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ALGhasab NS, Alshehri B, Altamimi LA, Assiri RA, AlYousef LA, ALMesned S, ALreshidi FS, Kharabsheh SM, Al-Saud SA, Alharbi W. Cardiac anomalies associated with Escobar syndrome: A case report and a review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26687. [PMID: 34397695 PMCID: PMC8322495 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Escobar syndrome (ES) is an autosomal recessive disorder. It is highly characterized by facial abnormalities, congenital diaphragmatic muscle weakness, myasthenic-like features, and skin pterygiums on multiple body legions. ES is a rare condition associated with many external and internal abnormalities. The internal malformations described in ES affect many organs including the heart, lungs, esophagus, liver, spleen, and intestine. The purpose of this paper is to explore the cardiac manifestations associated with ES. PATIENT CONCERNS A 3.5-year-old girl, who was born for double first cousins, was admitted to the hospital for neuromuscular evaluation of multiple congenital contractures. DIAGNOSIS The girl was diagnosed with ES and isolated dextrocardia which is a rare cardiac manifestation. However, to the best of our knowledge, no similar cases have been reported to date, and this case is thus believed to be very rare. INTERVENTIONS The patient underwent an operative intervention to correct the bilateral fixed flexion deformity at her knees which was related to the posterior bilateral fibrotic bands/pterygia. OUTCOMES Post-operatively, complete knee extension was obtained, the patient was fitted with a cast and extension night splint. She was discharged alive and had no complications. The patient was followed regularly in the orthopedic clinic and had periodic physiotherapy sessions. CONCLUSIONS ES and isolated dextrocardia concurrence in the presented case resulted from different pathogenic mechanisms. Our findings suggest that ES might be caused by dysfunction in the acetylcholine receptor throughout fetal life, which may have affected muscle strength and movement. Other cardiac conditions include hypoplastic left-sided heart, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, patent ductus arteriosus, and heterotaxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif Saad ALGhasab
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College, Ha’il University, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar Alshehri
- Adult Cardiology Department, Prince Sultan Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Raghad Asaad Assiri
- College of Medicine, Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Loujain Ahmad AlYousef
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaman ALMesned
- Department of Surgery, Medical College, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fayez Saud ALreshidi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suleiman M. Kharabsheh
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Abou Al-Saud
- Department of Cardiac Science, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Alharbi
- Department of Cardiac Science, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alshehri B, Pagnin M, Lee JY, Petratos S, Richardson SJ. The Role of Transthyretin in Oligodendrocyte Development. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4189. [PMID: 32144308 PMCID: PMC7060235 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60699-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is a protein that binds and distributes thyroid hormones (THs) in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Previously, two reports identified TTR null mice as hypothyroid in the central nervous system (CNS). This prompted our investigations into developmentally regulated TH-dependent processes in brains of wildtype and TTR null mice. Despite logical expectations of a hypomyelinating phenotype in the CNS of TTR null mice, we observed a hypermyelination phenotype, synchronous with an increase in the density of oligodendrocytes in the corpus callosum and anterior commissure of TTR null mice during postnatal development. Furthermore, absence of TTR enhanced proliferation and migration of OPCs with decreased apoptosis. Neural stem cells (NSCs) isolated from the subventricular zone of TTR null mice at P21 revealed that the absence of TTR promoted NSC differentiation toward a glial lineage. Importantly, we identified TTR synthesis in OPCs, suggestive of an alternate biological function in these cells that may extend beyond an extracellular TH-distributor protein. The hypermyelination mechanism may involve increased pAKT (involved in oligodendrocyte maturation) in TTR null mice. Elucidating the regulatory role of TTR in NSC and OPC biology could lead to potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of acquired demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandar Alshehri
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia.,Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maurice Pagnin
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Jae Young Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, Victoria, 3004, Australia.,ToolGen, Inc., Seoul, 08501, Korea
| | - Steven Petratos
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, Victoria, 3004, Australia
| | - Samantha J Richardson
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia. .,School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia.
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Adam S, Badawi M, Zaher G, Alshehri B, Basaeed A, Jelani M, Kashqari A. The prevalence of APOL1 gene variants in a cohort of renal disease patients in Western Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2018; 29:793-800. [PMID: 30152414 DOI: 10.4103/1319-2442.239658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Two variants for APOL1; the gastrointestinal (G1) variant (S342G and 1384M substitutions) and the G2 variant (N388 and Y389 deletions) have been previously described to be associated with renal disease. The prevalence of APOL1 variants in Saudi Arabia is unknown. We aimed to determine the prevalence of APOL1 variants in a cohort of patients with renal disease in Saudi Arabia. Patients with renal disease followed up at King Abdulaziz University Hospital were approached consecutively at the out patient clinic, and unaffected controls were approached at the blood donation area. Clinical and laboratory data were collected from electronic medical records. Laboratory variables in controls were obtained on enrollment. This is a cross-sectional, cohort study. One hundred and one patients with a mean age of 54.5 (±19) years, and 119 unaffected controls with a mean age of 31.9 (±7.89) years, were enrolled. Seventy-four patients (68.5%) had hypertension and 62 (57.4%) had diabetes. The mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was 22.47 (± 27.6) mL/min. Two patients were heterozygous for G1 allele. Among the control group, two were heterozygous for G1 allele, and three were heterozygous for G2. All five controls had no evidence of renal disease and no family history of renal disease. The prevalence of APOL1 genetic risk variants in the study cohort was very low. Larger studies are needed to determine the prevalence among renal disease patients in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheir Adam
- Department of Hematology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Badawi
- Department of Hematology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Galila Zaher
- Department of Hematology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar Alshehri
- Princess Al Jawhara Center for Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Basaeed
- Department of Medicine, International Medical Center, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Musharraf Jelani
- Princess Al Jawhara Center for Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Kashqari
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Siew SY, Cheung EJH, Liang H, Bettiol A, Toyoda N, Alshehri B, Dogheche E, Danner AJ. Ultra-low loss ridge waveguides on lithium niobate via argon ion milling and gas clustered ion beam smoothening. Opt Express 2018; 26:4421-4430. [PMID: 29475292 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.004421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lithium niobate's use in integrated optics is somewhat hampered by the lack of a capability to create low loss waveguides with strong lateral index confinement. Thin film single crystal lithium niobate is a promising platform for future applications in integrated optics due to the availability of a strong electro-optic effect in this material coupled with the possibility of strong vertical index confinement. However, sidewalls of etched waveguides are typically rough in most etching procedures, exacerbating propagation losses. In this paper, we propose a fabrication method that creates significantly smoother ridge waveguides. This involves argon ion milling and subsequent gas clustered ion beam smoothening. We have fabricated and characterized ultra-low loss waveguides with this technique, with propagation losses as low as 0.3 dB/cm at 1.55 µm.
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Bdier AY, Al-Ghamdi S, Verma PK, Dagriri K, Alshehri B, Jiman OA, Ahmed SE, Wilde AAM, Bhuiyan ZA, Al-Aama JY. Autosomal recessive long QT syndrome, type 1 in eight families from Saudi Arabia. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2017; 5:592-601. [PMID: 28944242 PMCID: PMC5606890 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background One of the most common primary cardiac arrhythmia syndromes is autosomal dominant long QT syndrome, type 1 (LQT1), chiefly caused by mono‐allelic mutations in the KCNQ1 gene. Bi‐allelic mutations in the KCNQ1 gene are causal to Jervell and Lange‐Nielsen syndrome (JLNS), characterized by severe and early‐onset arrhythmias with prolonged QTc interval on surface ECG and sensorineural deafness. Occasionally, bi‐allelic mutations in KCNQ1 are also found in patients without any deafness, referred to as autosomal recessive long QT syndrome, type 1 (AR LQT1). Methods We used Sanger sequencing to detect the pathogenic mutations in KCNQ1 gene in eight families from Saudi Arabia with autosomal recessive LQT1. Results We have detected pathogenic mutations in all eight families, two of the mutations are founder mutations, which are c.387‐5T>A and p.Val172Met/p.Arg293Cys (in cis). QTc and cardiac phenotype was found to be pronounced in all the probands comparable to the cardiac phenotype in JLNS patients. Heterozygous carriers for these mutations did not exhibit any clinical phenotype, but a significant number of them have sinus bradycardia. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of a large series of patients with familial autosomal recessive LQT, type 1. These mutations could be used for targeted screening in cardiac arrhythmia patients in Saudi Arabia and in people of Arabic ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amnah Y Bdier
- Department of Biological SciencesFaculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia.,Princess Al Jawhara Albrahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary DisordersKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Genetic MedicineKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Prashant K Verma
- Princess Al Jawhara Albrahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary DisordersKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia.,Department of CardiologyNGHRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Dagriri
- Department of Pediatric CardiologyPrince Sultan Cardiac CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Bandar Alshehri
- Princess Al Jawhara Albrahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary DisordersKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Omamah A Jiman
- Department of Genetic MedicineKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Sherif E Ahmed
- Department of Biological SciencesFaculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia.,Princess Al Jawhara Albrahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary DisordersKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia.,Department of GeneticsFaculty of AgricultureAin shams UniversityCairoEgypt
| | - Arthur A M Wilde
- Department of CardiologyAcademic Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Zahurul A Bhuiyan
- Laboratoire de Génétique MoléculaireService de médecine génétiqueCHUVLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Jumana Y Al-Aama
- Princess Al Jawhara Albrahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary DisordersKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia.,Department of CardiologyNGHRiyadhSaudi Arabia
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Abstract
Objective: Thyroid cancer has one of the highest frequency rates among thyroid diseases, and ranks second for
neoplasia in the Saudi female population. This paper concerns a comprehensive evaluation of increasing incidence
trends and geographical distribution of different patterns of thyroid cancer among the Saudi Arabian population using
the latest Saudi Cancer Registry (SCR) reports. Methods: The analysis included a total of 7,670 thyroid cancer cases
(1604 male and 6066 female) which were recorded in the SCR files for the period between January 2001 and December
2013. Results: The overall incidence of thyroid cancer increased during the period from 2001 to 2013. The most
common age group affected was 35–39 years in both sexes. Najran recorded the highest differences in thyroid cancer
rates with increase between 2001 and 2013. Controversially, other regions like Tabuk and the Northern provinces
recorded obvious decreases in rates of thyroid cancer among females. Conclusion: Thyroid cancer is the second most
common cancer among females in Saudi Arabia with incidence peaks in both genders aged 35–39 years and increase
overtall in the country from 2001 to 2013. The specific causes of this upward trend are unknown. Further clinical and
epidemiological research must be conducted for clarification, with an emphasis of causes of the variation in thyroid
cancer prevalence between regions in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandar Alshehri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudia Arabia.
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Alshehri B, D'Souza DG, Lee JY, Petratos S, Richardson SJ. The diversity of mechanisms influenced by transthyretin in neurobiology: development, disease and endocrine disruption. J Neuroendocrinol 2015; 27:303-23. [PMID: 25737004 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is a protein that binds and distributes thyroid hormones (THs). TTR synthesised in the liver is secreted into the bloodstream and distributes THs around the body, whereas TTR synthesised in the choroid plexus is involved in movement of thyroxine from the blood into the cerebrospinal fluid and the distribution of THs in the brain. This is important because an adequate amount of TH is required for normal development of the brain. Nevertheless, there has been heated debate on the role of TTR synthesised by the choroid plexus during the past 20 years. We present both sides of the debate and how they can be reconciled by the discovery of TH transporters. New roles for TTR have been suggested, including the promotion of neuroregeneration, protection against neurodegeneration, and involvement in schizophrenia, behaviour, memory and learning. Recently, TTR synthesis was revealed in neurones and peripheral Schwann cells. Thus, the synthesis of TTR in the central nervous system (CNS) is more extensive than previously considered and bolsters the hypothesis that TTR may play wide roles in neurobiological function. Given the high conservation of TTR structure, function and tissue specificity and timing of gene expression, this implies that TTR has a fundamental role, during development and in the adult, across vertebrates. An alarming number of 'unnatural' chemicals can bind to TTR, thus potentially interfering with its functions in the brain. One role of TTR is delivery of THs throughout the CNS. Reduced TH availability during brain development results in a reduced IQ. The combination of the newly discovered sites of TTR synthesis in the CNS, the increasing number of neurological diseases being associated with TTR, the newly discovered functions of TTR and the awareness of the chemicals that can interfere with TTR biology render this a timely review on TTR in neurobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Alshehri
- School of Medical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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Sawka AM, Lakra DC, Lea J, Alshehri B, Tsang RW, Brierley JD, Straus S, Thabane L, Gafni A, Ezzat S, George SR, Goldstein DP. A systematic review examining the effects of therapeutic radioactive iodine on ovarian function and future pregnancy in female thyroid cancer survivors. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2008; 69:479-90. [PMID: 18284643 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2008.03222.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For women with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), the effect of radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy on gonadal and reproductive function is an important consideration. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS We systematically reviewed controlled studies examining the gonadal and reproductive effects of RAI therapy in women and adolescents surviving DTC. We searched nine electronic databases. All abstracts and papers were independently reviewed by two reviewers. RESULTS After reviewing 349 unique citations and 61 full-text papers, 16 papers including data from 3023 women or adolescents with DTC were included. All studies were observational, with no long-term randomized control trial data. The age at first RAI treatment varied from 8 to 50 years and the cumulative activities of RAI administered for treatment varied from 30 to 1099 mCi. Transient absence of menstrual periods occurred in 8-27% of women within the first year after RAI, particularly in older women. In addition, RAI-treated women experienced menopause at a slightly younger age than women not treated with RAI. In the first year after RAI therapy, several studies reported increased rates of spontaneous and induced abortions. However, RAI treatment for DTC was generally not associated with a significantly increased risk of long-term infertility, miscarriage, induced abortions, stillbirths, or offspring neonatal mortality or congenital defects. CONCLUSIONS In female survivors of DTC, there is little observational evidence to suggest important adverse effects of RAI treatment on gonadal function, fertility or pregnancy outcomes beyond 12 months, with the exception of a possible slightly earlier age of menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Sawka
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Sawka AM, Lea J, Alshehri B, Straus S, Tsang RW, Brierley JD, Thabane L, Rotstein L, Gafni A, Ezzat S, Goldstein DP. A systematic review of the gonadal effects of therapeutic radioactive iodine in male thyroid cancer survivors. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2008; 68:610-7. [PMID: 17973944 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.03081.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For patients with well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma (WDTC), the gonadal effects of radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy is an important consideration. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS We systematically reviewed the controlled studies examining the gonadal effects of RAI therapy in male WDTC survivors. We searched in nine electronic databases. All abstracts and papers were independently reviewed by two reviewers. RESULTS After reviewing 334 abstracts and 59 full-text papers, seven papers were included. In longitudinal studies examining the effect of single primary RAI dose activities of 594 mCi. Cumulative RAI dose correlated with FSH measurements at long-term follow-up. In one study, approximately one in eight men experienced oligospermia 1 year after RAI therapy. Rates of infertility, pregnancy loss and offspring congenital malformation were not elevated, but studies were limited by small size and self-reported outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Abnormalities in testicular function are common within several months of a single therapeutic dose of RAI for WDTC. Biochemical abnormalities usually resolve within 18 months after administration of a single activity of < 150 mCi of RAI. The risk of persistent gonadal dysfunction is increased after repeated or high cumulative RAI activities. Controlled, prospective studies, with long-term follow-up, examining male gonadal and offspring effects of RAI therapy are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Sawka
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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