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Nabgan W, Nabgan B, Tuan Abdullah TA, Ikram M, Jadhav AH, Ali MW, Jalil AA. Hydrogen and value-added liquid fuel generation from pyrolysis-catalytic steam reforming conditions of microplastics waste dissolved in phenol over bifunctional Ni-Pt supported on Ti-Al nanocatalysts. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2021.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Nabgan W, Saeed M, Jalil AA, Nabgan B, Gambo Y, Ali MW, Ikram M, Fauzi AA, Owgi AHK, Hussain I, Thahe AA, Hu X, Hassan NS, Sherryna A, Kadier A, Mohamud MY. A state of the art review on electrochemical technique for the remediation of pharmaceuticals containing wastewater. Environ Res 2022; 210:112975. [PMID: 35196501 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical wastewater is a frequent kind of wastewater with high quantities of organic pollutants, although little research has been done in the area. Pharmaceutical wastewaters containing antibiotics and high salinity may impair traditional biological treatment, resulting in the propagation of antibiotic resistance genes. The potential for advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) to break down hazardous substances instead of present techniques that essentially transfer contaminants from wastewater to sludge, a membrane filter, or an adsorbent has attracted interest. Among a variety of AOPs, electrochemical systems are a feasible choice for treating pharmaceutical wastewater. Many electrochemical approaches exist now to remediate rivers polluted by refractory organic contaminants, like pharmaceutical micro-pollutants, which have become a severe environmental problem. The first part of this investigation provides the bibliometric analysis of the title search from 1970 to 2021 for keywords such as wastewater and electrochemical. We have provided information on relations between keywords, countries, and journals based on three fields plot, inter-country co-authorship network analysis, and co-occurrence network visualization. The second part introduces electrochemical water treatment approaches customized to these very distinct discarded flows, containing how processes, electrode materials, and operating conditions influence the results (with selective highlighting cathode reduction and anodic oxidation). This section looks at how electrochemistry may be utilized with typical treatment approaches to improve the integrated system's overall efficiency. We discuss how electrochemical cells might be beneficial and what compromises to consider when putting them into practice. We wrap up our analysis with a discussion of known technical obstacles and suggestions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Nabgan
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - M Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - A A Jalil
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - B Nabgan
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Y Gambo
- Chemical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - M W Ali
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - M Ikram
- Solar Cell Applications Research Lab, Department of Physics, Government College University Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - A A Fauzi
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - A H K Owgi
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - I Hussain
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Asad A Thahe
- Department of X- Ray and Sonar, Faculty Of Medical Technology, AL-Kitab University, Iraq
| | - Xun Hu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - N S Hassan
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - A Sherryna
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Abudukeremu Kadier
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Urumqi, 830011, China.
| | - M Y Mohamud
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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Nabgan W, Nabgan B, Ikram M, Jadhav AH, Ali MW, Ul-Hamid A, Nam H, Lakshminarayana P, Kumar A, Bahari MB, Khusnun NF. Synthesis and catalytic properties of calcium oxide obtained from organic ash over a titanium nanocatalyst for biodiesel production from dairy scum. Chemosphere 2022; 290:133296. [PMID: 34914962 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) production from dairy effluent scum as a sustainable energy source using CaO obtained from organic ash over titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TNPs) as the transesterification nano-catalyst has been studied. The physical and chemical properties of the synthesized catalysts were characterized, and the effect of different experimental factors on the biodiesel yield was studied. It was revealed that the CaO-TiO2 nano-catalyst displayed bifunctional properties, has both basic and acid phases, and leads to various effects on the catalyst activity in the transesterification process. These bifunctional properties are critical for achieving simultaneous transesterification of dairy scum oil feedstock. According to the reaction results, the catalyst without and with a low ratio of TNPs showed a low catalytic activity. In contrast, the 3Ca-3Ti nano-catalyst had the highest catalytic activity and a strong potential for reusability, producing a maximum biodiesel yield of 97.2% for a 3 wt% catalyst, 1:20 oil to methanol molar ratio for the dairy scum, and a reaction temperature of 70 °C for a period of 120 min under a 300 kPa pressure. The physical properties of the produced biodiesel are within the EN14214 standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Nabgan
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Bahador Nabgan
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Ikram
- Solar Cell Applications Research Lab, Department of Physics, Government College University Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Arvind H Jadhav
- Centre for Nano and Material Science, JAIN University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, 562112, Karnataka, India.
| | - Mohamad Wijayanuddin Ali
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Anwar Ul-Hamid
- Core Research Facilities, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hyungseok Nam
- Greenhouse Gas Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Dajeon, 34129, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ankit Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Mahadi B Bahari
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Farahain Khusnun
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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Nabgan W, Nabgan B, Tuan Abdullah TA, Ikram M, Jadhav AH, Jalil AA, Ali MW. Highly Active Biphasic Anatase-Rutile Ni-Pd/TNPs Nanocatalyst for the Reforming and Cracking Reactions of Microplastic Waste Dissolved in Phenol. ACS Omega 2022; 7:3324-3340. [PMID: 35128243 PMCID: PMC8811771 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Solvent-based recycling of plastic can offer the main improvement when it is employed for pyrolysis-catalytic steam reforming. In this research, plastic waste dissolved in phenol was used as a feed for catalytic cracking and steam reforming reactions for valuable liquid fuels and hydrogen production, which is gaining the attention of researchers globally. Microplastic wastes (MPWs) are tiny plastic particles that arise due to product creation and breakdown of larger plastics. They can be found mainly in several habitats, including seas and freshwater ecosystems. MPWs harm aquatic species, turtles, and birds and were chosen to recover in this study that can be reacted on the catalyst surface. Biphasic anatase-rutile TiO2 with spherical-shaped support for Ni and Pd metals with nanosized particles was synthesized via the hydrothermal treatment method, and its chemical and physical properties were characterized accordingly. According to temperature-programmed desorption of carbon dioxide (CO2-TPD) and temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H2-TPR) results, the incorporation of Pd into Ni/TNPs enhanced the basicity of the support surface and the redox properties of catalysts, which were strongly linked to the improved hydrogen yield (71%) and phenol conversion (79%) at 600 °C. The Ni-Pd/TNPs nanocatalyst, with remarkable stability for 72 h of time on stream, is a promising catalyst for the MPW-phenol cracking and steam reforming reactions toward H2 production for clean energy generation and other environmental applications. Besides, this study has also highlighted the opportunities of overcoming the risk of microplastic waste and converting it into valuable fuels such as decamethyltetrasiloxane, phenanthrene, methyl palmitate, benzenepropanoic acid, benzoic acid, azulene, xanthene, anisole, biphenyl, phthalic acid, diisooctyl phthalate, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Nabgan
- School
of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- Centre
of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Bahador Nabgan
- School
of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- Centre
of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Tuan Amran Tuan Abdullah
- School
of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- Centre
of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Ikram
- Solar
Cell Applications Research Lab, Department of Physics, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Punjab 54000, Pakistan
| | - Arvind H. Jadhav
- Centre
for Nano and Material Science, JAIN University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore 562112, Karnataka, India
| | - Aishah Abdul Jalil
- School
of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- Centre
of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Wijayanuddin Ali
- School
of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- Centre
of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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Nabgan W, Jalil AA, Nabgan B, Ikram M, Ali MW, Lakshminarayana P. A state of the art overview of carbon-based composites applications for detecting and eliminating pharmaceuticals containing wastewater. Chemosphere 2022; 288:132535. [PMID: 34648794 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The growing prevalence of new toxins in the environment continues to cause widespread concerns. Pharmaceuticals, organic pollutants, heavy metal ions, endocrine-disrupting substances, microorganisms, and others are examples of persistent organic chemicals whose effects are unknown because they have recently entered the environment and are displaying up in wastewater treatment facilities. Pharmaceutical pollutants in discharged wastewater have become a danger to animals, marine species, humans, and the environment. Although their presence in drinking water has generated significant concerns, little is known about their destiny and environmental effects. As a result, there is a rising need for selective, sensitive, quick, easy-to-handle, and low-cost early monitoring detection systems. This study aims to deliver an overview of a low-cost carbon-based composite to detect and remove pharmaceutical components from wastewater using the literature reviews and bibliometric analysis technique from 1970 to 2021 based on the web of science (WoS) database. Various pollutants in water and soil were reviewed, and different methods were introduced to detect pharmaceutical pollutants. The advantages and drawbacks of varying carbon-based materials for sensing and removing pharmaceutical wastes were also introduced. Finally, the available techniques for wastewater treatment, challenges and future perspectives on the recent progress were highlighted. The suggestions in this article will facilitate the development of novel on-site methods for removing emerging pollutants from pharmaceutical effluents and commercial enterprises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Nabgan
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Aishah Abdul Jalil
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Bahador Nabgan
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Ikram
- Solar Cell Applications Research Lab, Department of Physics, Government College University Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Mohamad Wijayanuddin Ali
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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Nabgan W, Jalil AA, Nabgan B, Jadhav AH, Ikram M, Ul-Hamid A, Ali MW, Hassan NS. Sustainable biodiesel generation through catalytic transesterification of waste sources: a literature review and bibliometric survey. RSC Adv 2022; 12:1604-1627. [PMID: 35425206 PMCID: PMC8979057 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07338a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainable renewable energy production is being intensely disputed worldwide because fossil fuel resources are declining gradually. One solution is biodiesel production via the transesterification process, which is environmentally feasible due to its low-emission diesel substitute. Significant issues arising with biodiesel production are the cost of the processes, which has stuck its sustainability and the applicability of different resources. In this article, the common biodiesel feedstock such as edible and non-edible vegetable oils, waste oil and animal fats and their advantages and disadvantages were reviewed according to the Web of Science (WOS) database over the timeframe of 1970–2020. The biodiesel feedstock has water or free fatty acid, but it will produce soap by reacting free fatty acids with an alkali catalyst when they present in high portion. This reaction is unfavourable and decreases the biodiesel product yield. This issue can be solved by designing multiple transesterification stages or by employing acidic catalysts to prevent saponification. The second solution is cheaper than the first one and even more applicable because of the abundant source of catalytic materials from a waste product such as rice husk ash, chicken eggshells, fly ash, red mud, steel slag, and coconut shell and lime mud. The overview of the advantages and disadvantages of different homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts is summarized, and the catalyst promoters and prospects of biodiesel production are also suggested. This research provides beneficial ideas for catalyst synthesis from waste for the transesterification process economically, environmentally and industrially. Sustainable renewable energy production is being intensely disputed worldwide because fossil fuel resources are declining gradually.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Nabgan
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia.,Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia
| | - Aishah Abdul Jalil
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia.,Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia
| | - Bahador Nabgan
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia.,Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia
| | - Arvind H Jadhav
- Centre for Nano and Material Science, JAIN University Jain Global Campus Bangalore 562112 Karnataka India
| | - Muhammad Ikram
- Solar Cell Applications Research Lab, Department of Physics, Government College University Lahore 54000 Punjab Pakistan
| | - Anwar Ul-Hamid
- Core Research Facilities, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamad Wijayanuddin Ali
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia.,Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia
| | - Nurul Sahida Hassan
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia.,Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia
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Abdul Jalil A, Zolkifli AS, Triwahyono S, Abdul Rahman AF, Mohd Ghani NN, Shahul Hamid MY, Mustapha FH, Izan SM, Nabgan B, Ripin A. Altering Dendrimer Structure of Fibrous-Silica-HZSM5 for Enhanced Product Selectivity of Benzene Methylation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b03147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nabgan B, Abdullah TAT, Nabgan W, Ahmad A, Saeh I, Moghadamian K. Process Simulation for Removing Impurities From Wastewater Using Sour Water 2-Strippers system via Aspen Hysys. Chemical Product and Process Modeling 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/cppm-2016-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this paper, Aspen Hysys v8.8 was used to simulate two strippers for sour water stripping process as the aim for removal of chemical impurities such as hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and ammonia in wastewater. As a result of elimination of these impurities, the water can be reused. Comparison between single and two strippers and elevating the stripping efficiency was the objectives of the present study. The feed flow rate and compositions were specified according to the typical Chevron WWT process conditions. The simulation result shows that 100 % ammonia was stripped into the two stripper system but only 24 % stripped in the single stripper system. The result of H2O was almost same in both systems. The stripped water collected via the bottom of the Ammonia Stripper contains less than 10 ppm of hydrogen sulphide and less than 50 ppm of ammonia.
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Nabgan W, Abdullah TAT, Nabgan B, Ripin A, Kidam KB, Saeh I, Moghadamian K. A Simulation of Claus Process Via Aspen Hysys for Sulfur Recovery. Chemical Product and Process Modeling 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/cppm-2016-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In refineries, due to the environmental pollutions, sulfur content in petroleum need be reduced. The incineration process is used for sulfur recovery system which is not friendly process to the environment and needs high temperature. This actual process exhaust high amount of SO2 from the incinerator stack to the environment. The Claus process is the best method to recover sulfur from acid gases that contain hydrogen sulfide. The particular reaction for sulfur removal from sour gas is hydrogen sulfide (H2S) sulfur dioxide (SO2) reformation (2H2S+O2=S2+2H2O). The aim of this study is to get a simulation that is suitable for the characterization of sulfur recovery units. The experimental design for this study was collected from a petroleum refinery located in Iran. This experimental relation supports us to gather with definite consistency that is normally not available online for such process. Aspen HYSYS v8.8 software was used to simulate the Claus process by reactors and component splitters. The result shows the complete conversion of sour gas to product. The simulation protects the environmental impact by SO2 emission. This behavior can be reproduced by this HYSYS design very well. It was found that the BURNAIR feed composition and molar flow is the only factors which can affect the hydrogen sulfide conversion. The sulfur mole fraction increased only in the range of 0.94 to 0.98 by increasing N2 from 0.7 to 0.9.
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