Mapping of Crown Rust (Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae) Resistance Gene Pc54 and a Novel Quantitative Trait Locus Effective Against Powdery Mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. avenae) in the Oat (Avena sativa) Line Pc54

The Pc54 oat line carries the crown rust resistance gene Pc54 and an unknown gene effective against powdery mildew. In this study, two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations were developed to identify the genomic locations of the two genes and produce lists of molecular markers with a potential for marker-assisted selection. The RILs and parents were phenotyped for crown rust and powdery mildew in a controlled environment. They were also genotyped using the 6K Illumina Infinium iSelect oat single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip. Multiple interval mapping placed Pc54 on the linkage group Mrg02 (chromosome 7D) and the novel powdery mildew quantitative trait locus (QTL) QPm.18 on Mrg18 (chromosome 1A) both in mapping and in the validating populations. A total of 9 and 31 significant molecular markers were identified linked with the Pc54 gene and QPm.18, respectively. Reactions to crown rust inoculations have justified separate identities of Pc54 from other genes and QTLs that have previously been reported on Mrg02 except for qPCRFd. Pm3 is the only powdery mildew resistance gene previously mapped on Mrg18. However, the pm3 differential line, Mostyn, was susceptible to the powdery mildew race used in this study, suggesting that Pm3 and QPm.18 are different genes. Determining the chromosomal locations of Pc54 and QPm.18 is helpful for better understanding of the molecular mechanism of resistance to crown rust and powdery mildew in oats. Furthermore, SNPs and single sequence repeats that are closely linked with the genes could be valuable for developing PCR-based molecular markers and facilitating the utilization of these genes in oat breeding programs.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.

Mapping of the stem rust resistance gene Pg13 in cultivated oat

The widely deployed, oat stem rust resistance gene Pg13 was mapped by linkage analysis and association mapping, and KASP markers were developed for marker-assisted selection in breeding programs. Pg13 is one of the most extensively deployed stem rust resistance genes in North American oat cultivars. Identification of markers tightly linked to this gene will be useful for routine marker-assisted selection, identification of gene pyramids, and retention of the gene in backcrosses and three-way crosses. To this end, high-density linkage maps were constructed in four bi-parental mapping populations using SNP markers identified from 6K oat Infinium iSelect and genotyping-by-sequencing platforms. Additionally, genome-wide associations were identified using two sets of association panels consisting of diverse elite oat lines in one set and landrace accessions in the other. The results showed that Pg13 was located at approximately 67.7 cM on linkage group Mrg18 of the consensus genetic map. The gene co-segregated with the 7C-17A translocation breakpoint and with crown rust resistance gene Pc91. Co-segregating markers with the best prediction accuracy were identified at 67.7-68.5 cM on Mrg18. KASP assays were developed for linked SNP loci for use in oat breeding.

Mapping of crown rust resistance gene Pc53 in oat (Avena sativa)

Crown rust disease caused by the fungus Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae (Pca) is a major production constraint of oat in North America, Europe, and Australia. There are over 100 genes effective against one or more Pca races, but only a handful of seedling resistance (Pc) genes have been mapped to a known chromosomal location. The goal of the present study was to use linkage mapping to identify the genomic location of the Pc53 gene, and to produce a list of linked SNPs with potential as molecular markers for marker assisted breeding. The Pc53 gene was placed on the linkage group Mrg08 at 82.4 cM using F5-derived recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross between the Pc53 carrier 6-112-1-15 (PI 311624) and the susceptible cultivar Otana. The map location was validated using RILs from a cross between 6-112-1-15 and the Pc50 differential line. Single nucleotide polymorphism marker GMI_ES02_c14533_567 was the closest to Pc53. A major seedling resistance gene 'PcKM' and QTL QcC.Core.08.1, QCr.Core.08.2, QCr.Core.08.3 and QCr.cdl9-12D were previously reported on Mrg08. QPc.Core.08.1 and PcKM were mapped to within 1 cM of Pc53; but previous virulence studies have indicated separate identities. The chromosomal location of Pc53 and SNPs linked with it will facilitate the utilization of Pc53 in oat breeding programs.

New Sources of Adult Plant and Seedling Resistance to Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae Identified among Avena sativa Accessions From the National Small Grains Collection

Accessions of cultivated oat (Avena sativa L.) from the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Small Grains Collection in Aberdeen, ID were characterized for adult plant resistance (APR) and seedling resistance to crown rust, caused by Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae. Initially, 607 oat accessions with diverse geographic origins were evaluated in field tests in Baton Rouge, LA. Of those, 97 accessions were not fully susceptible and were tested in the field in St. Paul, MN against a diverse P. coronata f. sp. avenae population. Thirty-six accessions that had some level of resistance in both field tests and mean coefficients of infection of ≤20 were further evaluated for APR and seedling resistance. Among these, four accessions (PI 193040, PI 194201, PI 237090, and PI 247930) were resistant to eight P. coronata f. sp. avenae races as seedlings. Twenty-nine accessions had resistance to at least one of the P. coronata f. sp. avenae races. Three accessions (CIav 2272, CIav 3390, and PI 285583) were fully susceptible to all eight P. coronata f. sp. avenae races as seedlings. Further evaluation of the three seedling-susceptible accessions at the flag leaf stage in a growth chamber resulted in moderately susceptible to moderately resistant responses. The resistance sources presented here may contain genes not deployed in elite oat varieties, and may be useful for future crown rust resistance breeding. The adult and seedling resistance found in accessions of the cultivated oat species is especially valuable because it avoids problems associated with the transfer of genes from wild species to cultivated oat.