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Galmard L, Mari R, Noyelles L, Bettega G, Bouchet B, Escudier E, Tolsma V, Lartizien R. Replantation of a lip thrown in the bin. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg 2022; 123:81-84. [PMID: 33429064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Management of soft tissue avulsion after facial bites could be challenging in some situation. We presented the case of a 32 years old men suffering from a full thickness avulsion of the left lower lip and cheek after a dog bite. Even if the lip fragment was initially put on the bin, a microvascular replantation was performed. The vascularization was based on the left inferior labial artery. No veins were found. We used post-operative leech therapy to avoid venous congestion during 10 days. A large antibiotherapy was conducted. Adaptation of antibiotics blood concentration was also necessary due to the permanent bleeding caused by leech therapy. At the 6 month consultation, the patient recovered an impressive labial function and sensibility. Replantation gives the best functional and esthetical outcomes in these rare and complex cases. Artificial blood drainage, large antibiotic therapy and close post-operative follow-up are significant parts of the replantation success.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Galmard
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale, Centre Hospitalier d'Annecy Genevois, Annecy France; Faculté de Médecine, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble France
| | - R Mari
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale, Centre Hospitalier d'Annecy Genevois, Annecy France; Faculté de Médecine, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble France
| | - L Noyelles
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale, Centre Hospitalier d'Annecy Genevois, Annecy France
| | - G Bettega
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale, Centre Hospitalier d'Annecy Genevois, Annecy France
| | - B Bouchet
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale, Centre Hospitalier d'Annecy Genevois, Annecy France
| | - E Escudier
- Service de Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier d'Annecy Genevois, Annecy France
| | - V Tolsma
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses, Centre Hospitalier d'Annecy Genevois, Annecy France
| | - R Lartizien
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale, Centre Hospitalier d'Annecy Genevois, Annecy France; Faculté de Médecine, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble France.
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Polidori G, Elfahem R, Abbes B, Bogard F, Legrand F, Bouchet B, Beaumont F. Preliminary study on the effect of sex on skin cooling response during whole body cryostimulation (-110 °C): Modeling and prediction of exposure durations. Cryobiology 2020; 97:12-19. [PMID: 33130106 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In order to determine the required duration of whole-body exposure to extreme cold (-110 °C) in males and females for achieving the same cold-induced response, a mathematical model of skin cooling kinetics was developed. This modeling is derived from the implementation of a new experimental cryotherapy protocol to obtain continuous skin temperature maps over time. Each 3-min whole-body cryostimulation session was divided into six incremental sessions of 30 s carried out over six consecutive days. Seventeen young, healthy subjects (8 males aged 22.6 ±3.0 years and 9 females aged 23.7 ±4.7 years) agreed to participate in this study. The smallest sex-related difference in temperature was found in the trunk area (2.93 °C after 3 min) while the greatest temperature drop was found in the lower limbs (5.92 °C after 3 min). The largest temperature variation was observed between the trunk and the lower limbs, and peaked at 2.67 °C in males and 6.99 °C in females. For both sexes, skin cooling kinetics showed a strong transient exponential type decrease followed by linear regression behavior. It appeared that for achieving the same cold-induced response, the required duration of cryostimulation is longer for males. For example, a trunk skin cooling of -12 °C could be achieved in 125s for females vs 170s for males (+36% longer); for the lower limbs, the same skin cooling magnitude could be reached after 87s for females vs 140s for males (+62% longer).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Polidori
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Reims Champagne Ardenne, France
| | - R Elfahem
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Reims Champagne Ardenne, France
| | - B Abbes
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Reims Champagne Ardenne, France
| | - F Bogard
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Reims Champagne Ardenne, France
| | - F Legrand
- C2S, Cognition Health and Society, EA 6291, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, France
| | - B Bouchet
- Cryotera, 2 Rue Jules Méline, 51430, Bezannes, France
| | - F Beaumont
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Reims Champagne Ardenne, France.
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Legrand FD, Bogard F, Beaumont F, Bouchet B, Blancheteau Y, Polidori G. Affective response to whole-body cryotherapy: Influence of sex, body mass index, age, time of day, and past experience. Complement Ther Med 2020; 55:102539. [PMID: 33234406 PMCID: PMC7426209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Whole-Body Cryotherapy (WBC) has seen a recent surge in popularity with patients with inflammatory conditions, athletes, and even people seeking to improve general health and quality of life. WBC treatment usually requires participation in a dozen of 3-min long sessions. But compliance is considered difficult due to possible cold-induced unpleasant sensations. Based on hedonic psychology assumptions, ratings of pleasure-displeasure experienced during a taks or activity may be important to understand individual differences in attendance. METHODS Two hundred fifty nine customers from two French cryocenters took the Feeling Scale immediately after their first WBC session. RESULTS End affect appeared to be negatively valenced (M = -1.85, SD = 1.38, 95 % confidence interval: -2.02 to -1.68). Additional statistical analyses revealed a moderating influence of past experience, in women only. Similarly, BMI was found to be negatively associated with displeasure in women, but not in men. CONCLUSION These findings are discussed and further research directions are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- F D Legrand
- Cognition Health and Society, C2S (EA6291), University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.
| | - F Bogard
- UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - F Beaumont
- UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | | | - Y Blancheteau
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Clinalliance, Villiers-sur-Orge, France
| | - G Polidori
- UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
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Kasmi S, Filliard JR, Polidori G, Bouchet B, Blancheteau Y, Legrand FD. Effects of Whole-Body Cryostimulation (-90°C) on Somnolence and Psychological Well-Being in an Older Patient with Restless Legs Syndrome. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2019; 12:259-267. [PMID: 31515948 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed at evaluating the feasibility and effects of intense (i.e. -90°C) whole-body cryostimulation (WBC) on somnolence and psychological well-being in an older-adult patient diagnosed with restless legs syndrome (RLS). METHODS An interrupted time series approach was used in which the efficacy of cryostimulation was evaluated by measuring self-reported fatigue, wake time sleepiness, and well-being several times prior to, during, and after exposure to treatment (i.e. daily 3-min sessions of intense WBC). RESULTS No adverse event occurred. Reported levels of sleepiness decreased immediately following the beginning of the treatment phase. In the same time, self-reported well-being significantly increased. Effects sizes were of large magnitude. CONCLUSION In summary, the present study demonstrated that daily exposure to extremely cold air in an enclosed space for 2 weeks was feasible and effective in promoting physical and psychological states in an older patient with sleep disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kasmi
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - J-R Filliard
- National Institute of Sport, Expertise and Performance, INSEP, Paris, France
| | - G Polidori
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | | | | | - F D Legrand
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
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Bouchet B, Raoul G, Julieron B, Wojcik T. Functional and morphologic outcomes of CAD/CAM-assisted versus conventional microvascular fibular free flap reconstruction of the mandible: A retrospective study of 25 cases. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 119:455-460. [PMID: 30098447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mandibular reconstruction using fibula free flap has been improved in the last decade with computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) but any functional and aesthetic evaluation of their reattempts has been realized. Aim of this retrospective study is to compare functional and morphologic outcomes after mandibular reconstruction with fibula free flap using CAD/CAM or conventional peroperative shaping for mandible reconstruction. Moreover, we compared quality of life, patient and surgery characteristics in the two groups. PATIENTS AND METHODS We realized a monocentric retrospective analyzed of 25 cases of unilateral mandibular reconstruction divided in two groups, using CAD/CAM (12 patient) or conventional approach (13 patients) between April 2012 and March. Functional and aesthetic measurements were performed postoperatively. RESULTS Mouth opening, laterotrusion and protrusion of the mandible seemed to be improved in CAD/CAM group compared with conventional group but did not differ significantly. Quality of life, bite force, masticatory ability, eating and chewing satisfaction, appearance and social activity satisfaction did not differ significantly in the two groups. CONCLUSION Even if no superiority has been established for CAD/CAM group regarding functional and aesthetic outcomes, a prospective design of future studies and transdisciplinary approach should improve our data and their interpretations. Thus, the integration of virtual planning and guided surgery is definitely of significant value and must be considered in complex maxillofacial reconstructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bouchet
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Lille Teaching Hospital, Roger-Salengro Hospital, Lille Teaching Hospital, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - G Raoul
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Lille Teaching Hospital, Roger-Salengro Hospital, Lille Teaching Hospital, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - B Julieron
- Head and Neck Department, Oncologic Center Oscar-Lambret, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - T Wojcik
- Head and Neck Department, Oncologic Center Oscar-Lambret, 59000 Lille, France.
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Gaüzère BA, Malvy D, Aubry P, Brottet E, Jaffar-Bandjee MC, Filleul L, Vandroux D, Jabot J, Angue M, Belcour D, Bouchet B, Chanareille P, Gauvin T, Rakotoarisoa A, Halm A, Rakotomanga LM, Randrianarivo-Solofoniaina AE, Champion S, Lefort Y, Durasnel P, Lion F, Blondé R, Valyi L, Allyn J, Martinet O. Vingt-quatrième réunion du comité local de la Société de pathologie exotique, 18 mars 2014. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 2014; 107:199-203. [PMID: 38624281 PMCID: PMC7097729 DOI: 10.1007/s13149-014-0366-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B.-A. Gaüzère
- CHU de La Réunion, Site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS 11021, 97400 Saint-Denis, Réunion, France
- Centre René Labusquière, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - D. Malvy
- CHU de La Réunion, Site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS 11021, 97400 Saint-Denis, Réunion, France
| | - P. Aubry
- Centre René Labusquière, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - E. Brottet
- Cellule de l’institut de veille sanitaire en Région océan Indien, Saint-Denis, Réunion, France
| | - M.-C. Jaffar-Bandjee
- Laboratoire de virologie, CHU de La Réunion, site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS 11021, 97400 Saint-Denis, Réunion, France
| | - L. Filleul
- Cellule de l’institut de veille sanitaire en Région océan Indien, Saint-Denis, Réunion, France
| | - D. Vandroux
- CHU de La Réunion, Site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS 11021, 97400 Saint-Denis, Réunion, France
| | - J. Jabot
- CHU de La Réunion, Site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS 11021, 97400 Saint-Denis, Réunion, France
| | - M. Angue
- CHU de La Réunion, Site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS 11021, 97400 Saint-Denis, Réunion, France
| | - D. Belcour
- CHU de La Réunion, Site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS 11021, 97400 Saint-Denis, Réunion, France
| | - B. Bouchet
- CHU de La Réunion, Site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS 11021, 97400 Saint-Denis, Réunion, France
| | - P. Chanareille
- CHU de La Réunion, Site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS 11021, 97400 Saint-Denis, Réunion, France
| | - T. Gauvin
- CHU de La Réunion, Site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS 11021, 97400 Saint-Denis, Réunion, France
| | - A. Rakotoarisoa
- Direction de la veille sanitaire et de la surveillance épidémiologique, Ministère de la santé publique de Madagascar, Paris, France
| | - A. Halm
- Coordonnateur FETP/Surveillance Epidémiologique et Gestion des Alertes, Commission de l’Océan Indien, Paris, France
| | - L. M. Rakotomanga
- Service de la vaccination, Ministère de la santé publique de Madagascar, Paris, France
| | - A. E. Randrianarivo-Solofoniaina
- Direction de la veille sanitaire et de la surveillance épidémiologique, Ministère de la santé publique de Madagascar, Paris, France
| | - S. Champion
- CHU de La Réunion, Site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS 11021, 97400 Saint-Denis, Réunion, France
| | - Y. Lefort
- CHU de La Réunion, Site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS 11021, 97400 Saint-Denis, Réunion, France
| | - P. Durasnel
- Service de réanimation, Centre hospitalier de Mayotte, BP04, 97600 Mamoudzou, Mayotte
| | - F. Lion
- Service de réanimation, Centre hospitalier de Mayotte, BP04, 97600 Mamoudzou, Mayotte
| | - R. Blondé
- Service de réanimation, Centre hospitalier de Mayotte, BP04, 97600 Mamoudzou, Mayotte
| | - L. Valyi
- Service de réanimation, Centre hospitalier de Mayotte, BP04, 97600 Mamoudzou, Mayotte
| | - J. Allyn
- CHU de La Réunion, Site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS 11021, 97400 Saint-Denis, Réunion, France
| | - O. Martinet
- CHU de La Réunion, Site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS 11021, 97400 Saint-Denis, Réunion, France
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Roy V, Jabot J, Bouchet B, Delambre JF, Vandroux D. Réalisation d’une évacuation sanitaire sous ECLS par l’UMAC du CHR Félix Guyon de l’Île de La Réunion sur plus de 10 000km en avion et bateau. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 31:495-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annfar.2012.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Jabot J, Gaüzère BA, Drouet D, Bouchet B, Roussiaux A, Vandroux D. Des formes graves de grippe A(H1N1)v 2009 dans l’hémisphère Sud en 2010 : un avertissement pour l’hémisphère Nord ? Réanimation 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13546-011-0258-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Gaüzère BA, Bussienne F, Bouchet B, Jabot J, Roussiaux A, Drouet D, Djourhi S, Leauté B, Belcour D, Bossard G, Champion S, Jaffar-Bandjee MC, Belmonte O, Vilain P, Brottet E, Hoang L, Vandroux D. [Severe cases of A(H1N1)v2009 infection in Réunion Island in 2009 and 2010]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 104:97-104. [PMID: 21509522 PMCID: PMC7097782 DOI: 10.1007/s13149-011-0147-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dans l’hémisphère sud, La Réunion est la sentinelle des infections survenant préférentiellement au cours de l’hiver austral, susceptibles de gagner quelques mois plus tard l’hémisphère nord, telle l’infection à A(H1N1)v2009. Nous rapportons les caractéristiques des patients admis en 2009 et 2010 dans notre service de réanimation principalement pour détresse respiratoire aiguë, à la suite d’une infection à A(H1N1)v2009. Les données démographiques, cliniques, biologiques, ainsi que les traitements et le devenir des patients admis pour infection virale à A(H1N1)v2009 exclusivement confirmée par RT-PCR ont été recueillis de façon prospective. Au cours des années 2009 et 2010, 25 patients ont répondu aux critères définis d’infection à A(H1N1)v2009. L’âge médian était de 40,4 (±17,4) ans. La plupart d’entre eux (22/25) présentaient des facteurs de comorbidité: pathologies chroniques, surpoids ou obésité, grossesse, trisomie. Les principaux motifs d’admission en réanimation ont été les pneumonies virales avec tableau de syndrome de détresse respiratoire aiguë. Le recours à la ventilation artificielle a été nécessaire chez 22 des 25 patients, avec recours à des méthodes sophistiquées et réservées à quelques centres au niveau national, telles que les techniques d’oxygénation extracorporelle (ECMO) ou ventilation à haute fréquence (HFO). Au cours des deux années, 12 décès (48 %) sont survenus essentiellement dans des tableaux de défaillance multiviscérale. Au cours des hivers et automnes australs 2009 et 2010 et pendant une période de plusieurs semaines, l’infection à A(H1N1) v2009 a entraîné une surcharge d’activité notable dans les services de réanimation de La Réunion. L’échec de la campagne de vaccination, notamment des personnes à risques, a eu pour conséquence la survenue de nouveaux cas graves en 2010, notamment parmi les personnes à risques. Le recueil de ces données peut aider à la planification et à l’anticipation de la prise en charge d’autres épidémies grippales.
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Affiliation(s)
- B-A Gaüzère
- Service De Réanimation Polyvalente, Centre Hospitalier Félix-guyon, Chr Réunion, F-97405, Saint-Denis, France.
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Robert P, Jamme F, Barron C, Bouchet B, Saulnier L, Dumas P, Guillon F. Change in wall composition of transfer and aleurone cells during wheat grain development. Planta 2011; 233:393-406. [PMID: 21061017 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-010-1306-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In addition to the starchy endosperm, a specialized tissue accumulating storage material, the endosperm of wheat grain, comprises the aleurone layer and the transfer cells next to the crease. The transfer cells, located at the ventral region of the grain, are involved in nutrient transfer from the maternal tissues to the developing endosperm. Immunolabeling techniques, Raman spectroscopy, and synchrotron infrared micro-spectroscopy were used to study the chemistry of the transfer cell walls during wheat grain development. The kinetic depositions of the main cell wall polysaccharides of wheat grain endosperm, arabinoxylan, and (1-3)(1-4)-β-glucan in transfer cell walls were different from kinetics previously observed in the aleurone cell walls. While (1-3)(1-4)-β-glucan appeared first in the aleurone cell walls at 90°D, arabinoxylan predominated in the transfer cell walls from 90 to 445°D. Both aleurone and transfer cell walls were enriched in (1-3)(1-4)-β-glucan at the mature stage of wheat grain development. Arabinoxylan was more substituted in the transfer cell walls than in the aleurone walls. However, arabinoxylan was more feruloylated in the aleurone than in the transfer cell walls, whatever the stage of grain development. In the transfer cells, the ferulic acid was less abundant in the outer periclinal walls while para-coumarate was absent. Possible implications of such differences are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Robert
- INRA, UR1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, 44300, Nantes, France.
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Larré C, Penninck S, Bouchet B, Lollier V, Tranquet O, Denery-Papini S, Guillon F, Rogniaux H. Brachypodium distachyon grain: identification and subcellular localization of storage proteins. J Exp Bot 2010; 61:1771-83. [PMID: 20385545 PMCID: PMC2852671 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erq050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Revised: 01/28/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Seed storage proteins are of great importance in nutrition and in industrial transformation because of their functional properties. Brachypodium distachyon has been proposed as a new model plant to study temperate cereals. The protein composition of Brachypodium grain was investigated by separating the proteins on the basis of their solubility combined with a proteomic approach. Salt-soluble proteins as well as salt-insoluble proteins separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed 284 and 120 spots, respectively. Proteins from the major spots were sequenced by mass spectrometry and identified by searching against a Brachypodium putative protein database. Our analysis detected globulins and prolamins but no albumins. Globulins were represented mainly by the 11S type and their solubility properties corresponded to the glutelin found in rice. An in silico search for storage proteins returned more translated genes than expressed products identified by mass spectrometry, particularly in the case of prolamin type proteins, reflecting a strong expression of globulins at the expense of prolamins. Microscopic examination of endosperm cells revealed scarce small-size starch granules surrounded by protein bodies containing 11S globulins. The presence of protein bodies containing glutelins makes B. distachyon closer to rice or oat than to wheat endosperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Larré
- UR1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, INRA, F-44300 Nantes, France.
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Jamme F, Robert P, Bouchet B, Saulnier L, Dumas P, Guillon F. Aleurone cell walls of wheat grain: high spatial resolution investigation using synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy. Appl Spectrosc 2008; 62:895-900. [PMID: 18702863 DOI: 10.1366/000370208785284448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Infrared microspectroscopy and immunolabeling techniques were employed in order to obtain deeper insight into the biochemical nature of aleurone cell walls of wheat grain. The use of a synchrotron source, thanks to its intrinsic brightness, has provided unprecedented information at the level of a few micrometers and has allowed the discrimination of various polysaccharides in cell walls. The high spectral quality obtained in the small analyzed domain has been beneficial in estimating the relative proportions of beta-glucan and arabinoxylan, through the use of principal component analysis (PCA). The highest amount of beta-glucan is found in periclinal cell walls close to the starchy endosperm. The junction regions between aleurone cells are enriched in arabinoxylan. At the early stage of wheat grain development (271 degrees D), the chemical composition along the cell walls is more heterogeneous than at the mature stage. Both synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy and immunolabeling experiments made it possible to reveal the spatial heterogeneity of the various chemical compositions of aleurone cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Jamme
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, BP 48, Saint Aubin, F-91192, Gif-sur-yvette, France.
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Péron A, Svihus B, Gabriel I, Bérot S, Tanguy D, Bouchet B, Gomez J, Carré B. Effects of two wheat cultivars on physico-chemical properties of wheat flours and digesta from two broiler chicken lines (D+and D−) differing in digestion capacity. Br Poult Sci 2007; 48:370-80. [PMID: 17578701 DOI: 10.1080/00071660701341963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
1. The current experiment is the second part of a study about the effects of wheat quality on digestibility of pelleted diets for broiler chickens. In the first part, it was shown that a hard cultivar resulted in a negative effect on starch digestibility in two divergent lines of chickens (D+ and D-) selected for digestion capacity. The aim of this second part was to investigate the reasons for this negative effect of a hard cultivar (Baltimor) compared to a soft one (Scipion) in D+ and D- lines. 2. Proventriculus pepsin activity and pancreas proteolytic and amylolytic activities were estimated in 4 pools of birds: 'D+ line (Baltimor fed)', 'D+ line (Scipion fed)', 'D- line (Baltimor fed)' and 'D- line (Scipion fed)'. Results suggested the greatest amount of pepsin units per g BW for D+ birds and the lowest amount of pancreas proteolytic units per g BW for D+ birds fed Scipion wheat. Pancreas showed very similar alpha-amylase activities among treatments. 3. In vitro hydrolyses of wheat gluten proteins with proventriculus extracts from pools of D+ and D- birds did not show any differences between hard and soft cultivars, whatever the origin of pools. 4. Pepsin hydrolysis of fine (300 to 425 microm) and coarse (1180 to 1600 microm) fractions from wheat flours (Baltimor or Scipion) showed that the 30 min proteolysis rate was highest for the fine fraction in both cultivars. No difference was observed with extended hydrolysis time. 5. In vitro digestion simulation of whole wheat flours confirmed the results previously obtained in vivo, with a negative effect of hard cultivar on starch digestion rate and no effect on protein digestion. 6. Laser particle size analyses showed that ileum digesta from birds fed with hard wheat cultivar showed the highest proportion of coarse particles. 7. Microscopic analyses of D+ ileum digesta revealed that the concentration of undigested starch granules in the subaleurone area of wheat bran particles was the highest with hard cultivar. 8. The results suggested that physical entrapment of starch granules in coarse particles was a major explanation for decreased starch digestibility values in chickens fed hard wheat diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Péron
- Unité de Recherches Avicoles, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Nouzilly, France
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Le Bourvellec C, Bouchet B, Renard CMGC. Non-covalent interaction between procyanidins and apple cell wall material. Part III: Study on model polysaccharides. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2005; 1725:10-8. [PMID: 16023787 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2005.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2004] [Revised: 12/17/2004] [Accepted: 06/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The adsorption of condensed tannins (procyanidins) of varying degrees of polymerisation and percentage of galloylation on solid polysaccharides substrates was quantified using the Langmuir isotherms formulation. Pectins and xyloglucans, which are soluble polysaccharides, were first cross-linked by, respectively, dibromopropane and epichlorohydrin to obtain insoluble covalent gels. Cellulose and starch, being insoluble in the buffer solution at room temperature, were used as bought. Apparent affinity constants obtained for the pure polysaccharides were as follows: pectin>>xyloglucan>starch>cellulose. The apparent affinity constants increased with the molecular weight of the procyanidins, except with cellulose. Higher affinities were obtained with pectin, a polysaccharide having the ability to develop a gel-like network, forming hydrophobic pockets able to encapsulate procyanidins. Filamentous and globular polysaccharides, like cellulose and xyloglucan, bound procyanidins weakly. Higher apparent saturation levels were obtained for cellulose and xyloglucans, the arrangement of which would favour cooperativity and stacking. Pectin had lower saturation levels probably due to a steric hindrance effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Le Bourvellec
- Unité de Recherches Cidricoles, Biotransformation des Fruits et Légumes, INRA, 35653 Le Rheu Cédex, France
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Dauvillée D, Colleoni C, Mouille G, Buléon A, Gallant DJ, Bouchet B, Morell MK, d'Hulst C, Myers AM, Ball SG. Two loci control phytoglycogen production in the monocellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Physiol 2001; 125:1710-22. [PMID: 11299352 PMCID: PMC88828 DOI: 10.1104/pp.125.4.1710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2000] [Revised: 11/30/2000] [Accepted: 01/04/2001] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The STA8 locus of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was identified in a genetic screen as a factor that controls starch biosynthesis. Mutations of STA8 cause a significant reduction in the amount of granular starch produced during nutrient limitation and accumulate phytoglycogen. The granules remaining in sta8 mutants are misshapen, and the abundance of amylose and long chains in amylopectin is altered. Mutations of the STA7 locus, which completely lack isoamylase activity, also cause accumulation of phytoglycogen, although sta8 and sta7 mutants differ in that there is a complete loss of granular starch in the latter. This is the first instance in which mutations of two different genetic elements in one plant species have been shown to cause phytoglycogen accumulation. An analytical procedure that allows assay of isoamylase in total extracts was developed and used to show that sta8 mutations cause a 65% reduction in the level of this activity. All other enzymes known to be involved in starch biosynthesis were shown to be unaffected in sta8 mutants. The same amount of total isoamylase activity (approximately) as that present in sta8 mutants was observed in heterozygous triploids containing two sta7 mutant alleles and one wild-type allele. This strain, however, accumulates normal levels of starch granules and lacks phytoglycogen. The total level of isoamylase activity, therefore, is not the major determinant of whether granule production is reduced and phytoglycogen accumulates. Instead, a qualitative property of the isoamylase that is affected by the sta8 mutation is likely to be the critical factor in phytoglycogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Dauvillée
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique, Unité Mixte de Recherche du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, No. 8576, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex, France
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Herbert S, Riaublanc A, Bouchet B, Gallant D, Dufour E. Fluorescence Spectroscopy Investigation of Acid-or Rennet-Induced Coagulation of Milk. J Dairy Sci 1999. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(99)75446-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Colleoni C, Mouille G, Gallant D, Bouchet B, Morell M, Samuel M, Delrue B, d'Hulst C, Bliard C, Nuzillard JM, Ball S. Genetic and biochemical evidence for the involvement of alpha-1,4 glucanotransferases in amylopectin synthesis. Plant Physiol 1999; 120:993-1004. [PMID: 10444082 PMCID: PMC59358 DOI: 10.1104/pp.120.4.993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/1999] [Accepted: 05/17/1999] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We describe a novel mutation in the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii STA11 gene, which results in significantly reduced granular starch deposition and major modifications in amylopectin structure and granule shape. This defect simultaneously leads to the accumulation of linear malto-oligosaccharides. The sta11-1 mutation causes the absence of an alpha-1,4 glucanotransferase known as disproportionating enzyme (D-enzyme). D-enzyme activity was found to be correlated with the amount of wild-type allele doses in gene dosage experiments. All other enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis, including ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, debranching enzymes, soluble and granule-bound starch synthases, branching enzymes, phosphorylases, alpha-glucosidases (maltases), and amylases, were unaffected by the mutation. These data indicate that the D-enzyme is required for normal starch granule biogenesis in the monocellular alga C. reinhardtii.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Colleoni
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique, Unite Mixte de Recherche du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique no. 8576, Universite des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve D'Ascq cedex France (C.C., D.D., G.M., B.D., C.d.H., S.B.)
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Dauvillée D, Colleoni C, Shaw E, Mouille G, D'Hulst C, Morell M, Samuel MS, Bouchet B, Gallant DJ, Sinskey A, Ball S. Novel, starch-like polysaccharides are synthesized by an unbound form of granule-bound starch synthase in glycogen-accumulating mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Physiol 1999; 119:321-30. [PMID: 9880375 PMCID: PMC32236 DOI: 10.1104/pp.119.1.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/1998] [Accepted: 10/16/1998] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In vascular plants, mutations leading to a defect in debranching enzyme lead to the simultaneous synthesis of glycogen-like material and normal starch. In Chlamydomonas reinhardtii comparable defects lead to the replacement of starch by phytoglycogen. Therefore, debranching was proposed to define a mandatory step for starch biosynthesis. We now report the characterization of small amounts of an insoluble, amylose-like material found in the mutant algae. This novel, starch-like material was shown to be entirely dependent on the presence of granule-bound starch synthase (GBSSI), the enzyme responsible for amylose synthesis in plants. However, enzyme activity assays, solubilization of proteins from the granule, and western blots all failed to detect GBSSI within the insoluble polysaccharide matrix. The glycogen-like polysaccharides produced in the absence of GBSSI were proved to be qualitatively and quantitatively identical to those produced in its presence. Therefore, we propose that GBSSI requires the presence of crystalline amylopectin for granule binding and that the synthesis of amylose-like material can proceed at low levels without the binding of GBSSI to the polysaccharide matrix. Our results confirm that amylopectin synthesis is completely blocked in debranching-enzyme-defective mutants of C. reinhardtii.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Dauvillée
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique, Unité Mixte de Recherche du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifiquen no. 8576, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex, France
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Simon L, Bouchet B, Bremond K, Gallant DJ, Bouchonneau M. Studies on pullulan extracellular production and glycogen intracellular content in Aureobasidium pullulans. Can J Microbiol 1998. [DOI: 10.1139/w98-115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pullulan is a well known extracellular polysaccharidic product of the hyphomycete Aureobasidium pullulans coming into more and more frequent use in commercial and industrial applications. Nevertheless, its cellular origin and biosynthesis pathways still remain uncertain. As pullulan synthesis is increasing while glycogen production is decreasing during growth, it should be possible that the kinetics of production of both polysaccharides, whose cellular locations differ, might be correlated. To check this hypothesis, we have performed biochemical analyses and microscopic studies of the biomass removed at regular intervals during growth. The ultrastructural data have shown that glycogen units were present in all the different cellular types (conidia, swollen cells, chlamydospores) and at all the stages of cellular development. Moreover, analytical studies have shown that glycogen level is time dependent, decreasing in the early exponential stage, whereas the extracellular pullulan content increases. The correlation coefficient (r) calculated between intracellular glycogen and extracellular pullulan levels by the chi2 method suggests that these products are inversely correlated. Ultrastructural and confocal fluorescence data indicate that glycolipids could be implicated in the pullulan biosynthetic pathway.Key words: Aureobasidium pullulans, pullulan, glycogen, metabolism, microscopy.
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Hoebler C, Karinthi A, Devaux MF, Guillon F, Gallant DJ, Bouchet B, Melegari C, Barry JL. Physical and chemical transformations of cereal food during oral digestion in human subjects. Br J Nutr 1998; 80:429-36. [PMID: 9924264 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114598001494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Chemical and physical transformations of solid food begin in the mouth, but the oral phase of digestion has rarely been studied. In the present study, twelve healthy volunteers masticated mouthfuls of either bread or spaghetti for a physiologically-determined time, and the levels of particle degradation and starch digestion before swallowing were compared for each food. The amounts of saliva moistening bread and spaghetti before swallowing were, respectively, 220 (SEM 12) v. 39 (SEM 6) g/kg fresh matter. Particle size reduction also differed since bread particles were highly degraded, showing a loss of structure, whereas spaghetti retained its physical structure, with rough and incomplete reduction of particle size. Starch hydrolysis was twice as high for bread as for spaghetti, mainly because of the release of high-molecular-mass alpha-glucans. The production of oligosaccharides was similar after mastication of the two foods, respectively 125 (SEM 8) and 92 (SEM 7) g/kg total starch. Starch hydrolysis, which clearly began in the mouth, depended on the initial structure of the food, as in the breakdown of solid food. These significant physical and chemical degradations of solid foods during oral digestion may influence the entire digestive process.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hoebler
- INRA, Laboratory of Applied Technology and Nutrition, Nantes, France.
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Fardet A, Baldwin PM, Bertrand D, Bouchet B, Gallant DJ, Barry JL. Textural Images Analysis of Pasta Protein Networks to Determine Influence of Technological Processes. Cereal Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem.1998.75.5.699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Fardet
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratoire des Fonctions digestives et de Nutrition Humaine Rue de la Géraudière, B.P.71627, 44316 Nantes Cédex 03, France
| | - P. M. Baldwin
- INRA, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Technologie des Glucides
| | - D. Bertrand
- INRA, Laboratoire de Physique et Technologie des Végétaux
| | - B. Bouchet
- INRA, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Technologie des Glucides
| | - D. J. Gallant
- INRA, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Technologie des Glucides
| | - J.-L. Barry
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratoire des Fonctions digestives et de Nutrition Humaine Rue de la Géraudière, B.P.71627, 44316 Nantes Cédex 03, France
- Corresponding author. E-mail: Phone: +33 (0) 2 02 40 67 50 20. Fax: +33 (0) 2 02 40 67 50 12
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Bouchet B, Legros D, Lee E. Key indicators for the monitoring and evaluation of control programmes of human African trypanosomiasis due to Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. Trop Med Int Health 1998; 3:474-81. [PMID: 9657510 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3156.1997.00258.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Very little research has been devoted to the design of epidemiological tools for the monitoring and evaluation of National Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) Control Programmes and daily management decisions are made in the absence of accurate knowledge of the situation. This paper identifies key indicators necessary to make decisions in the field and constantly adjust control activities to changing situations. Examples are derived from the Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) HAT Control Programme in Adjumani, Uganda. Based on the principles of quality assurance, the focus is placed on process indicators. A conceptual framework derived from a system view/planning cycle perspective is also described for the construction of indicators. Finally, some specific challenging aspects of the epidemiology of HAT are presented and the limitations of the interpretation of the indicators discussed.
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Noah L, Guillon F, Bouchet B, Buléon A, Molis C, Gratas M, Champ M. Digestion of carbohydrate from white beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in healthy humans. J Nutr 1998; 128:977-85. [PMID: 9614157 DOI: 10.1093/jn/128.6.977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistant starch (RS) is thought to be present in large amounts in legume seeds; however, it has never been quantified in healthy humans. RS from cooked (atmospheric pressure) white beans was quantified in humans and pigs, and characterized to explain its low digestibility. Six human volunteers were intubated to collect ileal digesta after an experimental meal composed of orange juice, butter and 167 g beans (dry matter basis). The reliability of the intubation method was examined in a pig study in which it was compared with another collection method, ileal cannulation. Chemical analyses, microscopy and size exclusion chromatography were performed on human and pig digesta. The pig study showed that the intubation method may underestimate the quantity of RS. However, no chemical/physical difference was observed between the RS collected by the two techniques. In the human study, 16.5 +/- 1.3% (11.3 g) of the ingested starch was recovered as RS. The microscopy of the digesta showed that part of the RS was enclosed in the cell walls. Although the RS was composed mainly of alpha-glucan molecules with a degree of polymerization (DP) 40 to 60, oligosaccharides and large molecules of DP > 400 were also present. Retrogradation was not found to be the main factor responsible for starch malabsorption. We conclude that white beans may contain a large amount of RS formed mainly by partially degraded molecules protected by the cell walls during their transit through the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Noah
- Laboratoire de Technologie Appliquée à la Nutrition, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, BP 71627, 44316 Nantes Cédex 03, France
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Simon L, Bouchet B, Bremond K, Gallant D, Bouchonneau M. Studies on pullulan extracellular production and glycogen intracellular content in <i>Aureobasidium pullulans</i>. Can J Microbiol 1998. [DOI: 10.1139/cjm-44-12-1193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Buléon A, Gallant DJ, Bouchet B, Mouille G, D'Hulst C, Kossmann J, Ball S. Starches from A to C. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a model microbial system to investigate the biosynthesis of the plant amylopectin crystal. Plant Physiol 1997; 115:949-57. [PMID: 9390431 PMCID: PMC158558 DOI: 10.1104/pp.115.3.949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Wide-angle powder x-ray diffraction analysis was carried out on starch extracted from wild-type and mutant Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells. Strains containing no defective starch synthases as well as mutants carrying a disrupted granule-bound starch synthase structural gene displayed the A type of diffraction pattern with a high degree of crystallinity. Mutants carrying a defect for the major soluble starch synthase (SSS), SSS II, were characterized by a switch to the B type of diffraction pattern with very low crystallinity. Mutant strains carrying SSS I as the only glucan elongation enzyme regained some of their crystallinity but switched to the C type of diffraction pattern. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis correlated tightly with the x-ray diffraction results. Together with the electron microscopy analyses, these results establish C. reinhardtii as a microbial model system displaying all aspects of cereal starch synthesis and structure. We further show that SSS II is the major enzyme involved in the synthesis of crystalline structures in starch and demonstrate that SSS I alone builds a new type of amylopectin structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Buléon
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Recherches Agroalimentaires, Nantes, France
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Faisant N, Gallant DJ, Bouchet B, Champ M. Banana starch breakdown in the human small intestine studied by electron microscopy. Eur J Clin Nutr 1995; 49:98-104. [PMID: 7743990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the origin of the poor digestibility of banana starch granules in the human small intestine. DESIGN The subjects received the same experimental meal. SETTING Nutrition Research Unit, Laënnec Hospital, CHU, Nantes. SUBJECTS Six healthy young subjects. INTERVENTIONS The digestion of raw green banana flour in the upper part of the gut was studied by the intubation technique. After ingestion of 30 g banana flour mixed with a complex meal, ileal samples were continuously collected during 14 h. In order to determine the structural nature of this resistant starch, the dried ileal samples were observed with scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Transmission electron microscopy was performed after treatment with periodic acid-thiosemicarbazide-silver nitrate. RESULTS Banana starch proved very resistant to in vivo amylase hydrolysis since 84% of the starch ingested reached the terminal ileum. The microscopic observations showed that raw banana flour contained irregularly shaped dense starch granules with smooth surfaces. After their passage through the small intestine, starch granules appeared exocorroded, with porous surfaces, and some exhibited several irregular pits, crevices or holes by which the enzymes had penetrated and hydrolysed the inner part. Cell walls closely associated with starch granules could have hindered enzyme access to starch. CONCLUSIONS Encapsulation could be partly responsible for the low digestibility of starch in banana flour, together with the intrinsic resistance of banana starch granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Faisant
- Laboratoire de Technologie Appliquée à la Nutrition I.N.R.A., BP 1627, Nantes, France
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Simon L, Bouchet B, Caye-Vaugien C, Gallant DJ. Pullulan elaboration and differentiation of the resting forms in Aureobasidium pullulans. Can J Microbiol 1995. [DOI: 10.1139/m95-005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To identify the cellular forms that are responsible for the synthesis of pullulan produced by Aureobasidium pullulans, we performed cytochemical and ultrastructural localizations of glucan in the cellular forms of this microorganism (blastospores and resting forms). Growth conditions, cell populations, and pullulan production were studied concurrently. Our results are consistent with a model in which the resting forms (swollen cells and chlamydospores) might be primarily involved in this extracellular polysaccharide elaboration. At the cellular level, pullulan production could be the result of three main stages: (i) cell wall thickening and extracellular polysaccharide synthesis by the swollen cell, (ii) fibrillar arrangement of this polysaccharide into pullulan along a capsular network around the chlamydospore, and (iii) subcellular hydrolysis separating the capsule from the periplasmic zone and consequently permitting the solubilization of pullulan in the culture medium. A melanization process in the outer layer of the cell wall and the capsule accompanies these patterns.Key words: Aureobasidium pullulans, capsule, cytochemistry, polysaccharide, pullulan, resting forms.
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Somme V, Flori A, Bouchet B, Bues-Charbit M, Balansard G, Gallais H. [Evaluation of medication costs in hospitalization of AIDS patients]. J Pharm Belg 1994; 49:479-97. [PMID: 7884637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the global pharmaceutical cost of AIDS patients hospitalized in a ward of infectious diseases in Marseille. They were 209 patients at various clinical stages of HIV infection receiving or not AZT or another specific drugs. All of the 319 hospitalization stays entailed a pharmaceutical cost of 1,065,593 FF for year 1990. A detailed analysis of the therapies, excepted for AZT, determined very large expenses of anti-infectious, hypnotics and other patent drugs of gastroenterology, pneumology, stomatology and toxicology. The study showed that the total drug cost increased with the hospitalization duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Somme
- Pharmacie Hôpital Nord, Marseille
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Gallant DJ, Bouchet B, Buléon A, Pérez S. Physical characteristics of starch granules and susceptibility to enzymatic degradation. Eur J Clin Nutr 1992; 46 Suppl 2:S3-16. [PMID: 1330527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Starch, the most abundant component of the diet, is characterized by its variety as well as the versatility of its derivatives in foods. This paper is an overview of the main physical characteristics of the native starch granule. Three different levels of organization are presented: macromolecular structure, crystalline organization and ultrastructure. Starch consists of amylose and amylopectin. Amylose is an essentially linear polymer composed of alpha-1,4-linked D-anhydroglucose units (AGU); amylopectin is a branched polymer clustering a large amount of short linear chains by the linkage of alpha-1,6-bonds, constituting about 5% of the total glycosidic bonds. In the native starch granules, a large number of the macromolecular chains are organized in crystalline structures. Three forms have been found, the A, B and C patterns. So far only A and B starch crystals have been modelled. There is a variation in the susceptibility of the starch granules to enzymatic digestion. This is explained by variation in the morphology of the granules and their crystalline organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Gallant
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Recherches Agroalimentaires, Nantes, France
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Andrieux C, Pacheco ED, Bouchet B, Gallant D, Szylit O. Contribution of the digestive tract microflora to amylomaize starch degradation in the rat. Br J Nutr 1992; 67:489-99. [PMID: 1377949 DOI: 10.1079/bjn19920053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
To study in vivo the contribution of the bacterial flora to amylomaize starch degradation in the rat, germ-free and conventional rats were fed on a diet containing either a normal maize starch or an amylomaize starch. In germ-free rats maize starch was almost totally digested in the small intestine, whereas 40% of the ingested amylomaize starch reached the caecum and 30% was excreted, despite the very high endogenous amylase activity. Study by transmission electron microscopy of germ-free caecal contents showed an endocorrosion of the starch granule. In conventional rats, as in germ-free rats, digestibility of maize starch reached 98% in the small intestine, whereas that of amylomaize starch was only 60%. In the caecum of these rats amylomaize starch was fermented, and this led to a decrease in caecal pH and to formation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), especially propionate. Comparison between conventional rats fed on maize starch or amylomaize starch showed that caecal SCFA concentrations during a circadian cycle varied in the same way whereas total SCFA and lactic acid concentrations were much higher in rats fed on amylomaize starch. Amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) activity was similar in the caecal contents of conventional rats whatever the ingested starch. It was lower in conventional than in germ-free rats, but no starch granule remained in the caecum of conventional rats. These results showed that bacterial amylase was more efficient at degrading resistant amylomaize starch than endogenous amylase.
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Dany F, Lathelize M, Brutus P, Kim M, Christidès C, Kalfon M, Bouchet B. [Partial interruption of the inferior vena cava. More restrictive indications? Apropos of 176 cases]. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 1982; 75:479-87. [PMID: 6808957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Gallant DJ, Bewa H, Buy QH, Bouchet B, Szylit O, Sealy L. On Ultrastructural and Nutritional Aspects of Some Tropical Tuber Starches. STARCH-STARKE 1982. [DOI: 10.1002/star.19820340803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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34
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Moulin G, Bouchet B, Dos Santos G. [Anetodermic cutaneous changes above Malherbe's tumors (author's transl)]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 1978; 105:43-7. [PMID: 646308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and histological anetoderma-like changes of the skin above Malherbe's tumor (pilomatricoma) may be of diagnostic value since they have been observed 5 times in a series of 22 consecutive cases. The histological study of 46 cases of Malherbe's tumor shows a high incidence of dermal atrophy and decrease of elastic fibers in reticular dermis above the tumor, a possible consequence of cellular infiltrates surrounding the tumor and seen in half our cases.
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Moulin G, David M, Bouchet B, Monier D, Lamaud M. [Giant osteohypoplastic angioma venosum with hemodynamic repercussion and consumption coagulopathy]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 1977; 104:479-81. [PMID: 900762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Moulin G, David M, Bouchet B, Monier D, Lamaud M. [Giant osteo-hypoplastic venous angioma with hemodynamic repercussions and consumption coagulopathy]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 1977; 104:479-81. [PMID: 921183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Colomb D, Vittori F, Bréchard JL, Bouchet B. [Porphyria cutanea tarda with a rare localization of hypertrichosis (faun tail)]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 1977; 104:413-4. [PMID: 921170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Moulin G, Bouchet B, Poupon P. [Reticulate erythema with mucinosis (R. E. M. Steigleder syndrome) (author's transl)]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 1977; 104:309-11. [PMID: 407829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We described a case similar to the four cases reported by Steigleder, Gartman and Linker in 1974 and entitled: "R.E.M. syndrome reticular erythematous mucinosis, a new entity?". In our case, clinical and histological findings were strictly identical to those previously reported. Furthermore, we detected no antibodies in the cutaneous lesions.
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Moulin G, Bouchet B, Berthoux F. [Post-scabies glomerulonephritis]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 1977; 104:81. [PMID: 843040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Bouchet B, De Fouquet J, Aguillon M. Influence de l'environnement sur les facies de rupture par fatigue d'eprouvettes monocristallines et polycristallines d'alliage Al-Cu 4%. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1975. [DOI: 10.1016/0001-6160(75)90141-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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