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Daniels TE, Mathis KJ, Gobin AP, Lewis-de Los Angeles WW, Smith EM, Chanthrakumar P, de la Monte S, Tyrka AR. Associations of early life stress with leptin and ghrelin in healthy young adults. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 149:106007. [PMID: 36577337 PMCID: PMC9931677 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.106007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood adversity is a major risk factor for cardiometabolic health problems. Stress-related changes in diet suggest a role for endocrine factors that influence dietary intake, such as leptin and ghrelin. These hormones influence metabolism and may contribute to the relationship of early adversity, mental, and cardiometabolic health. This study examined levels of leptin and ghrelin in a sample of young adults with and without early life stress (ELS). METHODS Young adults ages 18-40 (N = 200; 68.5% female) were recruited from the community. Participants with ELS (N = 118) had childhood maltreatment, and a subset, n = 92 (78.0%) also had parental loss, and n = 65 (55.1%) also had a current psychiatric disorder. Control participants (N = 82) had no maltreatment, parental loss, or psychiatric disorders. Standardized interviews and self-reports assessed demographics, adversity, medical/psychiatric history, and health behaviors. Exclusion criteria included medical conditions and current medications other than hormonal contraceptives. Body Mass Index (BMI) and other anthropometrics were measured, and fasting plasma was assayed for total ghrelin and leptin with the Bio-Plex Pro Human Diabetes Panel. RESULTS While ELS was significantly associated with greater leptin (r = .16, p = .025), a finding which held when adjusted for age and sex (F(3196)= 28.32, p = .011), this relationship was abolished when accounting for BMI (p = .44). Participants with ELS also had significantly lower total ghrelin (r = .21, p = .004), which held adjusting for age and sex (p = .002) and was attenuated (p = .045) when the model included BMI (F=46.82, p < .001). Current psychiatric disorder was also a significant predictor of greater leptin (r = .28, p < .001) and lower ghrelin (r = .29, p = .003). In the model with ELS and covariates, psychiatric disorder remained significant (F=7.26, p = .008) and ELS was no longer significant (p = .87). Associations with severity and recent perceived stress were also examined. CONCLUSION The relationship of ELS and leptin was no longer significant when accounting for BMI, suggesting potential avenues for intervention. Ghrelin findings persisted after correction for BMI, which may be secondary to physiological differences in the regulation of these hormones (leptin is produced by adipocytes, whereas ghrelin is produced primarily in the GI tract). Lastly, these findings suggest that psychiatric functioning may be a key component contributing to the relationship of lower total ghrelin and childhood adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa E Daniels
- Initiative on Stress, Trauma, and Resilience (STAR), Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.
| | | | - Asi Polly Gobin
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - William W Lewis-de Los Angeles
- Department of Pediatrics, Hasbro Children's Hospital and Bradley Hospital, RI, USA; Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Eric M Smith
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Suzanne de la Monte
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Departments of Medicine, Neurology, and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, and Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Audrey R Tyrka
- Initiative on Stress, Trauma, and Resilience (STAR), Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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Fukuda AM, Kang JWD, Gobin AP, Tirrell E, Kokdere F, Carpenter LL. Effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation on anhedonia in treatment resistant major depressive disorder. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e2329. [PMID: 34453491 PMCID: PMC8442591 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anhedonia is one of the defining features of depression but it remains difficult to target and treat. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a proven treatment for depression, but its effects on anhedonia and whether anhedonia can be used as a predictive biomarker of response is not well known. METHODS Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale was administered to patients with depression before and after a standard course of TMS in a naturalistic outpatient setting. RESULTS 144 patients were analyzed. There was an overall significant improvement in anhedonia from pre- to post-treatment (7.69 ± 3.88 vs. 2.96 ± 3.45; p < .001). Significant correlations between improvements in anhedonia and other depressive symptoms were present (r = 0.55, p < .001). Logistic regression revealed that baseline anhedonia severity was not a significant predictor of clinical outcome. CONCLUSION This is the first large, naturalistic study examining the effects of standard, non-research TMS on anhedonia. Among depressed patients, TMS resulted in significant improvements in anhedonia. Patients with severe baseline anhedonia had an equal chance of achieving clinical response/remission. Patients with anhedonia should not be excluded from treatment if they are safe for outpatient care and otherwise appropriate candidates for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Fukuda
- Butler Hospital TMS Clinic and Neuromodulation Research Facility, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Jee Won Diane Kang
- Butler Hospital TMS Clinic and Neuromodulation Research Facility, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Asi Polly Gobin
- Butler Hospital TMS Clinic and Neuromodulation Research Facility, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Eric Tirrell
- Butler Hospital TMS Clinic and Neuromodulation Research Facility, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Fatih Kokdere
- Butler Hospital TMS Clinic and Neuromodulation Research Facility, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Linda L Carpenter
- Butler Hospital TMS Clinic and Neuromodulation Research Facility, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Marquez FD, Risica PM, Mathis KJ, Sullivan A, Gobin AP, Tyrka AR. Do measures of healthy eating differ in survivors of early adversity? Appetite 2021; 162:105180. [PMID: 33684530 PMCID: PMC8058294 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Early life adversity has been linked to poor health, including obesity. Understanding the role of unhealthy food intake, may elucidate the importance of self-soothing behaviors in explaining the association between early life adversity and poor health in adulthood. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between early life adversity and dietary quality in a sample of adults from the Lifestyle Influences of Family Environment study. Early life adversity, demographic, and dietary data were obtained for 145 participants using formal interviews and two days of interviewer-administered 24-h recalls. Dietary quality was measured using the 2015 Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scoring algorithm to compute total and component scores. The association between early life adversity and dietary quality was assessed through linear regression and in models adjusted for age and sex. The mean ± SD HEI score for all participants was 54.6 ± 12.8. Individuals with early life adversity had a 4.51 lower overall HEI score when compared to those without early life adversity, 95% CI (0.35, 8.68). After adjusting for age and sex, early life adversity was associated with a 4.6 lower HEI score, 95% CI (0.45, 8.73). HEI component scores indicated that individuals with early life adversity were significantly more likely to have lower whole grain (0.7 versus 2.4) and total dairy (4.3 versus 6.1) scores compared to those without early life adversity. ELA was associated with lower measures of dietary quality. Results warrant future research on dietary and behavioral factors that underly the association between early life adversity and poor health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco D Marquez
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Patricia M Risica
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI, 02912, USA; Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI, 02912, USA; Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Karen Jennings Mathis
- College of Nursing, University of Rhode Island. 350 Eddy Street, Providence, RI, 02908, USA.
| | - Adam Sullivan
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Asi Polly Gobin
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital. 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - Audrey R Tyrka
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital. 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI, 02906, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University. Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity Research, Box G-BH, 700 Butler Drive, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
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Kokdere F, Tirrell E, Fukuda AM, Gobin AP, Kavanaugh BC, Price LH, Carpenter LL. Do deviations from the 5 sessions per week schedule impact outcomes of transcranial magnetic stimulation for major depressive disorder? Brain Stimul 2020; 13:1491-1493. [PMID: 32768691 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Kokdere
- Butler Hospital TMS Clinic and Neuromodulation Research Facility, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Eric Tirrell
- Butler Hospital TMS Clinic and Neuromodulation Research Facility, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Andrew M Fukuda
- Butler Hospital TMS Clinic and Neuromodulation Research Facility, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Asi Polly Gobin
- Butler Hospital TMS Clinic and Neuromodulation Research Facility, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Brian C Kavanaugh
- Emma Pendleton Bradley Hospital, Riverside, RI, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lawrence H Price
- Butler Hospital TMS Clinic and Neuromodulation Research Facility, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Linda L Carpenter
- Butler Hospital TMS Clinic and Neuromodulation Research Facility, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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Bublitz MH, Rodriguez D, Polly Gobin A, Waldemore M, Magee S, Stroud LR. Maternal history of adoption or foster care placement in childhood: a risk factor for preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 211:397.e1-6. [PMID: 24713238 PMCID: PMC4175117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to assess the impact of maternal history of adoption or foster care placement in childhood on the risk for preterm birth (PTB), controlling for other known risk factors for PTB. STUDY DESIGN Participants were 302 pregnant women from a low-income, diverse sample drawn from 2 intensive prospective studies of maternal mood and behavior and fetal and infant development. Gestational age was determined by best obstetric estimate. Maternal history of adoption or foster care placement prior to age 18 years was determined by maternal report. Other maternal characteristics, including maternal medical conditions, psychosocial characteristics, and health behaviors, were measured during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. RESULTS The odds of delivering preterm (gestational age <37 weeks) were approximately 4 times greater among women with a history of childhood adoption or foster care placement compared with women who were never placed out of the home during childhood. This association remained significant after adjusting for other known risk factors for PTB including maternal medical conditions, psychosocial characteristics, and negative health behaviors in pregnancy. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that a history of adoption/foster care placement is an important risk factor for PTB and may be comparable with other established risk factors for PTB including prior history of PTB, body mass index, African-American race, and advanced maternal age. More studies are needed to understand why women with placement histories may be at increased risk to deliver preterm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret H Bublitz
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, and The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI.
| | - Daniel Rodriguez
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, and The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Asi Polly Gobin
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, and The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Marissa Waldemore
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, and The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Susanna Magee
- Department of Family Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island, Pawtucket, RI
| | - Laura R Stroud
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, and The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI
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