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Norris SA, Jinnah HA, Klein C, Jankovic J, Berman BD, Roze E, Mahajan A, Espay AJ, Murthy AV, Fung VSC, LeDoux MS, Chang FCF, Vidailhet M, Testa C, Barbano R, Malaty IA, Bäumer T, Loens S, Wright LJ, Perlmutter JS. Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Upper Limb Dystonia. Mov Disord 2020; 35:2086-2090. [PMID: 32845549 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge of characteristics in upper limb dystonia remains limited, derived primarily from small, single-site studies. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to characterize demographic and clinical characteristics of upper limb dystonia from the Dystonia Coalition data set, a large, international, multicenter resource. METHODS We evaluated clinical and demographic characteristics of 367 participants with upper limb dystonia from onset, comparing across subcategories of focal (with and without dystonia spread) versus nonfocal onset. RESULTS Focal onset occurred in 80%; 67% remained focal without spread. Task specificity was most frequent in this subgroup, most often writer's cramp and affecting the dominant limb (83%). Focal onset with spread was more frequent in young onset (<21 years). Focal onset occurred equally in women and men; nonfocal onset affected women disproportionately. CONCLUSIONS Upper limb dystonia distribution, focality, and task specificity relate to onset age and likelihood of regional spread. Observations may inform clinical counseling and design, execution, and interpretation of future studies. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Norris
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Hyder A Jinnah
- Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics and Department of Neurology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Joseph Jankovic
- Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Brian D Berman
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Emmanuel Roze
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U 1127, National Centre for Scientific Research, Joint Research Units 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière and Assistance Public Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Abhimanyu Mahajan
- James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Alberto J Espay
- James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Victor S C Fung
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital & Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark S LeDoux
- Department of Psychology and School of Health Studies, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Veracity Neurosciences LLC, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Florence C F Chang
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital & Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marie Vidailhet
- Department of Neurology, Salpetriere Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Department of Neurology, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Brain & Spine Institute, Joint Research Units 1127, INSERM 1127, Center National De Recherche Scientific 7235, Paris, France
| | - Claudia Testa
- Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Richard Barbano
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Irene A Malaty
- University of Florida Department of Neurology, Fixel Institute for Neurologic Diseases, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Tobias Bäumer
- Institute of Neurogenetics and Department of Neurology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Sebastian Loens
- Institute of Neurogenetics and Department of Neurology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Laura J Wright
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Joel S Perlmutter
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Departments of Neuroscience, Physical Therapy, and Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Murthy AV, Tsai BK, Saunders RD. Aperture Proximity Effects in High Heat Flux Sensors Calibration. J Res Natl Inst Stand Technol 1998; 103:621-624. [PMID: 28009369 PMCID: PMC4890953 DOI: 10.6028/jres.103.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/1998] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In the transfer calibration of heat flux sensors, a correction for the irradiance distribution across the sensing area may be required when the sensing areas of the reference and test sensors are different. A method to calculate this correction using well-known equations for the configuration factors is presented. Also, estimates of the correction for test conditions corresponding to the transfer calibration technique in use at the National Institute of Standards and Technology are given.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B K Tsai
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-0001
| | - R D Saunders
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-0001
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Abstract
An ongoing program at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is aimed at improving and standardizing heat-flux sensor calibration methods. The current calibration needs of U.S. science and industry exceed the current NIST capability of 40 kW/m2 irradiance. In achieving this goal, as well as meeting lower-level non-radiative heat flux calibration needs of science and industry, three different types of calibration facilities currently are under development at NIST: convection, conduction, and radiation. This paper describes the research activities associated with the NIST Radiation Calibration Facility. Two different techniques, transfer and absolute, are presented. The transfer calibration technique employs a transfer standard calibrated with reference to a radiometric standard for calibrating the sensors using a graphite tube blackbody. Plans for an absolute calibration facility include the use of a spherical blackbody and a cooled aperture and sensor-housing assembly to calibrate the sensors in a low convective environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B K Tsai
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-0001
| | - C E Gibson
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-0001
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