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Search for exotic decays of the Higgs boson to a pair of pseudoscalars in the μμbb and ττbb final states. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. C, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 2024; 84:493. [PMID: 38757620 PMCID: PMC11093753 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-12727-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
A search for exotic decays of the Higgs boson (H ) with a mass of 125Ge V to a pair of light pseudoscalars a 1 is performed in final states where one pseudoscalar decays to two b quarks and the other to a pair of muons or τ leptons. A data sample of proton-proton collisions at s = 13 Te V corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138fb - 1 recorded with the CMS detector is analyzed. No statistically significant excess is observed over the standard model backgrounds. Upper limits are set at 95% confidence level (CL ) on the Higgs boson branching fraction to μ μ b b and to τ τ b b , via a pair of a 1 s. The limits depend on the pseudoscalar mass m a 1 and are observed to be in the range (0.17-3.3) × 10 - 4 and (1.7-7.7) × 10 - 2 in the μ μ b b and τ τ b b final states, respectively. In the framework of models with two Higgs doublets and a complex scalar singlet (2HDM+S), the results of the two final states are combined to determine upper limits on the branching fraction B ( H → a 1 a 1 → ℓ ℓ b b ) at 95% CL , with ℓ being a muon or a τ lepton. For different types of 2HDM+S, upper bounds on the branching fraction B ( H → a 1 a 1 ) are extracted from the combination of the two channels. In most of the Type II 2HDM+S parameter space, B ( H → a 1 a 1 ) values above 0.23 are excluded at 95% CL for m a 1 values between 15 and 60Ge V .
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Grants
- Austrian Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research
- Austrian Science Fund
- Belgian Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique
- Belgian Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- CNPq
- CAPES
- FAPERJ
- FAPERGS
- FAPESP
- Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science
- Bulgarian National Science Fund
- CERN
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Ministry of Science and Technology
- Chinese National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Colombian Funding Agency (MINICIENCIAS)
- Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sport
- Croatian Science Foundation
- Research and Innovation Foundation
- SENESCYT
- Ministry of Education and Research
- Estonian Research Council via PRG780, PRG803, and PRG445
- European Regional Development Fund
- Academy of Finland
- Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture
- Helsinki Institute of Physics
- Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren
- General Secretariat for Research and Innovation
- National Research, Development and Innovation Office
- Department of Atomic Energy
- Department of Science and Technology
- Institute for Research in Fundamental Studies
- Science Foundation
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
- Korean Ministry of Education, Science and Technology
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)
- MES
- Lithuanian Academy of Sciences
- Ministry of Education
- University of Malaya
- BUAP
- CINVESTAV
- CONACYT
- LNS
- SEP
- UASLP
- MOS
- Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment
- Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
- Ministry of Educaton and Science
- National Science Centre
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, CERN/FIS-PAR/0025/2019 and CERN/FIS-INS/0032/2019
- Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Serbia
- MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, ERDF “a way of making Europe”
- Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, Spain
- Plan de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación del Principado de Asturias
- MOSTR
- ETH Board
- ETH Zurich
- PSI
- SNF
- UniZH
- Canton Zurich
- SER
- Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics
- Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology of Thailand
- Special Task Force for Activating Research
- National Science and Technology Development Agency of Thailand
- Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey
- Turkish Atomic Energy Authority
- National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
- Science and Technology Facilities Council
- US Department of Energy
- US National Science Foundation
- Marie-Curie programme
- European Research Council and EPLANET (European Union)
- European Research Council/European Cooperation in Science and Technology), Action CA16108
- Horizon 2020 Grant, contract Nos. 675440, 724704, 752730, 758316, 765710, 824093, 101115353 (European Union)
- Leventis Foundation
- Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
- Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
- Science Committee, project no. 22rl-037
- Belgian Federal Science Policy Office
- Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l’Industrie et dans l’Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium)
- Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium)
- Belgian Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique, “Excellence of Science - EOS” - be.h project n. 30820817
- Belgian Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, “Excellence of Science - EOS” - be.h project n. 30820817
- Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, No. Z191100007219010
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
- Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic
- Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy – EXC 2121 “Quantum Universe” – 390833306
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), project number 400140256 - GRK2497
- Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation, Project Number 2288
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- New National Excellence Program - ÚNKP, the NKFIH research grants K 124845, K 124850, K 128713, K 128786, K 129058, K 131991, K 133046, K 138136, K 143460, K 143477, 2020-2.2.1-ED-2021-00181, and TKP2021-NKTA-64
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India
- Latvian Council of Science
- Ministy of Education and Science, project no. 2022/WK/14
- National Science Center, Opus 2021/41/B/ST2/01369 and 2021/43/B/ST2/01552
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, CEECIND/01334/2018
- National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund
- Ministry of Science and Higher Education, project no. FSWU-2023-0073 and FSWW-2020-0008
- Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigación Científica y Técnica de Excelencia María de Maeztu, grant MDM-2017-0765 and projects PID2020-113705RB, PID2020-113304RB, PID2020-116262RB and PID2020-113341RB-I00
- Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias
- Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University (Thailand)
- CUAASC
- Kavli Foundation
- Nvidia Corporation
- Welch Foundation, contract C-1845
- Weston Havens Foundation
- Institut für Hochenergiephysik (HEPHY) using the Cloud Infrastructure Platform (CLIP), Vienna
- Inter-University Institute for High Energies, Brussels
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve
- São Paulo Research and Analysis Center, São Paulo
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro
- University of Sofia, Sofia
- Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, Helsinki
- Grille de Recherche d’Ile de France (GRIF), Institut de recherche sur les lois fondamentales de l’Univers, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France and Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, CNRS/IN2P3, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris
- Institut de recherche sur les lois fondamentales de l’Univers, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette
- Institut national de physique nucléaire et de physique des particules, IN2P3, Villeurbanne
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Strasbourg
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, CNRS/IN2P3, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Karlsruhe
- RWTH Aachen University, Aachen
- University of Ioánnina, Ioánnina
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai
- INFN CNAF, Bologna
- INFN Sezione di Bari, Università di Bari, Politecnico di Bari, Bari
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Università di Pisa, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Pisa
- INFN Sezione di Roma, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome
- INFN Sezione di Trieste, Università di Trieste, Trieste
- Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu
- National Centre for Physics, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad
- Akademickie Centrum Komputerowe Cyfronet AGH, Krakow
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Swierk
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, Lisboa
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI), Daejeon
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid
- Instituto de Física de Cantabria (IFCA), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander
- Port d’Informació Científica, Bellaterra
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva
- CSCS - Swiss National Supercomputing Centre, Lugano
- Instrumentation and Detector Consortium, Taipei
- National Center for High-performance Computing (NCHC), Hsinchu City
- Middle East Technical University, Physics Department, Ankara
- National Scientific Center, Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology, Kharkov
- GridPP, Brunel University, Uxbridge
- GridPP, Imperial College, London
- GridPP, Queen Mary University of London, London
- GridPP, Royal Holloway, University of London, London
- GridPP, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot
- GridPP, University of Bristol, Bristol
- GridPP, University of Glasgow, Glasgow
- GridPP, University of Oxford, Oxford
- Baylor University, Waco
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
- National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility, Berkeley
- Open Science Grid (OSG) Consortium
- Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center (PSC), Pittsburgh
- Purdue University, West Lafayette
- San Diego Supercomputer Center (SDSC), La Jolla
- Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC), Austin
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder
- University of Florida, Gainesville
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln
- University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville
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A practical approach to screening for carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales- views of a group of multidisciplinary experts from English hospitals. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:444. [PMID: 38671365 PMCID: PMC11046869 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09307-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) are an important public health threat, with costly operational and economic consequences for NHS Integrated Care Systems and NHS Trusts. UK Health Security Agency guidelines recommend that Trusts use locally developed risk assessments to accurately identify high-risk individuals for screening, and implement the most appropriate method of testing, but this presents many challenges. METHODS A convenience sample of cross-specialty experts from across England met to discuss the barriers and practical solutions to implementing UK Health Security Agency framework into operational and clinical workflows. The group derived responses to six key questions that are frequently asked about screening for CPE. KEY FINDINGS Four patient groups were identified for CPE screening: high-risk unplanned admissions, high-risk elective admissions, patients in high-risk units, and known positive contacts. Rapid molecular testing is a preferred screening method for some of these settings, offering faster turnaround times and more accurate results than culture-based testing. It is important to stimulate action now, as several lessons can be learnt from screening during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as from CPE outbreaks. CONCLUSION Further decisive and instructive information is needed to establish CPE screening protocols based on local epidemiology and risk factors. Local management should continually evaluate local epidemiology, analysing data and undertaking frequent prevalence studies to understand risks, and prepare resources- such as upscaled screening- to prevent increasing prevalence, clusters or outbreaks. Rapid molecular-based methods will be a crucial part of these considerations, as they can reduce unnecessary isolation and opportunity costs.
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Observation of WWγ Production and Search for Hγ Production in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:121901. [PMID: 38579207 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.121901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The observation of WWγ production in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with an integrated luminosity of 138 fb^{-1} is presented. The observed (expected) significance is 5.6 (5.1) standard deviations. Events are selected by requiring exactly two leptons (one electron and one muon) of opposite charge, moderate missing transverse momentum, and a photon. The measured fiducial cross section for WWγ is 5.9±0.8(stat)±0.8(syst)±0.7(modeling) fb, in agreement with the next-to-leading order quantum chromodynamics prediction. The analysis is extended with a search for the associated production of the Higgs boson and a photon, which is generated by a coupling of the Higgs boson to light quarks. The result is used to constrain the Higgs boson couplings to light quarks.
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New Structures in the J/ψJ/ψ Mass Spectrum in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:111901. [PMID: 38563916 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.111901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
A search is reported for near-threshold structures in the J/ψJ/ψ invariant mass spectrum produced in proton-proton collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV from data collected by the CMS experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 135 fb^{-1}. Three structures are found, and a model with quantum interference among these structures provides a good description of the data. A new structure is observed with a local significance above 5 standard deviations at a mass of 6638_{-38}^{+43}(stat)_{-31}^{+16}(syst) MeV. Another structure with even higher significance is found at a mass of 6847_{-28}^{+44}(stat)_{-20}^{+48}(syst) MeV, which is consistent with the X(6900) resonance reported by the LHCb experiment and confirmed by the ATLAS experiment. Evidence for another new structure, with a local significance of 4.7 standard deviations, is found at a mass of 7134_{-25}^{+48}(stat)_{-15}^{+41}(syst) MeV. Results are also reported for a model without interference, which does not fit the data as well and shows mass shifts up to 150 MeV relative to the model with interference.
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Survival following lung volume reduction procedures: results from the UK Lung Volume Reduction (UKLVR) registry. BMJ Open Respir Res 2024; 11:e002092. [PMID: 38423954 PMCID: PMC10910650 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2023-002092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) and endobronchial valve (EBV) placement can produce substantial benefits in appropriately selected people with emphysema. The UK Lung Volume Reduction (UKLVR) registry is a national multicentre observational study set up to support quality standards and assess outcomes from LVR procedures at specialist centres across the UK. METHODS Data were analysed for all patients undergoing an LVR procedure (LVRS/EBV) who were recruited into the study at participating centres between January 2017 and June 2022, including; disease severity and risk assessment, compliance with guidelines for selection, procedural complications and survival to February 2023. RESULTS Data on 541 patients from 14 participating centres were analysed. Baseline disease severity was similar in patients who had surgery n=244 (44.9%), or EBV placement n=219 (40.9%), for example, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) 32.1 (12.1)% vs 31.2 (11.6)%. 89% of cases had discussion at a multidisciplinary meeting recorded. Median (IQR) length of stay postprocedure for LVRS and EBVs was 12 (13) vs 4 (4) days(p=0.01). Increasing age, male gender and lower FEV1%predicted were associated with mortality risk, but survival did not differ between the two procedures, with 50 (10.8%) deaths during follow-up in the LVRS group vs 45 (9.7%) following EBVs (adjusted HR 1.10 (95% CI 0.72 to 1.67) p=0.661) CONCLUSION: Based on data entered in the UKLVR registry, LVRS and EBV procedures for emphysema are being performed in people with similar disease severity and long-term survival is similar in both groups.
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Search for Scalar Leptoquarks Produced via τ-Lepton-Quark Scattering in pp Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:061801. [PMID: 38394587 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.061801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The first search for scalar leptoquarks produced in τ-lepton-quark collisions is presented. It is based on a set of proton-proton collision data recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb^{-1}. The reconstructed final state consists of a jet, significant missing transverse momentum, and a τ lepton reconstructed through its hadronic or leptonic decays. Limits are set on the product of the leptoquark production cross section and branching fraction and interpreted as exclusions in the plane of the leptoquark mass and the leptoquark-τ-quark coupling strength.
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Association of sleep timings, duration, consistency, and chronotype with premyopia and myopia among Indian children. Eur J Ophthalmol 2024:11206721241231335. [PMID: 38332623 DOI: 10.1177/11206721241231335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the association of sleep timings, duration, consistency, and chronotype with premyopia and myopia among Indian children. METHODS This hospital-based cross-sectional study included 453 children, aged 6-12 years. Two myopia participants were selected for each individual with the corresponding premyopia or emmetropia. All children underwent cycloplegic autorefraction and ocular biometric tests. The Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and parental information on behavioral habits were used to assess the association of sleep parameters with myopia and premyopia using logistic regression models. RESULTS Both myopia and premyopia exhibited significant late bedtime, short sleep duration, early wakeup time on only weekdays, and longer weekend catch-up sleep than emmetropia children (p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, late bedtime (more than 24:00 a.m.) on weekdays (Odds ratio, OR = 3.63, 95% CI [0.74, 8.68]) as well as on free days (OR = 1.04, 95% CI [0.02, 8.08]); and early wake-up time only on weekdays (5:00-6:00 a.m., OR = 2.16, 95% CI [0.24, 6.76] and 06:00-07:00 a.m., OR = 2.42, 95% CI [0.51, 8.44]) were associated with increased risk of myopia (all p < 0.05) but not premyopia. After adjusting the confounding factors, when each of the eight CSHQ subscale components was analyzed, only bedtime resistance, night waking, and daytime sleepiness scores were significantly associated with a higher risk for premyopia and myopia (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The sleep quality components, including bedtime resistance, night waking, and daytime sleepiness, equally involve a higher risk for myopia as well as premyopia.
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Search for Inelastic Dark Matter in Events with Two Displaced Muons and Missing Transverse Momentum in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:041802. [PMID: 38335361 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.041802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
A search for dark matter in events with a displaced nonresonant muon pair and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis is performed using an integrated luminosity of 138 fb^{-1} of proton-proton (pp) collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV produced by the LHC in 2016-2018. No significant excess over the predicted backgrounds is observed. Upper limits are set on the product of the inelastic dark matter production cross section σ(pp→A^{'}→χ_{1}χ_{2}) and the decay branching fraction B(χ_{2}→χ_{1}μ^{+}μ^{-}), where A^{'} is a dark photon and χ_{1} and χ_{2} are states in the dark sector with near mass degeneracy. This is the first dedicated collider search for inelastic dark matter.
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Luminosity determination using Z boson production at the CMS experiment. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. C, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 2024; 84:26. [PMID: 38227803 PMCID: PMC10781851 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-12268-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The measurement of Z boson production is presented as a method to determine the integrated luminosity of CMS data sets. The analysis uses proton-proton collision data, recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC in 2017 at a center-of-mass energy of 13Te V . Events with Z bosons decaying into a pair of muons are selected. The total number of Z bosons produced in a fiducial volume is determined, together with the identification efficiencies and correlations from the same data set, in small intervals of 20pb - 1 of integrated luminosity, thus facilitating the efficiency and rate measurement as a function of time and instantaneous luminosity. Using the ratio of the efficiency-corrected numbers of Z bosons, the precisely measured integrated luminosity of one data set is used to determine the luminosity of another. For the first time, a full quantitative uncertainty analysis of the use of Z bosons for the integrated luminosity measurement is performed. The uncertainty in the extrapolation between two data sets, recorded in 2017 at low and high instantaneous luminosity, is less than 0.5%. We show that the Z boson rate measurement constitutes a precise method, complementary to traditional methods, with the potential to improve the measurement of the integrated luminosity.
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Grants
- SC
- Austrian Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research
- Austrian Science Fund
- Belgian Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique
- Belgian Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- CNPq
- CAPES
- FAPERJ
- FAPERGS
- FAPESP
- Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science
- Bulgarian National Science Fund
- CERN
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Ministry of Science and Technology
- Chinese National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Colombian Funding Agency (MINICIENCIAS)
- Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sport
- Croatian Science Foundation
- Research and Innovation Foundation
- SENESCYT
- Ministry of Education and Research
- Estonian Research Council via PRG780, PRG803, and PRG445
- European Regional Development Fund
- Academy of Finland
- Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture
- Helsinki Institute of Physics
- Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren
- General Secretariat for Research and Innovation
- National Research, Development and Innovation Office
- Department of Atomic Energy
- Department of Science and Technology
- Institute for Research in Fundamental Studies
- Science Foundation
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
- Korean Ministry of Education, Science and Technology
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)
- MES
- Lithuanian Academy of Sciences
- Ministry of Education
- University of Malaya
- BUAP
- CINVESTAV
- CONACYT
- LNS
- SEP
- UASLP
- MOS
- Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment
- Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
- Ministry of Educaton and Science
- National Science Centre
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, CERN/FIS-PAR/0025/2019 and CERN/FIS-INS/0032/2019
- Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Serbia
- MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, ERDF “a way of making Europe”
- Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, Spain
- Plan de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación del Principado de Asturias
- MOSTR
- ETH Board
- ETH Zurich
- PSI
- SNF
- UniZH
- Canton Zurich
- SER
- Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics
- Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology of Thailand
- Special Task Force for Activating Research
- National Science and Technology Development Agency of Thailand
- Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey
- Turkish Atomic Energy Authority
- National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
- Science and Technology Facilities Council
- US Department of Energy
- US National Science Foundation
- Marie-Curie programme
- European Research Council and EPLANET (European Union)
- European Research Council/European Cooperation in Science and Technology), Action CA16108
- Horizon 2020 Grant, contract Nos. 675440, 724704, 752730, 758316, 765710, 824093 (European Union)
- Leventis Foundation
- Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
- Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
- Science Committee, project no. 22rl-037
- Belgian Federal Science Policy Office
- Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l’Industrie et dans l’Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium)
- Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium)
- Belgian Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique, “Excellence of Science - EOS” - be.h project n. 30820817
- Belgian Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, “Excellence of Science - EOS” - be.h project n. 30820817
- Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, No. Z191100007219010
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
- Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic
- Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy - EXC 2121 “Quantum Universe” – 390833306
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), project number 400140256 - GRK2497
- Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation, Project Number 2288
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- New National Excellence Program - ÚNKP, the NKFIH research grants K 124845, K 124850, K 128713, K 128786, K 129058, K 131991, K 133046, K 138136, K 143460, K 143477, 2020-2.2.1-ED-2021-00181, and TKP2021-NKTA-64
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India
- Latvian Council of Science
- Ministy of Education and Science, project no. 2022/WK/14
- National Science Center, Opus 2021/41/B/ST2/01369 and 2021/43/B/ST2/01552
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, CEECIND/01334/2018
- National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund
- Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigación Científica y Técnica de Excelencia María de Maeztu, grant MDM-2017-0765 and projects PID2020-113705RB, PID2020-113304RB, PID2020-116262RB and PID2020-113341RB-I00
- Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias
- Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University (Thailand)
- CUAASC
- Kavli Foundation
- Nvidia Corporation
- Welch Foundation, contract C-1845
- Weston Havens Foundation
- Institut für Hochenergiephysik (HEPHY) using the Cloud Infrastructure Platform (CLIP), Vienna
- Inter-University Institute for High Energies, Brussels
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve
- São Paulo Research and Analysis Center, São Paulo
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro
- University of Sofia, Sofia
- Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, Helsinki
- Grille de Recherche d’Ile de France (GRIF), Institut de recherche sur les lois fondamentales de l’Univers, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France and Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, CNRS/IN2P3, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris
- Institut de recherche sur les lois fondamentales de l’Univers, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette
- Institut national de physique nucléaire et de physique des particules, IN2P3, Villeurbanne
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Strasbourg
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, CNRS/IN2P3, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Karlsruhe
- RWTH Aachen University, Aachen
- University of Ioánnina, Ioánnina
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai
- INFN CNAF, Bologna
- INFN Sezione di Bari, Università di Bari, Politecnico di Bari, Bari
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Università di Pisa, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Pisa
- INFN Sezione di Roma, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome
- INFN Sezione di Trieste, Università di Trieste, Trieste
- Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu
- National Centre for Physics, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad
- Akademickie Centrum Komputerowe Cyfronet AGH, Krakow
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Swierk
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, Lisboa
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI), Daejeon
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid
- Instituto de Física de Cantabria (IFCA), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander
- Port d’Informació Científica, Bellaterra
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva
- CSCS - Swiss National Supercomputing Centre, Lugano
- National Center for High-performance Computing (NCHC), Hsinchu City
- National Central University, Chung-Li,
- Middle East Technical University, Physics Department, Ankara
- National Scientific Center, Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology, Kharkov
- GridPP, Brunel University, Uxbridge
- GridPP, Imperial College, London
- GridPP, Queen Mary University of London, London
- GridPP, Royal Holloway, University of London, London
- GridPP, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot
- GridPP, University of Bristol, Bristol
- GridPP, University of Glasgow, Glasgow
- Baylor University, Waco
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
- National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility, Berkeley
- Open Science Grid (OSG) Consortium
- Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center (PSC), Pittsburgh
- Purdue University, West Lafayette
- San Diego Supercomputer Center (SDSC), La Jolla
- Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC), Austin
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder
- University of Florida, Gainesville
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln
- University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez
- University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville
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Dynamical behavior of solitons of the (2+1)-dimensional Konopelchenko Dubrovsky system. Sci Rep 2024; 14:147. [PMID: 38167533 PMCID: PMC10762042 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46593-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Utilizing nonlinear evolution equations (NEEs) is common practice to establish the fundamental assumptions underlying natural phenomena. This paper examines the weakly dispersed non-linear waves in mathematical physics represented by the Konopelchenko-Dubrovsky (KD) equations. The [Formula: see text]-expansion method is used to analyze the model under consideration. Using symbolic computations, the [Formula: see text]-expansion method is used to produce solitary waves and soliton solutions to the [Formula: see text]-dimensional KD model in terms of trigonometric, hyperbolic, and rational functions. Mathematica simulations are displayed using two, three, and density plots to demonstrate the obtained solitary wave solutions' behavior. These proposed solutions have not been documented in the existing literature.
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11
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Associations between systemic melatonin and human myopia: A systematic review. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2023; 43:1478-1490. [PMID: 37568264 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Experimental models have implicated the role of melatonin circadian rhythm disruption in refractive error development. Recent studies have examined melatonin concentration and its diurnal patterns on refractive error with equivocal results. This systematic review aimed to summarise the literature on melatonin circadian rhythms in myopia. RECENT FINDINGS PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest Central, LILACS, Cochrane and Medline databases were searched for papers between January 2010 and December 2022 using defined search terms. Seven studies measured melatonin and circadian rhythms in three biological fluids (blood serum, saliva and urine) in both myopes and non-myopes. Morning melatonin concentrations derived from blood serum varied significantly between studies in individuals aged 10-30 years, with a maximum of 89.45 pg/mL and a minimum of 5.43 pg/mL using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The diurnal variation of salivary melatonin was not significantly different between myopes and emmetropes when measured every 4 h for 24 h and quantified with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Significantly elevated salivary melatonin concentrations were reported in myopes compared with emmetropes, aged 18-30 years when measured hourly from evening until their habitual bedtime using liquid chromatography. However, the relationship between dim light melatonin onset and refractive group was inconsistent between studies. The 6-sulphatoxymelatonin concentration derived from overnight urine volume, measured using a double antibody radioimmunoassay, was found to be significantly lower in myopes (29.17 pg/mL) than emmetropes (42.51 pg/mL). SUMMARY The role of melatonin concentration and rhythm in myopia has not been studied extensively. This systematic review confirms conflicting findings across studies, with potential relationships existing. Future studies with uniform methodological approaches are required to ascertain the causal relationship between melatonin dysregulation and myopia in humans.
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HER2-low expression in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors. Ann Oncol 2023; 34:1035-1046. [PMID: 37619847 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-low is a newly defined category with HER2 1+ or 2+ expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and lack of HER2 gene amplification measured by in situ hybridization (ISH). Much remains unknown about the HER2-low status across tumor types and changes in HER2 status between primary and metastatic samples. PATIENTS AND METHODS HER2 expression by IHC was evaluated in 4701 patients with solid tumors. We have evaluated the HER2 expression by IHC and amplification by ISH in paired breast and gastric/gastroesophageal (GEJ) primary and metastatic samples. HER2 expression was correlated with ERBB2 genomic alterations evaluated by next-generation sequencing (NGS) in non-breast, non-gastric/GEJ samples. RESULTS HER2 expression (HER2 IHC 1-3+) was found in half (49.8%) of the cancers, with HER2-low (1 or 2+) found in many tumor types: 47.1% in breast, 34.6% in gastric/GEJ, 50.0% in salivary gland, 46.9% in lung, 46.5% in endometrial, 46% in urothelial, and 45.5% of gallbladder cancers. The concordance evaluation of HER2 expression between primary and metastatic breast cancer samples showed that HER2 3+ remained unchanged in 87.1% with a strong agreement between primary and metastatic samples, with a weighted kappa (Κ) of 0.85 (95% confidence interval 0.79-0.91). ERBB2 alterations were identified in 117 (7.5%) patients with non-breast, non-gastric/GEJ solid tumors who had NGS testing. Of 1436 patients without ERBB2 alterations, 512 (35.7%) showed any level HER2 expression by IHC. CONCLUSION Our results show that HER2-low expression is frequently found across tumor types. These findings suggest that many patients with HER2-low solid tumors might benefit from HER2-targeted therapies.
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Progression pattern of non-amblyopic Anisomyopic eyes compared to Isomyopic eyes. Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182:4329-4339. [PMID: 37462797 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-05088-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the progression pattern of non-amblyopic anisomyopic children from ages 6 to 16 years. This retrospective study analyzed the electronic medical records of 8680 myopic children who visited Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India over eight years (2009 to 2017). A total of 711 records were retrieved based on inclusion criteria. In addition, 423 records out of 711 had consecutive follow-up for three years (baseline plus three follow-up visits) and were considered to determine the progression pattern. The cycloplegic sphero-cylindrical refraction was taken for analysis and converted to vector notation of M (SE), J0, and J45. Anisomyopia referred to the interocular difference of myopic SE of ≥ 1 D whereas isomyopia referred to the interocular difference of myopic SE of < 1 D. Based on the refraction of the less ametropic eye, anisomyopes were further categorized into bilateral anisometropic myopia (BAM) and unilateral anisometropic myopia (UAM). The isomyopic cohort showed a mean annual progression of -0.49 ± 0.54 D (median [IQR] -0.38 D [{-0.75}-0.00]). In BAM, the mean annual progression of the more myopic eye was -0.45 ± 0.55 D (median [IQR] -0.38 D [{-0.75}-0.00]), and the less myopic eye was -0.37 ± 0.55 D (median [IQR] -0.25 D [{-0.63}-0.00]). This difference was significant (t (212) = -2.14, p < 0.05). In UAM, the myopic eyes (-0.39 ± 0.51 D; median [IQR] -0.25 D [{-0.75}-0.00]) showed a statistically significant higher mean annual progression compared to emmetropic eyes (-0.22 ± 0.36 D; median [IQR] 0.00 D [{-0.44}-0.00]; t (96) = -3.30, p < 0.001). In terms of progression trend, in the BAM group, the rate of change of mean SE between the more myopic and the less myopic eyes were similar (-1.12 ± 1.20 D; median [IQR] -1.13 D [{-2.00}-{-0.38}] vs. -1.05 ± 1.25 D; median [IQR] -0.88 D [{-1.75}-{-0.13}]; t (138) = -0.64, p > 0.05). However, the more myopic eyes of UAM showed a higher myopic trend compared to the emmetropic eyes (-1.37 ± 1.06 D; median [IQR] -1.32 D [{-2.13}-{-0.50}] vs. -0.96 ± 1.11 D; median [IQR] -0.75 D [{-1.56}-{-0.25}]; t (61) = -2.74, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Children with BAM and UAM eyes exhibit different progression patterns from each other. While the rate of the refractive shift in myopic eyes of UAM is similar to isomyopic eyes, BAM eyes present a slower rate of progression than isomyopic eyes. What is Known: • The rate of change of refraction in anisomyopes is higher compared to isomyopic children. • Less myopic eyes tend to shift towards more myopia while more myopic eyes show stable refraction. What is New: • The progression pattern of bilateral anisometropic myopia and unilateral anisometropic myopia differ from one another. • While the rate of the refractive shift in myopic eyes of unilateral anisometropic myopia is similar to isomyopic eyes, bilateral anisometropic myopia eyes present a slower rate of progression than isomyopic eyes. • The pattern of change in the interocular difference of anisometropia depends on the laterality (bilateral or unilateral ametropia), and degree of spherical equivalent in the more ametropic eye.
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Optimal system and dynamics of optical soliton solutions for the Schamel KdV equation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15383. [PMID: 37717085 PMCID: PMC10505238 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42477-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this research, we investigate the integrability properties of the Schamel-Korteweg-de Vries (S-KdV) equation, which is important for understanding the effect of electron trapping in the nonlinear interaction of ion-acoustic waves. Using the optimal system, we come over reduced ordinary differential equations (ODEs). To deal with reduced ODEs for this problem, Lie symmetry analysis is combined with the modified auxiliary equation (MAE) procedure and the generalized Jacobi elliptic function expansion (JEF) method. The analytical solutions reported here are novel and have a wide range of applications in mathematical physics.
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Observation of the Rare Decay of the η Meson to Four Muons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:091903. [PMID: 37721839 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.091903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
A search for the rare η→μ^{+}μ^{-}μ^{+}μ^{-} double-Dalitz decay is performed using a sample of proton-proton collisions, collected by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC with high-rate muon triggers during 2017 and 2018 and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 101 fb^{-1}. A signal having a statistical significance well in excess of 5 standard deviations is observed. Using the η→μ^{+}μ^{-} decay as normalization, the branching fraction B(η→μ^{+}μ^{-}μ^{+}μ^{-})=[5.0±0.8(stat)±0.7(syst)±0.7(B_{2μ})]×10^{-9} is measured, where the last term is the uncertainty in the normalization channel branching fraction. This work achieves an improved precision of over 5 orders of magnitude compared to previous results, leading to the first measurement of this branching fraction, which is found to agree with theoretical predictions.
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Effectiveness of 0.01% atropine in anisomyopic children. Indian J Ophthalmol 2023; 71:2109-2114. [PMID: 37203091 PMCID: PMC10391398 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_2762_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the change in ocular parameters of anisomyopic children treated with 0.01% atropine. Methods This retrospective study analyzed the data of anisomyopic children who underwent comprehensive examination at a tertiary eye center in India. Anisomyopic subjects (difference of ≥1.00 D) of age 6-12 years who were treated with 0.01% atropine or prescribed regular single vision spectacle and had follow-ups of more than 1 year were included. Results Data from 52 subjects were included. No difference was observed in the mean rate of change of spherical equivalent (SE) of more myopic eyes between 0.01% atropine (-0.56 D; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.82, -0.30) and single vision lens wearers (-0.59 D; 95% CI: -0.80, -0.37; P = 0.88). Similarly, insignificant change in the mean SE of less myopic eyes was noted between the groups (0.01% atropine group, -0.62 D; 95% CI: -0.88, -0.36 vs. single vision spectacle wearer group, -0.76 D; 95% CI: -1.00, -0.52; P = 0.43). None of the ocular biometric parameters showed any difference between the two groups. Though anisomyopic cohort treated with 0.01% atropine revealed a significant correlation between the rate of change of mean SE and axial length in both eyes (more myopic eyes, r = -0.58; P = 0.001 and less myopic eyes, r = -0.82; P < 0.001) compared to single vision spectacle wearer group, the change was not significant. Conclusion Administration of 0.01% atropine had minimal effect on reducing the rate of myopia progression in anisomyopic eyes.
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The lipid-lowering efficacy of rosuvastatin is associated with variations in SLCO1B1: a 12-month prospective cohort study. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2023; 27:4708-4717. [PMID: 37259755 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202305_32483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Statins' efficacy and safety are subject to wide inter-individual variability, partly due to genetic predisposition. Studies have shown that the genetic variations in the common solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 (SLCO1B1) gene polymorphisms affect the transport of statins' transport into hepatocytes, their plasma concentration, and circulation time. The ultimate result is variable and personalized statins response and statin-associated muscular symptoms (SAMS). Here we report an update on the differential response to rosuvastatin therapy in the Pakistani population. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 166 hyperlipidemic patients on rosuvastatin were prospectively followed for 24 weeks. Muscle symptoms were recorded after 6-8 weeks of therapy, and assessment was done according to the SAMS-clinical index tool. Patients were genotyped for SLCO1B1 c.521T>C and c.388A>G polymorphisms, for association with lipid-lowering response and statin-associated muscle symptoms. The plasma level of rosuvastatin was determined through Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS) for possible correlation with adverse effects and lipid-lowering efficacy. RESULTS Mean reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was 42.34 mg/dl (p<0.001), 35.66 mg/dl (p<0.001), and 24.47 mg/dl (p=0.202) in reference, heterozygous and mutant homozygous groups of SLCO1B1 c.521T>C, respectively. A 15.70% and 42.14% diminished LDL-C reduction was observed in c.521TC and c.521CC, respectively, compared to the reference c.521TT genotype. Similarly, for SLCO1B1 c.388A>G, 20.50% and 29.40% less LDL-C lowering effect was observed in heterozygous and mutant homozygous carriers, respectively. SAMS were observed in 37% and 33% of heterozygous and minor homozygous, respectively, (p=0.059). The rosuvastatin plasma level was 1.89-fold higher in the c.521CC genotype than in the reference homozygous type. CONCLUSIONS Differential lipid-lowering response and muscular symptoms due to rosuvastatin are associated with the SLCO1B1 common polymorphisms. Further studies are needed to validate dose adjustment and rationalization.
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1357 THE ‘CONSULTATION COMMUNICATION’ PROFORMA: ENHANCING EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN OUTPATIENTS AND INTERMEDIATE CARE. Age Ageing 2023. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac322.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
The Norman Power Centre (NPC) is a 32 bedded Intermediate Care Unit, run by an acute hospital trust in Birmingham, UK, for patients who require ongoing 24-hour care, rehabilitation or further assessment, but do not need to be in an acute hospital setting. These frail patients attend numerous outpatient hospital appointments, but rarely do staff receive communication back from these outpatient reviews. This can lead to delays in implementing specialist management plans, with potential for adverse outcomes for patients and increased staff workload in seeking out the required information. A ‘Consultation Communication’ proforma was designed, to be filled in at the appointment and brought back to NPC with the patient.
Method
Patients and escorts took proformas to outpatient appointments between March and June 2022. The information on the forms was then analysed to assess completeness and usefulness.
Results
Appointments were in surgical and medical specialities, as well as imaging in three hospitals within one trust. Proformas were taken to 19/20 appointments. 100% of these were at least partially completed, with only two forms being largely incomplete. 17/19 provided information about the assessment carried out. 12/19 included recommendations relevant to admission at NPC. 13/19 had information on medication changes. 14/19 stated whether follow up was required. Eight out of nine required follow-ups had specific details included. 13/19 had the professional’s details, 11 with contact numbers. Of those without details, two were imaging appointments where contact details were not relevant.
Conclusions
This easy to implement, simple intervention, with an excellent engagement rate from both NPC and outpatient appointment staff, has led to improved continuity of care for patients. The proforma has scope to be improved based on staff feedback, and its use could be expanded across other off-site facilities such as community hospitals or care homes.
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Climate change, water and agriculture linkages in the upper Indus basin: A field study from Gilgit-Baltistan and Leh-Ladakh. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.1012363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Indus is one of three largest river systems emerging from the Hindu-Kush Himalaya (HKH). In the Upper Indus Basin (UIB), water resources, agriculture and livelihoods are highly vulnerable to climate change induced hazards and risks. Present study investigates impacts of climate change on water availability, agriculture and livelihoods based on perception data collected through focus group discussions and key informant interviews from selected study sites in Gilgit-Baltistan and Leh-Ladakh subregions of the UIB. Findings revealed that climate change is inducing both direct and indirect impacts on water availability, agriculture, and livelihoods. Local people reported that changes in precipitations patterns, temperature and timing of seasons, and increased incidence of crop pest attacks are resulting in the decline of crop and livestock productivity (direct impacts). Climate change is also impacting productivity indirectly through degradation of rangelands/pastures and water variability in traditional irrigation systems. Local people are taking diverse adaptation measures to cope with climate change impacts. These measures include revival of less water intensive traditional crops, start of enterprises and value chain developments in Gilgit-Baltistan, and improvement in water management practices and integration of traditional agricultural products with tourism in Leh-Ladakh. Some adaptation measures are likely to have negative impacts on sustainability of local agriculture. For instance, inorganic agricultural practices in Gilgit-Baltistan, and unplanned shift to water intensive crops and improved breeds of livestock in both Gilgit-Baltistan and Leh-Ladakh. Based on findings, this study suggests establishing a learning mechanism for local communities through collaboration of local institutions from both sides of border and people to people connections.
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148 Increasing to weekly adalimumab dosing leads to improved psoriasis outcomes-a retrospective single centre review of real-world data. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.09.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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37P Synthetic tumour-infiltrating interleukin (IL)-12 for targeted and tolerable immunotherapy reduces metastasis in pancreatic cancer. IMMUNO-ONCOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.iotech.2022.100142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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The role of cadaveric simulation in talus fracture research: A scoping review. Foot Ankle Surg 2022; 28:1177-1182. [PMID: 35798617 DOI: 10.1016/j.fas.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Talus fractures are rare (<1% of all fractures), and their rarity limits the number of studies available to guide management. In instances such as this, cadaveric studies can play an important role. The purpose of this scoping review was to identify and describe the current body of literature on cadaveric studies of fractures of the talus. METHODS Through multiple electronic database searches (Medline, Embase, Scopus) we identified a broad body of cadaveric research into talus fractures, and these were classified into 4 main themes. Study characteristics were summarised along with any descriptive results and conclusions. RESULTS The search yielded 484 articles of which 19 met the inclusion criteria. They provide valuable insights into benefits and drawbacks of surgical approaches to the talus, particularly with regard to direct visualisation of anatomic reduction, and risks of neurovascular or tendon compromise. For talar neck fractures it is clear that cannulated screws offer superior fixation over plates, however, are inferior when considering anatomic reduction of the fracture. Direct visualisation of fracture reduction is far superior to intraoperative radiographic assessment, and mal-reduction leads to reduced subtalar joint range of motion, midfoot deformity, and increased joint contact pressures. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a summary of the existing literature surrounding the use of cadaver studies in fractures of the talus. We have identified gaps in the literature, particularly surrounding strength of fixation of new locking plate fixation techniques.
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Detection of Mutations in SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Clades using COVIDSeq-NGS among International Travelers. Am J Clin Pathol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqac126.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction/Objective
Numerous SARS-CoV-2 variants/lineages have been identified based on genome sequencing. As of June 15, 2022 almost 11,399,573 whole genome sequences have been deposited in the GISAID-database. Severity and spread of COVID19 is based on their efficiency of infection and to multiply in host. That largely depend upon the structural mutation in spike, ORF and N proteins etc. That happens due to translation of genomic mutations during polypeptide synthesis. Also, the mutations are region/country specific. Specific mutation and combination of mutation causes the emergence of new strains. However, the strains can migrate from one region to other through travelers. The main objective of the current study is profiling of mutations in the genome of SARSCoV2 using Next- Generation-Sequencing (NGS) in international travelers and phylogenetic analysis of the sequences to find out different clades of SARSCoV2.
Methods/Case Report
A total of 557 SARSCoV2 genomes were sequenced on S4-sequencing flow-cell on NovaSeq 6000. For NGS of SARS-CoV-2 genome, Illumina, COVIDSeq kits and the protocols will be used strictly as recommended by the manufacturer. After NGS the analysis was done followed by FASTA sequences retrieval, mutations recording and phylogeny.
Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
This study reports 11 clades (19A, B, 20A, B, C, D, 20E; EU1, 20G, 20H; Beta V2, 20I: Alpha V1, 21D; and Eta) for the first time in international travelers. To best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the COVIDSeq approach for detection of mutation in SARSCoV2 genomic clades. The study revealed some dominants mutations was (Orf1a: P2018Q, K1053R, E176V, Orf1b: A520V, T2165A, S: D1127G, D614G, L18F etc. in other genes).
Conclusion
Profiling of common mutations among travelers could fill some gaps about the existence of SARS-CoV-2 variants information. However, further studies are needed to consolidate these findings before to be utilized for development of a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Significance of Orlistat in management of dyslipidemia, systolic blood pressure and body mass index. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2022; 26:8326-8332. [PMID: 36459016 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202211_30365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study intends to find out the efficacy of Orlistat in the management of hyperlipidemia, Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and Body Mass Index (BMI). MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study has evaluated the lipid profiles of the patients, who have been using metformin therapy for Type 2 diabetes. The study has obtained data regarding the parameters like triglyceride, Total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and LDL/HDL ratio, systolic blood pressure and Body Mass Index (BMI). Random distribution of patients was done into placebo and Orlistat groups. The placebo group received only metformin, and patients in the Orlistat group received Orlistat along with metformin. After 24 weeks, the follow-up study was done, and statistical analysis was conducted. RESULTS The study found that the Orlistat group has significant improvement (p<0.05) more improvement in LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, Total cholesterol, LDL/HDL Ratio and Triglycerides, while BMI and systolic blood pressure did not show a significant difference between placebo and Orlistat group. CONCLUSIONS This study has concluded that Orlistat can be used for significant improvement in lipid profile. The study also found that Orlistat may not have a significant effect on reducing BMI and blood pressure without adequate lifestyle modification.
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268 AUDIT: GENERIC PRESCRIBING COMPLIANCE IN AN ACUTE HOSPITAL. Age Ageing 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac218.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Generic prescribing is cost-effective, and evidence suggests that clinical outcomes compared with brand name products are largely equivalent. Hospital guidelines recommend that medications should be prescribed using the approved generic name, not the brand name. There are some exceptions to this. Anecdotal evidence suggests that medication reconciliation for patients on admission to hospital are charted by brand name rather than the generic title. To investigate this we conducted a four-day audit of the prescribing of medications on patients admitted to medical wards in an acute hospital.
Methods
This audit took place over a four-day period. The Kardex of each patient admitted to the three medical wards was reviewed. Patients admitted under cardiology, haematology and oncology were excluded. All medications including whether they were prescribed using the generic or brand name were collected. Statistical analysis was carried out using Microsoft Excel.
Results
A total of 33 kardexes were collected. Two hundred and fifty-seven prescribed medications were reviewed. Ninety-five were charted as brand names and 63% (n=162) were prescribed using the generic name. One hundred and eighteen different categories of medications were prescribed. Enoxaparin was prescribed using the brand name ten times and the generic title three times. The antibiotic Piperacillin/tazobactam was prescribed three times using the brand name and one time using the generic title. Of the eight times atorvastatin was prescribed, it was charted using the generic name seven times (88%).
Conclusion
Almost two-thirds of medications for patients admitted to medical wards are prescribed using generic titles. However, there is room for improvement. Of note, commonly prescribed medications such as enoxaparin and certain antimicrobials were prescribed using the brand name. Opportunities e.g., induction, grand rounds and Non-Consultant Hospital Doctor (NCHD) teaching sessions should be utilised to provide education on the importance of generic prescribing to all NCHDs admitting patients.
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Nicotine reduces age-related changes in cortical neural oscillations without affecting auditory brainstem responses. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 120:10-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Severity of oEsophageal Anastomotic Leak in patients after oesophagectomy: the SEAL score. Br J Surg 2022. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/bjs/znac226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Anastomotic leak (AL) is a common but severe complication after oesophagectomy. It is unknown how to determine the severity of AL objectively at diagnosis. Determining leak severity may guide treatment decisions and improve future research. This study aimed to identify leak-related prognostic factors for mortality, and to develop a Severity of oEsophageal Anastomotic Leak (SEAL) score.
Methods
This international, retrospective cohort study in 71 centres worldwide included patients with AL after oesophagectomy between 2011 and 2019. The primary endpoint was 90-day mortality. Leak-related prognostic factors were identified after adjusting for confounders and were included in multivariable logistic regression to develop the SEAL score. Four classes of leak severity (mild, moderate, severe, and critical) were defined based on the risk of 90-day mortality, and the score was validated internally.
Results
Some 1509 patients with AL were included and the 90-day mortality rate was 11.7 per cent. Twelve leak-related prognostic factors were included in the SEAL score. The score showed good calibration and discrimination (c-index 0.77, 95 per cent c.i. 0.73 to 0.81). Higher classes of leak severity graded by the SEAL score were associated with a significant increase in duration of ICU stay, healing time, Comprehensive Complication Index score, and Esophagectomy Complications Consensus Group classification.
Conclusion
The SEAL score grades leak severity into four classes by combining 12 leak-related predictors and can be used to the assess severity of AL after oesophagectomy.
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Elderberry extract inhibits tumour necrosis factor induced monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells via modulation of the NF-κB pathway. Cardiovasc Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac066.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): De Montfort PhD funded scholarship scheme
Introduction
During the early stages of atherosclerosis, monocytes attach to endothelial cells (EC) before differentiating into macrophages causing the accumulation of foam cells and plaque growth. NF-κB and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) are some of the main mediators in EC that are involved in the monocyte adhesion process. Elderberry extract (EE) are rich in anthocyanins a subclass polyphenol with vascular-protective properties.
Purpose
The main of aim of this study is to examine if EE can prevent TNF-α induced inflammation and monocyte adherence to EC.
Methods
Primary Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) were pre-treated for 1-h and stimulated with or without TNF-α 10 ng/ml for western blot. Cell lysates from the treated cells were then subjected to Western blotting and probed for total and phospho-NF-κB. For monocyte adherence cells were pre-treated for 24-h, then stimulated with/or without TNF-α 10 ng/ml for 24-h. Fluorescently labelled THP-1 cells were then added to the HUVECs for an additional 30 minutes, and samples were measured in a fluorescence plate reader. Cells were put through flow cytometry for measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) using DCFHFDA assay or VCAM-1 levels using Anti-CD106.
Results
An increase in ROS production and NF-κB phosphorylation was found after stimulation TNF-α 10 ng/ml (p = 0.01). However, cells pre-incubated with EE (50 μg/ml) for 1-hour before TNF-α stimulation caused a reduction in ROS as well as inhibition of NF-κB phosphorylation (p < 0.01). TNF-α 10 ng/ml increased the monocyte adherence to the HUVECs by a 2-fold although, EE prevented TNF-α monocyte adherence (mean value, 589.7 vs 408 p = 0.0033). This was associated with suppressed VCAM-1 expression found in the EE pre-treatment with TNF-α (p = 0.02).
Discussion
Our Preliminary data demonstrates that EE, can prevent monocytes binding onto EC potentially by inhibiting TNF-α induced NF-κB and VCAM-1 levels. Our findings postulate that NF-κB and VCAM-1 could be the direct link for targeting the prevention of monocyte adherence to EC, although this would need confirmation by blocking key cellular signalling pathways to confirm its role. This preliminary data suggests that EE and potentially other polyphenols could be a useful strategy for targeting the initial stages of atherosclerosis.
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Recent advances and challenges in 2D/2D heterojunction photocatalysts for solar fuels applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 304:102661. [PMID: 35462267 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Although photocatalytic technology has emerged as an effective means of alleviating the projected future fuel crisis by converting sunlight directly into chemical energy, no visible-light-driven, low-cost, and highly stable photocatalyst has been developed to date. Due to considerably higher interfacial contact with numerous reactive sites, effective charge transmission and separation ability, and strong redox potentials, the focus has now shifted to 2D/2D heterojunction systems, which have exhibited effective photocatalytic performance. The fundamentals of 2D/2D photocatalysis for different applications and the classification of 2D/2D materials are first explained in this paper, followed by strategies to improve the photocatalytic performance of various 2D/2D heterojunction systems. Following that, current breakthroughs in 2D/2D metal-based and metal-free heterojunction photocatalysts, as well as their applications for H2 evolution via water splitting, CO2 reduction, and N2 fixation, are discussed. Finally, a brief overview of current constraints and predicted results for 2D/2D heterojunction systems is also presented. This paper lays out a strategy for developing efficient 2D/2D heterojunction photocatalysts and sophisticated technology for solar fuel applications in order to address the energy issue.
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POS1413 INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE(ILD) PREVALENCE AND TRENDS IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS(SLE), RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS(RA), SCLERODERMA(SCL), MYOSITIS AND MIXED CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASES(MCTD) ALONG WITH COMPARISON OF LENGTH OF HOSPITALIZATION STAY(LOS), COST AND RACIAL PREDISPOSITION AMONG THESE PATIENTS. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.1172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundILD includes a category of lung disorders seen in a variety of autoimmune conditions. Prevalence of ILD in autoimmune diseases is variable and poorly studied. ILD is more commonly seen in systemic sclerosis, with 90% of patients showing some interstitial changes on High resolution CT scan. ILD is less common in SLE compared to SCL, with ILD not only a complication but also a poor prognostic factor in these patients. Prior studies have shown increased prevalence of ILD in RA patients over the years. For myositis, ILD can develop during the course of disease or can precede the diagnosis in a small subset of patients.ObjectivesOur study aims to determine the prevalence of ILD in diseases like SLE, Scleroderma, RA, MCTD, and Myositis over the years as well as identify racial predisposition, LOS, Cost of hospitalization in these patientsMethodsWe used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database (years 2003-2018) and extracted patients with ILD using validated International Classification of Disease (ICD) codes. Data from 2015 was excluded from the study in light of the transition of the coding system from version 9 to 10. We identified cases having the diagnosis of SLE, RA, Scleroderma, MCTD or Myositis. Prevalence as well as demographics, cost of hospitalization, and length of stay (LOS) was analyzed and charted. Data was analyzed using statistical analysis system 9.4 software.ResultsWe identified a total of 149,691 cases of ILD over 15 years. Patients with RA had the highest prevalence of ILD amongst the 5 studied autoimmune diseases. The prevalence rate of RA in ILD patients in 2003 was 3.3% which significantly reduced to 0.93% in 2018, with a peak of 6.42% seen in 2010 (p <0.0001). Prevalence rate of ILD with myositis decreased from 0.72% in 2003 to 0.46% in 2018 (p 0.0001). The prevalence rates of SLE, Scleroderma, and MCTD in cases with ILD significantly increased from 1.38% to 1.63%, 1.38% to 1.76%, and 0.14% to 0.54% from 2003 to 2018 respectively.The average age of ILD cases with SLE was significantly younger compared to ILD without autoimmune disease (59.28 vs 72.32 years, p <0.0001), RA (69.72 vs 72.17 years, p <0.0001), Scleroderma (62.01 vs 72.28 years, p < 0.0001), Myositis (59.56 vs 72.19 years, p <0.0001) and MCTD (59.6 vs 72.18 years, p <0.0001). On examining the racial distribution, the African American population with ILD when compared to other races were more likely to have underlying SLE, MCTD, Myositis or Scleroderma. In ILD with RA, Native Americans were the most affected racial demographic followed by African Americans.Average cost of hospitalization was higher in ILD with MCTD ($104,631 vs $71,264.6, p<0.0001), Myositis ($105,623 vs $71,232.9, p<0.0001) and Scleroderma ($88,736.2 vs $71,135.5, p<0.0001). Average LOS was significantly longer in RA (7.17 vs 6.66 days, p value 0.0006), MCTD (7.71 vs 6.67 days, p value 0.0008), Myositis (8.33 vs 6.66 days, p value <0.0001) and Scleroderma (7.07 vs 6.67 days, p value 0.0176). Though not significant, average LOS was longer in SLE (6.79 vs 6.67 days, p value 0.4999).ConclusionOur study shows that the prevalence of RA in ILD cases has significantly reduced through the years. This can be attributed to the better understanding of the disease and its risk factors as well as the availability and use of newer biologic agents to obtain better control. However, the prevalence of SLE, Scleroderma, and MCTD in ILD cases has increased over the years. This points to the need for better therapies as well as highlights the fact that the overall recognition and diagnosis of these diseases have increased over the years. Racial predilection also comes to light, suggesting the need for special attention to certain races to diagnose the autoimmune disease earlier. Average LOS and cost of hospitalization were also higher in ILD cases with autoimmune disease, reflecting the higher socioeconomic burden.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared
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Fungal conversion of chicken-feather waste into biofortified compost. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 83:e248026. [PMID: 35544900 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.248026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Poultry industry is amongst highly developed industries of Pakistan, fulfilling the protein demand of rapidly increasing population. On the other hand, the untreated poultry waste is causing several health and environmental problems. The current study was designed to check the potential of keratinolytic fungal species for the conversion of chicken-feather waste into biofortified compost. For the purpose, three fungal species were isolated from soil samples. These strains were pure cultured and then characterized phenotypically and genotypically. BLAST searches of 18S rDNA nucleotide sequence of the fungal isolates revealed that the two fungal isolates belonged to genus Aspergillus and one belonged to genus Chrysosporium. Optimum temperature for Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Chrysosporium queenslandicum was 29, 26 and 25 oC, respectively. A. flavus showed maximum (53%) feather degradation, A. niger degraded feather waste up to 37%, while C. queenslandicum showed 21% keratinolytic activity on chicken feathers at their respective temperature optima. The degradation potential of these fungal species showed their ability to form compost that has agro-industrial importance.
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143P Demographics of breast cancer and non-malignant breast lesions in Western India: A study of 8000 breast pathologies. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.03.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Development of bright orange-reddish color emitting material from Sm3+-doped Y2O3 based borosilicate glasses for solid state lighting materials. JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2021.121283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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POS-111 TWIN WITH LUPUS NEPHRITIS: THE TALE OF NEPHRECTOMY, IVF TWIN PREGNANCY LOSS AND MORE. Kidney Int Rep 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.01.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Tribological and circular economy aspects of polypropylene/cotton fibre hybrid composite. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ESTONIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.3176/proc.2022.2.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Evaluation of indigenous plants' extracts for mosquitocidal activity against different stages of Culex quinquefasciatus say (Diptera: Culicidae). BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e248122. [PMID: 34932614 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.248122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Being vector of West Nile Virus and falariasis the control of Culex quinquefasciatus is likely to be essential. Synthetic insecticide treatment is looking most effective for vectors mosquito control. However, these products are toxic to the environment and non-target organisms. Consequently, ecofriendly control of vectors mosquito is needed. In this regard botanical insecticide is looking more fruitful. Therefore, the present research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of methanolic extract and various fractions, including, n-hexane, ethyl-acetate, chloroform, and aqueous fraction, obtained from methanolic extract of Ailanthus altissima, Artemisia scoparia, and Justicia adhatoda using separating funnel against larval, pupal, and adult stages of Culex quinquefasciatus. The larvae and pupae of Culex quinquefasciatus were exposed to various concentrations (31.25-1000 ppm) of methanolic extract and its fractions for 24 hours of exposure period. For knock-down bioassay (filter paper impregnation bioassay) different concentration of the methanolic extract and its various fractions (i.e. 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1mg/mL) were applied for 1 hour exposure period. The results were statistically analysed using standard deviation, probit analysis, and linear regression. The R2 values of larvae, pupae, and adult range from 0.4 to 0.99. The values of LC50 (concentration causing 50% mortality) for late 3rd instar larvae after 24 hours exposure period range from 93-1856.7 ppm, while LC90 values range from 424 -7635.5ppm. The values of LC50for pupae range form 1326.7-6818.4ppm and and values of LC90 range from 3667.3-17427.9ppm, respectively. The KDT50 range from 0.30 to 2.8% and KDT90 values range from1.2 to 110.8%, respectively. In conclusion, Justicia adhatoda may be effective for controlling populations of vector mosquito.
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Photosynthetic acclamatory response of Panicum antidotale Retz. populations to root zone desiccation stress. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 84:e252735. [PMID: 34932636 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.252735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth of plants is severely reduced due to water stress by affecting photosynthesis including photosystem II (PSII) activity and electron transport. This study emphasised on comparative and priority targeted changes in PSII activity due to progressive drought in seven populations of Panicum antidotale (P. antidotale) collected from Cholistan Desert and non-Cholistan regions. Tillers of equal growth of seven populations of P. antidotale grown in plastic pots filled with soil were subjected progressive drought by withholding water irrigation for three weeks. Progressive drought reduced the soil moisture content, leaf relative water content, photosynthetic pigments and fresh and dry biomass of shoots in all seven populations. Populations from Dingarh Fort, Dingarh Grassland and Haiderwali had higher growth than those of other populations. Cholistani populations especially in Dingarh Grassland and Haiderwali had greater ability of osmotic adjustment as reflected by osmotic potential and greater accumulation of total soluble proteins. Maximum H2O2 under water stress was observed in populations from Muzaffargarh and Khanewal but these were intermediate in MDA content. Under water stress, populations from Muzaffargarh and Dingarh Fort had greater K+ accumulation in their leaves. During progressive drought, non-Cholistani populations showed complete leaf rolling after 23 days of drought, and these populations could not withstand with more water stress condition while Cholistani populations tolerated more water stress condition for 31 days. Moreover, progressive drought caused PSII damages after 19 days and it became severe after 23 days in non-Cholistani populations of P. antidotale than in Cholistani populations.
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Prevalence of parasites in selected captive bird species. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 84:e254251. [PMID: 34852138 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.254251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood and fecal samples of chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar), albino pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), silver pheasant (Lophura nycthemera), rose-ringed parakeet (Psittacula krameri) and turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) were analyzed to check parasitic prevalence. To record parasites these five avian species were placed kept in separate cages at Avian Conservation and Research Center, Department of Wildlife an Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan. 100 fecal and 100 blood samples for each bird species were inspected to analyze internal parasites. During present study, 17 species of endoparasites 14 from fecal samples and three from blood were examined. Two species of ectoparasites i.e. mite Dermanyssus gallinae 42% and fowl ticks Args persicus 41%were studied. Blood parasites included Plasmodium juxtanucleare 50%, Leucoctoyzoon simond having parasitic prevalence 40%, and Aegyptinella pullorum having parasitic prevalence of 40%. Parasitic species recorded from fecal samples included 6 species of nematodes viz. Allodpa suctoria 2%. Syngamus trachea with parasitic prevalence of 60%, Capillaria annulata 37.5%, Ascardia galli 24%, Capillaria anatis 40% and Heterakis gallinarum 28.3%. Similarly, two species of trematodes viz. Prosthogonimus ovatus having parasitic prevalence of 50% and Prosthogonimus macrorchis 21% were also documented from fecal avian samples . Single cestode species Raillietina echinobothrida having parasitic prevalence of 72% and 3 protozoan species i.e. Eimeria maxima having parasitic prevalence of 21%, Giardia lamblia 41% and Histomonas meleagridis 18% were documented during corpological analysis. In our recommendation, proper sanitation, medication and vaccination of bird's enclousres are suggested to avoid parasites.
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Genetic variations and phylogenetic relationship of genus Uromastyx from Punjab Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 84:e254253. [PMID: 34816973 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.254253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During the present study, specimens were collected from selected sites of Cholistan desert and Kalabagh Game Reserve, Punjab province, Pakistan. Each captured specimen was tagged with voucher number and morphometric measurements were taken. The average snout to vent length was 172.559±1.40 mm and average weight was 92.1±1.30 g. The DNA of Uromastyx hardwickii was amplified and sequenced using 16S rRNA primer set. The obtained DNA sequence has shown reliable and clear species identification. After trimming ambiguous bases, the obtained 16S rRNA fragment was 520 bp while 16S rRNA fragments aligned with closely matched sequence from NCBI comprised of 510 bp. Closely matched sequences of genus Uromastyx were retrieved from NCBI in blast searches. Neighbour-joining tree of genus Uromastyx was constructed based on p-distance using MEGA X. The mean intraspecific variation was 0.095±0.01 while intraspecific variation was ranging from 0-1%. Similarly, interspecific variation of Uromastyx hardwikii with Saara asmussi, Uromastyx alfredschmidti, Uromastyx geyri, Uromastyx thomasi, Uromastyx alfredschmidti was 0-12%, 0-19%, 0-19%, 0-20%, 12-19% respectively. The newly produced DNA was submitted to NCBI and accession number was obtained (MW052563.1). Results of current study provided information about the molecular and morphological identification of Genus Uromastyx. In our recommendation, comprehensive molecular based identification of Pakistan's reptiles is required to report any new or subspecies from country.
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Development of chitosan based microencapsulated spray dried powder of tuna fish oil: oil load impact and oxidative stability. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 84:e254010. [PMID: 34730703 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.254010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of fish oil concentration on the oxidative stability of microcapsules through the spray drying process using chitosan and maltodextrin as wall material was studied. Emulsions were prepared with different Tuna fish oil (TFO) content (TFO-10%, TFO20%, TF030% TF0-40%) while wall material concentration was kept constant. Microencapsulated powder resulting from emulsion prepared with high fish oil load have high moisture content, wettability, total oil and low encapsulation efficiency, hygroscopicity and bulk tapped density. Oxidative stability was evaluated periodically by placing microcapsules at room temperature. Microcapsules prepared with TFO-10% presented high oxidative stability in terms of peroxide value (2.94±0.04) and anisidine value (1.54±0.02) after 30 days of storage. It was concluded that optimal amounts of fish oil for microencapsulation are 10% and 20% using chitosan and maltodextrin that extended its shelf life during study period.
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Synthesis, characterization, anti-microbial and cytotoxic applications of zinc(II) complexes. B CHEM SOC ETHIOPIA 2021. [DOI: 10.4314/bcse.v35i2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT. In the present research, three zinc(II) complexes were synthesized using 3-(3-fluorophenyl)-2-methylacrylic acid (HL), 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2'-pyridine as ligands. The composition, structural confirmation, coordination way of ligand and assignment of geometry to the complexes were made by different analytical tools like elemental analysis, FTIR and 1H-NMR. The ligand 3-(3-fluorophenyl)-2-methylacrylate appeared to coordinate the metal (Zn) atom via COO- moiety in all of the complexes (1-3) while 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2'-pyridine co-ordinated to Zn(II) atom through N-donor sites in complexes 2 and 3, respectively. The complex 1 showed four while 2 and 3 showed six co-ordinated geometry. The synthesized complexes were evaluated for antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. The obtained results showed that complexes are active against microbial agents and exhibited significant cytotoxicity.
KEY WORDS: Co-coordination, Geometry, Zinc(II) complexes, Biological activity
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2021, 35(2), 287-299.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v35i2.6
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Retraction notice to "Young adults with myopia have lower concentrations of neuromodulators-dopamine and melatonin in serum and tear" [Exp. Eye Res. 209 (2021) 108684]. Exp Eye Res 2021; 209:108795. [PMID: 34686358 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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The inhibitory effect of Cannabis Sativa L. and Morus nigra L. against lipid peroxidation in goat liver and brain homogenates. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e247190. [PMID: 34669911 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.247190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidant potential and inhibitory effect ofCannabis sativa and Morus nigra against lipid peroxidation in goat brain and liver homogenates. The formation of free radicals, highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) is a normal metabolic process for cellular signaling and countering the antigens. However, they may cause serious damage if they produced at amplified tolls. In addition, metabolic disorders also serve as sources of these reactive species. Although the issue can be addressed through supplements and other phytochemicals. In this study, two plant species were evaluated for their biological potential by employing a spectrum of antioxidant assays. The antioxidant activity was performed by lipid peroxidation assay. The water extract prepared from leaves of Cannabis sativa and Morus nigra showed significant (P<0.05) inhibition as compared to control i.e., 522.6±0.06 and 659.97±0.03 µg/mL against iron-induced lipid peroxidation in goat brain homogenate while the inhibitions were 273.54±0.04 and 309.18±0.05 µg/mL against nitroprusside induced lipid peroxidation of the brain. The iron and nitroprusside induced lipid peroxidation was also significantly inhibited by leaf extracts of Cannabis sativa and Morus nigra in liver homogenates such as 230.63±0.52 and 326.91±0.01 µg/mL (iron-induced) while 300.47±0.07 and 300.47±0.07 µg/mL (nitroprusside induced), respectively. The extracts of Cannabis sativa extract showed promising activity (96.04±0.060%) against DPPH radicals while Morus nigra showed a moderate activity (34.11±0.120%). The results suggest that different accessions ofCannabis sativa and Morus nigra are a potential source of antioxidants and have a therapeutic effect against disease induced by oxidative stress and hence can be used for novel drug discovery and development.
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1085 Equestrian Related Pelvic and Acetabular Fractures – Experience from a Major Trauma Centre in England. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Equestrianism is enjoyed by three million people in the UK; however, there is a lack of literature on pelvic and acetabular (P&A) injuries incurred through the sport. We aim to describe P&A injuries sustained in equestrian accidents, discuss management, and establish their outcomes.
Method
Data was extracted from a prospectively collected database of referrals to the P&A Service of a Major Trauma Centre (MTC) from 01/01/2016 to 31/12/2020 and cross-referenced with medical records.
Results
60 of the 1,218 P&A referrals were secondary to horse-riding accidents. Mean age 45 (SD 16.59); 46 female; 33 managed non-operatively and 27 managed operatively at the MTC. There was sufficient information for 59 cases to be classified; 46 of the injuries were pelvic fractures (10 anterior-posterior compression; 29 lateral compression; 4 sacral and 3 pubic rami fractures) and 13 were acetabular (2 anterior column; 1 anterior wall; 2 associated both columns; 1 posterior column and posterior wall; 1 posterior wall; 2 T-shaped and 4 transverse fractures). The operative group were managed by examination under anaesthesia (n = 3), open reduction internal fixation (n = 22) or percutaneous fixation (n = 2). Mean hospitalisation was 9.2 days (SD 5.44). 81% were non-weight-bearing post-operatively and mean time to independent mobilisation was 12.6 weeks (SD 7.09). Return-to-riding information was available for 8 patients with a mean of 29.5 weeks (SD 11.55).
Conclusions
Equestrianism can result in significant P&A injuries. Patients should be counselled that they may have a long recovery, a protracted return-to-riding time and some may never return to the sport.
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579 Emergency Surgical Admissions During The COVID-19 Pandemic; Comparative Study of Emergency Surgery Outcome Before and During The COVID-19. Br J Surg 2021. [PMCID: PMC8524547 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction There are relatively few studies on emergency surgical practice in the COVID-19 pandemic. Our aim is to analyse the outcomes of emergency surgery before against those during COVID-19. Method Retrospectively we collected the emergency admissions to the general surgery department at a district general hospital during November 2019, which is a representative of our regular activity, and April 2020, the height of the COVID-19. The primary endpoint was the number and nature of surgical admissions and procedures. The secondary endpoints were morbidities and mortalities, laparoscopic and procedure approach (laparoscopic vs open), inflammatory markers (white cell count and C-reactive protein), hospital stay, gender and age. Results During the two months a total of 332 patients were admitted; 177 during November 2019 and 146 patients during April 2020. The mean age was 51 years in the November group and 49 years in the April group. 146 operations were conducted in November, while 117 procedures were performed in April. Hospital stay average was 5.87 days and 5.43 days for November and April groups, respectively. In the April group, seven patients tested positive for COVID-19. Mortality was slightly higher during April (2.05%) than November (1.6%). Postoperative complications, C-reactive protein level and prevalence of acute cholecystitis were much higher during April, while abscess and diverticulitis prevalence were significantly lower. Conclusions Morbidity, mortality and acute cholecystitis were significantly higher during the COVID-19 pandemic, while abscess and diverticulitis were significantly less prevalent likely due to and tendency by patients to avoid hospitals and hence late clinical presentation.
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5MO Prognostic intra-tumoural heterogeneity in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) is linked to evolution of tumour from normal in pancreatic cancer. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Phenotypic vs. genotypic resistance to fluoroquinolones in rifampicin-resistant TB. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2021; 25:861-863. [PMID: 34615584 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.21.0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Isolation and characterization of bacteria residing in the oral, gut, and fecal samples of different pheasant species. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e249159. [PMID: 34586192 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.249159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a paucity of research conducted on microbial prevalence in pheasants. The microbiota of captive birds has zoonotic significance and must be characterize. Present study is therefore planned to assess the microbiota from oral, fecal and gut content of captive avian species. It will be helpful in characterization of harmful microbes. Different samples taken from oral, gut and feces of ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus), green pheasants (Phasianus versicolor), golden pheasant (Chrysolophus pictus) and silver pheasant (Lophura nycthemera). Samples were collected, diluted, and inoculated onto different agar plates (MacConkey, SS agar, MSA and nutrient agar) for cultivation of bacterial species. Colonies of E.coli, Staphylococcus spp. Brachyspira spp. and Campylobacter spp were observed based on colony morphology. Colony forming unit showed E. coli as frequently found bacteria in fecal, oral and gut contents of all the above pheasants. The overall significance difference was found among bacterial species of golden pheasants, green pheasant, ring-necked pheasant, and silver pheasants. It was concluded that E.coli is predominant isolated from heathy pheasants followed by Campylobacter, Staphylococcus and Brachyspira.
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Wild birds trade in Dera Ismael Khan and Bannu divisions of Khyber PakhtunKhwa (KPK) Province, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e247915. [PMID: 34550285 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.247915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wildlife trade is a profitable economic activity. Birds are among the most heavily traded animals worldwide, with numerous species threatened by pet trade. The present case study was stretched for period of one year to find out the status of wild birds' trade in Bannu and Dera Ismael Khan Divisions. The study was aimed to find out the types of species, commercial prices of bird, trade routes, overall income generated from birds' trade and the status of dealers whether licensed or not. Bimonthly visits were conducted to interview 52 bird dealers/pet shops owners/venders (23 in Dera Ismael Khan and 29 in Bannu). A sum of 16 conceivable sites were visited during the study period. Out of these, 8 sites were located in Dera Ismael Khan and 8 sites in Bannu Division. The highest priced species was Demoiselle crane (Grus virgo) and the lowest priced species was house sparrow (Passer domesticus). Total number of species traded in both regions were 8 and 14 while the income generated by bird trade was amounting to PkR 1,322,200 and 7,128,950 in Dera Ismael Khan and Bannu respectively. Majority of the birds were trapped locally with the exception of few from adjacent areas. Commercial activity led by illegal bird traders was found 75% and 100% species in Dera Ismael Khan and Bannu respectively. There was no significant difference between prices of birds, number of species sold and income generated by bird trade in two divisions.
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