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Underwood JFG, DelPozo-Banos M, Frizzati A, Rai D, John A, Hall J. Neurological and psychiatric disorders among autistic adults: a population healthcare record study. Psychol Med 2023; 53:5663-5673. [PMID: 36189783 PMCID: PMC10482712 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722002884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Co-occurring psychiatric disorders are common in autism, with previous studies suggesting 54-94% of autistic individuals develop a mental health condition in their lifetime. Most studies have looked at clinically-recruited cohorts, or paediatric cohorts followed into adulthood, with less known about the autistic community at a population level. We therefore studied the prevalence of co-occurring psychiatric and neurological conditions in autistic individuals in a national sample. METHODS This retrospective case-control study utilised the SAIL Databank to examine anonymised whole population electronic health record data from 2001 to 2016 in Wales, UK (N = 3.6 million). We investigated the prevalence of co-occurring psychiatric and selected neurological diagnoses in autistic adults' records during the study period using International Classification of Diseases-10 and Read v2 clinical codes compared to general population controls matched for age, sex and deprivation. RESULTS All psychiatric conditions examined were more common amongst adults with autism after adjusting for age, sex and deprivation. Prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (7.00%), bipolar disorder (2.50%), obsessive-compulsive disorder (3.02%), psychosis (18.30%) and schizophrenia (5.20%) were markedly elevated in those with autism, with corresponding odds ratios 8.24-10.74 times the general population. Depression (25.90%) and anxiety (22.40%) were also more prevalent, with epilepsy 9.21 times more common in autism. CONCLUSIONS We found that a range of psychiatric conditions were more frequently recorded in autistic individuals. We add to understanding of under-reporting and diagnostic overshadowing in autism. With increasing awareness of autism, services should be cognisant of the psychiatric conditions that frequently co-occur in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack F. G. Underwood
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Aura Frizzati
- Cedar Healthcare Technology Research Centre, Cardiff & Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - Dheeraj Rai
- Bristol Medical School, Bristol Population Health Science Institute, Bristol, UK
| | - Ann John
- Population Data Science, Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Jeremy Hall
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Autism spectrum disorders (autism) are thought to be relatively common, with analyses estimating 1% in the population could meet diagnostic criteria. New services for adult diagnosis have been set up in Wales, UK; however, no studies have examined for the proportion of adults with autism in Wales. In this study, we take anonymised healthcare record data from more than 3.6 million people to produce a national estimate of recorded autism diagnoses. We found the overall prevalence rate of autism in healthcare records was 0.51%. The number of new-recorded cases of autism increased from 0.188 per 1000 person-years in 2001 to 0.644 per 1000 person-years in 2016. The estimate of 0.51% prevalence in the population is lower than suggested by population survey and cohort studies, but comparable to other administrative records. From 2001 to 2016, the number of autism services for adults has increased, and autism is more widely known in society, while concurrently in healthcare records, there was a >150% increase autism diagnoses in the years 2008-2016. An increasing number of diagnoses were among women and those aged over 35 years. This study suggests that while the number of people being diagnosed with autism is increasing, many are still unrecognised by healthcare services.
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John A, Friedmann Y, DelPozo-Banos M, Frizzati A, Ford T, Thapar A. Association of school absence and exclusion with recorded neurodevelopmental disorders, mental disorders, or self-harm: a nationwide, retrospective, electronic cohort study of children and young people in Wales, UK. Lancet Psychiatry 2022; 9:23-34. [PMID: 34826393 PMCID: PMC8674147 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(21)00367-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor attendance at school, whether due to absenteeism or exclusion, leads to multiple social, educational, and lifelong socioeconomic disadvantages. We aimed to measure the association between a broad range of diagnosed neurodevelopmental and mental disorders and recorded self-harm by the age of 24 years and school attendance and exclusion. METHODS In this nationwide, retrospective, electronic cohort study, we drew a cohort from the Welsh Demographic Service Dataset, which included individuals aged 7-16 years (16 years being the school leaving age in the UK) enrolled in state-funded schools in Wales in the academic years 2012/13-2015/16 (between Sept 1, 2012, and Aug 31, 2016). Using the Adolescent Mental Health Data Platform, we linked attendance and exclusion data to national demographic and primary and secondary health-care datasets. We identified all pupils with a recorded diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders (ADHD and autism spectrum disorder [ASD]), learning difficulties, conduct disorder, depression, anxiety, eating disorders, alcohol or drugs misuse, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, other psychotic disorders, or recorded self-harm (our explanatory variables) before the age of 24 years. Outcomes were school absence and exclusion. Generalised estimating equations with exchangeable correlation structures using binomial distribution with the logit link function were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) for absenteeism and exclusion, adjusting for sex, age, and deprivation. FINDINGS School attendance, school exclusion, and health-care data were available for 414 637 pupils (201 789 [48·7%] girls and 212 848 [51·3%] boys; mean age 10·5 years [SD 3·8] on Sept 1, 2012; ethnicity data were not available). Individuals with a record of a neurodevelopmental disorder, mental disorder, or self-harm were more likely to be absent or excluded in any school year than were those without a record. Unadjusted ORs for absences ranged from 2·1 (95% CI 2·0-2·2) for those with neurodevelopmental disorders to 6·6 (4·9-8·3) for those with bipolar disorder. Adjusted ORs (aORs) for absences ranged from 2·0 (1·9-2·1) for those with neurodevelopmental disorders to 5·5 (4·2-7·2) for those with bipolar disorder. Unadjusted ORs for exclusion ranged from 1·7 (1·3-2·2) for those with eating disorders to 22·7 (20·8-24·7) for those with a record of drugs misuse. aORs for exclusion ranged from 1·8 (1·5-2·0) for those with learning difficulties to 11·0 (10·0-12·1) for those with a record of drugs misuse. INTERPRETATION Children and young people up to the age of 24 years with a record of a neurodevelopmental or mental disorder or self-harm before the age of 24 years were more likely to miss school than those without a record. Exclusion or persistent absence are potential indicators of current or future poor mental health that are routinely collected and could be used to target assessment and early intervention. Integrated school-based and health-care strategies to support young peoples' engagement with school life are required. FUNDING The Medical Research Council, MQ Mental Health Research, and the Economic and Social Research Council. TRANSLATION For the Welsh translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann John
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
| | - Yasmin Friedmann
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | - Aura Frizzati
- Cedar Healthcare Technology Research Centre, Cardiff Medicentre, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Tamsin Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anita Thapar
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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4
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Richards AL, Pardiñas AF, Frizzati A, Tansey KE, Lynham AJ, Holmans P, Legge SE, Savage JE, Agartz I, Andreassen OA, Blokland GAM, Corvin A, Cosgrove D, Degenhardt F, Djurovic S, Espeseth T, Ferraro L, Gayer-Anderson C, Giegling I, van Haren NE, Hartmann AM, Hubert JJ, Jönsson EG, Konte B, Lennertz L, Olde Loohuis LM, Melle I, Morgan C, Morris DW, Murray RM, Nyman H, Ophoff RA, van Os J, Petryshen TL, Quattrone D, Rietschel M, Rujescu D, Rutten BPF, Streit F, Strohmaier J, Sullivan PF, Sundet K, Wagner M, Escott-Price V, Owen MJ, Donohoe G, O’Donovan MC, Walters JTR. The Relationship Between Polygenic Risk Scores and Cognition in Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2020; 46:336-344. [PMID: 31206164 PMCID: PMC7442352 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbz061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment is a clinically important feature of schizophrenia. Polygenic risk score (PRS) methods have demonstrated genetic overlap between schizophrenia, bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD), educational attainment (EA), and IQ, but very few studies have examined associations between these PRS and cognitive phenotypes within schizophrenia cases. METHODS We combined genetic and cognitive data in 3034 schizophrenia cases from 11 samples using the general intelligence factor g as the primary measure of cognition. We used linear regression to examine the association between cognition and PRS for EA, IQ, schizophrenia, BD, and MDD. The results were then meta-analyzed across all samples. A genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of cognition was conducted in schizophrenia cases. RESULTS PRS for both population IQ (P = 4.39 × 10-28) and EA (P = 1.27 × 10-26) were positively correlated with cognition in those with schizophrenia. In contrast, there was no association between cognition in schizophrenia cases and PRS for schizophrenia (P = .39), BD (P = .51), or MDD (P = .49). No individual variant approached genome-wide significance in the GWAS. CONCLUSIONS Cognition in schizophrenia cases is more strongly associated with PRS that index cognitive traits in the general population than PRS for neuropsychiatric disorders. This suggests the mechanisms of cognitive variation within schizophrenia are at least partly independent from those that predispose to schizophrenia diagnosis itself. Our findings indicate that this cognitive variation arises at least in part due to genetic factors shared with cognitive performance in populations and is not solely due to illness or treatment-related factors, although our findings are consistent with important contributions from these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L Richards
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Antonio F Pardiñas
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Aura Frizzati
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Katherine E Tansey
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Amy J Lynham
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Peter Holmans
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sophie E Legge
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jeanne E Savage
- Complex Trait Genetics Lab, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- CoE NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gabriella A M Blokland
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Aiden Corvin
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Donna Cosgrove
- Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics Center, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Franziska Degenhardt
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- CoE NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Laura Ferraro
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Charlotte Gayer-Anderson
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Ina Giegling
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Neeltje E van Haren
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Sophia Children’s Hospital, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annette M Hartmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - John J Hubert
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Erik G Jönsson
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden,CoE NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bettina Konte
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Leonhard Lennertz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Loes M Olde Loohuis
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ingrid Melle
- CoE NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Craig Morgan
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College, London, UK
| | - Derek W Morris
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Robin M Murray
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Håkan Nyman
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Roel A Ophoff
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA,Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Jim van Os
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands,Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands,King’s Health Partners Department of Psychosis Studies, King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | | | | | - Tracey L Petryshen
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA,Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Diego Quattrone
- Social, Genetics and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Bart P F Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Fabian Streit
- Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jana Strohmaier
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Patrick F Sullivan
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Kjetil Sundet
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael Wagner
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Valentina Escott-Price
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael J Owen
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Michael C O’Donovan
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - James T R Walters
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK,To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: 44 (0)29-20688-434, fax: 44 (0)29-20687-068, e-mail:
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5
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Baker E, Sims R, Leonenko G, Frizzati A, Harwood JC, Grozeva D, Morgan K, Passmore P, Holmes C, Powell J, Brayne C, Gill M, Mead S, Bossù P, Spalletta G, Goate AM, Cruchaga C, Maier W, Heun R, Jessen F, Peters O, Dichgans M, FröLich L, Ramirez A, Jones L, Hardy J, Ivanov D, Hill M, Holmans P, Allen ND, Morgan BP, Seshadri S, Schellenberg GD, Amouyel P, Williams J, Escott-Price V. Gene-based analysis in HRC imputed genome wide association data identifies three novel genes for Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218111. [PMID: 31283791 PMCID: PMC6613773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Late onset Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia for which about 30 susceptibility loci have been reported. The aim of the current study is to identify novel genes associated with Alzheimer's disease using the largest up-to-date reference single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panel, the most accurate imputation software and a novel gene-based analysis approach which tests for patterns of association within genes, in the powerful genome-wide association dataset of the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project Consortium, comprising over 7 million genotypes from 17,008 Alzheimer's cases and 37,154 controls. In addition to earlier reported genes, we detected three novel gene-wide significant loci PPARGC1A (p = 2.2 × 10-6), RORA (p = 7.4 × 10-7) and ZNF423 (p = 2.1 × 10-6). PPARGC1A and RORA are involved in circadian rhythm; circadian disturbances are one of the earliest symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. PPARGC1A is additionally linked to energy metabolism and the generation of amyloid beta plaques. RORA is involved in a variety of functions apart from circadian rhythm, such as cholesterol metabolism and inflammation. The ZNF423 gene resides in an Alzheimer's disease-specific protein network and is likely involved with centrosomes and DNA damage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Baker
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Sims
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ganna Leonenko
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Aura Frizzati
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Janet C. Harwood
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Detelina Grozeva
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kevin Morgan
- Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Life Sciences Building A27, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Passmore
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Clive Holmes
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - John Powell
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carol Brayne
- Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Gill
- Mercer’s Institute for Research on Ageing, St. James’ Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- James Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Simon Mead
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, Institute of Prion Diseases, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Bossù
- Experimental Neuropsychobiology Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alison M. Goate
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Reinhard Heun
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Munich, 80336, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Lutz FröLich
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lesley Jones
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL, Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dobril Ivanov
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Hill
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Holmans
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas D. Allen
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - B. Paul Morgan
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gerard D. Schellenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille University Hospital, Institut Pasteur de Lille, LabEx DISTALZ-UMR1167 - RID-AGE - Risk factors and molecular determinants of aging-related, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Julie Williams
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Escott-Price
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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6
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Naj A, Sha J, Leonenko G, Chen Y, Chouraki V, Leber M, Sims R, Grenier-Boley B, Bis JC, Zhao Y, Kuzma AB, Kunkle BW, Karamujić-Čomić H, Van Der Lee SJ, Bellenguez C, Frizzati A, Holmans P, Dupuis J, Wang LS, Farrer LA, van Duijn CM, Haines JL, Destefano AL, Pericak-Vance MA, Ramirez A, Amouyel P, Lambert JC, Seshadri S, Williams J, Schellenberg GD. O2-10-06: GENOME-WIDE META-ANALYSIS OF LATE-ONSET ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE USING RARE VARIANT IMPUTATION IN 64,859 SUBJECTS IDENTIFIES RISK LOCI WITH ROLES IN INNATE IMMUNITY AND CARDIOVASCULAR TRAITS: THE INTERNATIONAL GENOMICS OF ALZHEIMER'S PROJECT (IGAP). Alzheimers Dement 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.06.4510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Naj
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Jin Sha
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Ganna Leonenko
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences; Cardiff University; Cardiff United Kingdom
| | - Yuning Chen
- Boston University School of Public Health; Boston MA USA
| | - Vincent Chouraki
- Lille University; Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille; Lille France
| | | | - Rebecca Sims
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences; Cardiff University; Cardiff United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Yi Zhao
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Amanda B. Kuzma
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia PA USA
| | | | | | | | - Celine Bellenguez
- Institut Pasteur de Lille; Lille France
- Inserm; Lille France
- Université Lille 2; Lille France
| | - Aura Frizzati
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences; Cardiff University; Cardiff United Kingdom
| | - Peter Holmans
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences; Cardiff University; Cardiff United Kingdom
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Boston University School of Public Health; Boston MA USA
| | - Li-San Wang
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Lindsay A. Farrer
- Boston University School of Public Health; Boston MA USA
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center; Boston MA USA
- Boston University School of Medicine; Boston MA USA
| | - Cornelia M. van Duijn
- Nuffield Department of Population Health; University of Oxford; Oxford United Kingdom
| | | | - Anita L. Destefano
- Boston University School of Public Health; Boston MA USA
- Boston University School of Medicine; Boston MA USA
| | - Margaret A. Pericak-Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami FL USA
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- University of Cologne; Koln Germany
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- Institut Pasteur de Lille; Lille France
- Inserm; Lille France
- Université Lille 2; Lille France
| | - Jean-Charles Lambert
- Institut Pasteur de Lille; Lille France
- Inserm; Lille France
- Université Lille 2; Lille France
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Boston University School of Medicine; Boston MA USA
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; San Antonio TX USA
- University of Texas Health; School of Public Health; Houston TX USA
| | - Julie Williams
- UK Dementia Research Institute; Cardiff University; Cardiff United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff; Cardiff University; Cardiff United Kingdom
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Leonenko G, Sims R, Shoai M, Frizzati A, Bossù P, Spalletta G, Fox NC, Williams J, Hardy J, Escott‐Price V. Polygenic risk and hazard scores for Alzheimer's disease prediction. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:456-465. [PMID: 30911569 PMCID: PMC6414493 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified over 30 susceptibility loci associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Using AD GWAS data from the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project (IGAP), Polygenic Risk Score (PRS) was successfully applied to predict life time risk of AD development. A recently introduced Polygenic Hazard Score (PHS) is able to quantify individuals with age-specific genetic risk for AD. The aim of this study was to quantify the age-specific genetic risk for AD with PRS and compare the results generated by PRS with those from PHS. Methods Quantification of individual differences in age-specific genetic risk for AD identified by the PRS, was performed with Cox Regression on 9903 (2626 cases and 7277 controls) individuals from the Genetic and Environmental Risk in Alzheimer's Disease consortium (GERAD). Polygenic Hazard Scores were generated for the same individuals. The age-specific genetic risk for AD identified by the PRS was compared with that generated by the PHS. This was repeated using varying SNPs P-value thresholds for disease association. Results Polygenic Risk Score significantly predicted the risk associated with age at AD onset when SNPs were preselected for association to AD at P ≤ 0.001. The strongest effect (B = 0.28, SE = 0.04, P = 2.5 × 10-12) was observed for PRS based upon genome-wide significant SNPs (P ≤ 5 × 10-8). The strength of association was weaker with less stringent SNP selection thresholds. Interpretation Both PRS and PHS can be used to predict an age-specific risk for developing AD. The PHS approach uses SNP effect sizes derived with the Cox Proportional Hazard Regression model. When SNPs were selected based upon AD GWAS case/control P ≤ 10-3, we found no advantage of using SNP effects sizes calculated with the Cox Proportional Hazard Regression model in our study. When SNPs are selected for association with AD risk at P > 10-3, the age-specific risk prediction results are not significant for either PRS or PHS. However PHS could be more advantageous than PRS of age specific AD risk predictions when SNPs are prioritized for association with AD age at onset (i.e., powerful Cox Regression GWAS study).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganna Leonenko
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and GenomicsCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Sims
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and GenomicsCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Maryam Shoai
- Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Aura Frizzati
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and GenomicsCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Paola Bossù
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral NeurologyExperimental Neuropsychobiology LaboratoryIRCCS Santa Lucia FoundationRomeItaly
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral NeurologyExperimental Neuropsychobiology LaboratoryIRCCS Santa Lucia FoundationRomeItaly
| | - Nick C. Fox
- Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Julie Williams
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and GenomicsCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research InstituteCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | | | - John Hardy
- Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Valentina Escott‐Price
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and GenomicsCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research InstituteCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
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Grozeva D, Frizzati A, Sims R, Morgan T, Raybould R, Rees E, Majounie E, Denning N, Meggy A, Marshall R, Beaumont B, Nash W, Davies C, Morgan J, Leonenko G, Menzies GE, Badarinarayan N, Escott-Price V, Williams J. P2‐112: NEXT GENERATION EXOME SEQUENCING IN A LARGE SAMPLE OF ALZHEIMER'S PATIENTS. Alzheimers Dement 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Detelina Grozeva
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Aura Frizzati
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Sims
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Taniesha Morgan
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Rachel Raybould
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Elliott Rees
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Elisa Majounie
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Nicola Denning
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Alun Meggy
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Rachel Marshall
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Bartholomew Beaumont
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - William Nash
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Chloe Davies
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Joanne Morgan
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Ganna Leonenko
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Georgina E. Menzies
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Nandini Badarinarayan
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Valentina Escott-Price
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Julie Williams
- U.K. Dementia Research Institute at CardiffCardiffUnited Kingdom
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Leonenko G, Frizzati A, Sims R, Shoai M, Consortium G, Hardy J, Williams J, Escott-Price V. P2‐122: COMPARING RESULTS OF POLYGENIC RISK SCORE AND POLYGENIC HAZARD SCORE IN PREDICTION OF AGE SPECIFIC RISK FOR DEVELOPING ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. Alzheimers Dement 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ganna Leonenko
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Aura Frizzati
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Sims
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | - John Hardy
- University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Julie Williams
- U.K. Dementia Research Institute at CardiffCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Valentina Escott-Price
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
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Frizzati A, Milczarek MM, Sengpiel F, Thomas KL, Dillingham CM, Vann SD. Comparable reduction in Zif268 levels and cytochrome oxidase activity in the retrosplenial cortex following mammillothalamic tract lesions. Neuroscience 2016; 330:39-49. [PMID: 27233617 PMCID: PMC4936792 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mammillothalamic tract lesions impaired T-maze alternation performance. Mammillothalamic tract lesions reduced Zif268 levels in retrosplenial cortex. Mammillothalamic tract lesions reduced cytochrome oxidase in retrosplenial cortex. No changes were found in the dorsal hippocampus. These distal changes may contribute to the memory impairments.
Damage to the mammillothalamic tract (MTT) produces memory impairments in both humans and rats, yet it is still not clear why this diencephalic pathway is vital for memory. One suggestion is that it is an important route for midbrain inputs to reach a wider cortical and subcortical network that supports memory. Consistent with this idea, MTT lesions produce widespread hypoactivity in distal brain regions as measured by the immediate-early gene, c-fos. To determine whether these findings were selective to c-fos or reflected more general changes in neuronal function, we assessed the effects of MTT lesions on the expression of the immediate-early gene protein, Zif268 and the metabolic marker, cytochrome oxidase, in the retrosplenial cortex and hippocampus. The lesions decreased levels of both activity markers in the superficial and deep layers of the retrosplenial cortex in both its granular and dysgranular subregions. In contrast, no significant changes were observed in the hippocampus, despite the MTT-lesioned animals showing marked impairments on T-maze alternation. These findings are consistent with MTT lesions providing important, indirect inputs for normal retrosplenial cortex functioning. These distal functional changes may contribute to the memory impairments observed after MTT lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aura Frizzati
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Tower Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK; School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Michal M Milczarek
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Tower Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK; School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Frank Sengpiel
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Kerrie L Thomas
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Christopher M Dillingham
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Tower Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK; Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Lloyd Building, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Seralynne D Vann
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Tower Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK.
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Dillingham CM, Frizzati A, Nelson AJD, Vann SD. How do mammillary body inputs contribute to anterior thalamic function? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 54:108-19. [PMID: 25107491 PMCID: PMC4462591 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
It has long been assumed that the main function of the mammillary bodies is to provide a relay for indirect hippocampal inputs to the anterior thalamic nuclei. Such models afford the mammillary bodies no independent role in memory and overlook the importance of their other, non-hippocampal, inputs. This review focuses on recent advances that herald a new understanding of the importance of the mammillary bodies, and their inputs from the limbic midbrain, for anterior thalamic function. It has become apparent that the mammillary bodies' contribution to memory is not dependent on afferents from the subicular complex. Rather, the ventral tegmental nucleus of Gudden is a vital source of inputs that support memory processes within the medial mammillary bodies. In parallel, the lateral mammillary bodies, via their connections with the dorsal tegmental nucleus of Gudden, are critical for generating head-direction signals. These two parallel, but distinct, information streams converge on the anterior thalamic nuclei and support different aspects of spatial memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Dillingham
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Tower Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Aura Frizzati
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Tower Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J D Nelson
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Tower Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Seralynne D Vann
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Tower Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom.
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