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Zhou Q, Yu C, Meng L, Ji W, Liu S, Pan C, Lan T, Wang L, Qu B. Research progress of applications for nano-materials in improved QuEChERS method. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-20. [PMID: 37345873 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2225613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) approach is widely used in sample pretreatment in agricultural products, food, environment, etc. And nano-materials are widely used in QuEChERS method due to its small size and large specific surface area. In this review, we examine the typical applications of several commonly used nano-materials in improved QuEChERS method. These materials include multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and their derivatives, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), metal organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), graphene oxide (GO), lipid and protein adsorbent (LPAS), cucurbituril (CBs), and carbon nano-cages (CNCs), and so on. The strengths and weaknesses of each nano-material are presented, as well as the challenging aspects that need to be addressed in future research. By comparing the applications and the current technology development, this review suggests utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) to screen suitable combinations of purification agents and performing virtual simulation experiments to verify the reliability of this methodology. By doing so, we aim to accelerate the development of new products and decrease the cost of innovation. It also recommends designing smarter pretreatment instruments to enhance the convenience and automation of the sample pretreatment process and reduce the margin for human error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
- China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing, PR China
| | - Congcong Yu
- China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lingling Meng
- China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wenhua Ji
- Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Songnan Liu
- Beijing Tea Quality Supervision and Inspection Station, Beijing, China
| | - Canping Pan
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Lan
- China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lihong Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Bin Qu
- Beijing Knorth Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
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2
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Khalili L, Dehghan G, Sheibani N, Khataee A. Smart active-targeting of lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles for therapeutic applications: Recent advances and challenges. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 213:166-194. [PMID: 35644315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The advances in producing multifunctional lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPHNs) by combining the biomimetic behavior of liposomes and architectural advantages of polymers have provided great opportunities for selective and efficient therapeutics delivery. The constructed LPHNs exhibit different therapeutic efficacies for special uses based on characteristics of different excipients. However, the high mechanical/structural stability of hybrid nano-systems could be viewed as both a negative property and a positive feature, where the concomitant release of drug molecules in a controllable manner is required. In addition, difficulties in scaling up the LPHNs production, due to involvement of several criteria, limit their application for biomedical fields, especially in monitoring, bioimaging, and drug delivery. To address these challenges bio-modifications have exhibited enormous potential to prepare reproducible LPHNs for site-specific therapeutics delivery, diagnostic and preventative applications. The ever-growing surface bio-functionality has provided continuous vitality to this biotechnology and has also posed desirable biosafety to nanoparticles (NPs). As a proof-of-concept, this manuscript provides a crucial review of coated lipid and polymer NPs displaying excellent surface functionality and architectural advantages. We also provide a description of structural classifications and production methodologies, as well as the biomedical possibilities and translational obstacles in the development of surface modified nanocarrier technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Khalili
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Dehghan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Cell and Regenerative Biology, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Alireza Khataee
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran; Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, Mersin 10, Turkey.
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3
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Nabgan W, Jalil AA, Nabgan B, Ikram M, Ali MW, Lakshminarayana P. A state of the art overview of carbon-based composites applications for detecting and eliminating pharmaceuticals containing wastewater. Chemosphere 2022; 288:132535. [PMID: 34648794 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The growing prevalence of new toxins in the environment continues to cause widespread concerns. Pharmaceuticals, organic pollutants, heavy metal ions, endocrine-disrupting substances, microorganisms, and others are examples of persistent organic chemicals whose effects are unknown because they have recently entered the environment and are displaying up in wastewater treatment facilities. Pharmaceutical pollutants in discharged wastewater have become a danger to animals, marine species, humans, and the environment. Although their presence in drinking water has generated significant concerns, little is known about their destiny and environmental effects. As a result, there is a rising need for selective, sensitive, quick, easy-to-handle, and low-cost early monitoring detection systems. This study aims to deliver an overview of a low-cost carbon-based composite to detect and remove pharmaceutical components from wastewater using the literature reviews and bibliometric analysis technique from 1970 to 2021 based on the web of science (WoS) database. Various pollutants in water and soil were reviewed, and different methods were introduced to detect pharmaceutical pollutants. The advantages and drawbacks of varying carbon-based materials for sensing and removing pharmaceutical wastes were also introduced. Finally, the available techniques for wastewater treatment, challenges and future perspectives on the recent progress were highlighted. The suggestions in this article will facilitate the development of novel on-site methods for removing emerging pollutants from pharmaceutical effluents and commercial enterprises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Nabgan
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Aishah Abdul Jalil
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Bahador Nabgan
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Ikram
- Solar Cell Applications Research Lab, Department of Physics, Government College University Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Mohamad Wijayanuddin Ali
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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4
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Zhao S, Liu S, Wang F, Lu X, Li Z. Sorption behavior of 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (F-53B) on four kinds of nano-materials. Sci Total Environ 2021; 757:144064. [PMID: 33316510 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (with the trade name F-53B, a substitute for PFOS) is one type of Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), which is widely used as a chromium mist inhibitor in China. It has been found in environment commonly. In this study, the sorption behavior of F-53B on four kinds of nano-materials: alumina nanopowder (ANP), alumina nanowires (ANW), hydrophilic bentonite nanoclay (HBNC) and surface modified nanoclay (SMNC) were investigated. The kinetics results indicated that the sorption of F-53B on four nano-materials reached equilibrium within 2 h and the sorption process were fitted better by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model than the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The thermodynamic study showed that the sorption of F-53B on nano-materials were exothermic and spontaneous. As the increase of temperature, the maximum sorption capacity of ANP, ANW, HBNC, SMNC increased, and reached 868.75, 91.35, 5.15, 2465.09 μg/g at 25 °C, respectively. The surface modified nanoclay (SMNC) was better than the others for removing F-53B from aquatic environment. To investigate the effects of pH and ion strength, the particle size and zeta potential of sorbents at different pH and ion strength were measured by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and concluded that the sorption mechanism of F-53B on two kinds of nanoalumina mainly included electrostatic attraction and agglomeration effects, while hydrophobic interaction played an important role on the sorption of F-53B on nanoclay. This study revealed the sorption behavior and mechanism of F-53B on four kinds of nano-materials, and the results provided theoretical support for removing F-53B from electroplating wastewater with nano-materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Xingwen Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhe Li
- School of Engineering and Materials Science Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
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Rahim M, Mas Haris MRH, Saqib NU. An overview of polymeric nano-biocomposites as targeted and controlled-release devices. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:1223-1231. [PMID: 32901426 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00750-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, controlled drug delivery has become an important area of research. Nano-biocomposites can fulfil the necessary requirements of a targeted drug delivery device. This review describes use of polymeric nano-biocomposites in controlled drug delivery devices. Selection of suitable biopolymer and methods of preparation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rahim
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Penang, Malaysia.
| | | | - Najm Us Saqib
- Department of Zoology, University of Buner, Buner, KP, Pakistan
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6
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Ekrami E, Pouresmaieli M, Barati F, Asghari S, Ziarani FR, Shariati P, Mamoudifard M. Potential Diagnostic Systems for Coronavirus Detection: a Critical Review. Biol Proced Online 2020; 22:21. [PMID: 32884452 PMCID: PMC7462115 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-020-00134-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Currently there are no effective anti-viral drugs for SARS-CoV-2, so the primary line of defense is to detect infected cases as soon as possible. The high rate of contagion for this virus and the highly nonspecific symptoms of the disease (Coronovirus disease 2019, (Covid-19)) that it causes, such as respiratory symptoms, cough, dyspnea, fever, and viral pneumonia, require the urgent establishment of precise and fast diagnostic tests to verify suspected cases, screen patients, and conduct virus surveillance. Nowadays, several virus detection methods are available for viral diseases, which act on specific properties of each virus or virus family, therefore, further investigations and trials are needed to find a highly efficient and accurate detection method to detect and prevent the outcomes of the disease. Hence, there is an urgent need for more and precise studies in this field. In this review, we discussed the properties of a new generation of coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2) following routine virus detection methods and proposed new strategies and the use of potential samples for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ekrami
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Pouresmaieli
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Barati
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Asghari
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Ramezani Ziarani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Parvin Shariati
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Matin Mamoudifard
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
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7
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Joshi S, Sharma P, Siddiqui R, Kaushal K, Sharma S, Verma G, Saini A. A review on peptide functionalized graphene derivatives as nanotools for biosensing. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 187:27. [PMID: 31811393 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3989-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Peptides exhibit unique binding behavior with graphene and its derivatives by forming bonds on its edges and planes. This makes them useful for sensing and imaging applications. This review with (155 refs.) summarizes the advances made in the last decade in the field of peptide-GO bioconjugation, and the use of these conjugates in analytical sciences and imaging. The introduction emphasizes the need for understanding the biotic-abiotic interactions in order to construct controllable peptide-functionalized graphitic material-based nanotools. The next section covers covalent and non-covalent interactions between peptide and oxidized graphene derivatives along with a discussion of the adsorption events during interfacing. We then describe applications of peptide-graphene conjugates in bioassays, with subsections on (a) detection of cancer cells, (b) monitoring protease activity, (c) determination of environmental pollutants and (d) determination of pathogenic microorganisms. The concluding section describes the current status of peptide functionalized graphitic bioconjugates and addresses future perspectives. Graphical abstractSchematic representation depicting biosensing applications of peptide functionalized graphene oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhi Joshi
- Energy Research Centre, Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Pratibha Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Ruby Siddiqui
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Kanica Kaushal
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Shweta Sharma
- Institute of Forensic Science & Criminology (UIEAST), Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Gaurav Verma
- Dr. S.S. Bhatnagar University Institute of Chemical Engineering & Technology (Dr.SSBUICET), Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh, 160014, India
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (UIEAST), Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Avneet Saini
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Chen QL, Zhu D, An XL, Ding J, Zhu YG, Cui L. Does nano silver promote the selection of antibiotic resistance genes in soil and plant? Environ Int 2019; 128:399-406. [PMID: 31078874 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidences have demonstrated that heavy metal contamination can promote the proliferation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) via co-selection. However, effects of nano-metal-materials on the occurrence and level of ARGs in the soil and plant, have not been fully explored. To gain insights into this impact, we conducted a pot experiment by adding nano‑silver particles (AgNPs) as a stimuli and Ag ion (AgNO3) and tetracycline as a comparison. By using high throughput quantitative PCR, our results indicated that application of AgNPs (~20 nm and ~50 nm) at a concentration of 100 ppm resulted in no significant changes in the abundance of ARGs in either soil or phyllosphere (P > 0.05). Nevertheless, the overall pattern of resistome, especially in soil, was shifted following AgNPs application, with a significance increase in the relative abundance of efflux pumps genes, which is an important mechanism for co-selection of ARGs by heavy metals. By comparison, Ag ion at an equivalent Ag mass of AgNPs markedly increased ARGs abundance and shifted ARGs profile in soil, indicating that free Ag ion had a stronger impact on ARGs than AgNPs. These findings provide new insights in assessing the risks of manufactured nanomaterials accumulated in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China; Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Dong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xin-Li An
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Cui
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China.
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Sher H, Ali H, Rashid MH, Iftikhar F, Saif-Ur-Rehman, Nawaz MS, Khan WS. Enzyme Immobilization on Metal-Organic Framework (MOF): Effects on Thermostability and Function. Protein Pept Lett 2019; 26:636-647. [PMID: 31208305 DOI: 10.2174/0929866526666190430120046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MOFs are porous materials with adjustable porosity ensuing a tenable surface area and stability. MOFs consist of metal containing joint where organic ligands are linked with coordination bonding rendering a unique architecture favouring the diverse applications in attachment of enzymes, Chemical catalysis, Gases storage and separation, biomedicals. In the past few years immobilization of soluble enzymes on/in MOF has been the topic of interest for scientists working in diverse field. The activity of enzyme, reusability, storage, chemical and thermal stability, affinity with substrate can be greatly improved by immobilizing of enzyme on MOFs. Along with improvement in enzymes properties, the high loading of enzyme is also observed while using MOFs as immobilization support. In this review a detail study of immobilization on/in Metalorganic Frameworks (MOFs) have been described. Furthermore, strategies for the enzyme immobilization on MOFs and resulting in improved catalytic performance of immobilized enzymes have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Sher
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hazrat Ali
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad H Rashid
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fariha Iftikhar
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saif-Ur-Rehman
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad S Nawaz
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Waheed S Khan
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Pundir CS, Jakhar S, Narwal V. Determination of urea with special emphasis on biosensors: A review. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 123:36-50. [PMID: 30308420 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Urea is the major end product of nitrogen metabolism in humans, which is eliminated from the body mainly by the kidneys through urine but is also secreted in body fluids such as blood and saliva. Its level in urine ranges from 7 to 20 mg/dL, which drastically rises under patho-physiological conditions thus providing key information of renal function and diagnosis of various kidney and liver disorders. Increase in urea levels in blood, also referred to as azotemia or uremia. The chronic kidney disease (CKD) or end stage renal disease (ESRD) is generally caused due to the progressive loss of kidney function. Hence, there is an urgent need of determination of urea in biological fluids to diagnose these diseases at their early stage. Among the various methods available for detection of urea, most are complicated and require time-consuming sample pre-treatment, expensive instrumental set-up and trained persons to operate, specifically for chromatographic methods. The biosensing methods overcome these drawbacks, as these are simple, fast, specific and highly sensitive and can also be applied for detection of urea in vivo. This review presents the principles of various analytical methods for determination of urea with special emphasis on biosensors. The use of various nanostructures and electrochemical microfluidic paper based analytical device (EμPAD) are suggested for further development of urea biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Pundir
- Department of Biochemistry, M.D. University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India.
| | - Seema Jakhar
- Department of Biochemistry, M.D. University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Vinay Narwal
- Department of Biochemistry, M.D. University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
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Lee YS, Kim YI, Lee DS. Future Perspectives of Radionanomedicine Using the Novel Micelle-Encapsulation Method for Surface Modification. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2015; 49:170-3. [PMID: 26279689 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-015-0358-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The emerging radionanomedicine has multifunctional and theranostic purposes. For these purposes, radionanomedicine should achieve the efficient and specific delivery of therapeutic agents by multifunctional characteristics, using low amounts of nanomaterials in vivo. Recent research on radiolabeled micelle-encapsulated nanomaterials has been made on the their efficacy and safety using a one-step surface modification method (Jeong's method). This one-step multifunctional approach to the nanoparticle can be the important challenge in producing effective nanoplatforms for cancer imaging and therapy.
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12
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Moghaddasi S, Hossein Khoshgoftarmanesh A, Karimzadeh F, Chaney R. Fate and effect of tire rubber ash nano-particles (RANPs) in cucumber. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2015; 115:137-143. [PMID: 25700091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
There are growing interests on effects of nano-materials on living organisms including higher plants. No report is available on positive and negative effects of rubber ash nano-particles (RANPs) on edible plants. Recently, we reported the possibility of using waste tire rubber and rubber ash as zinc (Zn) fertilizer for plants. In this nutrient solution culture study, for the first time, root uptake and the effects of RANPs on growth and Zn, cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) concentration in cucumber was investigated. Various Zn levels (0, 1, 5, 25, 125mgL(-1)) were applied in the form of RANPs or ZnSO4. The root RANPs uptake was visualized by light (LA), scanning electron (SEM), and transmission electron microcopies (TEM). At all Zn levels, cucumber plants supplied with RANPs produced higher shoot and root biomass compared with those supplied with ZnSO4. In addition, the RANPs resulted in higher accumulation of Zn in cucumber tissues in comparison with ZnSO4; although phytotoxicity of Zn from ZnSO4 was greater than that from RANPs. Clear evidence of the RANPs penetration into the root cells was obtained by using SEM and TEM. Filaments of RANPs were also observed at the end of roots by LM and TEM. Further research is needed to clarify the fate of the RANPs in plant cells and their possible risks for food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Moghaddasi
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156-83111 Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Fatholah Karimzadeh
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156-83111 Isfahan, Iran
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Giannaccini M, Cuschieri A, Dente L, Raffa V. Non-mammalian vertebrate embryos as models in nanomedicine. Nanomedicine 2013; 10:703-19. [PMID: 24103306 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Various in vivo biological models have been proposed for studying the interactions of nano-materials in biological systems. Unfortunately, the widely used small mammalian animal models (rodents) are costly and labor intensive and generate ethical issues and antagonism from the anti-vivisectionist movement. Recently, there has been increasing interest in the scientific community in the interactions between nano-materials and non-mammalian developmental organisms, which are now being recognized as valid models for the study of human disease. This review examines and discusses the biomedical applications and the interaction of nano-materials with embryonic systems, focusing on non-mammalian vertebrate models, such as chicken, zebrafish and Xenopus. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR Animal models are critical components of preclinical biomedical research. This review discusses the feasibility and potential applications of non-mammalian vertebral animals, such as zebrafish, xenopus, and chicken as animal models in nanomedicine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Giannaccini
- Department of Biology, Cell and Developmental Biology Unit, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Institute of Life Science, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Alfred Cuschieri
- Institute of Life Science, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luciana Dente
- Department of Biology, Cell and Developmental Biology Unit, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vittoria Raffa
- Department of Biology, Cell and Developmental Biology Unit, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Institute of Life Science, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
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