1
|
Fumarola B, Signorini L, Lorenzotti S, Lanza P, Saccani B, Van Hauwermeiren E, Mulè A, Piva S, Rota M, Zuccalà F, Rasulo FA, Filippini M, Bertazzoli A, Del Fabro G, Matteelli A. Use of nebulized liposomal amphotericin B and posaconazole as antifungal prophylaxis in patients with severe SARS-CoV2 infection in intensive care unit. Infection 2024:10.1007/s15010-024-02234-9. [PMID: 38530518 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-024-02234-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) is common and linked with high fatality rates. To assess the impact on the incidence and outcome of CAPA of an antifungal prophylaxis (AFP) we compared two cohorts of COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU) in Brescia, Italy, from January to August 2021. METHODS The study cohort included all mechanically ventilated patients observed between April 2021 and August 2021 with SARS-CoV-2-pneumonia, who received AFP with oral posaconazole (200 mg every 6 h) and nebulized liposomal amphotericin B (50 mg every 2 weeks) from ICU admission to 7 days after discharge or, if applicable, until tracheostomy removal. The control cohort included COVID-19 patients admitted to the same ICU between January and March 2021 who did not receive any AFP. Subjects with CAPA at ICU admission were excluded. RESULTS We included 270 patients, of whom 64 (23.7%) received AFP. In patients in the study group, CAPA-related mortality was significantly reduced (29% vs. 48% p = 0.04), as well as the incidence of CAPA (3.1% vs 12.1%, p = 0.03). Patients who developed CAPA were older (mean of 70-y-old vs 63-y-old, p < 0.001). One subject discontinued posaconazole due to an adverse reaction. Among the 46 patients who received it, only one patient reached an effective plasma concentration of posaconazole. CONCLUSION AFP was associated with reduced incidence and mortality from CAPA and was well tolerated in patients with severe COVID-19. Posaconazole concentrations below the efficacy threshold in almost all patients may be attributable to drug interactions and prompt further studies to define its clinical significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Liana Signorini
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Paola Lanza
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Barbara Saccani
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Alice Mulè
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Simone Piva
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Science and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Emergency, Spedali Civili University Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Matteo Rota
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Zuccalà
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Antonio Rasulo
- Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia and Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Matteo Filippini
- Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia and Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alberto Bertazzoli
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Del Fabro
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ASFO "Santa Maria Degli Angeli" Hospital of Pordenone, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Alberto Matteelli
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mulè A, Rossini F, Sollima A, Lenzi A, Fumarola B, Amadasi S, Chiari E, Lorenzotti S, Saccani B, Van Hauwermeiren E, Lanza P, Matteelli A, Castelli F, Signorini L. Trichosporon asahii Infective Endocarditis of Prosthetic Valve: A Case Report and Literature Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1181. [PMID: 37508277 PMCID: PMC10376831 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichosporon spp. endocarditis is a severe and hard-to-treat infection. Immunosuppressed subjects and carriers of prosthetic valves or intracardiac devices are at risk. This article presents the case of an immunocompetent 74-year-old man affected by endocarditis of the prosthetic aortic valve. After Bentall surgery, cultures of the removed valve demonstrated Trichosporon ashaii as the etiological agent. The patient was treated with amphotericin B at first and subsequently with fluconazole. Given the fragility of the patient and the aggressiveness of the pathogen, life-long prophylactic therapy with fluconazole was prescribed. After 5 years follow-up, no drug-related toxicities were reported and the patient never showed any signs of recurrence. The review of the literature illustrates that Trichosporon spp. endocarditis may present even many years after heart surgery, and it is often associated with massive valve vegetations, severe embolic complications, and unfavorable outcome. Due to the absence of international guidelines, there is no unanimous therapeutic approach, but amphotericin B and azoles are usually prescribed. Additionally, a prompt surgical intervention seems to be of paramount importance. When dealing with a life-threatening disease, such as mycotic endocarditis of prosthetic valves, it is essential to consider and treat even rare etiological agents such as Trichosporon spp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Mulè
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia and ASST 'Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Francesco Rossini
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia and ASST 'Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Alessio Sollima
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia and ASST 'Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Angelica Lenzi
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia and ASST 'Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Benedetta Fumarola
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia and ASST 'Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Silvia Amadasi
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia and ASST 'Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Erika Chiari
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia and ASST 'Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Silvia Lorenzotti
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia and ASST 'Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Barbara Saccani
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia and ASST 'Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Evelyn Van Hauwermeiren
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia and ASST 'Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Paola Lanza
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia and ASST 'Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Alberto Matteelli
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia and ASST 'Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Francesco Castelli
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia and ASST 'Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Liana Signorini
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia and ASST 'Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Meschiari M, Volpi S, Faltoni M, Dolci G, Orlando G, Franceschini E, Menozzi M, Sarti M, Del Fabro G, Fumarola B, Guarneri F, Lanza P, Lorenzotti S, Saccani B, Signorini L, Van Hauwermeiren E, Gatti M, Pea F, Castelli F, Mussini C. Real-life experience with compassionate use of cefiderocol for difficult-to-treat resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (DTR-P) infections. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2021; 3:dlab188. [PMID: 34909691 PMCID: PMC8665210 DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlab188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To describe our real-life experience with cefiderocol in XDR and difficult-to-treat resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (DTR-P) infections without any other available treatment options. Methods We included patients with a proven infection due to an XDR/DTR-P, who had failed on previous regimens, and were treated with cefiderocol, following them prospectively to day 90 or until hospital discharge or death. Results Seventeen patients treated for >72 h with cefiderocol were included: 14 receiving combination regimens (82.4%) and 3 receiving monotherapy (17.6%). Fourteen patients were males (82%) with a median age of 64 years (IQR 58–73). Fifteen patients (88.2%) were admitted to the ICU and five had septic shock (29%). Seven cases (41.2%) were ventilator-associated pneumonia, of which 71% (5/7) occurred in COVID-19 patients. Four were complicated intrabdominal infections, one ecthyma gangrenosum, one nosocomial pneumonia and one empyema, one osteomyelitis, one primary bacteraemia, and one nosocomial external ventricular drainage meningitis. Clinical cure and microbiological cure rates were 70.6% and 76.5%, respectively. There were six deaths (35.3%) after a median of 8 days (IQR 3–10) from the end of treatment, but only two of them (11.7%) were associated with P. aeruginosa infection progression. Conclusions Our experience collecting this large case series of DTR-P treated with cefiderocol may help clinicians consider this new option in this hard-to-manage setting. Our results are even more relevant in the current scenario of ceftolozane/tazobactam shortage. Importantly, this is the first study providing real-life data indicating adequate cefiderocol concentrations in CSF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Meschiari
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Sara Volpi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Matteo Faltoni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Dolci
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Gabriella Orlando
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Erica Franceschini
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Marianna Menozzi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Mario Sarti
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Del Fabro
- University Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Benedetta Fumarola
- University Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Guarneri
- University Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paola Lanza
- University Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Lorenzotti
- University Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Barbara Saccani
- University Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Liana Signorini
- University Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Evelyn Van Hauwermeiren
- University Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Milo Gatti
- SSD Clinical Pharmacology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, University Hospital IRCCS Policlinico Sant'Orsola Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Pea
- SSD Clinical Pharmacology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, University Hospital IRCCS Policlinico Sant'Orsola Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Castelli
- University Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cristina Mussini
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Signorini L, Moioli G, Calza S, Van Hauwermeiren E, Lorenzotti S, Del Fabro G, Renisi G, Lanza P, Saccani B, Zambolin G, Latronico N, Castelli F, Cattaneo S, Marshall JC, Matteelli A, Piva S. Epidemiological and Clinical Characterization of Superinfections in Critically Ill Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients. Crit Care Explor 2021; 3:e0430. [PMID: 34136819 PMCID: PMC8202543 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To describe the epidemiology of superinfections (occurring > 48 hr after hospital admission) and their impact on the ICU and 28-day mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 with acute respiratory distress syndrome, requiring mechanical ventilation. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected observational data. SETTING University-affiliated adult ICU. PATIENTS Ninety-two coronavirus disease 2019 patients admitted to the ICU from February 21, 2020, to May 6, 2020. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The prevalence of superinfection at ICU admission was 21.7%, and 53 patients (57.6%) had at least one superinfection during ICU stay, with a total of 75 (82%) ventilator-associated pneumonia and 57 (62%) systemic infections. The most common pathogens responsible for ventilator-associated pneumonia were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 26, 34.7%) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (n = 14, 18.7%). Bloodstream infection occurred in 16 cases, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 8, 14.0%), Enterococcus species (n = 6, 10.5%), and Streptococcus species (n = 2, 3.5%). Fungal infections occurred in 41 cases, including 36 probable (30 by Candida albicans, six by C. nonalbicans) and five proven invasive candidiasis (three C. albicans, two C. nonalbicans). Presence of bacterial infections (odds ratio, 10.53; 95% CI, 2.31-63.42; p = 0.005), age (odds ratio, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.07-1.31; p = 0.001), and the highest Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (odds ratio, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.06-1.63; p = 0.032) were independently associated with ICU or 28-day mortality. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of superinfections in coronavirus disease 2019 patients requiring mechanical ventilation was high in this series, and bacterial superinfections were independently associated with ICU or 28-day mortality (whichever comes first).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liana Signorini
- Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Spedali Civili University Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Moioli
- Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Spedali Civili University Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Evelyn Van Hauwermeiren
- Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Spedali Civili University Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Lorenzotti
- Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Spedali Civili University Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Del Fabro
- Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Spedali Civili University Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giulia Renisi
- Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Spedali Civili University Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paola Lanza
- Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Spedali Civili University Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Barbara Saccani
- Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Spedali Civili University Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giulia Zambolin
- Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Spedali Civili University Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nicola Latronico
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Emergency, Spedali Civili University Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Castelli
- Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Spedali Civili University Hospital, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sergio Cattaneo
- Division of Cardio-Thoracic Intensive Care, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - John C Marshall
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alberto Matteelli
- Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Spedali Civili University Hospital, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Simone Piva
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Emergency, Spedali Civili University Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Papaccio M, Castellani R, Zanardini C, Sartori E, Prefumo F, Saccani B. Pregnancy and COVID-19: Do not overlook malaria. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2021; 153:550-551. [PMID: 33713432 PMCID: PMC8251964 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.13670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
COVID‐19 and malaria may have a similar presentation in pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Papaccio
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta Castellani
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cristina Zanardini
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Enrico Sartori
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Federico Prefumo
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Barbara Saccani
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zanardini C, Saccani B, Franceschetti L, Zatti S, Sartori E, Prefumo F. Retest positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in pregnant women recovered from COVID-19. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2020; 56:948-949. [PMID: 33034931 PMCID: PMC7675411 DOI: 10.1002/uog.23144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Zanardini
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Clinical and Experimental SciencesUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - B. Saccani
- Department of Infectious and Tropical DiseasesASST Spedali CiviliBresciaItaly
| | - L. Franceschetti
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Clinical and Experimental SciencesUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - S. Zatti
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Clinical and Experimental SciencesUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - E. Sartori
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Clinical and Experimental SciencesUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - F. Prefumo
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Clinical and Experimental SciencesUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Moratto D, Giacomelli M, Chiarini M, Savarè L, Saccani B, Motta M, Timpano S, Poli P, Paghera S, Imberti L, Cannizzo S, Quiros‐Roldan E, Marchetti G, Badolato R. Immune response in children with COVID-19 is characterized by lower levels of T-cell activation than infected adults. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:1412-1414. [PMID: 32592406 PMCID: PMC7361574 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Study of immunological features of immune response in 14 children (aged from 12 days up to 15 years) and of 10 adults who developed COVID-19 show increased number of activated CD4 and CD8 cells expressing DR and higher plasmatic levels of IL-12 and IL-1β in adults with COVID-19, but not in children. In addition, plasmatic levels of CCL5/RANTES are higher in children and adults with COVID-19, while CXCL9/MIG was only increased in adults. Higher number of activated T cells and expression of IL-12 and CXCL9 suggest prominent Th1 polarization of immune response against SARS-CoV2 in infected adults as compared with children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Moratto
- From Flow Cytometry LaboratoryClinical Chemistry LaboratoryASST Spedali Civili di BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Mauro Giacomelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental SciencesUniversity of Brescia and A. Nocivelli Institute of Molecular MedicineBresciaItaly
| | - Marco Chiarini
- From Flow Cytometry LaboratoryClinical Chemistry LaboratoryASST Spedali Civili di BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Lucia Savarè
- Department of Clinical and Experimental SciencesUniversity of Brescia and A. Nocivelli Institute of Molecular MedicineBresciaItaly
| | | | - Mario Motta
- NeonatologyUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Silviana Timpano
- Cystic Fibrosis and Pneumology CenterUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Piercarlo Poli
- Cystic Fibrosis and Pneumology CenterUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Simone Paghera
- Laboratorio CREAASST Spedali CiviliUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Luisa Imberti
- Laboratorio CREAASST Spedali CiviliUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | | | | | | | - Raffaele Badolato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental SciencesUniversity of Brescia and A. Nocivelli Institute of Molecular MedicineBresciaItaly
- Cystic Fibrosis and Pneumology CenterUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chiari E, Mangioni D, Pollastri E, Signorini L, Moioli G, Paraninfo G, Van Hauwermeiren E, Saccani B, Bertelli D, Festa E, Caruso A, Stellini R, Castelli F. 2025. Evaluation of the Impact of an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program in a Tertiary Hospital in Northern Italy: Efficacy of a Persuasive Approach on Antibiotics Consumption and Rate of Clostridium difficile Infection. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019. [PMCID: PMC6809007 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) situation in Italian hospitals and regions represents a major public health threat [ECDC, 2017]. Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs), particularly when based on local epidemiology, have been beneficial in optimizing antibiotic therapy as well as reducing hospital rates of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and AMR [Akpan MR, Antibiotics 2016].. Methods Our ASP program has been conducted at Spedali Civili General Hospital of Brescia, Northern Italy (1300-bed tertiary hospital), between the beginning of 2016 and the end of 2017. A preliminary analysis of local epidemiological data was performed (Table 1). Seven groups (“districts”) were identified according to microbiological and clinical similarities. This was a persuasive-based ASP. First, we trained physicians on general principles of AS, then guidelines for the management of “difficult-to-handle” infections were drafted based on international guidelines and local microbiological data (Table 2).. Results Here we show the results of pre-ASP (2015) vs. post-ASP (2018) analysis on antibiotic consumption (AC) and CDI rates. AC is expressed in DDD/100 bed-days. The overall hospital AC decreased from 84.31 to 76.84 (−9%), consistently with national recommendations [Italian National Plan against AMR, 2017]. In accordance with the local guidelines developed within our ASP, carbapenem consumption decreased from 5.77 to 4.87 (−16%) and fluoroquinolones (FLQ) from 14.45 to 9.94 (−31%). At the same time piperacillin/tazobactam use increased from 5.53 to 8.46 (53%). 3°–4°G cephalosporins and glycopeptides consumption slightly reduced from 11.78 to 11.42 (−3%) and from 4.07 to 3.83 (−6%), respectively. AC of the different districts involved is reported in Table 3. CDI rates decreased from 0.0434/100 bed-days in 2015 to 0.0315/100 bed-days in 2018 (−27%) (Figure 1). Conclusion Our ASP was a persuasive-based program in a setting of high AMR rates. In the short term, it has shown a positive impact in improving AC (in particular of broad-spectrum antibiotics with a high risk of resistance selection and CDI) and CDI rates. Audits for local guidelines adherence and the evaluation of AC, AMR and CDI rates are ongoing as long-term quality measures for assessing the impact of our ASP. ![]()
![]()
![]()
![]()
Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Chiari
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Davide Mangioni
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Departement of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Departement of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Brescia, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Ester Pollastri
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Liana Signorini
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Moioli
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Paraninfo
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Saccani
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Davide Bertelli
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elena Festa
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Arnaldo Caruso
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Roberto Stellini
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Castelli
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Izzo I, Quiros-Roldan E, Saccani B, Chiari E, Casari S, Focà E, Pezzoli MC, Forleo MA, Bonito A, Badolato R, Dotta L, Castelli F. Perinatally HIV-Infected Youths After Transition from Pediatric to Adult Care, a Single-Center Experience from Northern Italy. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2018; 34:241-243. [PMID: 29061072 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2017.0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), the first generation of perinatally HIV-infected children has reached young adulthood. A retrospective study was conducted on perinatally HIV-infected young adults after transition to adult care in Brescia (Northern Italy). Twenty-four patients were transferred to Infectious Disease outpatient Clinic from Pediatric Clinic between 2004 and 2016. Median age at transition was 18 years. 37.5% were male, and 75% were Italian. Median CD4+ T-cell count was 534 cell/μL, and 9/24 presented detectable HIV-RNA at the time of transition. At month 12 after transition, median CD4+ T-cell count was 626 cell/μL, and HIV-RNA was still detectable in 25% of patients. Nineteen patients were still in care at the end of follow-up (median of 52 months); 100% on cART, with undetectable HIV-RNA and a median CD4+ T-cell count of 716 cell/μL. After transition, cART regimen was modified in 14/19 patients (in 13 of them it was modified at least twice). Resistance testing is available for 13 patients showing resistance-associated mutations to at least one class of drugs in 9 patients. Transition to adult care is a critical point and youths present lower rates of viral suppression compared to adults. We observed 80% of viral suppression (5 young patients were lost to follow-up and considered as failures), notwithstanding social problems and resistance mutations. With the availability of more potent and better-tolerated drugs, optimization of cART is possible also in this previously difficult-to-treat group of patients. Novel tools to address adherence to cART in young adults and teenagers will also be needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Izzo
- University Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia and Spedali Civili General Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Eugenia Quiros-Roldan
- University Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia and Spedali Civili General Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Barbara Saccani
- University Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia and Spedali Civili General Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Erika Chiari
- University Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia and Spedali Civili General Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Casari
- University Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia and Spedali Civili General Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Emanuele Focà
- University Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia and Spedali Civili General Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Pezzoli
- University Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia and Spedali Civili General Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Antonia Forleo
- University Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia and Spedali Civili General Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Bonito
- University Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia and Spedali Civili General Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Raffaele Badolato
- University Department of Paediatrics, University of Brescia and Spedali Civili General Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Dotta
- University Department of Paediatrics, University of Brescia and Spedali Civili General Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Castelli
- University Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia and Spedali Civili General Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
De Paschale M, Manco MT, Paganini A, Agrappi C, Mirri P, Cucchi G, Saccani B, D'Arcais AF, Clerici P. Rubella antibody screening during pregnancy in an urban area of Northern Italy. Infect Dis Rep 2012; 4:e17. [PMID: 24470924 PMCID: PMC3892660 DOI: 10.4081/idr.2012.e17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Various countries have implemented anti-rubella vaccination campaigns with the main aim of preventing congenital infection. In 2003, Italy joined the European WHO programme for the elimination of congenital rubella and issued a special healthcare plan, one of the objectives of which was to reduce the proportion of rubella-susceptible pregnant women to less than 5% by 2005. The aim of this study was to determine the percentage of seronegative pregnant women after the implementation of this plan. Anti-rubella IgG and IgM antibodies were sought in 2385 pregnant women who attended our hospital for serological screening between 1 July 2008 and 30 June 2010. They included 750 women of foreign origin (31.4%). Eight percent of the women were anti-rubella seronegative: 6.2% of the Italians and 11.7% of the non-Italians. Among the women of foreign origin, the percentage of seronegativity ranged from 5.6% of those coming from Eastern Europe to 17.7% of those coming from Latin America. The level of seropositivity among women of Italian origin is high, although the objective of ensuring less than 5% of susceptible pregnant women has not yet been quite reached in our area. However, particular attention needs to be given to women coming from geographical areas characterised by different epidemiologies and vaccination strategies because the percentage of seronegativity is in some cases double that of Italian women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Barbara Saccani
- Pediatric and Neonatal Unit, Hospital of Legnano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Twelve children born to hepatitis C virus antibody GBV-C/HGV RNA positive mothers who acquired GBV-C/HGV infection by the vertical or perinatal route were studied. Most (91%) were persistently GBV-C/HGV RNA positive up to 12 months of age. Four out of six cases who acquired GBV-C/HGV alone had normal alanine amino transferase activities. Long lasting evidence of hepatocellular injury was detected only in children with GBV-C/HGV and hepatitis C virus and HIV coinfection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Zuin
- Fourth Paediatric Department, Università di Milano, Istituto di Scienze Biomediche Sacco, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|