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Measurements of Groomed-Jet Substructure of Charm Jets Tagged by D^{0} Mesons in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:192301. [PMID: 38000395 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.192301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the role of parton mass and Casimir color factors in the quantum chromodynamics parton shower represents an important step in characterizing the emission properties of heavy quarks. Recent experimental advances in jet substructure techniques have provided the opportunity to isolate and characterize gluon emissions from heavy quarks. In this Letter, the first direct experimental constraint on the charm-quark splitting function is presented, obtained via the measurement of the groomed shared momentum fraction of the first splitting in charm jets, tagged by a reconstructed D^{0} meson. The measurement is made in proton-proton collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV, in the low jet transverse-momentum interval of 15≤p_{T}^{jet ch}<30 GeV/c where the emission properties are sensitive to parton mass effects. In addition, the opening angle of the first perturbative emission of the charm quark, as well as the number of perturbative emissions it undergoes, is reported. Comparisons to measurements of an inclusive-jet sample show a steeper splitting function for charm quarks compared with gluons and light quarks. Charm quarks also undergo fewer perturbative emissions in the parton shower, with a reduced probability of large-angle emissions.
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Measurement of the Lifetime and Λ Separation Energy of _{Λ}^{3}H. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:102302. [PMID: 37739380 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.102302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The most precise measurements to date of the _{Λ}^{3}H lifetime τ and Λ separation energy B_{Λ} are obtained using the data sample of Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV collected by ALICE at the LHC. The _{Λ}^{3}H is reconstructed via its charged two-body mesonic decay channel (_{Λ}^{3}H→^{3}He+π^{-} and the charge-conjugate process). The measured values τ=[253±11(stat)±6(syst)] ps and B_{Λ}=[102±63(stat)±67(syst)] keV are compatible with predictions from effective field theories and confirm that the _{Λ}^{3}H structure is consistent with a weakly bound system.
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Fiber reinforced hydrated networks recapitulate the poroelastic mechanics of articular cartilage. Acta Biomater 2023; 167:69-82. [PMID: 37331613 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The role of poroelasticity on the functional performance of articular cartilage has been established in the scientific literature since the 1960s. Despite the extensive knowledge on this topic there remain few attempts to design for poroelasticity and to our knowledge no demonstration of an engineered poroelastic material that approaches the physiological performance. In this paper, we report on the development of an engineered material that begins to approach physiological poroelasticity. We quantify poroelasticity using the fluid load fraction, apply mixture theory to model the material system, and determine cytocompatibility using primary human mesenchymal stem cells. The design approach is based on a fiber reinforced hydrated network and uses routine fabrication methods (electrohydrodynamic deposition) and materials (poly[ɛ-caprolactone] and gelatin) to develop the engineered poroelastic material. This composite material achieved a mean peak fluid load fraction of 68%, displayed consistency with mixture theory, and demonstrated cytocompatibility. This work creates a foundation for designing poroelastic cartilage implants and developing scaffold systems to study chondrocyte mechanobiology and tissue engineering. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Poroelasticity drives the functional mechanics of articular cartilage (load bearing and lubrication). In this work we develop the design rationale and approach to produce a poroelastic material, known as a fiber reinforced hydrated network (FiHy™), that begins to approach the native performance of articular cartilage. This is the first engineered material system capable of exceeding isotropic linear poroelastic theory. The framework developed here enables fundamental studies of poroelasticity and the development of translational materials for cartilage repair.
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Measurement of the J/ψ Polarization with Respect to the Event Plane in Pb-Pb Collisions at the LHC. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:042303. [PMID: 37566833 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.042303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
We study the polarization of inclusive J/ψ produced in Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV at the LHC in the dimuon channel, via the measurement of the angular distribution of its decay products. We perform the study in the rapidity region 2.5
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First Measurement of Antideuteron Number Fluctuations at Energies Available at the Large Hadron Collider. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:041901. [PMID: 37566856 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.041901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The first measurement of event-by-event antideuteron number fluctuations in high energy heavy-ion collisions is presented. The measurements are carried out at midrapidity (|η|<0.8) as a function of collision centrality in Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV using the ALICE detector. A significant negative correlation between the produced antiprotons and antideuterons is observed in all collision centralities. The results are compared with a state-of-the-art coalescence calculation. While it describes the ratio of higher order cumulants of the antideuteron multiplicity distribution, it fails to describe quantitatively the magnitude of the correlation between antiproton and antideuteron production. On the other hand, thermal-statistical model calculations describe all the measured observables within uncertainties only for correlation volumes that are different with respect to those describing proton yields and a similar measurement of net-proton number fluctuations.
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First study of the two-body scattering involving charm hadrons. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.106.052010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Review: Bioavailability of trace elements in farm animals: definition and practical considerations for improved assessment of efficacy and safety. Animal 2022; 16:100598. [PMID: 35952480 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the authorisation procedure of trace elements as feed additives in the European Union according to Regulation (EC) No. 1831/2003 does not consider the bioavailability of trace element sources. This manuscript provides framework conditions for in vivo experiments that aim to estimate differences in the relative bioavailability between supplements of essential trace elements. Framework conditions encompass necessary technical information on the test substance, the experimental design and diet composition as well as the suitability of status parameters that allow for relative comparisons of regression variables. This manuscript evolves recommendations for researchers to conduct solid and reliable experiments on the matter as well as decision makers to interpret the value of studies submitted with authorisation applications regarding a certain trace element supplement.
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Comparison of switching to 6-week dosing of natalizumab versus continuing with 4-week dosing in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (NOVA): a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3b trial. Lancet Neurol 2022; 21:608-619. [PMID: 35483387 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(22)00143-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment with natalizumab once every 4 weeks is approved for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, but is associated with a risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Switching to extended-interval dosing is associated with lower progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy risk, but the efficacy of this approach is unclear. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of natalizumab once every 6 weeks compared with once every 4 weeks in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. METHODS We did a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3b trial (NOVA) at 89 multiple sclerosis centres across 11 countries in the Americas, Europe, and Western Pacific. Included participants were aged 18-60 years with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and had been treated with intravenous natalizumab 300 mg once every 4 weeks with no relapses for at least 12 months before randomisation, with no missed doses in the previous 3 months. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1), using a randomisation sequence generated by the study funder and contract personnel with interactive response technology, to switch to natalizumab once every 6 weeks or continue with once every 4 weeks. The centralised MRI reader, independent neurology evaluation committee, site examining neurologists, site backup examining neurologists, and site examining technicians were masked to study group assignments. The primary endpoint was the number of new or newly enlarging T2 hyperintense lesions at week 72, assessed in all participants who received at least one dose of assigned treatment and had at least one postbaseline MRI, relapse, or neurological examination or efficacy assessment. Missing primary endpoint data were handled under prespecified primary and secondary estimands: the primary estimand included all data, regardless of whether participants remained on the assigned treatment; the secondary estimand classed all data obtained after treatment discontinuation or study withdrawal as missing. Safety was assessed in all participants who received at least one dose of study treatment. Study enrolment is closed and an open-label extension study is ongoing. This study is registered with EudraCT, 2018-002145-11, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03689972. FINDINGS Between Dec 26, 2018, and Aug 30, 2019, 605 patients were assessed for eligibility and 499 were enrolled and assigned to receive natalizumab once every 6 weeks (n=251) or once every 4 weeks (n=248). After prespecified adjustments for missing data, mean numbers of new or newly enlarging T2 hyperintense lesions at week 72 were 0·20 (95% CI 0·07-0·63) in the once every 6 weeks group and 0·05 (0·01-0·22) in the once every 4 weeks group (mean lesion ratio 4·24 [95% CI 0·86-20·85]; p=0·076) under the primary estimand, and 0·31 (95% CI 0·12-0·82) and 0·06 (0·01-0·31; mean lesion ratio 4·93 [95% CI 1·05-23·20]; p=0·044) under the secondary estimand. Two participants in the once every 6 weeks group with extreme new or newly enlarging T2 hyperintense lesion numbers (≥25) contributed most of the excess lesions. Adverse events occurred in 194 (78%) of 250 participants in the once every 6 weeks group and 190 (77%) of 247 in the once every 4 weeks group, and serious adverse events occurred in 17 (7%) and 17 (7%), respectively. No deaths were reported. There was one case of asymptomatic progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (without clinical signs) in the once every 6 weeks group, and no cases in the once every 4 weeks group; 6 months after diagnosis, the participant was without increased disability and remained classified as asymptomatic. INTERPRETATION We found a numerical difference in the mean number of new or newly enlarging T2 hyperintense lesions at week 72 between the once every 6 weeks and once every 4 weeks groups, which reached significance under the secondary estimand, but interpretation of statistical differences (or absence thereof) is limited because disease activity in the once every 4 weeks group was lower than expected. The safety profiles of natalizumab once every 6 weeks and once every 4 weeks were similar. Although this trial was not powered to assess differences in risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, the occurrence of the (asymptomatic) case underscores the importance of monitoring and risk factor consideration in all patients receiving natalizumab. FUNDING Biogen.
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Hypertriton Production in p-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:252003. [PMID: 35802430 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.252003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The study of nuclei and antinuclei production has proven to be a powerful tool to investigate the formation mechanism of loosely bound states in high-energy hadronic collisions. The first measurement of the production of _{Λ}^{3}H in p-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV is presented in this Letter. Its production yield measured in the rapidity interval -1<y<0 for the 40% highest-multiplicity p-Pb collisions is dN/dy=[6.3±1.8(stat)±1.2(syst)]×10^{-7}. The measurement is compared with the expectations of statistical hadronization and coalescence models, which describe the nucleosynthesis in hadronic collisions. These two models predict very different yields of the hypertriton in charged particle multiplicity environments relevant to small collision systems such as p-Pb, and therefore the measurement of dN/dy is crucial to distinguish between them. The precision of this measurement leads to the exclusion with a significance larger than 6.9σ of some configurations of the statistical hadronization model, thus constraining the theory behind the production of loosely bound states at hadron colliders.
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Polarization of Λ and Λ[over ¯] Hyperons along the Beam Direction in Pb-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s]_{NN}=5.02 TeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:172005. [PMID: 35570422 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.172005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The polarization of the Λ and Λ[over ¯] hyperons along the beam (z) direction, P_{z}, has been measured in Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV recorded with ALICE at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The main contribution to P_{z} comes from elliptic flow-induced vorticity and can be characterized by the second Fourier sine coefficient P_{z,s2}=⟨P_{z}sin(2φ-2Ψ_{2})⟩, where φ is the hyperon azimuthal emission angle and Ψ_{2} is the elliptic flow plane angle. We report the measurement of P_{z,s2} for different collision centralities and in the 30%-50% centrality interval as a function of the hyperon transverse momentum and rapidity. The P_{z,s2} is positive similarly as measured by the STAR Collaboration in Au-Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV, with somewhat smaller amplitude in the semicentral collisions. This is the first experimental evidence of a nonzero hyperon P_{z} in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC. The comparison of the measured P_{z,s2} with the hydrodynamic model calculations shows sensitivity to the competing contributions from thermal and the recently found shear-induced vorticity, as well as to whether the polarization is acquired at the quark-gluon plasma or the hadronic phase.
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Measurement of the Groomed Jet Radius and Momentum Splitting Fraction in pp and Pb-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:102001. [PMID: 35333086 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.102001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This article presents groomed jet substructure measurements in pp and Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector. The soft drop grooming algorithm provides access to the hard parton splittings inside a jet by removing soft wide-angle radiation. We report the groomed jet momentum splitting fraction, z_{g}, and the (scaled) groomed jet radius, θ_{g}. Charged-particle jets are reconstructed at midrapidity using the anti-k_{T} algorithm with resolution parameters R=0.2 and R=0.4. In heavy-ion collisions, the large underlying event poses a challenge for the reconstruction of groomed jet observables, since fluctuations in the background can cause groomed parton splittings to be misidentified. By using strong grooming conditions to reduce this background, we report these observables fully corrected for detector effects and background fluctuations for the first time. A narrowing of the θ_{g} distribution in Pb-Pb collisions compared to pp collisions is seen, which provides direct evidence of the modification of the angular structure of jets in the quark-gluon plasma. No significant modification of the z_{g} distribution in Pb-Pb collisions compared to pp collisions is observed. These results are compared with a variety of theoretical models of jet quenching, and provide constraints on jet energy-loss mechanisms and coherence effects in the quark-gluon plasma.
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Measurement of Prompt D^{0}, Λ_{c}^{+}, and Σ_{c}^{0,++}(2455) Production in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:012001. [PMID: 35061479 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.012001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The p_{T}-differential production cross sections of prompt D^{0}, Λ_{c}^{+}, and Σ_{c}^{0,++}(2455) charmed hadrons are measured at midrapidity (|y|<0.5) in pp collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV. This is the first measurement of Σ_{c}^{0,++} production in hadronic collisions. Assuming the same production yield for the three Σ_{c}^{0,+,++} isospin states, the baryon-to-meson cross section ratios Σ_{c}^{0,+,++}/D^{0} and Λ_{c}^{+}/D^{0} are calculated in the transverse momentum (p_{T}) intervals 2<p_{T}<12 and 1<p_{T}<24 GeV/c. Values significantly larger than in e^{+}e^{-} collisions are observed, indicating for the first time that baryon enhancement in hadronic collisions also extends to the Σ_{c}. The feed-down contribution to Λ_{c}^{+} production from Σ_{c}^{0,+,++} is also reported and is found to be larger than in e^{+}e^{-} collisions. The data are compared with predictions from event generators and other phenomenological models, providing a sensitive test of the different charm-hadronization mechanisms implemented in the models.
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Measurement of the Cross Sections of Ξ_{c}^{0} and Ξ_{c}^{+} Baryons and of the Branching-Fraction Ratio BR(Ξ_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}e^{+}ν_{e})/BR(Ξ_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}π^{+}) in pp Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:272001. [PMID: 35061415 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.272001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The p_{T}-differential cross sections of prompt charm-strange baryons Ξ_{c}^{0} and Ξ_{c}^{+} were measured at midrapidity (|y|<0.5) in proton-proton (pp) collisions at a center-of-mass energy sqrt[s]=13 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The Ξ_{c}^{0} baryon was reconstructed via both the semileptonic decay (Ξ^{-}e^{+}ν_{e}) and the hadronic decay (Ξ^{-}π^{+}) channels. The Ξ_{c}^{+} baryon was reconstructed via the hadronic decay (Ξ^{-}π^{+}π^{+}) channel. The branching-fraction ratio BR(Ξ_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}e^{+}ν_{e})/BR(Ξ_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}π^{+})=1.38±0.14(stat)±0.22(syst) was measured with a total uncertainty reduced by a factor of about 3 with respect to the current world average reported by the Particle Data Group. The transverse momentum (p_{T}) dependence of the Ξ_{c}^{0}- and Ξ_{c}^{+}-baryon production relative to the D^{0} meson and to the Σ_{c}^{0,+,++}- and Λ_{c}^{+}-baryon production are reported. The baryon-to-meson ratio increases toward low p_{T} up to a value of approximately 0.3. The measurements are compared with various models that take different hadronization mechanisms into consideration. The results provide stringent constraints to these theoretical calculations and additional evidence that different processes are involved in charm hadronization in electron-positron (e^{+}e^{-}) and hadronic collisions.
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Λ_{c}^{+} Production and Baryon-to-Meson Ratios in pp and p-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV at the LHC. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:202301. [PMID: 34860039 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.202301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The prompt production of the charm baryon Λ_{c}^{+} and the Λ_{c}^{+}/D^{0} production ratios were measured at midrapidity with the ALICE detector in pp and p-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV. These new measurements show a clear decrease of the Λ_{c}^{+}/D^{0} ratio with increasing transverse momentum (p_{T}) in both collision systems in the range 2<p_{T}<12 GeV/c, exhibiting similarities with the light-flavor baryon-to-meson ratios p/π and Λ/K_{S}^{0}. At low p_{T}, predictions that include additional color-reconnection mechanisms beyond the leading-color approximation, assume the existence of additional higher-mass charm-baryon states, or include hadronization via coalescence can describe the data, while predictions driven by charm-quark fragmentation processes measured in e^{+}e^{-} and e^{-}p collisions significantly underestimate the data. The results presented in this Letter provide significant evidence that the established assumption of universality (colliding-system independence) of parton-to-hadron fragmentation is not sufficient to describe charm-baryon production in hadronic collisions at LHC energies.
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491: Prospective Evaluation of nontuberculous mycobacterial Disease in Cystic fibrosis Trial (PREDICT): Colorado single center (2013–2018). J Cyst Fibros 2021. [PMCID: PMC8518469 DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(21)01915-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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513: Network analysis to identify multiomic correlations in the lower cystic fibrosis airway. J Cyst Fibros 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(21)01937-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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518: Relationships between mucin integrity and microbiota in the pediatric CF airway. J Cyst Fibros 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(21)01942-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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452: Contribution of fungus to the airway microbiome in children with and without cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(21)01876-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32: Relationship between sweat electrolytes and genotype severity in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(21)01457-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Experimental Evidence for an Attractive p-ϕ Interaction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:172301. [PMID: 34739260 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.172301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This Letter presents the first experimental evidence of the attractive strong interaction between a proton and a ϕ meson. The result is obtained from two-particle correlations of combined p-ϕ⊕ p[over ¯]-ϕ pairs measured in high-multiplicity pp collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV by the ALICE Collaboration. The spin-averaged scattering length and effective range of the p-ϕ interaction are extracted from the fully corrected correlation function employing the Lednický-Lyuboshits approach. In particular, the imaginary part of the scattering length vanishes within uncertainties, indicating that inelastic processes do not play a prominent role for the p-ϕ interaction. These data demonstrate that the interaction is dominated by elastic p-ϕ scattering. Furthermore, an analysis employing phenomenological Gaussian- and Yukawa-type potentials is conducted. Under the assumption of the latter, the N-ϕ coupling constant is found to be g_{N-ϕ}=0.14±0.03(stat)±0.02(syst). This work provides valuable experimental input to accomplish a self-consistent description of the N-ϕ interaction, which is particularly relevant for the more fundamental studies on partial restoration of chiral symmetry in nuclear medium.
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Alterations in the Magnetoencephalography Default Mode Effective Connectivity following Concussion. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:1776-1782. [PMID: 34503943 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Magnetoencephalography is sensitive to functional connectivity changes associated with concussion. However, the directional influences between functionally related regions remain unexplored. In this study, we therefore evaluated concussion-related magnetoencephalography-based effective connectivity changes within resting-state default mode network regions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Resting-state magnetoencephalography was acquired for 8 high school football players with concussion at 3 time points (preseason, postconcussion, postseason), as well as 8 high school football players without concussion and 8 age-matched controls at 2 time points (preseason, postseason). Time-series from the default mode network regions were extracted, and effective connectivity between them was computed for 5 different frequency bands. The default mode network regions were grouped into anterior and posterior default mode networks. The combined posterior-to-anterior and anterior-to-posterior effective connectivity values were averaged to generate 2 sets of values for each subject. The effective connectivity values were compared using a repeated measures ANOVA across time points for the concussed, nonconcussed, and control groups, separately. RESULTS A significant increase in posterior-to-anterior effective connectivity from preseason to postconcussion (corrected P value = .013) and a significant decrease in posterior-to-anterior effective connectivity from postconcussion to postseason (corrected P value = .028) were observed in the concussed group. Changes in effective connectivity were only significant within the delta band. Anterior-to-posterior connectivity demonstrated no significant change. Effective connectivity in the nonconcussed group and controls did not show significant differences. CONCLUSIONS The unidirectional increase in effective connectivity postconcussion may elucidate compensatory processes, invoking use of posterior regions to aid the function of susceptible anterior regions following brain injury. These findings support the potential value of magnetoencephalography in exploring directional changes of the brain network following concussion.
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Multiharmonic Correlations of Different Flow Amplitudes in Pb-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=2.76 TeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:092302. [PMID: 34506195 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.092302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The event-by-event correlations between three flow amplitudes are measured for the first time in Pb-Pb collisions, using higher-order symmetric cumulants. We find that different three-harmonic correlations develop during the collective evolution of the medium when compared to correlations that exist in the initial state. These new results cannot be interpreted in terms of previous lower-order flow measurements since contributions from two-harmonic correlations are explicitly removed in the new observables. A comparison to Monte Carlo simulations provides new and independent constraints for the initial conditions and system properties of nuclear matter created in heavy-ion collisions.
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Soft-Dielectron Excess in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:042302. [PMID: 34355943 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.042302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A measurement of dielectron production in proton-proton (pp) collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV, recorded with the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC, is presented in this Letter. The data set was recorded with a reduced magnetic solenoid field. This enables the investigation of a kinematic domain at low dielectron (ee) invariant mass m_{ee} and pair transverse momentum p_{T,ee} that was previously inaccessible at the LHC. The cross section for dielectron production is studied as a function of m_{ee}, p_{T,ee}, and event multiplicity dN_{ch}/dη. The expected dielectron rate from hadron decays, called hadronic cocktail, utilizes a parametrization of the measured η/π^{0} ratio in pp and proton-nucleus collisions, assuming that this ratio shows no strong dependence on collision energy at low transverse momentum. Comparison of the measured dielectron yield to the hadronic cocktail at 0.15<m_{ee}<0.6 GeV/c^{2} and for p_{T,ee}<0.4 GeV/c indicates an enhancement of soft dielectrons, reminiscent of the "anomalous" soft-photon and soft-dilepton excess in hadron-hadron collisions reported by several experiments under different experimental conditions. The enhancement factor over the hadronic cocktail amounts to 1.61±0.13(stat)±0.17(syst,data)±0.34(syst,cocktail) in the ALICE acceptance. Acceptance-corrected excess spectra in m_{ee} and p_{T,ee} are extracted and compared with calculations of dielectron production from hadronic bremsstrahlung and thermal radiation within a hadronic many-body approach.
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Auswirkungen des österreichischen Waschmittelgesetzes auf den Gewässerschutz des Bodensees / Effects of the Austrian Waschmittelgesetz on the Waterprotection of Lake Constance. TENSIDE SURFACT DET 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/tsd-1987-240618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Elliptic Flow of Electrons from Beauty-Hadron Decays in Pb-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:162001. [PMID: 33961482 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.162001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The elliptic flow of electrons from beauty hadron decays at midrapidity (|y|<0.8) is measured in Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The azimuthal distribution of the particles produced in the collisions can be parametrized with a Fourier expansion, in which the second harmonic coefficient represents the elliptic flow, v_{2}. The v_{2} coefficient of electrons from beauty hadron decays is measured for the first time in the transverse momentum (p_{T}) range 1.3-6 GeV/c in the centrality class 30%-50%. The measurement of electrons from beauty-hadron decays exploits their larger mean proper decay length cτ≈500 μm compared to that of charm hadrons and most of the other background sources. The v_{2} of electrons from beauty hadron decays at midrapidity is found to be positive with a significance of 3.75 σ. The results provide insights into the degree of thermalization of beauty quarks in the medium. A model assuming full thermalization of beauty quarks is strongly disfavored by the measurement at high p_{T}, but is in agreement with the results at low p_{T}. Transport models including substantial interactions of beauty quarks with an expanding strongly interacting medium describe the measurement within uncertainties.
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Experiences with tailoring treatment modules in online versus face-to-face CBT. Eur Psychiatry 2021. [PMCID: PMC9471777 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Guided self-help interventions are effective in treating symptoms of various mental disorders, including depressive, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorders. Research also suggests that these interventions may be effective for refugee populations. However, proportion of drop-out and non-response are substantial, especially in this highly vulnerable group of patients. Tailoring treatments to the individual patient may be an important step towards improving patient-treatment fit and may help to increase success rates. While tailoring can be easily realized in face-to-face treatments, it becomes more complex in Internet-based treatments where treatment sequences are usually defined in advance. In this talk, we will present our theoretical considerations and decisions regarding the tailoring process in a randomized-controlled comparison of transdiagnostic CBT for refugee patients in an online versus face-to-face format. The trial will include N=320 Arabic speaking patients suffering from an emotional disorder. The transdiagnostic treatment includes modules for symptoms of depression, anxiety, substance abuse, post-traumatic stress, aggression, and suicidal ideation. Modules are tailored to the specific patient. We will discuss who or what should inform the tailoring decision (patient, therapist, questionnaire data, diagnostic interview) and when tailoring decisions should be made (prior and/or early and/or later in treatment). We will present options of how tailoring decisions can be standardized and be kept comparable in different treatment formats. We will present our first experiences with tailoring treatment modules to severely impaired and highly comorbid patients.
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OC-09 Proteomic profiling in cancer-associated VTE. Thromb Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(21)00151-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Responding to the new International Classification of Diseases-11 prolonged grief disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic: a new bereavement network and three-tiered model of care. Public Health 2021; 191:85-90. [PMID: 33556639 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The field of bereavement research and care is at a tipping point. The introduction of prolonged grief disorder (PGD) in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) has ignited clinical interest in this new disorder, along with debate over challenges in validating and implementing these new criteria. At the same time, the global COVID-19 pandemic has launched several local and international efforts to provide urgent support and comfort for individuals and communities suffering from grief. Recently, grief experts have called for a collective response to these complicated bereavements and possible increase in PGD due to COVID-19. Here we outline a new European network that aims to unite a community of grief researchers and clinicians to provide accessible, evidence-based support particularly during times of unprecedent crisis. The Bereavement Network Europe (BNE) has been developed with two main aims. Firstly, to develop expert agreed, internationally acceptable guidelines for bereavement care through a three-tiered approach. Secondly, to provide a platform for researchers and clinicians to share knowledge, collaborate, and develop consensus protocols to facilitate the introduction of PGD to diverse stakeholders. This article outlines the current status and aims of the BNE along with the plans for upcoming network initiatives and the three-tiered bereavement care guidelines in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Large-for-gestational age diagnosed during second-trimester anatomy ultrasound and association with gestational diabetes and large-for-gestational age at birth. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2020; 56:901-905. [PMID: 31763722 DOI: 10.1002/uog.21930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine if large-for-gestational age (LGA) diagnosed during second-trimester ultrasound examination is associated with the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and LGA at birth. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of all pregnant women who underwent a second-trimester anatomy ultrasound examination between 18 and 22 weeks at our institution from 2012 to 2017. Patients were included in the LGA group if estimated fetal weight and/or fetal abdominal circumference was ≥ 90th percentile for gestational age. Patients with a history of pre-GDM, multiple gestation, preterm delivery, use of betamethasone or fetal anomaly were excluded. The control group consisted of appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) pregnancies that were scanned at 18-22 weeks during the study period. AGA was defined as EFW > 10th percentile and ≤ 89th percentile. Prenatal and delivery records were reviewed and demographic and outcome variables were collected. Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to assess the impact of LGA diagnosed in the second trimester on the development of GDM and LGA at birth (birth weight ≥ 90th percentile). RESULTS The study population included 756 patients with a LGA fetus and 756 with an AGA fetus on second-trimester ultrasound examination. In patients with a LGA fetus diagnosed during the second-trimester ultrasound examination, the incidence of GDM was 6.0% and the incidence of LGA at birth was 14.9%. Among patients with a LGA fetus in the second trimester, those who developed GDM or LGA at birth were significantly older and were more likely to be obese. Moreover, parity was associated with neonatal LGA (P = 0.0003) but not with GDM (P = 0.82). On multivariable logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age, parity, change in gestational body mass index, obesity, ethnicity and neonatal sex, LGA diagnosed during the second trimester was associated significantly with GDM (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 2.54; 95% CI, 1.29-5.03; P = 0.007) and LGA at birth (aOR, 6.85; 95% CI, 3.60-13.05; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS LGA diagnosed during second-trimester ultrasound examination is associated with the development of GDM and LGA at birth, independent of known risk factors, and could be used to identify these women earlier for intervention. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Spontaneous coronary artery dissection: novel pathophysiological insights from histological and ultrastructural tissue analysis. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.1528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a cause of acute coronary syndromes and rarely sudden cardiac death (SCD). SCAD is characterised by medial false lumen haematoma formation and periadventitial inflammatory cell infiltrate. Although SCAD has been linked to connective tissue disorders, its pathophysiology remains poorly understood and the role of inflammation unknown.
Purpose
We sought to establish the definitive histopathological features of SCAD and explore pathophysiological mechanisms through assessment of dermal connective tissue ultrastructure.
Methods
N=36 SCD cases diagnosed as SCAD on autopsy were identified in pathology archives at four international centres. Their demographic and clinical characteristics were compared with n=359 survivors recruited in a SCAD survivors cohort. Haematoxylin & eosin sections were examined under light microscope. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was employed for quantification of inflammatory cell infiltrate (CD68, CD3) and vasa vasorum density (CD31) of SCAD cases (n=20) compared to age- and sex-matched controls (n=10). Dermal extracellular matrix components (EMC) of n=32 SCAD survivors and n=16 healthy volunteers (HV) were compared using electron microscopy (EM).
Results
The autopsy series cases were more likely to be male (p=0.0256) and had higher incidence of left main stem (p=0.0475) and proximal left anterior descending (p<0.001) disease compared to SCAD survivors. N=24 (66%) of SCAD autopsy case showed no evidence of myocardial necrosis. N=17 (47%) showed mild-moderate atherosclerotic changes but no features of fibromuscular dysplasia. There were no differences in vasa vasorum density between SCAD and control cases (A). The degree of inflammatory cell infiltrate varied greatly but significantly higher than controls (B), comprising CD68+ macrophages, eosinophils and CD3+ positive T-cells. There was a statistically significant association (p=0.006) between the degree of inflammatory cell infiltrate and the length of time from onset of symptoms to death (Panel C), as well as significantly (p<0.001) denser inflammatory cell infiltrate adjacent to the dissection plane (D, exemplary sections E&F). EM revealed no differences between SCAD and HV in dermal fibroblast size & activity or elastin size & damage indicators, but possible changes in subgroups with more extreme clinical phenotype or pregnancy-related SCAD (G).
Conclusions
To our knowledge this is the largest SCAD pathology case series so far. We show for the first time that periadvential inflammation in SCAD appears to be time-dependent and localising to the dissected coronary segment, suggesting healing response to injury rather than causal contribution. We found no evidence to suggest increased vasa vasorum density is pathophysiologically important. Connective tissue changes were only linked to a small proportion of cases. These novel findings may have important implications for the management of SCAD patients.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Foundation. Main funding source(s): British Heart Foundation, Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre
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Measurement of the Low-Energy Antideuteron Inelastic Cross Section. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:162001. [PMID: 33124836 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.162001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we report the first measurement of the inelastic cross section for antideuteron-nucleus interactions at low particle momenta, covering a range of 0.3≤p<4 GeV/c. The measurement is carried out using p-Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon-nucleon pair of sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV, recorded with the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC and utilizing the detector material as an absorber for antideuterons and antiprotons. The extracted raw primary antiparticle-to-particle ratios are compared to the results from detailed ALICE simulations based on the geant4 toolkit for the propagation of (anti)particles through the detector material. The analysis of the raw primary (anti)proton spectra serves as a benchmark for this study, since their hadronic interaction cross sections are well constrained experimentally. The first measurement of the inelastic cross section for antideuteron-nucleus interactions averaged over the ALICE detector material with atomic mass numbers ⟨A⟩=17.4 and 31.8 is obtained. The measured inelastic cross section points to a possible excess with respect to the Glauber model parametrization used in geant4 in the lowest momentum interval of 0.3≤p<0.47 GeV/c up to a factor 2.1. This result is relevant for the understanding of antimatter propagation and the contributions to antinuclei production from cosmic ray interactions within the interstellar medium. In addition, the momentum range covered by this measurement is of particular importance to evaluate signal predictions for indirect dark-matter searches.
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A Comprehensive Monitoring Study on Electrocardiographic Assessments and Cardiac Events After Fingolimod First Dose-Possible Predictors of Cardiac Outcomes. Front Neurol 2020; 11:818. [PMID: 32903376 PMCID: PMC7434833 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: First dose observation for cardiac effects is required for fingolimod. Previous results in patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) suggest that transient bradycardia and conduction abnormalities during the observation phase are rare, benign and reversible. Prior analyses corroborate these findings. The present large scale dataset allows subgroup analyses for differences in the incidence of cardiac findings depending on patient characteristics. Methods: START was an open-label, multi-center study that enrolled 6,998 RRMS patients. Primary endpoints were incidence of bradycardia (heart rate < 45 bpm) and second-/third-degree atrioventricular (AV) block during treatment initiation. Subgroup analyses were performed according to age, gender, body mass index (BMI), baseline expanded disability status scale (EDSS), and concomitant medication to determine the impact of these variables on cardiac outcomes parameters. Results: 63 patients (0.9%) developed bradycardia (<45 bpm), 120 patients (1.7%) had a second-degree Mobitz I (Wenkebach) block and/or 2:1 AV block. One case of an asymptomatic third-degree AV block occurred. No Mobitz II AV block was observed. After 1 week, no second-/third-degree AV block was observed. The incidence of second- or third-degree AV blocks was significantly higher in older patients (≥50 years; p = 0.014 vs. patients 35–49 years). Second- or third-degree AV blocks were more frequent in females (87.5% of all patients with a second- or third-degree AV block; p < 0.001), while bradycardia occurred more often in males (58.7% of all bradycardia events; p < 0.001). Furthermore, patients with a BMI below 25 had a higher incidence of second- or third-degree AV block. Conclusions: In summary, transient bradycardia and AV conduction abnormalities after the first dose of fingolimod were rare and asymptomatic. When compared to females, male patients might have a higher risk for bradycardia during treatment initiation, presumably due to a lower resting heart rate. Furthermore, a low heart rate before treatment initiation, low body weight, or low BMI possibly increases the risk for bradycardia. Second- or third-degree AV blocks were more frequent in females, older patients and patients with a low BMI. Nevertheless, these cardiac events remained rare and benign, confirming the favorable cardiac safety profile of fingolimod upon treatment initiation in MS patients without cardiovascular comorbidities.
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Non-invasive approximation of elemental composition of historic inks by LA-ICP-MS measurements of bathophenanthroline indicators. Talanta 2020; 222:121520. [PMID: 33167230 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The approximated identification of elemental composition of historic iron gall-inks is proposed based on results of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) measurements combined with a quick detection of iron (II) ions. Colorimetric response of test papers soaked with bathophenanthroline (BPhen) allows for detection of iron in the form of red-coloured complex of Fe(II) with BPhen. A co-migration of other elements (Cu, Zn, Pb, Al, K, Na, Mg) into indicators was confirmed by LA-ICP-MS measurements allowing for approximation of chemical diversity of handwritten documents in a totally non-invasive manner in respect to originals. The proposed analytical approach for in-direct studies of unique documents was tested on historic and model samples. The idea of approximation of elemental composition of the historic inks was found promising for purposes of conservation diagnosis towards estimation of corrosiveness of inks and eventual fingerprinting. It has been demonstrated that the presence of Fe as well as other elements (S, Cu and Mn) which are significant for recognition of ink corrosion can be detected in the used indicators extending the possibilities of examining valuable manuscripts in a way that is completely neutral for them.
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Childhood maltreatment in bariatric patients and its association with postoperative weight, depressive, and eating disorder symptoms. Eat Weight Disord 2020; 25:999-1010. [PMID: 31154633 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-019-00720-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aimed to compare prevalence rates of childhood maltreatment between patients with severe obesity undergoing bariatric surgery and patients without a surgical procedure. Second purpose was to calculate the association between childhood maltreatment and outcomes 6 and 12 months after a bariatric procedure. METHODS Childhood maltreatment was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and compared between 120 bariatric surgery patients and 346 non-surgery patients with severe obesity. For the bariatric surgery subgroup, linear mixed models with repeated measures were used to analyze the predictive value of childhood maltreatment on weight outcomes and psychopathology. Additionally, between- and within-group comparisons were calculated to compare patients with and without childhood maltreatment regarding BMI and weight loss (%TWL, %EWL), depression severity (BDI-II), eating disorder psychopathology (EDE-Q), and suicidal ideation (BSS), at baseline, 6- and 12-month assessment. RESULTS Prevalence rates for childhood maltreatment, depression and suicidal ideation were significantly higher in non-surgery compared to bariatric surgery patients. Within the surgery group, no significant interaction effect between childhood maltreatment and time was found. Hence, childhood maltreatment did not impact the course of body weight, depression and eating disorder psychopathology from pre- to post-surgery. CONCLUSIONS Significantly higher rates of childhood maltreatment were found within non-surgery patients with obesity in comparison to bariatric surgery patients. Childhood maltreatment did not predict poorer outcomes after surgery. Since history of childhood maltreatment may increase the risk for psychological disturbances, regular screening and, if necessary, psychological support should be offered to both groups. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies, Level III. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien-German Clinical Trials Register: DRKS00003976.
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Probing the Effects of Strong Electromagnetic Fields with Charge-Dependent Directed Flow in Pb-Pb Collisions at the LHC. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:022301. [PMID: 32701333 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.022301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The first measurement at the LHC of charge-dependent directed flow (v_{1}) relative to the spectator plane is presented for Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV. Results are reported for charged hadrons and D^{0} mesons for the transverse momentum intervals p_{T}>0.2 GeV/c and 3<p_{T}<6 GeV/c in the 5%-40% and 10%-40% centrality classes, respectively. The difference between the positively and negatively charged hadron v_{1} has a positive slope as a function of pseudorapidity η, dΔv_{1}/dη=[1.68±0.49(stat)±0.41(syst)]×10^{-4}. The same measurement for D^{0} and D[over ¯]^{0} mesons yields a positive value dΔv_{1}/dη=[4.9±1.7(stat)±0.6(syst)]×10^{-1}, which is about 3 orders of magnitude larger than the one of the charged hadrons. These measurements can provide new insights into the effects of the strong electromagnetic field and the initial tilt of matter created in noncentral heavy ion collisions on the dynamics of light (u, d, and s) and heavy (c) quarks. The large difference between the observed Δv_{1} of charged hadrons and D^{0} mesons may reflect different sensitivity of the charm and light quarks to the early time dynamics of a heavy ion collision. These observations challenge some recent theoretical calculations, which predicted a negative and an order of magnitude smaller value of dΔv_{1}/dη for both light flavor and charmed hadrons.
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Evidence of Spin-Orbital Angular Momentum Interactions in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:012301. [PMID: 32678650 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.012301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The first evidence of spin alignment of vector mesons (K^{*0} and ϕ) in heavy-ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is reported. The spin density matrix element ρ_{00} is measured at midrapidity (|y|<0.5) in Pb-Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy (sqrt[s_{NN}]) of 2.76 TeV with the ALICE detector. ρ_{00} values are found to be less than 1/3 (1/3 implies no spin alignment) at low transverse momentum (p_{T}<2 GeV/c) for K^{*0} and ϕ at a level of 3σ and 2σ, respectively. No significant spin alignment is observed for the K_{S}^{0} meson (spin=0) in Pb-Pb collisions and for the vector mesons in pp collisions. The measured spin alignment is unexpectedly large but qualitatively consistent with the expectation from models which attribute it to a polarization of quarks in the presence of angular momentum in heavy-ion collisions and a subsequent hadronization by the process of recombination.
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Predicting yields in autologous MNC apheresis for ATMP manufacture: applying a kinetic model for HPC apheresis. Cytotherapy 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.03.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Scattering Studies with Low-Energy Kaon-Proton Femtoscopy in Proton-Proton Collisions at the LHC. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:092301. [PMID: 32202883 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.092301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The study of the strength and behavior of the antikaon-nucleon (K[over ¯]N) interaction constitutes one of the key focuses of the strangeness sector in low-energy quantum chromodynamics (QCD). In this Letter a unique high-precision measurement of the strong interaction between kaons and protons, close and above the kinematic threshold, is presented. The femtoscopic measurements of the correlation function at low pair-frame relative momentum of (K^{+}p⊕K^{-}p[over ¯]) and (K^{-}p⊕K^{+}p[over ¯]) pairs measured in pp collisions at sqrt[s]=5, 7, and 13 TeV are reported. A structure observed around a relative momentum of 58 MeV/c in the measured correlation function of (K^{-}p⊕K^{+}p[over ¯]) with a significance of 4.4σ constitutes the first experimental evidence for the opening of the (K[over ¯]^{0}n⊕K^{0}n[over ¯]) isospin breaking channel due to the mass difference between charged and neutral kaons. The measured correlation functions have been compared to Jülich and Kyoto models in addition to the Coulomb potential. The high-precision data at low relative momenta presented in this work prove femtoscopy to be a powerful complementary tool to scattering experiments and provide new constraints above the K[over ¯]N threshold for low-energy QCD chiral models.
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Corrigendum to "Exogenous testosterone increases status-seeking motivation in men with unstable low social status" "[Psychoneuroendocrinology 113 (2020) 104552]". Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 113:104586. [PMID: 32057480 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Exogenous testosterone increases status-seeking motivation in men with unstable low social status. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 113:104552. [PMID: 31884320 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Testosterone is associated with status-seeking behaviors such as competition, which may depend on whether one wins or loses status, but also on the stability of one's status. We examined (1) to what extent testosterone administration affects competition behavior in repeated social contests in men with high or low rank, and (2), whether this relationship is moderated by hierarchy stability, as predicted by the status instability hypothesis. Using a real effort-based design in healthy male participants (N = 173 males), we first found that testosterone (vs. placebo) increased motivation to compete for status, but only in individuals with an unstable low status. A second part of the experiment, tailored to directly compare stable with unstable hierarchies, indicated that exogenous testosterone again increased competitive motivation in individuals with a low unstable status, but decreased competition behavior in men with low stable status. Additionally, exogenous testosterone increased motivation in those with a stable high status. Further analysis suggested that these effects were moderated by individuals' trait dominance, and genetic differences assessed by the androgen receptor (CAG-repeat) and dopamine transporter (DAT1) polymorphisms. Our study provides evidence that testosterone specifically boosts status-related motivation when there is an opportunity to improve one's social status. The findings contribute to our understanding of testosterone's causal role in status-seeking motivation in competition behavior, and indicate that testosterone adaptively increases our drive for high status in a context-dependent manner. We discuss potential neurobiological pathways through which testosterone may attain these effects on behavior.
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Measurement of ϒ(1S) Elliptic Flow at Forward Rapidity in Pb-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:192301. [PMID: 31765217 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.192301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The first measurement of the ϒ(1S) elliptic flow coefficient (v_{2}) is performed at forward rapidity (2.5<y<4) in Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The results are obtained with the scalar product method and are reported as a function of transverse momentum (p_{T}) up to 15 GeV/c in the 5%-60% centrality interval. The measured ϒ(1S)v_{2} is consistent with 0 and with the small positive values predicted by transport models within uncertainties. The v_{2} coefficient in 2<p_{T}<15 GeV/c is lower than that of inclusive J/ψ mesons in the same p_{T} interval by 2.6 standard deviations. These results, combined with earlier suppression measurements, are in agreement with a scenario in which the ϒ(1S) production in Pb-Pb collisions at LHC energies is dominated by dissociation limited to the early stage of the collision, whereas in the J/ψ case there is substantial experimental evidence of an additional regeneration component.
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Investigations of Anisotropic Flow Using Multiparticle Azimuthal Correlations in pp, p-Pb, Xe-Xe, and Pb-Pb Collisions at the LHC. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:142301. [PMID: 31702212 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.142301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of anisotropic flow coefficients (v_{n}) and their cross-correlations using two- and multiparticle cumulant methods are reported in collisions of pp at sqrt[s]=13 TeV, p-Pb at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV, Xe-Xe at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.44 TeV, and Pb-Pb at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV recorded with the ALICE detector. The multiplicity dependence of v_{n} is studied in a very wide range from 20 to 3000 particles produced in the midrapidity region |η|<0.8 for the transverse momentum range 0.2<p_{T}<3.0 GeV/c. An ordering of the coefficients v_{2}>v_{3}>v_{4} is found in pp and p-Pb collisions, similar to that seen in large collision systems, while a weak v_{2} multiplicity dependence is observed relative to nucleus-nucleus collisions in the same multiplicity range. Using a novel subevent method, v_{2} measured with four-particle cumulants is found to be compatible with that from six-particle cumulants in pp and p-Pb collisions. The magnitude of the correlation between v_{n}^{2} and v_{m}^{2}, evaluated with the symmetric cumulants SC(m,n) is observed to be positive at all multiplicities for v_{2} and v_{4}, while for v_{2} and v_{3} it is negative and changes sign for multiplicities below 100, which may indicate a different v_{n} fluctuation pattern in this multiplicity range. The observed long-range multiparticle azimuthal correlations in high multiplicity pp and p-Pb collisions can neither be described by pythia 8 nor by impact-parameter-Glasma, music, and ultrarelativistic quantum molecular dynamics model calculations, and hence, provide new insights into the understanding of collective effects in small collision systems.
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First Observation of an Attractive Interaction between a Proton and a Cascade Baryon. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:112002. [PMID: 31573229 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.112002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This Letter presents the first experimental observation of the attractive strong interaction between a proton and a multistrange baryon (hyperon) Ξ^{-}. The result is extracted from two-particle correlations of combined p-Ξ^{-}⊕p[over ¯]-Ξ[over ¯]^{+} pairs measured in p-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV at the LHC with ALICE. The measured correlation function is compared with the prediction obtained assuming only an attractive Coulomb interaction and a standard deviation in the range [3.6, 5.3] is found. Since the measured p-Ξ^{-}⊕p[over ¯]-Ξ[over ¯]^{+} correlation is significantly enhanced with respect to the Coulomb prediction, the presence of an additional, strong, attractive interaction is evident. The data are compatible with recent lattice calculations by the HAL-QCD Collaboration, with a standard deviation in the range [1.8, 3.7]. The lattice potential predicts a shallow repulsive Ξ^{-} interaction within pure neutron matter and this implies stiffer equations of state for neutron-rich matter including hyperons. Implications of the strong interaction for the modeling of neutron stars are discussed.
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Electron microscopy in the diagnosis of Ehlers-Danlos syndromes: correlation with clinical and genetic investigations. Br J Dermatol 2019; 182:698-707. [PMID: 31141158 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS) consist of 13 subtypes with overlapping features including joint hypermobility, skin and vascular fragility and generalized connective tissue friability. As DNA analysis has become the gold standard for investigation of EDS, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in clinical practice is decreasing. However, owing to the use of next-generation sequencing, the frequency of variants of uncertain significance (VUS) identified using DNA analysis is increasing. We hypothesized that TEM can provide evidence for or against pathogenicity of VUS. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of TEM in the diagnosis of EDS subtypes. METHODS Data were collected from patients who underwent a skin biopsy between October 2012 and March 2017 at the London EDS National Diagnostic Service. TEM biopsies were categorized as 'normal' or 'abnormal' according to the description and conclusion in the TEM reports. Definitive diagnoses were reached via a combination of clinical features, structural and functional studies and DNA investigations. RESULTS The analysis included 177 patients, comprising 30 abnormal and 147 normal TEM reports. A definitive diagnosis of monogenic EDS subtypes was made in 24 patients. Overall, 17 of these 24 patients (71%) had an abnormal biopsy report and seven (29%) had a normal biopsy report. No TEM findings were specifically associated with any EDS subtype, although collagen flowers were present in most patients with a genetically confirmed diagnosis of classical EDS. CONCLUSIONS TEM analysis of collagen structure may have the potential to provide evidence for or against the pathogenicity of a VUS, but more work is needed to establish a clear role for TEM in this process. What's already known about this topic? Collagen fibril abnormalities can be seen in several Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) subtypes. What does this study add? This study provides clinical data, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) data and molecular data of one of the largest groups of patients suspected to have a monogenetic EDS subtype. No TEM findings were specifically associated with an EDS subtype. There was a higher percentage (71%) of abnormal biopsy findings in patients with a definitive diagnosis of a monogenetic EDS subtype and where a class 4/5 genetic variant was present.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Children and adolescents with severe hemophilia commonly suffer from acute and chronic pain as a consequence of hemophilia-related bleeding. Intervention-related pain also plays a major role. Despite its high prevalence in this patient group, hemophilia-related pain is not always adequately addressed and sufficiently treated. OBJECTIVES This paper discusses how to improve pain management for children and adolescents (0-18 years) with hemophilia and which specific features in this population should influence decisions in pain management. MATERIALS AND METHODS An expert panel discussed challenges in pain treatment in children and adolescents with hemophilia. Recommendations are based on evidence and clinical experience. RESULT Pain management in children with hemophilia needs improvement. Children with hemophilia are at risk of developing chronic pain and of suffering traumatization due to insufficient pain management. Pain therapy can be challenging in these children as both their age and the underlying disease limit the options in particular in pain medication. The expert panel developed recommendations to improve pain management in children with hemophilia.
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Cell recruitment and collection yields in autologous MNC apheresis. Cytotherapy 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.03.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Two cases of diabetes mellitus type 1 after alemtuzumab treatment for multiple sclerosis: another probable secondary autoimmune disease. J Neurol 2019; 266:1270-1271. [PMID: 30805797 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09257-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Azimuthal Anisotropy of Heavy-Flavor Decay Electrons in p-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:072301. [PMID: 30848618 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.072301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Angular correlations between heavy-flavor decay electrons and charged particles at midrapidity (|η|<0.8) are measured in p-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV. The analysis is carried out for the 0%-20% (high) and 60%-100% (low) multiplicity ranges. The jet contribution in the correlation distribution from high-multiplicity events is removed by subtracting the distribution from low-multiplicity events. An azimuthal modulation remains after removing the jet contribution, similar to previous observations in two-particle angular correlation measurements for light-flavor hadrons. A Fourier decomposition of the modulation results in a positive second-order coefficient (v_{2}) for heavy-flavor decay electrons in the transverse momentum interval 1.5<p_{T}<4 GeV/c in high-multiplicity events, with a significance larger than 5σ. The results are compared with those of charged particles at midrapidity and those of inclusive muons at forward rapidity. The v_{2} measurement of open heavy-flavor particles at midrapidity in small collision systems could provide crucial information to help interpret the anisotropies observed in such systems.
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PSII-11 The cellular immune system in Bos indicus cattle is not altered by short-duration transport. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Thin-film models for an active gel. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2018; 474:20170828. [PMID: 30602922 PMCID: PMC6304029 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2017.0828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we present a free-boundary problem for an active liquid crystal starting with the Beris-Edwards theory that uses a tensorial order parameter and includes active contributions to the stress tensor and then derive from it the Eriksen model for an active polar gel and scalar order parameter to analyse the rich defect structure observed in applications such as the adenosinetriphosphate-driven motion of a thin film of an actin filament network. The small aspect ratio of the film geometry allows for an asymptotic approximation of the free-boundary problem in the limit of weak elasticity of the network and strong active terms. The new thin-film model captures the defect dynamics in the bulk as well as wall defects and thus presents a significant extension of previous models based on the Leslie-Erickson-Parodi theory. As an example we derive the explicit solution for an active gel confined to a channel, which has discontinuous director profile leading to a bidirectional flow structure generated by the active terms.
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