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Faigenbaum AD, Garcia-Hermoso A, MacDonald JP, Mortatti A, Rial Rebullido T. Bridging the gap between strengthspan and lifespan. Br J Sports Med 2024:bjsports-2024-108357. [PMID: 38754987 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2024-108357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Avery D Faigenbaum
- Dept of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - James P MacDonald
- Division of Sports Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Arnaldo Mortatti
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Brazil
| | - Tamara Rial Rebullido
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Monmouth University, West Long Branch, New Jersey, USA
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Duarte Junior MA, Gaya AR, Mello JB, Faigenbaum AD, García-Hermoso A, López-Gil JF. Meeting muscle-strengthening recommendation is associated with lower adiposity, higher physical fitness and healthier lifestyle in adolescents: The EHDLA study. Acta Paediatr 2024; 113:1059-1067. [PMID: 38332548 DOI: 10.1111/apa.17126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
AIM To determine the prevalence of adolescents who meet muscle-strengthening activities (MSA) recommendation and their associations with anthropometric variables, physical fitness, and lifestyle behaviours in a sample of Spanish adolescents aged 12-17 years. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study using data from The Eating Healthy and Daily Life Activities (EHDLA) Study. Participants reported the days on which they engaged in MSA (≥3 days per week were considered to meet World Health Organization recommendation). Physical fitness was assessed with the ALPHA fitness battery. Additionally, body mass index, waist circumference, skinfolds and body fat percentage were assessed. Lifestyle variables were recreational screen time, sleep time and adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The associations between MSA and outcome variables were tested with linear and logistic regressions. RESULTS Of the 852 participants, 48% met MSA recommendation. Meeting MSA recommendation was associated with lower adiposity and higher performance in the shuttle run test, maximal oxygen consumption, standing long jump, speed-agility, flexibility, lower screen time (in weekdays) and higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet. CONCLUSION Engaging in MSA once or twice a week was linked with more desirable health outcomes than not engaging in such activities. However, meet with MSA recommendation (i.e., at least 3 days per week) reinforced these benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angelo Duarte Junior
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anelise Reis Gaya
- PROESP-Br Research Group, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Júlio Brugnara Mello
- EFiDac Research Group, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Avery D Faigenbaum
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Navarrabiomed, Public University of Navarra (UPNA), Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), University Hospital of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain
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Villa-González E, Faigenbaum AD, López-Gil JF. Unveiling the relationship of physical literacy with muscular fitness and muscle-strengthening activities in adolescents: the EHDLA study. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2024; 10:e001919. [PMID: 38529124 PMCID: PMC10961553 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2024-001919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study evaluated the relationship between physical literacy (PL) and muscular fitness (MF) as well as muscle-strengthening activities (MSA) in adolescents. Methods A secondary cross-sectional study included 823 adolescents (45.1% boys) from the Eating Healthy and Daily Life Activities Study. The Spanish Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument for Adolescents (S-PPLI) assessed the participants' perceived PL. The evaluation of MF in the young population was conducted using the Assessing the Levels of Physical Activity and Fitness (ALPHA-FIT) test battery. MSA were assessed by the following question: 'In the past week, how many days did you exercise to strengthen or tone the muscle, such as through push-ups, sit-ups or lifting weights?' To examine the associations between S-PPLI scores and handgrip strength, standing long jump and MSA days in adolescents, we employed generalised additive models. Results Participants with high perceived physical literacty (PPL) had the highest handgrip strength (mean=25.1; PPL had the highest handgrip strength (mean=25.1; bias-corrected and accelerated (BCa) bootstrapped 95% CI 24.2 to 26.0) and standing long jump (mean=149.7; confidence interval (CI) 24.2 to 26.0) and standing long jump (mean=149.7; 24.2 to 26.0) and standing long jump (mean=149.7; BCa bootstrapped 95% CI 145.8 to 153.5). Conversely, those adolescents with low PPL had the lowest handgrip strength (mean=23.1; BCa bootstrapped 95% CI 22.3 to 23.8) and standing long jump (mean=137.3; BCa bootstrapped 95% CI 133.9 to 140.6). For MSA, adolescents with high PPL had the highest mean of MSA days (mean=3.0; BCa bootstrapped 95% CI 2.8 to 3.3), while the lowest mean was observed for those with low PPL (mean=2.0; BCa bootstrapped 95% CI 1.8 to 2.2). Conclusion A high level of PL was associated with higher levels of MF and MSA among Spanish adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Villa-González
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Avery D Faigenbaum
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, USA
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Faigenbaum AD, Ratamess NA, Kang J, Bush JA, Rial Rebullido T. May the Force Be with Youth: Foundational Strength for Lifelong Development. Curr Sports Med Rep 2023; 22:414-422. [PMID: 38055751 DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000001122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Today's youth are weaker than previous generations, and measurable reductions in physical fitness are beginning to emerge. Without targeted initiatives that recognize the foundational importance of resistance training, weaker children and adolescents may be more likely to experience the inevitable consequences of neuromuscular dysfunction and less likely to experience the pleiotropic benefits of exercise and sport. Early exposure to strength-building activities is needed to prepare today's youth for ongoing participation in varied physical activities throughout this developmental phase of life. The novel iceberg of physical development is a metaphoric image that illustrates the sequential and cumulative influence of muscular strength on motor skills and physical abilities. Efforts to enhance the physical capacity of youth should include resistive skills that improve basic movement patterns and enhance motoric competence. A shift in our conceptual thinking about youth resistance training is needed to alter the current trajectory toward physical inactivity and related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery D Faigenbaum
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ
| | - Nicholas A Ratamess
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ
| | - Jie Kang
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ
| | - Jill A Bush
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ
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Robinson K, Riley N, Owen K, Drew R, Mavilidi MF, Hillman CH, Faigenbaum AD, Garcia-Hermoso A, Lubans DR. Effects of Resistance Training on Academic Outcomes in School-Aged Youth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2023; 53:2095-2109. [PMID: 37466900 PMCID: PMC10587249 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01881-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary aim of our systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effect of resistance training on academic outcomes in school-aged youth. METHODS We conducted a systematic search of six electronic databases (CINAHL Complete, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, Ovid MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus and EMBASE) with no date restrictions. Studies were eligible if they: (a) included school-aged youth (5-18 years), and (b) examined the effect of resistance training on academic outcomes (i.e., cognitive function, academic achievement, and/or on-task behaviour in the classroom). Risk of bias was assessed using the appropriate Cochrane Risk of Bias Tools, funnel plots and Egger's regression asymmetry tests. A structural equation modelling approach was used to conduct the meta-analysis. RESULTS Fifty-three studies were included in our systematic review. Participation in resistance training (ten studies with 53 effect sizes) had a small positive effect on the overall cognitive, academic and on-task behaviours in school-aged youth (standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.05-0.32). Resistance training was more effective (SMD 0.26, 95% CI 0.10-0.42) than concurrent training, i.e., the combination of resistance training and aerobic training (SMD 0.11, 95% CI - 0.05-0.28). An additional 43 studies (including 211 effect sizes) examined the association between muscular fitness and cognition or academic achievement, also yielding a positive relationship (SMD 0.13, 95% CI 0.10-0.16). CONCLUSION This review provides preliminary evidence that resistance training may improve cognitive function, academic performance, and on-task behaviours in school-aged youth. PROSPERO REGISTRATION CRD42020175695.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Robinson
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas Riley
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Katherine Owen
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ryan Drew
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Myrto F Mavilidi
- School of Education/Early Start, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), Keiraville, Australia
| | - Charles H Hillman
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy, Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Avery D Faigenbaum
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, 08628, USA
| | - Antonio Garcia-Hermoso
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - David Revalds Lubans
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
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Kang J, Fardman BM, Ratamess NA, Faigenbaum AD, Bush JA. Efficacy of Postprandial Exercise in Mitigating Glycemic Responses in Overweight Individuals and Individuals with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2023; 15:4489. [PMID: 37892564 PMCID: PMC10610082 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies investigating the acute effect of postprandial exercise (PPE) on glucose responses exhibit significant heterogeneity in terms of participant demographic, exercise protocol, and exercise timing post-meal. As such, this study aimed to further analyze the existing literature on the impact of PPE on glycemic control in overweight individuals and individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). A literature search was conducted through databases such as PubMed, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. Thirty-one original research studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected. A random-effect meta-analysis was performed to compare postprandial glucose area under the curve (AUC) and 24 h mean glucose levels between PPE and the time-matched no-exercise control (CON). Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore whether the glucose-lowering effect of PPE could be influenced by exercise duration, exercise timing post-meal, and the disease status of participants. This study revealed a significantly reduced glucose AUC (Hedges' g = -0.317; SE = 0.057; p < 0.05) and 24 h mean glucose levels (Hedges' g = -0.328; SE = 0.062; p < 0.05) following PPE compared to CON. The reduction in glucose AUC was greater (p < 0.05) following PPE lasting >30 min compared to ≤30 min. The reduction in 24 h mean glucose levels was also greater (p < 0.05) following PPE for ≥60 min compared to <60 min post-meal and in those with T2DM compared to those without T2DM. PPE offers a viable approach for glucose management and can be performed in various forms so long as exercise duration is sufficient. The glucose-lowering effect of PPE may be further enhanced by initiating it after the first hour post-meal. PPE is a promising strategy, particularly for patients with T2DM. This manuscript is registered with Research Registry (UIN: reviewregistry1693).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Kang
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ 08618, USA; (N.A.R.); (A.D.F.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Brian M. Fardman
- Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA;
| | - Nicholas A. Ratamess
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ 08618, USA; (N.A.R.); (A.D.F.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Avery D. Faigenbaum
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ 08618, USA; (N.A.R.); (A.D.F.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Jill A. Bush
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ 08618, USA; (N.A.R.); (A.D.F.); (J.A.B.)
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Kang J, Ratamess NA, Faigenbaum AD, Bush JA, Finnerty C, DiFiore M, Garcia A, Beller N. Time-of-Day Effects of Exercise on Cardiorespiratory Responses and Endurance Performance-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:2080-2090. [PMID: 37026733 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Kang, J, Ratamess, NA, Faigenbaum, AD, Bush, JA, Finnerty, C, DiFiore, M, Garcia, A, and Beller, N. Time-of-day effects of exercise on cardiorespiratory responses and endurance performance-A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res 37(10): 2080-2090, 2023-The time-of-day effect of exercise on human function remains largely equivocal. Hence, this study aimed to further analyze the existing evidence concerning diurnal variations in cardiorespiratory responses and endurance performance using a meta-analytic approach. Literature search was conducted through databases, including PubMed, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. Article selection was made based on inclusion criteria concerning subjects' characteristics, exercise protocols, times of testing, and targeted dependent variables. Results on oxygen uptake (V̇ o2 ), heart rate (HR), respiratory exchange ratio, and endurance performance in the morning (AM) and late afternoon or evening (PM) were extracted from the chosen studies. Meta-analysis was conducted with the random-effects model. Thirty-one original research studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected. Meta-analysis revealed higher resting V̇ o2 (Hedges' g = -0.574; p = 0.040) and resting HR (Hedges' g = -1.058; p = 0.002) in PM than in AM. During exercise, although V̇ o2 remained indifferent between AM and PM, HR was higher in PM at submaximal (Hedges' g = -0.199; p = 0.046) and maximal (Hedges' g = -0.298; p = 0.001) levels. Endurance performance as measured by time-to-exhaustion or the total work accomplished was higher in PM than in AM (Hedges' g = -0.654; p = 0.001). Diurnal variations in V̇ o2 appear less detectable during aerobic exercise. The finding that exercising HR and endurance performance were greater in PM than in AM emphasizes the need to consider the effect of circadian rhythm when evaluating athletic performance or using HR as a criterion to assess fitness or monitor training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Kang
- Human Performance Laboratory, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey
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Faigenbaum AD, Stracciolini A, MacDonald JP, Rial Rebullido T. Socioecological approach for building stronger youth for life. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:1162-1163. [PMID: 37236772 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-106748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Avery D Faigenbaum
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
| | - Andrea Stracciolini
- Orthopaedics/Sports Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James P MacDonald
- Division of Sports Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Tamara Rial Rebullido
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Monmouth University, West Long Branch, New Jersey, USA
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Villa-González E, Barranco-Ruiz Y, García-Hermoso A, Faigenbaum AD. Efficacy of school-based interventions for improving muscular fitness outcomes in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Sport Sci 2023; 23:444-459. [PMID: 35023448 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2029578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization recommends that children should engage in an average of 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day and should perform activities that strengthen muscle and bone at least 3 days a week. Public health professionals as well as pediatric researchers have identified schools as a strategic place to promote muscular strength development. Thus, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the efficacy of school-based exercise interventions for improving muscular fitness (MF) in children. Searches were conducted in three databases. Eligible criteria were randomized and non-randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of school-based exercise interventions on MF (i.e. muscular strength, muscular power, and local muscular endurance) in children under 13 years of age. Risk of bias by the National Institutes of Health tool was appraised, and pooled effect sizes (Hedges'g) were calculated using random-effects inverse-variance analyses. Seventeen studies enrolling 1653 children (28% girls were analyzed). Exercise interventions, mostly combined interventions targeting selected domains of MF, were associated with significant moderate increases in local muscular endurance (g = 0.65 95% CI, 0.13 to 1.17, p = 0.020; I2 = 85.0%) and muscular strength and muscular power (g = 0.33 95% CI, 0.16 to 0.51, p = 0.001; I2 = 59.3%), with higher effects using interventions with ≥3 sessions per week. Our findings indicate that school-based exercise that includes strength building exercises may improve MF in children and, consequently, prepare modern day youth for the demands of exercise and sport activities. HighlightsSchool-based muscle and bone strengthening exercises performed at least 3 days per week may serve to support the development of muscular fitness in girls and boysIntegrative interventions that include a variety of strength and conditioning activities seem to be a promising strategy to promote muscular fitness in school environmentFuture research should standardize assessment methods for use with children in the school context and should include interventions with girlsIt is of interest to a growing number of health care providers, fitness professionals and physical education teachers to encourage participation in well-designed muscle and bone strengthening exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Villa-González
- Department of Physical and Sports Education, PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Melilla, Spain
| | - Yaira Barranco-Ruiz
- Department of Physical and Sports Education, PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Melilla, Spain
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Avery D Faigenbaum
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
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Sugimoto D, Stracciolini A, Berbert L, Nohelty E, Kobelski GP, Parmeter B, Weller E, Faigenbaum AD, Myer GD. Assessment of Physical Tests in 6-11 Years Old Children: Findings from the Play Lifestyle and Activity in Youth (PLAY) Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:2552. [PMID: 36767925 PMCID: PMC9915144 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The purpose was to evaluate selected physical tests in children and to compare the outcomes by sex. A cross-sectional study design was used to evaluate children 6-11 years who completed five physical tests: hand grip, vertical jump, sit and reach, Y-balance, and obstacle course (time and score). The outcome measures including test results were descriptively examined and compared by sex. The study participants consisted of 133 children (62 males and 71 females, with a median age of 7.8 years). Girls showed superior sit and reach performance (p = 0.002) compared with boys. Boys demonstrated better Y-balance scores (p = 0.007) and faster obstacle time (p = 0.042) than girls. Sex comparison within three age groups (6-<8 years, 8-<10 years, and 10-<12 years) showed that girls performed better on the sit and reach compared with boys in the in 6-<8 years (p = 0.009). Boys demonstrated higher Y-balance scores (p = 0.017) and faster obstacle time (p = 0.007) compared with girls in the 8-<10-year age group. These data will serve to guide future efforts to evaluate normative measures of physical literacy and guide targeted training interventions to promote sustained physical activity in children with deficits relative to their age and sex norms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Sugimoto
- The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo 202-0021, Japan
| | - Andrea Stracciolini
- The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Laura Berbert
- Biostatistics and Research Design Center, Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eric Nohelty
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Greggory P. Kobelski
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Becky Parmeter
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Edie Weller
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Biostatistics and Research Design Center, Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Gregory D. Myer
- The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
- Emory Sports Performance and Research Center (SPARC), Flowery Branch, GA 30542, USA
- Emory Sports Medicine Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA
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Lang JJ, Zhang K, Agostinis-Sobrinho C, Andersen LB, Basterfield L, Berglind D, Blain DO, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Cameron C, Carson V, Colley RC, Csányi T, Faigenbaum AD, García-Hermoso A, Gomes TNQF, Gribbon A, Janssen I, Jurak G, Kaj M, Kidokoro T, Lane KN, Liu Y, Löf M, Lubans DR, Magnussen CG, Manyanga T, McGrath R, Mota J, Olds T, Onywera VO, Ortega FB, Oyeyemi AL, Prince SA, Ramírez-Vélez R, Roberts KC, Rubín L, Servais J, Silva DAS, Silva DR, Smith JJ, Song Y, Stratton G, Timmons BW, Tomkinson GR, Tremblay MS, Wong SHS, Fraser BJ. Top 10 International Priorities for Physical Fitness Research and Surveillance Among Children and Adolescents: A Twin-Panel Delphi Study. Sports Med 2023; 53:549-564. [PMID: 36001291 PMCID: PMC9399984 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01752-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The measurement of physical fitness has a history that dates back nearly 200 years. Recently, there has been an increase in international research and surveillance on physical fitness creating a need for setting international priorities that could help guide future efforts. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to produce a list of the top 10 international priorities for research and surveillance on physical fitness among children and adolescents. METHODS Using a twin-panel Delphi method, two independent panels consisting of 46 international experts were identified (panel 1 = 28, panel 2 = 18). The panel participants were asked to list up to five priorities for research or surveillance (round 1), and then rated the items from their own panel on a 5-point Likert scale of importance (round 2). In round 3, experts were asked to rate the priorities identified by the other panel. RESULTS There was strong between-panel agreement (panel 1: rs = 0.76, p < 0.01; panel 2: rs = 0.77, p < 0.01) in the priorities identified. The list of the final top 10 priorities included (i) "conduct longitudinal studies to assess changes in fitness and associations with health". This was followed by (ii) "use fitness surveillance to inform decision making", and (iii) "implement regular and consistent international/national fitness surveys using common measures". CONCLUSIONS The priorities identified in this study provide guidance for future international collaborations and research efforts on the physical fitness of children and adolescents over the next decade and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J. Lang
- grid.415368.d0000 0001 0805 4386Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K9A 0K9 Canada ,grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada ,grid.414148.c0000 0000 9402 6172Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Kai Zhang
- grid.414148.c0000 0000 9402 6172Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON Canada ,grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - César Agostinis-Sobrinho
- grid.14329.3d0000 0001 1011 2418Faculty of Health Sciences, Klaipeda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania
| | - Lars Bo Andersen
- grid.477239.c0000 0004 1754 9964Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences. Western, Norway University of Applied Science, Bergen, Norway
| | - Laura Basterfield
- grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Daniel Berglind
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Global Public Health and Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine (CES), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dylan O. Blain
- grid.12362.340000 0000 9280 9077Institute of Management and Health, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, Wales, UK
| | - Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez
- grid.4489.10000000121678994PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Christine Cameron
- grid.418590.10000 0001 2164 2780Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XFaculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Rachel C. Colley
- grid.413850.b0000 0001 2097 5698Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Tamás Csányi
- Department of Physical Education Theory and Methodology, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, Hungary ,grid.5591.80000 0001 2294 6276Faculty of Primary and Pre-School Education, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Avery D. Faigenbaum
- grid.264500.50000 0004 0400 5239Kinesiology and Health Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ USA
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- grid.410476.00000 0001 2174 6440Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Navarra Spain
| | - Thayse Natacha Q. F. Gomes
- grid.411252.10000 0001 2285 6801Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE Brazil
| | - Aidan Gribbon
- grid.413850.b0000 0001 2097 5698Centre for Population Health Data, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Ian Janssen
- grid.410356.50000 0004 1936 8331School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON Canada ,grid.410356.50000 0004 1936 8331Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON Canada
| | - Gregor Jurak
- grid.8954.00000 0001 0721 6013Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mónika Kaj
- grid.511942.aHungarian School Sport Federation, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tetsuhiro Kidokoro
- grid.412200.50000 0001 2228 003XResearch Institute for Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kirstin N. Lane
- grid.143640.40000 0004 1936 9465School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC Canada
| | - Yang Liu
- grid.412543.50000 0001 0033 4148School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China ,grid.412543.50000 0001 0033 4148Shanghai Research Center for Physical Fitness and Health of Children and Adolescents, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Marie Löf
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.5640.70000 0001 2162 9922Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - David R. Lubans
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XCentre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social Futures, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW Australia
| | - Costan G. Magnussen
- grid.1051.50000 0000 9760 5620Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland ,grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland ,grid.1009.80000 0004 1936 826XMenzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Taru Manyanga
- grid.266876.b0000 0001 2156 9982Division of Medical Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC Canada
| | - Ryan McGrath
- grid.261055.50000 0001 2293 4611Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND USA ,grid.509356.c0000 0004 0420 0122Fargo VA Healthcare System, Fargo, ND USA
| | - Jorge Mota
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto (FADEUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Tim Olds
- grid.1026.50000 0000 8994 5086Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XMurdoch Children’s Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Vincent O. Onywera
- grid.9762.a0000 0000 8732 4964Department of Physical Education, Exercise and Sports Science, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Francisco B. Ortega
- grid.4489.10000000121678994PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain ,grid.9681.60000 0001 1013 7965Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Adewale L. Oyeyemi
- grid.413017.00000 0000 9001 9645Department of Physiotherapy, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Stephanie A. Prince
- grid.415368.d0000 0001 0805 4386Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K9A 0K9 Canada ,grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- grid.410476.00000 0001 2174 6440Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Navarra Spain ,grid.442065.10000 0004 0486 4893Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Unidad Central del Valle del Cauca (UCEVA), Túlua, Colombia ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karen C. Roberts
- grid.415368.d0000 0001 0805 4386Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K9A 0K9 Canada
| | - Lukáš Rubín
- grid.6912.c0000000110151740Department of Physical Education and Sport, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic ,grid.10979.360000 0001 1245 3953Institute of Active Lifestyle, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jennifer Servais
- grid.413850.b0000 0001 2097 5698Centre for Population Health Data, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Diego Augusto Santos Silva
- grid.411237.20000 0001 2188 7235Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC Brazil
| | - Danilo R. Silva
- grid.411252.10000 0001 2285 6801Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE Brazil ,grid.441837.d0000 0001 0765 9762Faculty of Health Science, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jordan J. Smith
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XCentre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social Futures, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW Australia
| | - Yi Song
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Gareth Stratton
- grid.4827.90000 0001 0658 8800Applied Sport Technology Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, Faculty Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Wales, UK
| | - Brian W. Timmons
- grid.414148.c0000 0000 9402 6172Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Child Health and Exercise Medicine Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Grant R. Tomkinson
- grid.1026.50000 0000 8994 5086Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA Australia ,grid.266862.e0000 0004 1936 8163Department of Education, Health and Behavior Studies, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND USA
| | - Mark S. Tremblay
- grid.414148.c0000 0000 9402 6172Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON Canada ,grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada ,grid.34428.390000 0004 1936 893XDepartment of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Stephen H. S. Wong
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Brooklyn J. Fraser
- grid.1009.80000 0004 1936 826XMenzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
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12
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Kang J, Ratamess NA, Faigenbaum AD, Bush JA, Beller N, Vargas A, Fardman B, Andriopoulos T. Effect of Time-Restricted Feeding on Anthropometric, Metabolic, and Fitness Parameters: A Systematic Review. J Am Nutr Assoc 2022; 41:810-825. [PMID: 34491139 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2021.1958719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Time restricted feeding (TRF) as a form of intermittent fasting (IF) has gained popularity because its ability to reduce body mass (BM) without an emphasis on caloric restriction. However, how this dietary protocol may affect health, fitness, and performance in a relatively healthy cohort remains less clear. The purpose of this article was to systematically review the current literature concerning the effect of TRF on anthropometric, metabolic, and fitness parameters in normal-weight adults and overweight and obese individuals. A systematic search of English literature was conducted through databases including PubMed, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. The search was facilitated by using various combinations of key words related to nutritional interventions, i.e., IF and TRF, and outcomes of interest, i.e., BM, body composition, glucose, insulin, lipid, fitness, and performance. The article selection was made based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria concerning the participants' characteristics, study design, intervention protocols, and targeted dependent variables. Twenty-three full-text longitudinal randomized and nonrandomized controlled studies were selected for this review. Our analysis indicates that TRF can reduce BM and improve nutrient metabolism in both normal- and over-weight individuals. TRF does not appear to alter protein synthesis and fat-free mass nor hamper aerobic fitness and muscular performance among physically active individuals including athletes. In conclusion, TRF as a more easily adaptable form of IF is a promising dietary approach to improving body composition and metabolic health while maintaining fitness and muscular function. However, more research is needed before this dietary protocol can be fully recommended for athletes especially those competing in sports that demand strength and power.Key teaching points and nutritional relevanceTime-restricted feeding (TRF) differs from other fasting protocols due to its emphasis on restricting eating window rather than caloric intake and can be more easily adopted by simply skipping a meal.Its deemphasis on caloric restriction appeals to many young and physically active individuals wanting to optimize body composition but needing sufficient energy to support their physical training and daily activity.Much of what is known regarding the impact of TRF on fitness and athletic performance was derived from studies that use the Ramadan fasting protocol, which differs from TRF in terms of protocol duration and feeding schedule.This review concludes that TRF is a promising dietary approach to improving body composition and metabolic health while maintaining fitness and muscular function in both normal- and over-weight individuals.Due to limited evidence concerning TRF and athletic performance, more research is needed before this dietary protocol can be fully recommended for athletes especially those competing in sports that demand strength and power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Kang
- Human Performance Laboratory, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
| | - Nicholas A Ratamess
- Human Performance Laboratory, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
| | - Avery D Faigenbaum
- Human Performance Laboratory, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jill A Bush
- Human Performance Laboratory, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
| | - Noah Beller
- Human Performance Laboratory, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ariselle Vargas
- Human Performance Laboratory, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
| | - Brian Fardman
- Human Performance Laboratory, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
| | - Tyler Andriopoulos
- Human Performance Laboratory, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
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13
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Faigenbaum AD, Kang J, DiFiore M, Finnerty C, Garcia A, Cipriano L, Bush JA, Ratamess NA. A Comparison of Warm-Up Effects on Maximal Aerobic Exercise Performance in Children. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:14122. [PMID: 36361000 PMCID: PMC9658710 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the warm-up effects of treadmill walking (TW) with a dynamic (DY) bodyweight warm-up on maximal aerobic exercise performance in children. Sixteen children (10.9 ± 1.5 vrs) were tested for peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) on 2 nonconsecutive days following different 6 min warm-up protocols. TW consisted of walking on a motor-driven treadmill at 2.2 mph and 0% grade whereas the DY warm-up consisted of 9 body weight movements including dynamic stretches, lunges, and jumps. Maximal heart rate was significantly higher following DY than TW (193.9 ± 6.2 vs. 191.6 ± 6.1 bpm, respectively; p = 0.008). VO2 peak (54.8 ± 9.6 vs. 51.8 ± 8.7 mL/kg/min; p = 0.09), maximal minute ventilation (68.9 ± 14.8 vs. 64.9 ± 9.4 L/min; p = 0.27), maximal respiratory exchange ratio (1.12 ± 0.1 vs. 1.11 ± 0.1; p = 0.85) and total exercise time (614.0 ± 77.1 vs. 605 ± 95.0 s; p = 0.55) did not differ significantly between DY and TM warm-ups, respectively. These findings indicate that the design of the warm-up protocol can influence the heart rate response to maximal aerobic exercise and has a tendency to influence VO2 peak. A DY warm-up could be a viable alternative to a TW warm-up prior to maximal exercise testing in children.
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14
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Brooks MA, Edwards NM, Faigenbaum AD. Misconceptions About Youth Weight Lifting. JAMA Pediatr 2022; 176:1051-1052. [PMID: 36036915 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.3063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Alison Brooks
- School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison
| | | | - Avery D Faigenbaum
- School of Nursing, Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing
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15
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Grooms DR, Diekfuss JA, Slutsky-Ganesh AB, DiCesare CA, Bonnette S, Riley MA, Kiefer AW, Wohl TR, Criss CR, Lamplot J, Thomas SM, Foss KDB, Faigenbaum AD, Wong P, Simon JE, Myer GD. Preliminary Report on the Train the Brain Project, Part II: Neuroplasticity of Augmented Neuromuscular Training and Improved Injury-Risk Biomechanics. J Athl Train 2022; 57:911-920. [PMID: 35271709 PMCID: PMC9842124 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0548.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Neuromuscular training (NMT) facilitates the acquisition of new movement patterns that reduce the anterior cruciate ligament injury risk. However, the neural mechanisms underlying these changes are unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between brain activation and biomechanical changes after NMT with biofeedback. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING Research laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Twenty female high school soccer athletes, with 10 in an augmented NMT group and 10 in a control (no training) group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Ten participants completed 6 weeks of NMT augmented with real-time biofeedback to reduce knee injury-risk movements, and 10 participants pursued no training. Augmented neuromuscular training (aNMT) was implemented with visual biofeedback that responded in real time to injury-risk biomechanical variables. A drop vertical jump with 3-dimensional motion capture was used to assess injury-risk neuromuscular changes before and after the 6-week intervention. Brain-activation changes were measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging during unilateral knee and multijoint motor tasks. RESULTS After aNMT, sensory (precuneus), visual-spatial (lingual gyrus), and motor-planning (premotor) brain activity increased for knee-specific movement; sensorimotor cortex activity for multijoint movement decreased. The knee-abduction moment during landing also decreased (4.66 ± 5.45 newton meters; P = .02; Hedges g = 0.82) in the aNMT group but did not change in the control group (P > .05). The training-induced increased brain activity with isolated knee movement was associated with decreases in knee-abduction moment (r = 0.67; P = .036) and sensorimotor cortex activity for multijoint movement (r = 0.87; P = .001). No change in brain activity was observed in the control group (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS The relationship between neural changes observed across tasks and reduced knee abduction suggests that aNMT facilitated recruitment of sensory integration centers to support reduced injury-risk mechanics and improve sensorimotor neural efficiency for multijoint control. Further research is warranted to determine if this training-related multimodal neuroplasticity enhances neuromuscular control during more complex sport-specific activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin R. Grooms
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Waltham, MA
- Division of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation and Communication Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens
- Division of Athletic Training, School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens
| | - Jed A. Diekfuss
- Emory Sports Performance And Research Center (SPARC), Flowery Branch, GA
- Emory Sports Medicine Center, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Alexis B. Slutsky-Ganesh
- Emory Sports Performance And Research Center (SPARC), Flowery Branch, GA
- Emory Sports Medicine Center, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina Greensboro
| | | | - Scott Bonnette
- Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
| | - Michael A. Riley
- Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise, and Nutrition Sciences, University of Cincinnati, OH
| | - Adam W. Kiefer
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Timothy R. Wohl
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Waltham, MA
| | - Cody R. Criss
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Waltham, MA
| | - Joseph Lamplot
- Emory Sports Performance And Research Center (SPARC), Flowery Branch, GA
- Emory Sports Medicine Center, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Staci M. Thomas
- Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
| | - Kim D. Barber Foss
- Emory Sports Performance And Research Center (SPARC), Flowery Branch, GA
- Emory Sports Medicine Center, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Phil Wong
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Janet E. Simon
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Waltham, MA
- Division of Athletic Training, School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens
| | - Gregory D. Myer
- Emory Sports Performance And Research Center (SPARC), Flowery Branch, GA
- Emory Sports Medicine Center, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
- The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, MA
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16
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Faigenbaum AD, Stracciolini A, MacDonald JP, Rial Rebullido T. Mythology of youth resistance training. Br J Sports Med 2022; 56:bjsports-2022-105804. [PMID: 35680396 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-105804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avery D Faigenbaum
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
| | - Andrea Stracciolini
- Orthopaedics/Sports Medicine, BostonChildren's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James P MacDonald
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Tamara Rial Rebullido
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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17
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Menezes GB, Alexandre DRO, Pinto JCBL, Assis TVL, Faigenbaum AD, Mortatti AL. Effects of Integrative Neuromuscular Training on Motor Performance in Prepubertal Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 36:1667-1674. [PMID: 32796417 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Menezes, GB, Alexandre, DR, Pinto, JC, Assis, TV, Faigenbaum, AD, and Mortatti, AL. Effects of integrative neuromuscular training on motor performance in prepubertal soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 36(6): 1667-1674, 2022-The present study examined the effects of integrative neuromuscular training (INT) on motor performance in prepubertal soccer players. Subjects were randomly assigned to the experimental group (INT; n = 20, age: 8.2 ± 1.2 years; body mass: 28.4 ± 6.4 kg; height: 1.3 ± 0.1 m) or the control group (CON; n = 18, age: 8.5 ± 1.3 years; body mass: 32.8 ± 8.9 kg; height: 1.3 ± 0.1 m). Integrative neuromuscular training program was performed twice per week during the 12-week training intervention. Balance, flexibility, countermovement vertical jump height (CVJH), sprint speed, and change of direction speed (CODS) were assessed in both groups at baseline, sixth week and 12th week. A mixed model repeated measures analysis of variance was used to examine the group changes in performance for each variable. There was a time effect for balance in the INT from pre to 12th weeks (p < 0.001, g = 0.72), and from 6th to 12th weeks (p = 0.005, g = 0.34). An interaction effect for balance was also observed between INT and CON after the 12th week. A time effect in flexibility was observed in INT from baseline to 6th and 12th weeks (p = 0.02; g = 0.45 and p < 0.001; g = 0.71) and from 6 to 12th weeks (p = 0.003; g = 0.24). There was a time effect in CVJH, from baseline to 12th week and from 6th to 12th weeks (p < 0.05; g = 0.34 and g = 0.53, respectively). There was no significant between-group speed performance change. A time effect was found in CODS in INT, but only from baseline to 12th week (p = 0.02; g = 0.31). There were significant improvements in the percent change (Δ%) from baseline to 12 weeks (p < 0.05) for balance, flexibility, and CVJH in INT. These findings indicate that the addition of an INT program to soccer practice can improve selected motor performance skills in prepubertal soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glauber B Menezes
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil ; and
| | - Diego R O Alexandre
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil ; and
| | - Júlio C B L Pinto
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil ; and
| | - Tereza V L Assis
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil ; and
| | - Avery D Faigenbaum
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey
| | - Arnaldo L Mortatti
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil ; and
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18
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Stracciolini A, Berbert L, Nohelty E, Zwicker R, Weller E, Sugimoto D, Myer GD, Faigenbaum AD. Attitudes and behaviors of physical activity in children: Findings from the Play, Lifestyle & Activity in Youth (PLAY) Questionnaire. PM R 2022; 14:535-550. [PMID: 35212171 DOI: 10.1002/pmrj.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identified domains of child physical literacy include knowledge/understanding, behavior, motivation/confidence, and physical competency. Understanding physical literacy is critical to moving forward intervention efforts surrounding physical inactivity. OBJECTIVES To investigate physical literacy domains by presenting responses to the Play, Lifestyle & Activity in Youth (PLAY) questionnaire and analyze the relationship between comparable questions in the child and parent sections. DESIGN Cross-sectional questionnaire study. SETTING Suburban youth program, United States. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Parent and child responses to the PLAY questionnaire. RESULTS Questionnaire data were collected for 106 children 6-11 years old and 91 parents. Children (93.3%, 83/91) reported enjoyment in physical education, despite 70% participation in physical education 0-1 day/week. 66.6% (26/91) of children preferred active to passive play and played outside most days/week (5.0 median). Similarly, a high proportion of children (93.3%, 83/91) reported feeling that they physically performed similar to or higher than their peers and took ownership to improve motor competency versus taking a more passive approach. Most children (96.7%, 87/91) reported feeling happy when they were able to play sports/run around, enjoyed gym class (93.3%, 83/91), and reported feeling sad if they cannot play sports/run around during the day (75.6%, 68/91). Parents and children reported rules around screen time and bed time, and reinforced these rules often. Child and parent responses were associated for comparable questions about bedtime and screen-time/media rules, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per day, sport camp preference, and play equipment use (Fisher's p = .051 screen time, p < .001 other questions). CONCLUSIONS PLAY questionnaire internal validity showed agreement between comparable parent and child responses and an association for select comparable questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Stracciolini
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laura Berbert
- Biostatistics and Research Design Center, Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric Nohelty
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rebecca Zwicker
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edie Weller
- Division of Hematology and Oncology and Biostatistics and Research Design Center, Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dai Sugimoto
- The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA.,Faculty of Sports Science, Waseda Unviersity, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gregory D Myer
- The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA.,Emory Sports Performance And Research Center (SPARC), Flowery Branch, Georgia, USA.,Emory Sports Medicine Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Schmidt-Andersen P, Fridh MK, Müller KG, Anna Pouplier, Hjalgrim LL, Faigenbaum AD, Schmiegelow K, Hasle H, Lykkedegn S, Zhang H, Christensen J, Larsen HB. Integrative Neuromuscular Training in Adolescents and Children Treated for Cancer (INTERACT): Study Protocol for a Multicenter, Two-Arm Parallel-Group Randomized Controlled Superiority Trial. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:833850. [PMID: 35359909 PMCID: PMC8964065 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.833850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improved survival rates for children and adolescents diagnosed with cancer call for novel strategies for reducing short- and long-term treatment-related side effects. These include the physical and metabolic sequelae that are exacerbated by sedentary behavior and treatment-induced toxicities. We aim to investigate the effect of an integrative neuromuscular training intervention during the first 6 months of anti-cancer treatment primarily on muscle strength, and secondarily on exercise capacity, physical function, markers of metabolic syndrome, dysmetabolism, and health-related quality of life during and after ended treatment. METHODS One hundred and twenty-seven children and adolescents, newly diagnosed with malignant and benign neoplasia, aged 6-17 years, and treated with chemotherapy or radiation will be randomized to either the intervention or the control arm of the study. The intervention group will, in addition to usual care, be offered a combination of 6 months of supervised physical exercise (integrative neuromuscular training) and home-based exercise. The active control group will, in addition to usual care, receive information along an unsupervised written home-based training program. All participants, including parents, will receive information about the importance of physical exercise during the course of cancer treatment, at the start of treatment, and in 5 monthly sessions. The primary outcome is measured in terms of isometric quadriceps muscle strength. Secondary outcomes include muscle strength and endurance, markers of metabolic syndrome and dysmetabolism, exercise capacity, physical function and activity, days of hospitalization, and health-related quality of life. Assessment will be conducted at treatment initiation (baseline), at 3 and 6 months after inclusion, and 1 month and 1 year after ended treatment. The primary endpoint for lower-body muscle strength is at 6 months after treatment initiation. The effects of the intervention will be evaluated through a constrained linear mixed model. DISCUSSION This national randomized controlled study has the potential to provide new knowledge concerning the short- and long-term effects of a novel, inclusive approach for youth exercise programming (integrative neuromuscular exercise) in children and adolescents during anti-cancer treatment. Using a pragmatic, low-cost, and time-efficient training design, this intervention can be easily adapted to both hospital and home settings. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04706676), first released January 5, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schmidt-Andersen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Juliane Marie Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Occupational and Physiotherapy, Center of Head and Orthopedics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Kaj Fridh
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Juliane Marie Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Gottlob Müller
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Juliane Marie Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Pouplier
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Juliane Marie Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisa Lyngsie Hjalgrim
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Juliane Marie Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Avery D Faigenbaum
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, United States
| | - Kjeld Schmiegelow
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Juliane Marie Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Hasle
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sine Lykkedegn
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, H.C. Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Juliane Marie Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Christensen
- Department of Occupational and Physiotherapy, Center of Head and Orthopedics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Bækgaard Larsen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Juliane Marie Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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21
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Nunes ACCA, Cattuzzo MT, Faigenbaum AD, Mortatti AL. Effects of Integrative Neuromuscular Training and Detraining on Countermovement Jump Performance in Youth Volleyball Players. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:2242-2247. [PMID: 31453943 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Nunes, ACCA, Cattuzzo, MT, Faigenbaum, AD, and Mortatti, AL. Effects of integrative neuromuscular training and detraining on countermovement jump performance in youth volleyball players. J Strength Cond Res 35(8): 2242-2247, 2021-The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of integrative neuromuscular training (INT) on countermovement vertical jump height (CVJH) performance in youth volleyball players before and after a detraining period. Thirty-two novice volleyball players were cluster randomized into 2 groups: intervention group-INT (age: 13.1 ± 0.4 years; body mass: 55.3 ± 12.1 kg; and height: 161.1 ± 6.4 cm) and control group-CON (age: 12.8 ± 0.7 years; body mass: 51.8 ± 13.6 kg; and height: 160.1 ± 10.7 cm). The subjects were evaluated for somatic maturation (years from peak height velocity) and for CVJH performance at 4 time points during the 20-week study period: baseline, 6 weeks of INT, 12 weeks of INT, and 8 weeks after INT (detraining). The analysis used repeated-measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test to identify possible differences in the CVJH delta in both groups. Spearman correlation was performed to verify the association between the values of the vertical jump tests and maturational levels found. The INT showed a significant improvement in the CVJH from baseline to 12 weeks and maintained training-induced gains after detraining period (p > 0.001). Significant increase in CVJH was found in the percentage of change (Δ%) from baseline to 6 weeks (p < 0.005), 12 weeks (p < 0.001), and detraining (p < 0.001) in INT compared with the CON. The results of this study indicate that INT was able to improve CVJH performance in novice youth volleyball players and these gains were sustained during the detraining period. These findings indicate that regular participation in supervised INT can enhance jumping performance in young volleyball players, and that this type of neuromuscular program may be particularly beneficial for youth with limited fundamental motor skill performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C C A Nunes
- Physical Education Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Maria T Cattuzzo
- Higher School of Physical Education of the University of Portuguese, Recife, Brazil ; and
| | - Avery D Faigenbaum
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey
| | - Arnaldo L Mortatti
- Physical Education Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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22
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Faigenbaum AD, Kang J, Ratamess NA, Farrell A, Mendez C, Pollock M, Bush J. Acute Effects Of Different Warm-up Protocols On Maximal Treadmill Exercise Performance In Well-trained Adolescent Runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000759064.29438.6b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Alonso-Aubin DA, Picón-Martínez M, Rebullido TR, Faigenbaum AD, Cortell-Tormo JM, Chulvi-Medrano I. Integrative Neuromuscular Training Enhances Physical Fitness in 6- to 14-Year-Old Rugby Players. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:2263-2271. [PMID: 34127612 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Alonso-Aubin, DA, Picón-Martínez, M, Rebullido, TR, Faigenbaum, AD, Cortell-Tormo, JM, and Chulvi-Medrano, I. Integrative neuromuscular training enhances physical fitness in 6- to 14-year-old rugby players. J Strength Cond Res 35(8): 2263-2271, 2021-The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of an 8-week integrative neuromuscular training (INT) program on physical fitness measures in young rugby players. A sample of 138 male rugby players (age range, 6-14 years) was divided into 5 age-related groups: group 1 (G1) (n = 20; age, 7.05 ± 0.58), group 2 (G2) (n = 27; age, 8.57 ± 0.49), group 3 (G3) (n = 31; age, 11.02 ± 0.56), group 4 (G4) (n = 33; age, 13.12 ± 0.58, and group 5 (G5) (n = 27; age, 14.85 ± 1.53 and additionally into 2 game position groups: forwards (FOR) (n = 69) and backs (BAC) (n = 69). Physical fitness measures included the Functional Movement Screen (FMS), dominant and nondominant hand-to-eye coordination, sprint capacity, core muscular endurance, and lower- and upper-body power. Integrative neuromuscular training (INT) included progressive strength, coordination, and speed exercises performed twice per week for 20 minutes. Following INT, significant improvements in selected age-related groups (p < 0.01) were found in total FMS score G3 (effect size [ES] = 0.47), G4 (ES = 0.88), and G5 (ES = 0.58); dominant hand-to-eye coordination G1 (ES = 1.48), G2 (ES = 0.71), G3 (ES = 0.55), G4 (ES = 1.47), and G5 (ES = 1.15), nondominant hand-to-eye coordination G2 (ES = 0.74), G4 (ES = 1.34), and G5 (ES = 1.09); lower-body power G2 (ES = 0.44), G4 (ES = 0.39), and G5 (ES = 0.43); core muscular endurance G1 (ES = 0.82), G3 (ES = 0.68), and G4 (ES = 1.04); upper-body power G2 (ES = 0.53); and sprint capacity G4 (ES = 0.69). Significant improvements were also found between player's positions for all tests. These findings indicate that a progressive INT program can enhance functional movement abilities and selected physical fitness measures in young rugby players regardless of game position and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Alonso-Aubin
- Department of General and Specific Didactics, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Moisés Picón-Martínez
- Department of General and Specific Didactics, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Avery D Faigenbaum
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey Ewing, Ewing, New Jersey; and
| | - Juan M Cortell-Tormo
- Department of General and Specific Didactics, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Iván Chulvi-Medrano
- Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sciences Physical Activity and Sport, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Coffey C, Sheehan D, Faigenbaum AD, Healy S, Lloyd RS, Kinsella S. Comparison of fitness levels between elementary school children with autism spectrum disorder and age-matched neurotypically developing children. Autism Res 2021; 14:2038-2046. [PMID: 34155824 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Low physical fitness is associated with reduced physical activity and increased cardiovascular diseases. To date, limited research has compared physical fitness levels between children with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Therefore, the primary aim was to investigate if differences in fitness levels exist between children with ASD and age-matched neurotypically developing children (ND). The second aim was to examine if age, sex, height and weight could be used to predict potential fitness levels. The third aim was to examine if the developmental trajectory of fitness is comparable between children with ASD and ND children. The modified Eurofit test battery was used to compare fitness levels between 244 children aged 4-13 years old (n = 152 ND and n = 92 ASD). Independent samples t tests and regression analyses were used to investigate differences in fitness levels between the two groups. The results indicated that statistically significant differences exist in fitness levels between children with ASD when compared to ND children across all ages, favoring the ND children, with small to large effect sizes noted (p < 0.05, d = 0.36-1.13). Regression analysis could not accurately predict fitness measurements in children with ASD but could for ND children. The developmental trajectories were significantly delayed on the 20 m sprint and standing broad jump for children with ASD when compared to ND children. Future studies should seek to address the disparities in physical fitness experienced by children with ASD by using relevant neuromuscular interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Coffey
- Department of Science and Health, Institute of Technology Carlow, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Damien Sheehan
- Department of Science and Health, Institute of Technology Carlow, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Avery D Faigenbaum
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sean Healy
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Rhodri S Lloyd
- Youth Physical Development Centre, School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK.,Sport Performance Research Institute, New Zealand (SPRINZ), AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand.,Centre for Sport Science and Human Performance, Waikato Institute of Technology, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Sharon Kinsella
- Department of Science and Health, Institute of Technology Carlow, Carlow, Ireland
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Faigenbaum AD, MacDonald JP, Stracciolini A, Rebullido TR. Making a Strong Case for Prioritizing Muscular Fitness in Youth Physical Activity Guidelines. Curr Sports Med Rep 2021; 19:530-536. [PMID: 33306516 DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000000784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although evidence indicates that muscular fitness is foundational for ongoing participation in active play, exercise and sport, current national and international youth physical activity guidelines underplay the critical importance of strength-building activities during this developmental phase of life. In view of troubling trends in muscular fitness in today's youth, specific recommendations to address neuromuscular deficiencies are required. An understanding of the multidimensional development of youth physical inactivity and the importance of muscular fitness are needed to have the most significant impact on youth physical activity at the population level. The mounting evidence of the detrimental effects of physical inactivity on youth warrant a review of existing physical activity recommendations and guidelines. The proposed pediatric activity pyramid recognizes the shared importance of strength, skill, and aerobic activities required for the successful implementation of sustainable youth physical activity interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery D Faigenbaum
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ
| | - James P MacDonald
- Division of Sports Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Andrea Stracciolini
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Alonso-Aubin DA, Chulvi-Medrano I, Cortell-Tormo JM, Picón-Martínez M, Rial Rebullido T, Faigenbaum AD. Squat and Bench Press Force-Velocity Profiling in Male and Female Adolescent Rugby Players. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:S44-S50. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Rebullido TR, Gómez-Tomás C, Faigenbaum AD, Chulvi-Medrano I. The Prevalence of Urinary Incontinence among Adolescent Female Athletes: A Systematic Review. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2021; 6:jfmk6010012. [PMID: 33525502 PMCID: PMC7931053 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk6010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aimed to synthesize the most up-to-date evidence regarding the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) among adolescent female athletes. We conducted a systematic review of studies regarding UI in female athletes less than 19 years of age. This review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRIMSA). The electronic databases of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Scopus, and Web of Science (WOS) were searched between October and November 2020. After blinded peer evaluation, a total of 215 studies were identified and nine were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist. This review identified a prevalence of UI in adolescent female athletes between 18% to 80% with an average of 48.58%. The most prevalent sports were trampolining followed by rope skipping. The prevalence of UI among adolescent female athletes practicing impact sports was significantly prevalent. There is a need for further research, education, and targeted interventions for adolescent female athletes with UI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cinta Gómez-Tomás
- Research Group Physiotherapy and Readaptation in Sport, Department of Physiotherapy, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), 3010 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Avery D. Faigenbaum
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ 08628, USA;
| | - Iván Chulvi-Medrano
- UIRFIDE (Sport Performance and Physical Fitness Research Group), Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
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Kang J, Ratamess NA, Faigenbaum AD, Bush JA, Roser C, Montemarano D, Mercado H, Choma M, Mendez C, Pollock M. Use of Heart Rate Index to Predict Oxygen Uptake - A Validation Study. Int J Exerc Sci 2020; 13:1705-1717. [PMID: 33414886 PMCID: PMC7745899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An equation that uses heart rate index (HRI) defined as HR/HRrest to predict oxygen uptake (VO2) in METs (e.g., METs = 6 × HRI - 5) has been developed retrospectively from aggregate data of 60 published studies. However, the prediction error of this model as used by an individual has not been established. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the predictive validity of the HRI equation by comparing submaximal and maximal VO2 predicted by the equation (VO2-Pred) with that measured by indirect calorimetry (VO2-Meas). Sixty healthy adults (age 20.5 ± 2.4 yr., body mass 69.4 ± 13.4 kg, height 1.7 ± 0.1 m) underwent a VO2max test and an experimental trial consisting of a 15-min resting measurement and three successive 10-min treadmill exercise bouts performed at 40%, 60% and 80% of VO2max. VO2 and HR were recorded during both the submaximal and maximal exercises and used to obtain VO2-Pred and VO2-Meas for each intensity and for VO2max. Validation was carried out by paired t-test, regression analysis, and Bland-Altman plots. A modest but significant (p < 0.05) correlation was observed between VO2-Meas and VO2-Pred at 40% (r = 0.58), 60% (r = 0.53), and 80% of VO2max (r = 0.56) and at VO2max (r = 0.50). No differences between VO2-Pred and VO2-Meas were found at 40% (5.53 ± 1.21 vs. 5.28 ± 0.98 METs, respectively) of VO2max, but VO2-Pred was higher (p < 0.05) than VO2-Meas at 60% (8.42 ± 1.77 vs. 7.96 ± 1.39 METs, respectively) and 80% (10.79 ± 2.13 vs. 10.29 ± 1.81 METs, respectively) of VO2max. In contrast, VO2-Pred was lower (p < 0.05) than VO2-Meas at VO2max (12.32 ± 2.30 vs. 13.38 ± 2.24 METs, respectively). Standard errors of the estimate were 0.81, 1.20, 1.54, and 1.97 METs at 40%, 60%, 80% of VO2max and at VO2max, respectively. These results suggest that further investigation aimed to establish the accuracy of using HRI to predict VO2 is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Kang
- Human Performance Laboratory, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
| | - Nicholas A Ratamess
- Human Performance Laboratory, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
| | - Avery D Faigenbaum
- Human Performance Laboratory, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jill A Bush
- Human Performance Laboratory, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
| | - Christopher Roser
- Human Performance Laboratory, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
| | - Devyn Montemarano
- Human Performance Laboratory, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
| | - Hannah Mercado
- Human Performance Laboratory, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
| | - Morgan Choma
- Human Performance Laboratory, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
| | - Christian Mendez
- Human Performance Laboratory, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
| | - Matthew Pollock
- Human Performance Laboratory, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
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Guillem CM, Loaiza-Betancur AF, Rebullido TR, Faigenbaum AD, Chulvi-Medrano I. The Effects of Resistance Training on Blood Pressure in Preadolescents and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17217900. [PMID: 33126545 PMCID: PMC7663568 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to systematically review and meta-analyze the current evidence for the effects of resistance training (RT) on blood pressure (BP) as the main outcome and body mass index (BMI) in children and adolescents. Two authors systematically searched the PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science Core Collection and EMBASE electronic databases. Inclusion criteria were: (1) children and adolescents (aged 8 to 18 years); (2) intervention studies including RT and (3) outcome measures of BP and BMI. The selected studies were analyzed using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool. Eight articles met inclusion criteria totaling 571 participants. The mean age ranged from 9.3 to 15.9 years and the mean BMI of 29.34 (7.24) kg/m2). Meta-analysis indicated that RT reduced BMI significantly (mean difference (MD): −0.43 kg/m2 (95% CI: −0.82, −0.03), P = 0.03; I2 = 5%) and a non-significant decrease in systolic BP (SBP) (MD: −1.09 mmHg (95% CI: −3.24, 1.07), P = 0.32; I2 = 67%) and diastolic BP (DBP) (MD: −0.93 mmHg (95% CI: −2.05, 0.19), P = 0.10; I2 = 37%). Limited evidence suggests that RT has no adverse effects on BP and may positively affect BP in youths. More high-quality studies are needed to clarify the association between RT and BP in light of body composition changes throughout childhood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Miguel Guillem
- Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | | | | | - Avery D. Faigenbaum
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ 08628, USA;
| | - Iván Chulvi-Medrano
- UIRFIDE (Sport Performance and Physical Fitness Research Group), Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Kang J, Roser C, Montemarano D, Mercado H, Choma M, Mendez C, Pollock M, Ratamess NA, Faigenbaum AD, Bush JA. Use Of Hr Index To Predict Oxygen Uptake: A Validation Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000670504.30223.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Faigenbaum AD, Kang J, Ratamess NA, Farrell A, Choma M, Mercado H, Montemarano D, Bush J. Dynamic Warm-up Effects On Maximal Treadmill Exercise Performance In Children: A Pilot Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000670656.78661.7b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Resistance training is becoming more important as an integral part of comprehensive sport training regimens, school physical education classes, and after-school fitness programs. The increasing number of youth who are involved in sport activities, coupled with the health problems of inactivity and being overweight, have resulted in increased interest in resistance training. Secular declines in measures of muscular fitness in modern-day youth highlight the need for participation in youth resistance training for nonathletes as well as athletes. Parents often ask pediatricians to offer advice regarding the safety, benefits, and implementation of an effective resistance-training program. This report is a revision of the 2008 American Academy of Pediatrics policy statement and reviews current information and research on the benefits and risks of resistance training for children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Stricker
- Department of Orthopedics, Pediatric & Adolescent Sports Medicine, Scripps Clinic, San Diego, California;
| | - Avery D Faigenbaum
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey; and
| | - Teri M McCambridge
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
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Stracciolini A, Luz J, Walker G, Edwards N, Faigenbaum AD, Myer GD. Are primary care physicians ill equipped to evaluate and treat childhood physical inactivity? PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2020; 48:199-207. [PMID: 31560577 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2019.1673685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate primary care physician clinical practice patterns, barriers, and education surrounding pediatric physical activity (PA), and to compare practice patterns by discipline.Study design: Cross-sectional studyMethods: 4500 randomly selected pediatricians, family practice, and sports medicine physicians in the United States were surveyed (11% response rate). Main outcome measures were questionnaire answers on clinical effort, attitudes, and barriers surrounding PA, medical education in exercise science, and awareness of ICD-9 diagnostic codes pertaining to physical inactivity.Results: Approximately 15% of patient interaction time was spent on the evaluation and treatment of physical inactivity for a normal weight child. For an overweight or obese child, clinical time spent on PA almost doubles. Regardless of weight, sports medicine physicians spent significantly more time on the evaluation of physical activity compared to family/internal medicine physicians and pediatricians. Mean percentage of time family/internal medicine physicians spent on PA evaluation and treatment was consistently less than sports medicine physicians, and consistently more than pediatricians. Most physicians strongly agreed that PA assessment and treatment are important for disease prevention; only 28% had ever made the diagnosis of childhood physical inactivity. Limited clinical time was identified as a primary barrier to diagnosing childhood physical inactivity. Eighty-five percent of respondents were unaware of ICD-9 codes for reimbursement of PA evaluation. Eighty-one percent reported a paucity of exercise science education in medical school.Conclusion: While physicians report that PA evaluation is important in practice, behavior patterns surrounding time evaluating PA and treating childhood physical inactivity are discrepant. Pediatricians showed less favorable attitudes and effort surrounding PA compared to other primary care disciplines. The majority of physicians are unaware of physical inactivity diagnostic codes, have never made the diagnosis of childhood physical inactivity, and may not be receiving basic pediatric exercise science training required for evaluating and treating childhood physical inactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Stracciolini
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Luz
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Gregory D Myer
- The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, MA, USA.,The SPORT Center, Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Departments of Pediatrics and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Abstract
Ketogenic diets (KDs) have received increasing attention among athletes and physically active individuals. However, the question as to whether and how the diet could benefit this healthy cohort remains unclear.Purpose: This study was designed to systematically review the existing evidence concerning the effect of KDs on body composition, aerobic and anaerobic capacity, muscle development, and sports performance in normal-weight individuals including athletes.Methods: A systematic search of English literature was conducted through electronic databases including PubMed, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar. Upon the use of search criteria, 23 full-text original human studies involving non-obese participants were included in this review. For more stratified and focused analysis, these articles were further categorized based on the outcomes being examined including 1) body mass (BM) and %fat, 2) substrate utilization, 3) blood substrate and hormonal responses, 4) aerobic capacity and endurance performance, and 5) strength, power, and anaerobic capacity.Results: Our review indicates that a non-calorie-restricted KD carried out for ≥3 weeks can produce a modest reduction in BM and %fat, while maintaining fat-free mass. This diet leads to augmented use of fat as fuel, but this adaptation doesn't seem to improve endurance performance. Additionally, ad libitum KDs combined with resistance training will pose no harm to developing strength and power, especially when protein intake is increased modestly.Conclusions: It appears that a non-calorie-restricted KD provides minimal ergogenic benefits in normal-weight individuals including athletes, but can be used for optimizing BM and body composition without compromising aerobic and anaerobic performance. Key teaching pointsKetogenic diets have received increasing attention among athletes and physically active individuals.It remains elusive as to whether ketogenic diets could confer ergogenic benefits for those who are normal weight but want to use the diet to improve fitness and performance.An interesting dilemma exists in that ketogenic diets can reduce body mass and %fat and increase fat oxidation, but they can also decrease glycogen stores and limit sports performance.This review concludes that a non-calorie-restricted ketogenic diet provides minimal ergogenic benefits in normal-weight individuals, but can be used to optimize body mass and composition without compromising athletic performance.This finding can be important for esthetic or weight-sensitive athletes because the diet may allow them to reach a target body mass without having to sacrifice athletic performance.The ketogenic diet-induced metabolic adaptations require a state of ketosis, and thus caution should be taken because an excessive increase in ketone bodies can be detrimental to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Kang
- Human Performance Laboratory, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
| | - Nicholas A Ratamess
- Human Performance Laboratory, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
| | - Avery D Faigenbaum
- Human Performance Laboratory, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jill A Bush
- Human Performance Laboratory, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
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Rial Rebullido T, Chulvi-Medrano I, Faigenbaum AD, Stracciolini A. Pelvic Floor Dysfunction: An Urgent Matter for Female Athletes. Strength Cond J 2019. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kang J, Hassan SB, Ellis NL, Vought IT, Ratamess NA, Bush JA, Faigenbaum AD. Acute Effects of Exercise With and Without Energy Replacement on Energy Expenditure and Substrate Utilization. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000561648.85904.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Faigenbaum AD, Kang J, Ratamess NA, Farrell A, Belfert M, Duffy S, Jenson C, Bush JA. Acute Cardiometabolic Responses to Integrative Neuromuscular Training in Children. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000562933.71731.c8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kang J, Hasan SB, Ellis NA, Vought IT, Ratamess NA, Bush JA, Faigenbaum AD. Effects of Exercise With and Without Energy Replacement on Substrate Utilization in the Fasting State. J Am Coll Nutr 2019; 39:39-46. [PMID: 31012819 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2019.1605549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The present study aimed to examine the interactive effect of exercise and energy balance on energy expenditure and substrate utilization.Method: Seven men and 7 women underwent three 2-day experimental protocols in a random order. Each protocol consisted of no exercise (NE), exercise only (EO), or exercise with a matched energy replacement (ER) on day 1 followed by metabolic testing that occurred after a 12-hour overnight fasting on day 2. Both EO and ER involved treadmill running at 60% maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) that induced an energy expenditure of ∼ 500 kcal. The replacement meal used in ER contained ∼ 500 kcal made up of 45% carbohydrate, 30% fat, and 25% protein. During metabolic testing, oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate (HR), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and rates of carbohydrate (COX) and fat oxidation (FOX) were determined in three successive 15-minute periods including rest and exercise at 50% and 70% VO2max.Results: No differences in VO2 and HR were found at rest among NE, EO, and ER. However, RER was lower in EO than NE (0.840 ± 0.014 vs 0.889 ± 0.012, p < 0.05), COX (g·min-1) was lower in ER than NE (0.144 ± 0.016 vs 0.197 ± 0.019, p < 0.05), and FOX (g·min-1) was higher in EO or ER than NE (0.054 ± 0.010 or 0.057 ± 0.009 vs 0.034 ± 0.007, p < 0.05). No treatment effects were observed for all variables at either intensity.Conclusions: This study demonstrates that an exercise of moderate intensity can increase resting fat oxidation even when the exercise-induced energy expenditure is balanced by energy intake. This finding suggests that muscle action is vital in augmenting fat utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Kang
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
| | - Saif B Hasan
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
| | - Nicole A Ellis
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ira T Vought
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
| | - Nicholas A Ratamess
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jill A Bush
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
| | - Avery D Faigenbaum
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
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Kang J, O’Grady E, Faigenbaum AD, Bush JA, Vought I, Ellis N, Kuper J, Ratamess NA. Cardiometabolic responses of body-weight exercises with and without vibration. KINESIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.26582/k.51.1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This investigation examined the interactive effect of body-weight
(BW) exercises and vibration on cardiometabolic responses. Fourteen subjects performed
a BW exercise protocol with (BW+V) and without (BW‒V) vibration in a randomized
order. The BW exercise protocol consisted of three circuits of eight
calisthenics-based exercises including prisoner squat, push-up, isometric
squat, reverse dip, lunge, flutter kicks, isometric lunge, and T push-up. Vibratory
frequency and amplitude were set at 40 Hz and 4 mm, respectively. Oxygen uptake
(VO2), heart rate (HR), expired ventilation (VE), and
blood lactate [La] were determined during the protocol and 30-minute recovery. The
mean VO2 reached 48% and 50% of VO2max and the mean HR
reached 80% and 83% of HRmax in BW‒V and BW+V, respectively. During the
protocol, while the mean VE was greater (p=.031) in BW+V than BW‒V,
no differences were seen for VO2 and HR between the two conditions. During
recovery, while mean VO2 was greater (p=.002) in BW+V than BW-V, no
differences were seen for VE and HR between the two conditions. [La]
values were significantly elevated but remained similar between the two
conditions. Exercise-specific VO2 was higher during the prisoner
squat (p=.003) and isometric squat (p=.042) in BW+V than BW‒V, while no differences
in VO2 were observed for all other exercises. Performing three
circuits of eight BW exercises in a rapid-and-intense manner produced a
sufficient increase in cardiometabolic responses. Metabolic potentiation
associated with combining vibration with BW exercises seemed to be influenced
by how the exercises were carried out on a vibration plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Kang
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
| | - Elizabeth O’Grady
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
| | - Avery D. Faigenbaum
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jill A. Bush
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ira Vought
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
| | - Nicole Ellis
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jeremy Kuper
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
| | - Nicholas A. Ratamess
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
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Faigenbaum AD, Rial Rebullido T, MacDonald JP. The unsolved problem of paediatric physical inactivity: it's time for a new perspective. Acta Paediatr 2018; 107:1857-1859. [PMID: 30069914 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avery D. Faigenbaum
- Department of Health and Exercise Science; The College of New Jersey; Ewing NJ USA
| | | | - James P. MacDonald
- Division of Sports Medicine; Nationwide Children's Hospital; Ohio State University College of Medicine; Columbus OH USA
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Faigenbaum AD, Kang J, Ratamess NA, Farrell A, Ellis N, Vought I, Bush J. Acute Cardiometabolic Responses to Medicine Ball Interval Training in Children. Int J Exerc Sci 2018; 11:886-899. [PMID: 29997735 PMCID: PMC6033503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Medicine ball interval training (MBIT) has been found to be an effective exercise modality in fitness programs, yet the acute physiological responses to this type of this exercise in youth are unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the acute cardiometabolic responses to MBIT in children. Fourteen children (mean age 10.1 ± 1.3 yr) were tested for peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) on a treadmill and subsequently (> 48 hours later) performed a progressive 10 min MBIT protocol of 5 exercises (EX): standing marches (EX1), alternating lunges (EX2), squat swings (EX3), chest passes (EX4) and double arm slams (EX5). A 2.3 kg medicine ball was used for all trials and each exercise was performed twice for 30 sec with a 30 sec rest interval between sets and exercises. Participants exercised while connected to a metabolic system and heart rate (HR) monitor. During the MBIT protocol, mean HR significantly (p<0.05, η2 = 0.89) increased from 121.5 ± 12.3 bpm during EX1 to 178.3 ± 9.4 bpm during EX5 and mean VO2 significantly (p<0.05, η2= 0.88) increased from 15.5 ± 2.9 ml × kg-1 × min-1 during EX1 to 34.9 ± 5.1 ml × kg-1 × min-1during EX5. Mean HR and VO2 values during MBIT ranged from 61.1% to 89.6% of HRpeak and from 28.2% to 63.5% of VO2peak. These descriptive data indicate that MBIT can pose a moderate to vigorous cardiometabolic stimulus in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery D Faigenbaum
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, USA
| | - Jie Kang
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, USA
| | - Nicholas A Ratamess
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, USA
| | - Anne Farrell
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, USA
| | - Nicole Ellis
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, USA
| | - Ira Vought
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, USA
| | - Jill Bush
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, USA
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Faigenbaum AD, Kang J, Farrell A, Ratamess NA, Ellis N, Vought I, Bush J. Acute Cardiometabolic Responses to Medicine Ball Exercise in Children. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000536821.26319.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kang J, Ratamess NA, Kuper J, O’Grady E, Ellis N, Vought I, Bush JA, Faigenbaum AD. Cardiometabolic Responses Of Body-weight Exercises With And Without Vibration. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000538575.44691.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Faigenbaum AD, Kang J, Ratamess NA, Farrell A, Golda S, Stranieri A, Coe J, Bush JA. Acute Cardiometabolic Responses to a Novel Training Rope Protocol in Children. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32:1197-1206. [PMID: 29683913 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Faigenbaum, AD, Kang, J, Ratamess, NA, Farrell, A, Golda, S, Stranieri, A, Coe, J, and Bush, JA. Acute cardiometabolic responses to a novel training rope protocol in children. J Strength Cond Res 32(5): 1197-1206, 2018-The purpose of this study was to quantify the acute cardiometabolic responses to a novel training rope (TR) protocol in children. Fifteen boys (10.6 ± 1.4 years) were tested for peak oxygen uptake (V[Combining Dot Above]O2) on a treadmill and subsequently (2-7 days later) performed a progressive 10-minute protocol of 5 TR exercises (EX): EX1: standing side-to-side waves, EX2: seated alternating waves, EX3: standing alternating waves, EX4: jumping jacks, and EX5: double-arm slams. Participants performed 2 sets of each TR exercise for 30 seconds per set with a 30-second rest interval between sets and exercises. A 12.8-m TR (4.1 kg) was used for all trials, and a metronome was used to standardize cadence. Peak values for V[Combining Dot Above]O2 and HR during the treadmill test were 47.4 ± 8.8 ml·kg·min and 195.1 ± 6.6 b·min, respectively. During the TR protocol, mean V[Combining Dot Above]O2 and HR significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) from set 1 of EX1 (10.3 ± 2.6 ml·kg·min and 103.2 ± 11.6 b·min, respectively) to set 2 of EX5 (30.0 ± 3.9 ml·kg·min and 168.6 ± 11.8 b·min, respectively). Percentage of peak V[Combining Dot Above]O2 and peak HR values attained during the TR protocol ranged from 21.5 to 64.8% and from 52.9 to 86.4%, respectively. These descriptive data indicate that TR exercise can pose a moderate to vigorous cardiometabolic stimulus in children and with proper supervision and instruction may serve as a worthwhile complement to youth fitness programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery D Faigenbaum
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey
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Bush JA, Ratamess NA, Stohs SJ, Ellis NL, Vought IT, O'Grady EA, Kuper JD, Kang J, Faigenbaum AD. Acute hematological and mood perception effects of bitter orange extract (p-synephrine) consumed alone and in combination with caffeine: A placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Phytother Res 2018; 32:1593-1607. [PMID: 29672965 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine acute hematological and mood perception responses to supplementation with p-synephrine alone and in combination with caffeine during quiet sitting. Sixteen subjects visited the laboratory on 6 occasions and were given (in randomized double-blind manner) 103-mg p-synephrine (S), 233-mg caffeine + 104-mg p-synephrine, 240-mg caffeine, 337-mg caffeine + 46-mg p-synephrine, 325-mg caffeine, or a placebo (PL). The subjects sat quietly for 3 hr while completing mood state questionnaires every 30 min. Venous blood samples were collected at baseline (pre) and 3 hr (post) to determine immune, lipid, and chemistry panels. Compared with PL, no significant supplement differences were observed during the S trial with the exception of differential time effects seen in hematocrit (decrease in PL, no change in S), triglycerides and very low-density lipoproteins (no changes in PL, significant decreases in S), and iron (no change in PL, significant elevation in S). Supplements containing caffeine showed increased feelings of attention, excitement, energy, and vigor. These data indicate that consumption of 103-mg p-synephrine does not negatively impact acute blood parameters, does not augment the effects of caffeine, or produce stimulant-like perceptual mood effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill A Bush
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, 08628, USA
| | - Nicholas A Ratamess
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, 08628, USA
| | - Sidney J Stohs
- School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - Nicole L Ellis
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, 08628, USA
| | - Ira T Vought
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, 08628, USA
| | - Elizabeth A O'Grady
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, 08628, USA
| | - Jeremy D Kuper
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, 08628, USA
| | - Jie Kang
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, 08628, USA
| | - Avery D Faigenbaum
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, 08628, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery D Faigenbaum
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ
| | | | - James P MacDonald
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ
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