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Tejera-Muñoz A, Rodríguez I, Del Río-García Á, Mohamedi Y, Martín M, Chiminazzo V, Suárez-Álvarez B, López-Larrea C, Ruiz-Ortega M, Rodrigues-Díez RR. The CCN2 Polymorphism rs12526196 Is a Risk Factor for Ascending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315406. [PMID: 36499730 PMCID: PMC9740045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular communication network factor 2 (CCN2/CTGF) has been traditionally described as a downstream mediator of other profibrotic factors including transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and angiotensin II. However, recent evidence from our group demonstrated the direct role of CCN2 in maintaining aortic wall homeostasis and acute and lethal aortic aneurysm development induced by angiotensin II in the absence of CCN2 in mice. In order to translate these findings to humans, we evaluated the potential association between three polymorphisms in the CCN2 gene and the presence of a thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA). Patients with and without TAA retrospectively selected were genotyped for rs6918698, rs9402373 and rs12526196 polymorphisms related to the CCN2 gene. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed. In our population of 366 patients (69 with TAA), no associations were found between rs6918698 and rs9402373 and TAA. However, the presence of one C allele from rs12526196 was associated with TAA comparing with the TT genotype, independently of risk factors such as sex, age, hypertension, type of valvulopathy and the presence of a bicuspid aortic valve (OR = 3.17; 95% CI = 1.30-7.88; p = 0.011). In conclusion, we demonstrated an association between the C allele of rs12526196 in the CCN2 gene and the presence of TAA. This study extrapolates to humans the relevance of CCN2 in aortic aneurysm observed in mice and postulates, for the first time, a potential protective role to CCN2 in aortic aneurysm pathology. Our results encourage future research to explore new variants in the CCN2 gene that could be predisposed to TAA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Tejera-Muñoz
- Molecular and Cellular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Av Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Research Support Unit, Hospital General Mancha Centro, 13600 Alcázar de San Juan, Spain
| | - Isabel Rodríguez
- Cardiac Pathology Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Álvaro Del Río-García
- Cardiac Pathology Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Yamina Mohamedi
- Cardiac Pathology Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Martín
- Cardiac Pathology Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Valentina Chiminazzo
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Platform, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Suárez-Álvarez
- Translational Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias ISPA, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlos López-Larrea
- Translational Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias ISPA, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Molecular and Cellular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Av Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.R.-O.); (R.R.R.-D.)
| | - Raúl R. Rodrigues-Díez
- Translational Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias ISPA, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.R.-O.); (R.R.R.-D.)
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Rodríguez I, Tejera-Muñoz A, Del Río-García Á, Mohamedi Y, Fernández MM, Chiminazzo V, Suárez-Álvarez B, López-Larrea C, Ruiz-Ortega M, Rodrigues-Díez R. Poster No. 117 rs12526196 polymorphism in CCN2 gene is an independent risk factor for ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm. Cardiovasc Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac157.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The Cellular Communication Network Factor-2 (CCN2/CTGF) has been traditionally described as a downstream mediator of other profibrotic factors including transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß and Angiotensin II. However, recent evidence from our group demonstrated the direct role of CCN2 in maintaining aortic wall homeostasis and, in addition, the development of acute and lethal aortic aneurysm induced by Angiotensin II in absence of CCN2 in mice. In order to translate these findings to humans, we evaluated the potential association between three polymorphisms in the CCN2 gene and the presence of thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA).
Material and methods
69 patients with TAA and 297 controls were genotyped for rs6918698, rs9402373 and rs12526196 polymorphisms related to CCN2 gene.Multivariable logistic regression models were performed.
Results and conclusions
While no associations were found between rs6918698 and rs9402373 with TAA development, patients carrying the C allele from rs12526196 polymorphism have a higher probability of suffering TAA compared to patients with TT genotype, independently of other risk factors such as sex, age, hypertension, type of valvulopathy and presence of bicuspid aortic valve (OR = 3.17; 95% CI = 1.30–7.88;P = 0.011). This study extrapolates to humans the relevance of CCN2 in aortic aneurysm observed in mice and postulate, for the first time, a protective role to CCN2 in aortic aneurysm pathology. Our results encourage future research to explore new variants, polymorphisms or mutations, in the CCN2 gene that could be predisposing to TAA development.
Funding
Research funded by ISCIII (PI20/000140, PI18/00694, PI19/00184, PI20/00639); RICORS2040-KIDNEY-DISEASE (RD21/0005/0002, RD21/0005/0017); Sara-Borrell-CD20/00042; Miguel-Servet-CP18/00106; Sociedad Española de Nefrología.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Rodríguez
- CardiacPathologyResearchGroup, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA) , 33011, Oviedo, Asturias , Spain
| | - Antonio Tejera-Muñoz
- ResearchSupportUnit, Hospital General Mancha Centro , 13600 Alcázar de San Juan , Spain . , Av Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid , Spain
- Molecular and CellularBiology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , 13600 Alcázar de San Juan , Spain . , Av Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Álvaro Del Río-García
- CardiacPathologyResearchGroup, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA) , 33011, Oviedo, Asturias , Spain
| | - Yamina Mohamedi
- CardiacPathologyResearchGroup, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA) , 33011, Oviedo, Asturias , Spain
| | - María Martín Fernández
- CardiologyDepartment, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias , 33011, Oviedo, Asturias , Spain , 33011, Oviedo, Asturias , Spain
- Cardiac Pathology Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA) , 33011, Oviedo, Asturias , Spain , 33011, Oviedo, Asturias , Spain
| | - Valentina Chiminazzo
- Biostatistics and EpidemiologyPlatform, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA) , 33011, Oviedo, Asturias , Spain
| | - Beatriz Suárez-Álvarez
- TranslationalImmunology. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias ISPA , 33011, Oviedo, Asturias , Spain
| | - Carlos López-Larrea
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias , 33011, Oviedo, Asturias , Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Molecular and CellularBiology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Av Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid , Spain . , 33011, Oviedo, Asturias , Spain
- TranslationalImmunology. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias ISPA , Av Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid , Spain . , 33011, Oviedo, Asturias , Spain
| | - Raúl Rodrigues-Díez
- CTranslationalImmunology. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias ISPA , 33011, Oviedo, Asturias , Spain
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Baragaño Raneros A, López-Larrea C, Suárez-Álvarez B. Acute myeloid leukemia and NK cells: two warriors confront each other. Oncoimmunology 2018; 8:e1539617. [PMID: 30713800 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1539617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease whose therapies currently show elevated toxicity and a high rate of relapse. Recently, the burgeoning of new anti-tumor therapeutic strategies aimed at enhancing the immune response has pushed natural killer cells (NKs) into the spotlight. These cells are powerful warriors that can bring about the lysis of tumor cells through their cytotoxic ability. However, tumor cells have developed strategies to evade recognition mediated by NKs. Here, we review the mechanisms triggered by AML cells and discuss the emerging immunotherapeutic strategies that potentiate the anti-tumor functions of NKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aroa Baragaño Raneros
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlos López-Larrea
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.,Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Suárez-Álvarez
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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Miranda-Castro R, Sánchez-Salcedo R, Suárez-Álvarez B, de-Los-Santos-Álvarez N, Miranda-Ordieres AJ, Jesús Lobo-Castañón M. Thioaromatic DNA monolayers for target-amplification-free electrochemical sensing of environmental pathogenic bacteria. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 92:162-170. [PMID: 28213329 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Genosensing technology has mostly based on mixed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of thiol-modified oligonucleotides and alkanethiols on gold surfaces. However, the typical backfilling approach, which incorporates the alkanethiol in a second step, gives rise to a heterogeneous distribution of oligonucleotide probes on the surface, negatively affecting to both hybridization efficiency and surface stability. Despite aromatic thiols present a remarkably different behavior from alkanethiols, with higher rigidity and stronger intermolecular interactions, they have been scarcely explored for the fabrication of DNA sensing platforms. We have investigated different approaches involving SAMs of aromatic thiols, namely p-mercaptobenzoic acid (p-MBA) and p-aminothiophenol (p-ATP), to yield DNA sensing layers for sequence-specific detection of target oligonucleotides. The studied monolayers were evaluated by DNA surface coverage and further information was obtained by determining their functionality in a sandwich hybridization assay with enzymatic amplification of the electrochemical read-out. The insertion of thiol-oligonucleotides into p-ATP monolayers previously oxidized, and the covalent binding of amino-oligonucleotides to pure p-MBA monolayers give rise to increased storage stability and better analytical performance. The quantification of RNA from Legionella pneumophila cellular lysates was successfully performed, illustrating the usefulness of these sensing architectures for detecting pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Miranda-Castro
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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Gervasini G, García-Cerrada M, Coto E, Vergara E, García-Pino G, Alvarado R, Fernández-Cavada MJ, Suárez-Álvarez B, Barroso S, Doblaré E, Díaz-Corte C, López-Larrea C, Cubero JJ. A 3'-UTR Polymorphism in Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Gene Is Associated with Acute Rejection in Renal Transplant Recipients. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133563. [PMID: 26230946 PMCID: PMC4521874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are arachidonic acid metabolites that play a protective role against damaging processes that may occur after re-oxygenation of the graft. We aimed to investigate whether the presence of functional polymorphisms in the gene encoding soluble epoxy hydrolase (EPHX2), which metabolizes EETs to less active compounds, may play a role in the outcome of renal transplantation. Methods In a group of 259 Caucasian renal transplant recipients and 183 deceased donors, we determined the presence of three common EPHX2 SNPs, namely rs41507953 (K55R), rs751141 (R287Q) and rs1042032 A/G. Associations with parameters of graft function and the incidence of acute rejection were retrospectively investigated throughout the first year after grafting by logistic regression adjusting for clinical and demographic variables. Results Carriers of the rs1042032 GG genotype displayed significantly lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (38.15 ± 15.57 vs. 45.99 ± 16.05; p = 0.04) and higher serum creatinine values (1.57 ± 0.58 vs. 1.30 ± 0.47 g/dL; p=0.02) one year after grafting, compared to patients carrying the wildtype A-allele. The same GG genotype was also associated to increased risk of acute rejection. Interestingly, this association was observed for the genotype of both recipients [OR =6.34 (1.35-29.90); p = 0.015] and donors [OR = 5.53 (1.10-27.80); p=0.042]. A statistical model including both genotypes along with other meaningful demographic and clinical variables resulted in an increased significance for the association with the recipients’ genotype [OR=8.28 (1.21-74.27); p=0.031]. Conclusions Our results suggest that genetic variability in the EETs-metabolizing gene, EPHX2, may have a significant impact on the outcome of deceased-donor renal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Gervasini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Therapeutics, Division of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Montserrat García-Cerrada
- Department of Medical and Surgical Therapeutics, Division of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Eliecer Coto
- Molecular Genetics, Laboratory of Medicine, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
- Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Vergara
- Service of Immunology, Infanta Cristina University Hospital, Badajoz, Spain
| | | | - Raul Alvarado
- Service of Nephrology, Infanta Cristina University Hospital, Badajoz, Spain
| | | | - Beatriz Suárez-Álvarez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Renal Disease, Health Research Institute F. Jimenez-Diaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Barroso
- Service of Nephrology, Infanta Cristina University Hospital, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Emilio Doblaré
- Service of Immunology, Infanta Cristina University Hospital, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Carmen Díaz-Corte
- Service of Nephrology, HUCA, Oviedo, Spain
- Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos López-Larrea
- Service of Immunology, HUCA, Oviedo, Spain
- Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Jose Cubero
- Service of Nephrology, Infanta Cristina University Hospital, Badajoz, Spain
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López-Vázquez A, Mozo L, Alonso-Arias R, Suárez-Álvarez B, Vidal-Castiñeira JR, Arranz E, Volta U, Bousoño C, López-Hoyos M, Rodrigo L, López-Larrea C. Autoantibodies against MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A are associated with increased risk of concomitant autoimmune diseases in celiac patients. BMC Med 2014; 12:34. [PMID: 24565339 PMCID: PMC3945941 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-12-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overexpression of autologous proteins can lead to the formation of autoantibodies and autoimmune diseases. MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A (MICA) is highly expressed in the enterocytes of patients with celiac disease, which arises in response to gluten. The aim of this study was to investigate anti-MICA antibody formation in patients with celiac disease and its association with other autoimmune processes. METHODS We tested serum samples from 383 patients with celiac disease, obtained before they took up a gluten-free diet, 428 patients with diverse autoimmune diseases, and 200 controls for anti-MICA antibodies. All samples were also tested for anti-endomysium and anti-transglutaminase antibodies. RESULTS Antibodies against MICA were detected in samples from 41.7% of patients with celiac disease but in only 3.5% of those from controls (P <0.0001) and 8.2% from patients with autoimmune disease (P <0.0001). These antibodies disappeared after the instauration of a gluten-free diet. Anti-MICA antibodies were significantly prevalent in younger patients (P <0.01). Fifty-eight patients with celiac disease (15.1%) presented a concomitant autoimmune disease. Anti-MICA-positive patients had a higher risk of autoimmune disease than MICA antibody-negative patients (P <0.0001; odds ratio = 6.11). The risk was even higher when we also controlled for age (odds ratio = 11.69). Finally, we found that the associated risk of developing additional autoimmune diseases was 16 and 10 times as high in pediatric patients and adults with anti-MICA, respectively, as in those without. CONCLUSIONS The development of anti-MICA antibodies could be related to a gluten-containing diet, and seems to be involved in the development of autoimmune diseases in patients with celiac disease, especially younger ones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Carlos López-Larrea
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo 33006, Spain.
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Abstract
Great efforts in the field of solid organ transplantation are being devoted to identifying biomarkers that allow a transplanted patient's immune status to be established. Recently, it has been well documented that epigenetic mechanisms like DNA methylation and histone modifications regulate the expression of immune system-related genes, modifying the development of the innate and adaptive immune responses. An in-depth knowledge of these epigenetic mechanisms could modulate the immune response after transplantation and to develop new therapeutic strategies. Epigenetic modifiers, such as histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have considerable potential as anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents, but their effect on transplantation has not hitherto been known. Moreover, the detection of epigenetic marks in key immune genes could be useful as biomarkers of rejection and progression among transplanted patients. Here, we describe recent discoveries concerning the epigenetic regulation of the immune system, and how this knowledge could be translated to the field of transplantation.
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Fernández-Sánchez A, Baragaño Raneros A, Carvajal Palao R, Sanz AB, Ortiz A, Ortega F, Suárez-Álvarez B, López-Larrea C. DNA demethylation and histone H3K9 acetylation determine the active transcription of the NKG2D gene in human CD8+ T and NK cells. Epigenetics 2012; 8:66-78. [PMID: 23235109 DOI: 10.4161/epi.23115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The human activating receptor NKG2D is mainly expressed by NK, NKT, γδ T and CD8(+) T cells and, under certain conditions, by CD4(+) T cells. This receptor recognizes a diverse family of ligands (MICA, MICB and ULBPs 1-6) leading to the activation of effector cells and triggering the lysis of target cells. The NKG2D receptor-ligand system plays an important role in the immune response to infections, tumors, transplanted graft and autoantigens. Elucidation of the regulatory mechanisms of NKG2D is therefore essential for therapeutic purposes. In this study, we speculate whether epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and histone acetylation, participate in NKG2D gene regulation in T lymphocytes and NK cells. DNA methylation in the NKG2D gene was observed in CD4(+) T lymphocytes and T cell lines (Jurkat and HUT78), while this gene was unmethylated in NKG2D-positive cells (CD8(+) T lymphocytes, NK cells and NKL cell line) and associated with high levels of histone H3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9Ac). Treatment with the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) inhibitor curcumin reduces H3K9Ac levels in the NKG2D gene, downregulates NKG2D transcription and leads to a marked reduction in the lytic capacity of NKG2D-mediated NKL cells. These findings suggest that differential NKG2D expression in the different cell subsets is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms and that its modulation by epigenetic treatments might provide a new strategy for treating several pathologies.
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Díaz-Peña R, Aransay AM, Suárez-Álvarez B, Bruges-Armas J, Rodríguez-Ezpeleta N, Regueiro M, Pimentel-Santos FM, Mulero J, Sánchez A, Collantes E, Queiro R, Ballina J, Alves H, López-Larrea C. A high density SNP genotyping approach within the 19q13 chromosome region identifies an association of a CNOT3 polymorphism with ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis 2012; 71:714-7. [PMID: 22294640 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-200661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify genomic variants in the 19q13 chromosome region associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-B27-positive populations. METHODS High-throughput genotyping of 1536 haplotype-tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was performed in 249 patients with AS and 302 healthy controls. Some of the identified associations were validated by genotyping four SNPs in two additional cohorts consisting of 412 cases/301 controls and 144 cases/203 controls. All individuals selected (both cases and controls) were HLA-B27-positive. RESULTS Two markers in two different genes (CNOT3 and LAIR2) showed significant association (p<10(-3)) with AS. In addition, sliding windows analysis showed association of groups of adjacent SNPs in regions located around CNOT3 (Chr19: 59347459-59356564, p=2.43 × 10(-4) to 6.54 × 10(-4)). The associations were validated by genotyping four SNPs from regions located near LAIR2 and CNOT3 genes (rs1055234, rs8111398, rs2287828 and rs4591276) in two additional cohorts. The CNOT3 polymorphism (rs1055234) remained associated with AS (combined p=9.73 × 10(-6)). One SNP, located downstream of KIR3DL1, was detected which, tested in combination with HLA-Bw4I80, was associated with AS. CONCLUSION A novel significant association was detected between SNP rs1055234 and AS susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Díaz-Peña
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are a population of precursor cells that posses the capacity for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. In the bone marrow (BM), HSCs warrant blood cell homeostasis, but at the same time a stable pool of functional cells must be constantly maintained. For this, HSCs constitute a model in which subpopulations of quiescent and active adult stem cells co-exist in the same tissue, in specific microenvironment called stem-cell "niches." These microenvironments keep the stem cells at quiescent (osteoblastic niche) for its self-renewal and activate the stem cells (vascular niche) for proliferation and/or injury repair, maintaining a dynamic balance between self-renewal and differentiation. HSC reside in the bone marrow but can be forces into the blood, a process termed mobilization used clinically to harvest large number of cells for transplantation. At the same time, homing to the BM is necessary to optimize cell engraftment. Here, we summarize current understanding of HSC niche characteristics, and the physiological and pathological mechanisms that guide HSC mobilization both within the BM and to distant niches in the periphery. Mobilization and Homing are mirror process depending on an interplay between chemokines, chemokine receptors, intracellular signaling, adhesion moleculas and proteases. The interaction between SDF-1/CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 is critical to retain HSCs within the bone marrow. Current mobilization strategies used in clinic, mainly G-CSF cytokine, are well tolerated but often produce suboptimal number of collected HSCs. Novel agents (AMD3100, stem cell factor, GROßT.) are being developed to enhance the mobilization to modify the signaling into the niche and boost the stem cell harvest, increasing the number of HSCs available for the transplant.
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11
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Coto E, Tavira B, Suárez-Álvarez B, López-Larrea C, Díaz-Corte C, Ortega F, Alvarez V. Pharmacogenetics of tacrolimus: ready for clinical translation? Kidney Int Suppl (2011) 2011; 1:58-62. [PMID: 25028625 PMCID: PMC4089617 DOI: 10.1038/kisup.2011.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tacrolimus (Tac) exhibits an interindividual pharmacokinetic variability that affects the dose required to reach the target concentration in blood. Tac is metabolized by two enzymes of the cytochrome P450 family, CYP3A5 and CYP3A4. The effect of the CYP3A5 genotype on Tac bioavailability has been demonstrated, and the main determinant of this pharmacogenetic effect is a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in intron 3 of CYP3A5 (6986 A>G; SNP rs776746; also known as CYP3A5*3). The mean dose-adjusted blood Tac concentration was significantly higher among CYP3A5*3 homozygotes than that of carriers of the wild-type allele (CYP3A5*1). In a recent prospective study, a group of kidney transplant patients received a Tac dose either according to the CYP3A5 genotype (the adapted group) or according to the standard regimen (the control group). All patients received induction therapy with mycophenolate mofetil, corticosteroids, and either basiliximab or intravenous anti-thymocyte globulin. Patients in the adapted-dose group required 3–8 days (median 6 days) to reach the target range compared with 3–25 days (median 7 days) in the control group (P=0.001). The total number of dose modifications was also lower in the adapted-dose group. This study also suggested that the CYP3A5 genotype might contribute minimally to the reduction of early acute rejection. However, additional studies are necessary to determine whether the pharmacogenetic approach could help reduce the necessity for induction therapy and co-immunosuppressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliecer Coto
- Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias , Oviedo, Spain ; Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo , Oviedo, Spain ; Fundación Renal 'Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo' , Madrid, Spain ; Red de Investigación Renal , Redinren, Spain
| | - Beatriz Tavira
- Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias , Oviedo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Suárez-Álvarez
- Red de Investigación Renal , Redinren, Spain ; Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias , Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlos López-Larrea
- Fundación Renal 'Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo' , Madrid, Spain ; Red de Investigación Renal , Redinren, Spain ; Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias , Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carmen Díaz-Corte
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo , Oviedo, Spain ; Red de Investigación Renal , Redinren, Spain ; Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias , Oviedo, Spain
| | - Francisco Ortega
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo , Oviedo, Spain ; Fundación Renal 'Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo' , Madrid, Spain ; Red de Investigación Renal , Redinren, Spain ; Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias , Oviedo, Spain
| | - Victoria Alvarez
- Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias , Oviedo, Spain
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Suárez-Álvarez B, Fernández-Sánchez A, López-Vázquez A, Coto E, Ortega F, López-Larrea C. NKG2D and its ligands: active factors in the outcome of solid organ transplantation? Kidney Int Suppl (2011) 2011; 1:52-57. [PMID: 25018903 PMCID: PMC4089716 DOI: 10.1038/kisup.2011.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of natural killer (NK) cells in solid organ transplantation is not well established, although several recent reports highlight the importance of the activating receptor NKG2D and its ligands in the development of rejection during transplantation. The human NKG2D ligands (MICA and MICB) are induced in allografts during acute and chronic rejection, and the presence of anti-MICA antibodies is correlated with a higher incidence of rejection. The binding of these ligands to its receptor NKG2D activates NK cells, enhances the functions of effectors, and allows NK cells to function as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity associated with the transplantation. In fact, blockage of NKG2D with the anti-NKG2D monoclonal antibodies prolongs graft survival and prevents CD28-independent rejection in heart and skin allograft mouse models. Furthermore, the current immunosuppressive therapies can modulate the expression of NK cell receptors and consequently the effector functions of NK cells. That is particularly important during the first few months after transplantation, when the susceptibility to opportunistic viral infections is higher and NKG2D has an essential role. In this review, we analyze in detail the potential role of the NKG2D-activating receptor and its ligands in the immune responses during the outcome of solid organ transplantation. These findings open a new pathway for therapeutic intervention that can contribute to tolerance in solid organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonio López-Vázquez
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias , Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eliecer Coto
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias , Oviedo, Spain ; Fundación Renal 'Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo' , Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Ortega
- Fundación Renal 'Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo' , Madrid, Spain ; Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias , Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlos López-Larrea
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias , Oviedo, Spain ; Fundación Renal 'Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo' , Madrid, Spain
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Gonzalez S, González-Rodríguez AP, Suárez-Álvarez B, López-Soto A, Huergo-Zapico L, Lopez-Larrea C. Conceptual aspects of self and nonself discrimination. Self Nonself 2011; 2:19-25. [PMID: 21776331 DOI: 10.4161/self.2.1.15094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Due to the variety and complexity of microorganisms, the mechanisms needed for pathogen recognition are diverse. Innate immune recognition is mainly based on a series of germ-line encoded receptors that have been selected by evolution to recognize nonself molecules present in microorganisms. Innate immunity also recognizes changes in our cells caused by infection, such as the lack or induction of self molecules. Adaptative immunity somatically generates large repertories of receptors which collectively recognize any nonself antigen. These receptors are randomly generated, and the adaptative immune system has to learn how to eliminate or inactivate cells with high avidity receptors for self molecules. Given the enormous variety of microbe structures and immune receptors, the difference between self and nonself is not absolute; it depends on the threshold of activation. In genetically diverse populations, individuals who have this activation threshold too far from the average may suffer an autoimmune reaction. Accumulation of mutations in cancer cells generates neoantigens that may be also recognized as nonself molecules, but the extent of self and nonself discrimination limits immune responsiveness to them. Surprisingly, most of the molecules expressed by cancer cells recognized by the immune system are non mutated self molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Segundo Gonzalez
- Functional Biology Department; Instituto Universitario Oncologico del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA); Universidad de Oviedo; Oviedo, Spain
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Suárez-Álvarez B, Rodriguez RM, Calvanese V, Blanco-Gelaz MA, Suhr ST, Ortega F, Otero J, Cibelli JB, Moore H, Fraga MF, López-Larrea C. Epigenetic mechanisms regulate MHC and antigen processing molecules in human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10192. [PMID: 20419139 PMCID: PMC2855718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are an attractive resource for new therapeutic approaches that involve tissue regeneration. hESCs have exhibited low immunogenicity due to low levels of Mayor Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class-I and absence of MHC class-II expression. Nevertheless, the mechanisms regulating MHC expression in hESCs had not been explored. Methodology/Principal Findings We analyzed the expression levels of classical and non-classical MHC class-I, MHC class-II molecules, antigen-processing machinery (APM) components and NKG2D ligands (NKG2D-L) in hESCs, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and NTera2 (NT2) teratocarcinoma cell line. Epigenetic mechanisms involved in the regulation of these genes were investigated by bisulfite sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. We showed that low levels of MHC class-I molecules were associated with absent or reduced expression of the transporter associated with antigen processing 1 (TAP-1) and tapasin (TPN) components in hESCs and iPSCs, which are involved in the transport and load of peptides. Furthermore, lack of β2-microglobulin (β2m) light chain in these cells limited the expression of MHC class I trimeric molecule on the cell surface. NKG2D ligands (MICA, MICB) were observed in all pluripotent stem cells lines. Epigenetic analysis showed that H3K9me3 repressed the TPN gene in undifferentiated cells whilst HLA-B and β2m acquired the H3K4me3 modification during the differentiation to embryoid bodies (EBs). Absence of HLA-DR and HLA-G expression was regulated by DNA methylation. Conclusions/Significance Our data provide fundamental evidence for the epigenetic control of MHC in hESCs and iPSCs. Reduced MHC class I and class II expression in hESCs and iPSCs can limit their recognition by the immune response against these cells. The knowledge of these mechanisms will further allow the development of strategies to induce tolerance and improve stem cell allograft acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Suárez-Álvarez
- Histocompatibility and Transplantation Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ramón M. Rodriguez
- Department of Animal Science and Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Unidad de Coordinación de Trasplantes y Terapia Celular, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Calvanese
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Blanco-Gelaz
- Histocompatibility and Transplantation Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Steve T. Suhr
- Department of Animal Science and Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Francisco Ortega
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Fundación Renal “Íñigo Álvarez de Toledo”, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Otero
- Unidad de Coordinación de Trasplantes y Terapia Celular, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jose B. Cibelli
- Department of Animal Science and Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Programa Andaluz de Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Andalucía, Spain
| | - Harry Moore
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Mario F. Fraga
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos López-Larrea
- Histocompatibility and Transplantation Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Fundación Renal “Íñigo Álvarez de Toledo”, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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González-Díaz E, Fernández-Fernández C, Suárez-Álvarez B, Reyero M, González-García C. Adenosis vaginal no relacionada con dietilestilbestrol. Clínica e Investigación en Ginecología y Obstetricia 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0210-573x(07)74495-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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