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Braun FK, Rothhammer-Hampl T, Lorenz J, Pohl S, Menevse AN, Vollmann-Zwerenz A, Bumes E, Büttner M, Zoubaa S, Proescholdt M, Schmidt NO, Hau P, Beckhove P, Winner B, Riemenschneider MJ. Scaffold-Based (Matrigel™) 3D Culture Technique of Glioblastoma Recovers a Patient-like Immunosuppressive Phenotype. Cells 2023; 12:1856. [PMID: 37508520 PMCID: PMC10378658 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional 2D cultures are commonly used in cancer research though they come with limitations such as the lack of microenvironment or reduced cell heterogeneity. In this study, we investigated in what respect a scaffold-based (Matrigel™) 3D culture technique can ameliorate the limitations of 2D cultures. NGS-based bulk and single-cell sequencing of matched pairs of 2D and 3D models showed an altered transcription of key immune regulatory genes in around 36% of 3D models, indicating the reoccurrence of an immune suppressive phenotype. Changes included the presentation of different HLA surface molecules as well as cellular stressors. We also investigated the 3D tumor organoids in a co-culture setting with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Of note, lymphocyte-mediated cell killing appeared less effective in clearing 3D models than their 2D counterparts. IFN-γ release, as well as live cell staining and proliferation analysis, pointed toward an elevated resistance of 3D models. In conclusion, we found that the scaffold-based (Matrigel™) 3D culture technique affects the transcriptional profile in a subset of GBM models. Thus, these models allow for depicting clinically relevant aspects of tumor-immune interaction, with the potential to explore immunotherapeutic approaches in an easily accessible in vitro system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank K Braun
- Department of Neuropathology, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Julia Lorenz
- Department of Neuropathology, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Pohl
- Department of Neuropathology, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ayse-Nur Menevse
- Division of Interventional Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Arabel Vollmann-Zwerenz
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Bumes
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maren Büttner
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Munich, Germany
| | - Saida Zoubaa
- Department of Neuropathology, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martin Proescholdt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nils O Schmidt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Hau
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Beckhove
- Division of Interventional Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Beate Winner
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- IZKF Junior Research Group 3 and BMBF Research Group Neuroscience, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Renner K, Bruss C, Schnell A, Koehl G, Becker HM, Fante M, Menevse AN, Kauer N, Blazquez R, Hacker L, Decking SM, Bohn T, Faerber S, Evert K, Aigle L, Amslinger S, Landa M, Krijgsman O, Rozeman EA, Brummer C, Siska PJ, Singer K, Pektor S, Miederer M, Peter K, Gottfried E, Herr W, Marchiq I, Pouyssegur J, Roush WR, Ong S, Warren S, Pukrop T, Beckhove P, Lang SA, Bopp T, Blank CU, Cleveland JL, Oefner PJ, Dettmer K, Selby M, Kreutz M. Restricting Glycolysis Preserves T Cell Effector Functions and Augments Checkpoint Therapy. Cell Rep 2020; 29:135-150.e9. [PMID: 31577944 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-derived lactic acid inhibits T and natural killer (NK) cell function and, thereby, tumor immunosurveillance. Here, we report that melanoma patients with high expression of glycolysis-related genes show a worse progression free survival upon anti-PD1 treatment. The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) diclofenac lowers lactate secretion of tumor cells and improves anti-PD1-induced T cell killing in vitro. Surprisingly, diclofenac, but not other NSAIDs, turns out to be a potent inhibitor of the lactate transporters monocarboxylate transporter 1 and 4 and diminishes lactate efflux. Notably, T cell activation, viability, and effector functions are preserved under diclofenac treatment and in a low glucose environment in vitro. Diclofenac, but not aspirin, delays tumor growth and improves the efficacy of checkpoint therapy in vivo. Moreover, genetic suppression of glycolysis in tumor cells strongly improves checkpoint therapy. These findings support the rationale for targeting glycolysis in patients with high glycolytic tumors together with checkpoint inhibitors in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Renner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Christina Bruss
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Annette Schnell
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gudrun Koehl
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Holger M Becker
- Division of General Zoology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Matthias Fante
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ayse-Nur Menevse
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Kauer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Raquel Blazquez
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Hacker
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sonja-Maria Decking
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Toszka Bohn
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg University (UMC) Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephanie Faerber
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katja Evert
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Aigle
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Amslinger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maria Landa
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Oscar Krijgsman
- Department Medical Oncology and Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elisa A Rozeman
- Department Medical Oncology and Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christina Brummer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter J Siska
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Singer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Pektor
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Miederer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katrin Peter
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Eva Gottfried
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Herr
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ibtisam Marchiq
- Institute of Research on Cancer and Aging (IRCAN), CNRS-INSERM-UNS UMR 7284, Nice, France
| | - Jacques Pouyssegur
- Institute of Research on Cancer and Aging (IRCAN), CNRS-INSERM-UNS UMR 7284, Nice, France; Department of Medical Biology, Scientific Centre of Monaco (CSM), Monaco
| | - William R Roush
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps-Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - SuFey Ong
- NanoString Technologies, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Tobias Pukrop
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Beckhove
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sven A Lang
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Bopp
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg University (UMC) Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), UMC Mainz, Mainz, Germany; University Cancer Center Mainz, UMC Mainz, Mainz, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian U Blank
- Department Medical Oncology and Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John L Cleveland
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Peter J Oefner
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katja Dettmer
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mark Selby
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Marina Kreutz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, Regensburg, Germany
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Schulz D, Streller M, Piendl G, Brockhoff G, Reichert TE, Menevse AN, Beckhove P, Hautmann MG, Bauer RJ, Ettl T. Differential localization of PD-L1 and Akt-1 involvement in radioresistant and radiosensitive cell lines of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2019; 41:984-992. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Immunotherapy by blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint demonstrated amazing tumor response in advanced cancer patients including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, the majority of HNSCC patients still show little improvement or even hyperprogression. Irradiation is currently investigated as synergistic treatment modality to immunotherapy as it increases the number of T-cells thereby enhancing efficacy of immunotherapy. Apart from this immunogenic context a growing amount of data indicates that PD-L1 also plays an intrinsic role in cancer cells by regulating different cellular functions like cell proliferation or migration. Here, we demonstrate opposing membrane localization of PD-L1 in vital and apoptotic cell populations of radioresistant (RR) and radiosensitive (RS) HNSCC cell lines up to 72 h after irradiation using flow cytometry. Moreover, strong PD-L1 expression was found in nuclear and cytoplasmic cell fractions of RR. After irradiation PD-L1 decreased in nuclear fractions and increased in cytoplasmic fractions of RR cells. In contrast, RS cell lines did not express PD-L1, neither in the nucleus nor in cytoplasmic fractions. Additionally, overexpression of PD-L1 in RS cells led to a proportional increase of vital PD-L1 positive cells after irradiation. Moreover, co-immunoprecipitation experiments revealed an interaction between Akt-1 and PD-L1, mostly in irradiated RR cells compared to RS cells suggesting a differential influence of PD-L1 on cell signaling. In summary, our data imply the need for different therapeutic strategies dependent on the molecular context in which PD-L1 is embedded.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Schulz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Germany
| | - M Streller
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Germany
| | - G Piendl
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - G Brockhoff
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - T E Reichert
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Germany
| | - A N Menevse
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - P Beckhove
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - M G Hautmann
- Department of Radiotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - R J Bauer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Germany
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center for Medical Biotechnology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - T Ettl
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Germany
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4
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Schulz D, Stancev I, Sorrentino A, Menevse AN, Beckhove P, Brockhoff G, Hautmann MG, Reichert TE, Bauer RJ, Ettl T. Increased PD-L1 expression in radioresistant HNSCC cell lines after irradiation affects cell proliferation due to inactivation of GSK-3beta. Oncotarget 2019; 10:573-583. [PMID: 30728908 PMCID: PMC6355177 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, targeting PD-1/PD-L1 axis for immune checkpoint inhibition has improved treatment of various tumor entities, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, one part of the patient cohort still shows little improvement or even hyperprogression. We established three radioresistant (RR) and three radiosensitive (RS) HNSCC cell lines. RR cells showed prolonged survival as well as delayed and diminished apoptosis after irradiation with vimentin expression but no E-cadherin expression, whereas RS cell lines died early and exhibited early apoptosis after irradiation and high vimentin expression. Here, we present results demonstrating differential basal PD-L1 gene and protein expression in RR and RS HNSCC cell lines. Moreover, we observed a radiation dose dependent increase of total PD-L1 protein expression in RR cell lines up to 96h after irradiation compared to non-irradiated (non-IRR) cells. We found a significant GSK-3beta phosphorylation, resulting in an inactivation, after irradiation of RR cell lines. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments revealed decreased interaction of GSK-3beta with PD-L1 in non-IRR compared to irradiated (IRR) RR cells leading to PD-L1 stabilization in RR cells. PD-L1 knockdown in RR cells showed a strong decrease in cell survival. In summary, our results suggest an irradiation dependent increase in basal PD-L1 expression in RR HNSCC cell lines via GSK-3beta inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Schulz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Irene Stancev
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Antonio Sorrentino
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, University Regensburg and Department of Hematology-Oncology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ayse-Nur Menevse
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, University Regensburg and Department of Hematology-Oncology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Beckhove
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, University Regensburg and Department of Hematology-Oncology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gero Brockhoff
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Torsten Erich Reichert
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Richard Josef Bauer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Center for Medical Biotechnology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Ettl
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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