing (80 °C). The T80 lifetime of OPVs featuring Br-2PACz/MoO3 - taken as the time over which the cell's PCE reduces to 80% of its initial value - increases compared to MoO3-only cells from 297 to 615 h upon illumination and from 731 to 1064 h upon continuous heating. Elemental analysis of the BHJs reveals the enhanced stability to originate from the partially suppressed diffusion of Mo ions into the BHJ and the favourable distribution of the donor and acceptor components induced by the Br-2PACz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbao Lin
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Yadong Zhang
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Artiom Magomedov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas LT-50254, Lithuania
| | - Eleftheria Gkogkosi
- Department of Physics, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens GR-15780, Greece
| | - Junxiang Zhang
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Xiaopeng Zheng
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulrahman El-Labban
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Stephen Barlow
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Vytautas Getautis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas LT-50254, Lithuania
| | - Ergang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Leonidas Tsetseris
- Department of Physics, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens GR-15780, Greece
| | - Seth R Marder
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Thomas D Anthopoulos
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia.
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Daskeviciute-Geguziene S, Magomedov A, Daskeviciene M, Genevičius K, Nekrašas N, Jankauskas V, Kantminiene K, McGehee MD, Getautis V. Cross-linkable carbazole-based hole transporting materials for perovskite solar cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7495-7498. [PMID: 35698905 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02612k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbazole-based molecules V1205 and V1206 capable of cross-linking via three vinyl groups were synthesized by a simple process and applied as hole-transporting materials (HTMs) in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSC). Novel HTMs were thermally polymerized to provide films resistant to organic solvents. A PSC with V1205 exhibited a photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 16.9% with good stability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Artiom Magomedov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas 50254, Lithuania. .,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Maryte Daskeviciene
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas 50254, Lithuania.
| | | | - Nerijus Nekrašas
- Institute of Chemical Physics, Vilnius University, Vilnius 10257, Lithuania
| | | | - Kristina Kantminiene
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas 50254, Lithuania
| | - Michael D McGehee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Vytautas Getautis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas 50254, Lithuania.
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7
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Lin Y, Magomedov A, Firdaus Y, Kaltsas D, El-Labban A, Faber H, Naphade DR, Yengel E, Zheng X, Yarali E, Chaturvedi N, Loganathan K, Gkeka D, AlShammari SH, Bakr OM, Laquai F, Tsetseris L, Getautis V, Anthopoulos TD. 18.4 % Organic Solar Cells Using a High Ionization Energy Self-Assembled Monolayer as Hole-Extraction Interlayer. ChemSusChem 2021; 14:3569-3578. [PMID: 33928763 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) based on Br-2PACz ([2-(3,6-dibromo-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid) 2PACz ([2-(9H-Carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid) and MeO-2PACz ([2-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid) molecules were investigated as hole-extracting interlayers in organic photovoltaics (OPVs). The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energies of these SAMs were measured at -6.01 and -5.30 eV for Br-2PACz and MeO-2PACz, respectively, and found to induce significant changes in the work function (WF) of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) electrodes upon chemical functionalization. OPV cells based on PM6 (poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl-3-fluoro)thiophen-2-yl)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene))-alt-(5,5-(1',3'-di-2-thienyl-5',7'-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1',2'-c:4',5'-c']dithiophene-4,8-dione)]) : BTP-eC9 : PC71 BM ([6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester) using ITO/Br-2PACz anodes exhibited a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.4 %, outperforming devices with ITO/MeO-2PACz (14.5 %) and ITO/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT : PSS) (17.5 %). The higher PCE was found to originate from the much higher WF of ITO/Br-2PACz (-5.81 eV) compared to ITO/MeO-2PACz (4.58 eV) and ITO/PEDOT : PSS (4.9 eV), resulting in lower interface resistance, improved hole transport/extraction, lower trap-assisted recombination, and longer carrier lifetimes. Importantly, the ITO/Br-2PACz electrode was chemically stable, and after removal of the SAM it could be recycled and reused to construct fresh OPVs with equally impressive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbao Lin
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Artiom Magomedov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-50254, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Yuliar Firdaus
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Electronics and Telecommunication, Indonesian Institute of Science, Jalan Sangkuriang Komplek LIPI Building 20 level 4, 40135, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Dimitris Kaltsas
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, GR-15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Abdulrahman El-Labban
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hendrik Faber
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dipti R Naphade
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emre Yengel
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaopeng Zheng
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emre Yarali
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neha Chaturvedi
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kalaivanan Loganathan
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Despoina Gkeka
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sanaa H AlShammari
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osman M Bakr
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Frédéric Laquai
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leonidas Tsetseris
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, GR-15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Vytautas Getautis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-50254, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Thomas D Anthopoulos
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Al-Ashouri A, Köhnen E, Li B, Magomedov A, Hempel H, Caprioglio P, Márquez JA, Morales Vilches AB, Kasparavicius E, Smith JA, Phung N, Menzel D, Grischek M, Kegelmann L, Skroblin D, Gollwitzer C, Malinauskas T, Jošt M, Matič G, Rech B, Schlatmann R, Topič M, Korte L, Abate A, Stannowski B, Neher D, Stolterfoht M, Unold T, Getautis V, Albrecht S. Monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell with >29% efficiency by enhanced hole extraction. Science 2020; 370:1300-1309. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abd4016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 538] [Impact Index Per Article: 134.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amran Al-Ashouri
- Young Investigator Group Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eike Köhnen
- Young Investigator Group Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bor Li
- Young Investigator Group Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Artiom Magomedov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas LT-50254, Lithuania
| | - Hannes Hempel
- Department of Structure and Dynamics of Energy Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pietro Caprioglio
- Young Investigator Group Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - José A. Márquez
- Department of Structure and Dynamics of Energy Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ernestas Kasparavicius
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas LT-50254, Lithuania
| | - Joel A. Smith
- Young Investigator Group Active Materials and Interfaces for Stable Perovskite Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK
| | - Nga Phung
- Young Investigator Group Active Materials and Interfaces for Stable Perovskite Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorothee Menzel
- Young Investigator Group Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Max Grischek
- Young Investigator Group Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Lukas Kegelmann
- Young Investigator Group Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Skroblin
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Tadas Malinauskas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas LT-50254, Lithuania
| | - Marko Jošt
- Young Investigator Group Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gašper Matič
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bernd Rech
- Scientific Management, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technical University Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rutger Schlatmann
- PVcomB, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- HTW Berlin–University of Applied Sciences, 12459 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marko Topič
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lars Korte
- Young Investigator Group Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonio Abate
- Young Investigator Group Active Materials and Interfaces for Stable Perovskite Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Stannowski
- PVcomB, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Beuth University of Applied Sciences Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Neher
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Martin Stolterfoht
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Thomas Unold
- Department of Structure and Dynamics of Energy Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Vytautas Getautis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas LT-50254, Lithuania
| | - Steve Albrecht
- Young Investigator Group Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technical University Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany
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9
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Vaitukaityte D, Wang Z, Malinauskas T, Magomedov A, Bubniene G, Jankauskas V, Getautis V, Snaith HJ. Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells Using Low-Cost Aniline-Based Enamine Hole-Transporting Materials. Adv Mater 2018; 30:e1803735. [PMID: 30247784 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Metal-halide perovskites offer great potential to realize low-cost and flexible next-generation solar cells. Low-temperature-processed organic hole-transporting layers play an important role in advancing device efficiencies and stabilities. Inexpensive and stable hole-transporting materials (HTMs) are highly desirable toward the scaling up of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, a new group of aniline-based enamine HTMs obtained via a one-step synthesis procedure is reported, without using a transition metal catalyst, from very common and inexpensive aniline precursors. This results in a material cost reduction to less than 1/5 of that for the archetypal spiro-OMeTAD. PSCs using an enamine V1091 HTM exhibit a champion power conversion efficiency of over 20%. Importantly, the unsealed devices with V1091 retain 96% of their original efficiency after storage in ambient air, with a relative humidity of 45% for over 800 h, while the devices fabricated using spiro-OMeTAD dropped down to 42% of their original efficiency after aging. Additionally, these materials can be processed via both solution and vacuum processes, which is believed to open up new possibilities for interlayers used in large-area all perovskite tandem cells, as well as many other optoelectronic device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deimante Vaitukaityte
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, Kaunas, 50254, Lithuania
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Tadas Malinauskas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, Kaunas, 50254, Lithuania
| | - Artiom Magomedov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, Kaunas, 50254, Lithuania
| | - Giedre Bubniene
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, Kaunas, 50254, Lithuania
| | - Vygintas Jankauskas
- Department of Solid State Electronics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 9, Vilnius, 10222, Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Getautis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, Kaunas, 50254, Lithuania
| | - Henry J Snaith
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
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10
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Kasparavicius E, Magomedov A, Malinauskas T, Getautis V. Long-Term Stability of the Oxidized Hole-Transporting Materials used in Perovskite Solar Cells. Chemistry 2018; 24:9910-9918. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ernestas Kasparavicius
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Kaunas University of Technology; Radvilenu pl. 19 Kaunas 50254 Lithuania
| | - Artiom Magomedov
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Kaunas University of Technology; Radvilenu pl. 19 Kaunas 50254 Lithuania
| | - Tadas Malinauskas
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Kaunas University of Technology; Radvilenu pl. 19 Kaunas 50254 Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Getautis
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Kaunas University of Technology; Radvilenu pl. 19 Kaunas 50254 Lithuania
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11
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Daškevičiū tė Š, Sakai N, Franckevičius M, Daškevičienė M, Magomedov A, Jankauskas V, Snaith HJ, Getautis V. Nonspiro, Fluorene-Based, Amorphous Hole Transporting Materials for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2018; 5:1700811. [PMID: 29721427 PMCID: PMC5908358 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Novel nonspiro, fluorene-based, small-molecule hole transporting materials (HTMs) V1050 and V1061 are designed and synthesized using a facile three-step synthetic route. The synthesized compounds exhibit amorphous nature with a high glass transition temperature, a good solubility, and decent thermal stability. The planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs) employing V1050 generated an excellent power conversion efficiency of 18.3%, which is comparable to 18.9% obtained with the state-of-the-art Spiro-OMeTAD. Importantly, the devices based on V1050 and V1061 show better stability compared to devices based on Spiro-OMeTAD when aged without any encapsulation under uncontrolled humidity conditions (relative humidity around 60%) in the dark and under continuous full sun illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Šarūnė Daškevičiū tė
- Department of Organic ChemistryKaunas University of TechnologyRadvilenu˛ pl. 19KaunasLT‐50254Lithuania
| | - Nobuya Sakai
- Department of Physics Clarendon LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordParks RoadOxfordOX1 3PUUK
| | - Marius Franckevičius
- Center for Physical Sciences and TechnologySaulėtekio Ave. 3VilniusLT‐10257Lithuania
| | - Marytė Daškevičienė
- Department of Organic ChemistryKaunas University of TechnologyRadvilenu˛ pl. 19KaunasLT‐50254Lithuania
| | - Artiom Magomedov
- Department of Organic ChemistryKaunas University of TechnologyRadvilenu˛ pl. 19KaunasLT‐50254Lithuania
| | - Vygintas Jankauskas
- Institute of Chemical Physics Vilnius UniversitySaulėtekio al.3VilniusLT‐10257Lithuania
| | - Henry J. Snaith
- Department of Physics Clarendon LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordParks RoadOxfordOX1 3PUUK
| | - Vytautas Getautis
- Department of Organic ChemistryKaunas University of TechnologyRadvilenu˛ pl. 19KaunasLT‐50254Lithuania
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12
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Magomedov A, Sakai N, Kamarauskas E, Jokubauskaitė G, Franckevičius M, Jankauskas V, Snaith HJ, Getautis V. Amorphous Hole-Transporting Material based on 2,2′-Bis-substituted 1,1′-Biphenyl Scaffold for Application in Perovskite Solar Cells. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:958-962. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201700173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Artiom Magomedov
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Kaunas University of Technology; Radvilenu pl. 19 Kaunas 50254 Lithuania
| | - Nobuya Sakai
- Department of Physics Clarendon Laboratory; University of Oxford; Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PU UK
| | - Egidijus Kamarauskas
- Department of Solid State Electronics; Vilnius University; Sauletekio 9 Vilnius 10222 Lithuania
| | - Gabrielė Jokubauskaitė
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Kaunas University of Technology; Radvilenu pl. 19 Kaunas 50254 Lithuania
| | - Marius Franckevičius
- M. Franckevičius; Center for Physical Sciences and Technology; Savanorių Ave. 231 Vilnius, LT- 02300 Lithuania
| | - Vygintas Jankauskas
- Department of Solid State Electronics; Vilnius University; Sauletekio 9 Vilnius 10222 Lithuania
| | - Henry J. Snaith
- Department of Physics Clarendon Laboratory; University of Oxford; Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PU UK
| | - Vytautas Getautis
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Kaunas University of Technology; Radvilenu pl. 19 Kaunas 50254 Lithuania
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13
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Abstract
Fast and simple synthesis of hole transporting materials inspired by “click-chemistry” was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Magomedov
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Kaunas University of Technology
- Kaunas 50254
- Lithuania
| | - S. Urnikaite
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Kaunas University of Technology
- Kaunas 50254
- Lithuania
| | - O. Paliulis
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Kaunas University of Technology
- Kaunas 50254
- Lithuania
| | - V. Jankauskas
- Department of Solid State Electronics
- Vilnius University
- Vilnius 10222
- Lithuania
| | - V. Getautis
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Kaunas University of Technology
- Kaunas 50254
- Lithuania
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14
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Gratia P, Magomedov A, Malinauskas T, Daskeviciene M, Abate A, Ahmad S, Grätzel M, Getautis V, Nazeeruddin MK. Frontispiece: A Methoxydiphenylamine‐Substituted Carbazole Twin Derivative: An Efficient Hole‐Transporting Material for Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201583962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Gratia
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials and Laboratory for Photonics and Interfaces, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne (Switzerland)
| | - Artiom Magomedov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, 50254 Kaunas (Lithuania)
| | - Tadas Malinauskas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, 50254 Kaunas (Lithuania)
| | - Maryte Daskeviciene
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, 50254 Kaunas (Lithuania)
| | - Antonio Abate
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials and Laboratory for Photonics and Interfaces, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne (Switzerland)
| | - Shahzada Ahmad
- Department Abengoa Research, C/Energía Solar no1, Campus Palmas Altas, 41014 Sevilla (Spain)
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials and Laboratory for Photonics and Interfaces, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne (Switzerland)
| | - Vytautas Getautis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, 50254 Kaunas (Lithuania)
| | - Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials and Laboratory for Photonics and Interfaces, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne (Switzerland)
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah (Saudi Arabia)
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15
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Gratia P, Magomedov A, Malinauskas T, Daskeviciene M, Abate A, Ahmad S, Grätzel M, Getautis V, Nazeeruddin MK. Frontispiz: Methoxydiphenylamin-substituiertes Carbazol-Zwillingsderivat: ein effizienter organischer Lochleiter für Perowskit-Solarzellen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201583962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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16
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Gratia P, Magomedov A, Malinauskas T, Daskeviciene M, Abate A, Ahmad S, Grätzel M, Getautis V, Nazeeruddin MK. A Methoxydiphenylamine-Substituted Carbazole Twin Derivative: An Efficient Hole-Transporting Material for Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:11409-13. [PMID: 26184563 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The small-molecule-based hole-transporting material methoxydiphenylamine-substituted carbazole was synthesized and incorporated into a CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cell, which displayed a power conversion efficiency of 16.91%, the second highest conversion efficiency after that of Spiro-OMeTAD. The investigated hole-transporting material was synthesized in two steps from commercially available and relatively inexpensive starting reagents. Various electro-optical measurements (UV/Vis, IV, thin-film conductivity, hole mobility, DSC, TGA, ionization potential) have been carried out to characterize the new hole-transporting material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Gratia
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials and Laboratory for Photonics and Interfaces, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne (Switzerland)
| | - Artiom Magomedov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, 50254 Kaunas (Lithuania)
| | - Tadas Malinauskas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, 50254 Kaunas (Lithuania)
| | - Maryte Daskeviciene
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, 50254 Kaunas (Lithuania)
| | - Antonio Abate
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials and Laboratory for Photonics and Interfaces, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne (Switzerland)
| | - Shahzada Ahmad
- Department Abengoa Research, C/Energía Solar no1, Campus Palmas Altas, 41014 Sevilla (Spain)
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials and Laboratory for Photonics and Interfaces, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne (Switzerland)
| | - Vytautas Getautis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, 50254 Kaunas (Lithuania).
| | - Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials and Laboratory for Photonics and Interfaces, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne (Switzerland). .,Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah (Saudi Arabia).
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Gratia P, Magomedov A, Malinauskas T, Daskeviciene M, Abate A, Ahmad S, Grätzel M, Getautis V, Nazeeruddin MK. Methoxydiphenylamin-substituiertes Carbazol-Zwillingsderivat: ein effizienter organischer Lochleiter für Perowskit-Solarzellen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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18
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Gamiz-Hernandez AP, Magomedov A, Hummer G, Kaila VRI. Linear Energy Relationships in Ground State Proton Transfer and Excited State Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:2611-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp508790n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana P. Gamiz-Hernandez
- Department
Chemie, Technische Universität München (TUM) Lichtenbergstraße
4, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Artiom Magomedov
- Department
Chemie, Technische Universität München (TUM) Lichtenbergstraße
4, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Gerhard Hummer
- Department
of Theoretical Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max-von-Laue-Straße
3, 60438 Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
| | - Ville R. I. Kaila
- Department
Chemie, Technische Universität München (TUM) Lichtenbergstraße
4, D-85747 Garching, Germany
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