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Maass KF, Barfield MD, Ito M, James CA, Kavetska O, Kozinn M, Kumar P, Lepak M, Leuthold LA, Li W, Mikhailov D, Patel S, Perez NL, Jackson Rudd D, Vakkalagadda B, Williams TM, Zha J, Zhang X, Anderson MD. Leveraging patient-centric sampling for clinical drug development and decentralized clinical trials: Promise to reality. Clin Transl Sci 2022; 15:2785-2795. [PMID: 36129129 PMCID: PMC9747123 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in the technologies to enable patient-centric sampling (PCS) have the potential to improve blood sample collection by enabling clinical trial participants to collect samples via self-collection or with the help of a caregiver in their home. Typically, blood samples to assess pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a drug during clinical development are collected at a clinical site via venous blood draw. In this position paper by the International Consortium for Innovation and Quality in Pharmaceutical Development (IQ), the potential value PCS can bring to patients, to the clinical datasets generated, and to clinical trial sponsors is discussed, along with considerations for program decision making, bioanalytical feasibility, operations, and regulatory implications. With an understanding of the value of PCS and considerations when implementing during clinical drug development, we can bring the promise of PCS closer to reality and enable decentralized clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mototsugu Ito
- Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc.NorthbrookIllinoisUSA
| | | | | | - Marc Kozinn
- Bristol Myers SquibbLawrencevilleNew JerseyUSA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nisha L. Perez
- Blueprint MedicinesCambridgeMassachusettsUSA,ROME TherapeuticsCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Xin Zhang
- Eli Lilly and CompanyIndianapolisIndianaUSA
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Colston E, Grasela D, Gardiner D, Bucy RP, Vakkalagadda B, Korman AJ, Lowy I. An open-label, multiple ascending dose study of the anti-CTLA-4 antibody ipilimumab in viremic HIV patients. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198158. [PMID: 29879143 PMCID: PMC5991705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), a negative regulator of T-cell function, is increased in chronic HIV-1 infection. It was hypothesized that CTLA-4 blockade may enhance immune response to HIV-1 and result in better control of viremia. This open-label, multiple ascending dose study (NCT03407105)-the first to examine ipilimumab in participants with HIV-1 infection-assessed the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of ipilimumab, as well as whether ipilimumab enhanced immune response to HIV-1 and improved control of viremia. Twenty-four participants received 2 or 4 doses of ipilimumab (0.1, 1, 3, or 5 mg/kg) every 28 days. No serious adverse events (AEs) or dose-limiting toxicities were reported; one participant discontinued ipilimumab for an AE of grade 2 facial palsy. Twenty participants (83.3%) had ≥1 AE; all but 1 were grade 1 or 2. Eight participants (33.3%) had potentially immune-related AEs (7 had grade 1 diarrhea not requiring corticosteroids; 1 who had diarrhea also had transient antinuclear antibody positivity; 1 had grade 2 facial palsy requiring corticosteroids). Two participants (8.3%), one each in the 0.1- and 1-mg/kg dose groups, had a decrease from baseline HIV-1 RNA of 0.85 and 1.36 log10 copies/mL. Fourteen participants (58.3%) had an increase from baseline HIV-1 RNA (mean, 0.87 log10 copies/mL; range, 0.59-1.29). Of these 14 participants, all but 1 were in the higher ipilimumab dose groups (3 or 5 mg/kg). No pattern was noted regarding change from baseline in CD4 or CD8 T cells; ex vivo assessments of immune response were precluded because of inadequate cell viability. Serum concentration data for ipilimumab showed biphasic disposition, with steady state reached by dose 3. Ipilimumab treatment was well tolerated and was associated with variations in HIV-1 RNA in excess of expected repeat measures in most participants, but these were not related to combination antiretroviral therapy status or CD4 counts. The mechanism(s) underlying the increased variation in HIV-1 RNA is unclear and needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Colston
- Innovative Medicines Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Dennis Grasela
- Innovative Medicines Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - David Gardiner
- Infectious Diseases Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - R. Pat Bucy
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Blisse Vakkalagadda
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Hopewell, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Alan J. Korman
- Biologics Discovery California, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Redwood City, California, United States of America
| | - Israel Lowy
- Translational Science and Clinical Oncology, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, United States of America
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Zhu L, Brüggemann RJ, Uy J, Colbers A, Hruska MW, Chung E, Sims K, Vakkalagadda B, Xu X, van Schaik RHN, Burger DM, Bertz RJ. CYP2C19
Genotype-Dependent Pharmacokinetic Drug Interaction Between Voriconazole and Ritonavir-Boosted Atazanavir in Healthy Subjects. J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 57:235-246. [DOI: 10.1002/jcph.798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhu
- Exploratory Clinical and Translational Research; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Princeton NJ USA
| | - Roger J. Brüggemann
- Department of Pharmacy; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen; the Netherlands and Radboud Institute for Health Sciences (RIHS); Nijmegen the Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Uy
- Exploratory Clinical and Translational Research; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Plainsboro NJ USA
| | - Angela Colbers
- Department of Pharmacy; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen; the Netherlands and Radboud Institute for Health Sciences (RIHS); Nijmegen the Netherlands
| | - Matthew W. Hruska
- Exploratory Clinical and Translational Research; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Princeton NJ USA
| | - Ellen Chung
- Exploratory Clinical and Translational Research; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Hopewell NJ USA
| | - Karen Sims
- Exploratory Clinical and Translational Research; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Princeton NJ USA
| | - Blisse Vakkalagadda
- Exploratory Clinical and Translational Research; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Hopewell NJ USA
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- Bioanalytical Sciences; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Princeton NJ USA
| | - Ron H. N. van Schaik
- Department of Clinical Chemistry (AKC); Erasmus University Medical Centre; Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - David M. Burger
- Department of Pharmacy; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen; the Netherlands and Radboud Institute for Health Sciences (RIHS); Nijmegen the Netherlands
| | - Richard J. Bertz
- Exploratory Clinical and Translational Research; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Hopewell NJ USA
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Vakkalagadda B, Lubin S, Reynolds L, Liang D, Marion AS, LaCreta F, Boulton DW. Lack of a Pharmacokinetic Interaction Between Saxagliptin and Dapagliflozin in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized Crossover Study. Clin Ther 2016; 38:1890-9. [PMID: 27491280 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This single-dose, open-label, randomized, 3-period, 3-treatment crossover drug-drug interaction study was conducted to evaluate differences in the pharmacokinetic properties of saxagliptin and dapagliflozin when coadministered. METHODS Healthy subjects (N = 42) were randomized to receive saxagliptin 5 mg alone, dapagliflozin 10 mg alone, or saxagliptin 5 mg plus dapagliflozin 10 mg coadministered; there was a washout period of ≥6 days between treatments. Serial blood samples for determining saxagliptin, 5-hydroxy saxagliptin (5-OH saxagliptin; major active metabolite) and dapagliflozin plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters were collected before and up to 60 hours after the dose. No interaction was to be concluded if the 90% CIs for the geometric mean ratios of the combination compared with each drug given alone for Cmax and AUCinf were within 0.80 to 1.25. FINDINGS The results indicated that dapagliflozin had no effect on the pharmacokinetic properties of saxagliptin, 5-OH saxagliptin, or saxagliptin total active moiety and vice versa. The 90% CIs for Cmax and AUCinf for all comparisons were contained entirely within the 0.80 to 1.25 equivalence intervals. Other pharmacokinetic parameters (apparent oral clearance or half-life) of saxagliptin or dapagliflozin were similar when each medicine was administered alone or when coadministered. No safety profile or tolerability findings of concern were observed during the study. All adverse events were mild, and no serious adverse events were reported. IMPLICATIONS These data indicate that coadministration of saxagliptin and dapagliflozin exhibits no pharmacokinetic interaction and is well tolerated. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01662999.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dan Liang
- ICON Development Solutions, LLC, Hanover, Maryland
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Tye CK, Wang Z, Dockens RC, Vakkalagadda B, Wang C, Zhang Y, Su CC, Hageman MJ. Pre-absorption physicochemical compatibility assessment of 8-drug metabolic cocktail. Int J Pharm 2016; 514:364-373. [PMID: 27291974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive 8-drug metabolic cocktail was designed to simultaneously target 6 Cytochrome P450 enzymes and 2 membrane transporters. This study aimed to assess the pre-absorption risk of this new metabolic cocktail which contained metoprolol, caffeine, midazolam, pravastatin, flurbiprofen, omeprazole, digoxin and montelukast. This paper describes a systematic approach to understand whether the co-administration of the 8 selected drug products, i.e., the physical mixing of these products in the human gastro-intestinal environment, will create any issue that may interfere with the individual drug dissolution which in turns modify the total amount or timing of their availability for absorption. The evaluation consisted of two steps. An initial evaluation was based on theoretical understanding of the physicochemical properties of the drugs and the gastro intestinal environment, followed by in vitro dissolution tests. The results indicated that the designer 8-drug cocktail has acceptable pre-absorption compatibility when dosed simultaneously, and recommended the progression of the cocktail into clinical validation study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Kim Tye
- Discovery Pharmaceutics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | - Zhanbin Wang
- Discovery Pharmaceutics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Randy C Dockens
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Blisse Vakkalagadda
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Chunlei Wang
- Bioanalytical and Discovery Analytical Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Yingru Zhang
- Bioanalytical and Discovery Analytical Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Ching Chiang Su
- Discovery Pharmaceutics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
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Vakkalagadda B, Lubin S, Reynolds L, Laing D, Marion A, Boulton D, LaCreta F, Löffler T. Kein Auftreten pharmakokinetischer Wechselwirkungen zwischen Saxagliptin und Dapagliflozin bei gesunden Probanden. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1580955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Vakkalagadda B, Frost C, Byon W, Boyd RA, Wang J, Zhang D, Yu Z, Dias C, Shenker A, LaCreta F. Effect of Rifampin on the Pharmacokinetics of Apixaban, an Oral Direct Inhibitor of Factor Xa. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2016; 16:119-27. [PMID: 26749408 DOI: 10.1007/s40256-015-0157-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Apixaban is a substrate of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and P-glycoprotein. The effects of rifampin, a strong inducer of CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein, on the pharmacokinetics of oral and intravenous apixaban were evaluated in an open-label, randomized, sequential crossover study. METHODS Twenty healthy participants received single doses of apixaban 5 mg intravenously on day 1 and 10 mg orally on day 3, followed by rifampin 600 mg once daily on days 5-15. Finally, participants received single doses of apixaban 5 mg intravenously and 10 mg orally separately on days 12 and 14 in one of two randomized sequences. RESULTS Apixaban, given intravenously and orally, was safe and well tolerated when administered in the presence and absence of rifampin. Apixaban absolute oral bioavailability was 49 % when administered alone and 39 % following induction by rifampin. Rifampin reduced apixaban area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC∞) by 39 % after intravenous administration and by 54 % after oral administration. Rifampin induction increased mean clearance by 1.6-fold for intravenous apixaban and mean apparent clearance by 2.1-fold for oral apixaban, indicating rifampin affected both pre-systemic and systemic apixaban elimination pathways. CONCLUSION Co-administration of apixaban with rifampin reduced apixaban exposure via both decreased bioavailability and increased systemic clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blisse Vakkalagadda
- Research and Development, Discovery Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Mail Stop E12-16, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ, 08543-4000, USA
| | - Charles Frost
- Research and Development, Discovery Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Mail Stop E12-16, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ, 08543-4000, USA.
| | - Wonkyung Byon
- Global Innovative Pharma Business Clinical Pharmacology, Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Rebecca A Boyd
- Global Innovative Pharma Business Clinical Pharmacology, Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Jessie Wang
- Global Biometric Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Donglu Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Zhigang Yu
- Research and Development, Discovery Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Mail Stop E12-16, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ, 08543-4000, USA
| | - Clapton Dias
- Research and Development, Discovery Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Mail Stop E12-16, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ, 08543-4000, USA
| | - Andrew Shenker
- Research and Development, Discovery Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Mail Stop E12-16, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ, 08543-4000, USA
| | - Frank LaCreta
- Research and Development, Discovery Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Mail Stop E12-16, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ, 08543-4000, USA
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Vakkalagadda B, Vetter ML, Rana J, Smith CH, Huang J, Karkas J, Boulton DW, LaCreta F. Bioequivalence of saxagliptin/dapagliflozin fixed-dose combination tablets compared with coadministration of the individual tablets to healthy subjects. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2015; 3:e00201. [PMID: 27022473 PMCID: PMC4777251 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Saxagliptin and dapagliflozin are individually indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The bioequivalence of saxagliptin/dapagliflozin 2.5/5 mg and 5/10 mg fixed-dose combination (FDC) tablets compared with coadministration of the individual tablets and the food effect on both strengths of saxagliptin/dapagliflozin FDCs were evaluated in this open-label, randomized, single-dose crossover study. Healthy subjects were randomized to saxagliptin 2.5 mg + dapagliflozin 5 mg fasted, 2.5/5 mg FDC fasted, 2.5/5 mg FDC fed (Cohort 1) or saxagliptin 5 mg + dapagliflozin 10 mg fasted, 5/10 mg FDC fasted, 5/10 mg FDC fed (Cohort 2). Serial blood samples for pharmacokinetics of saxagliptin and dapagliflozin were obtained predose and up to 60 h postdose. Bioequivalence of FDC tablets versus individual components was concluded if the 90% CIs for FDC to individual component geometric mean ratios of C max, AUC 0-T, and AUC inf of both analytes were between 0.80 and 1.25. Seventy-two subjects were randomized; 71 (98.6%) completed the study. Saxagliptin/dapagliflozin 2.5/5 mg and 5/10 mg FDC tablets were bioequivalent to the individual tablets administered concomitantly. Food had no clinically meaningful effect on saxagliptin or dapagliflozin overall systemic exposure. Saxagliptin/dapagliflozin FDC tablets were bioequivalent to coadministration of the individual components in healthy subjects under fasted conditions and food had no clinically meaningful effect on bioavailability.
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Yang Z, Vakkalagadda B, Shen G, Ahlers CM, Has T, Christopher LJ, Kurland JF, Roongta V, Masson E, Zhang S. Inhibitory effect of ketoconazole on the pharmacokinetics of a multireceptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor BMS-690514 in healthy participants: assessing the mechanism of the interaction with physiologically-based pharmacokinetic simulations. J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 53:217-27. [PMID: 23436267 DOI: 10.1177/0091270012439208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BMS-690514, a selective inhibitor of the ErbB and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, has shown antitumor activity in early clinical development. The compound is metabolized by multiple enzymes, with CYP3A4 responsible for the largest fraction (34%) of metabolism. It is also a substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in vitro. To assess the effect of ketoconazole on BMS-690514 pharmacokinetics, 17 healthy volunteers received 200 mg BMS-690514 alone followed by 100 mg BMS-690514 with ketoconazole (400 mg once daily for 4 days). The AUC(∞) of 100 mg BMS-690514 concomitantly administered with ketoconazole was similar to that of 200 mg BMS-690514 alone. The dose-normalized C(max) and AUC(∞) of BMS-690514 from the 100-mg BMS-690514/400-mg ketoconazole treatment increased by 55% and 127%, respectively, relative to those from 200 mg BMS-690514 alone. Prediction of the drug-drug interaction (DDI) using a population-based simulator (Simcyp) indicated that, in addition to CYP3A4 inhibition, the inhibition of P-gp by ketoconazole in the intestine, liver, and kidneys must be invoked to fully account for the DDI observed. This finding suggests that the inhibition of P-gp by ketoconazole, along with its effect on CYP3A4, needs to be considered when designing a DDI study of ketoconazole with a victim drug that is a dual substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yang
- Bristol-Bristol Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA
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Soria JC, Baselga J, Hanna N, Laurie SA, Bahleda R, Felip E, Calvo E, Armand JP, Shepherd FA, Harbison CT, Berman D, Park JS, Zhang S, Vakkalagadda B, Kurland JF, Pathak AK, Herbst RS. Phase I–IIa study of BMS-690514, an EGFR, HER-2 and -4 and VEGFR-1 to -3 oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumours. Eur J Cancer 2013; 49:1815-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Vakkalagadda B, Park JS, Ahlers CM, Dorizio S, Has T, Roongta V, Heller KN, Derbin GM, Zhang S. Food Increased the Bioavailability of BMS-690514, an Orally Active EGFR/HER2/VEGF Receptor Kinase Inhibitor, in Healthy Subjects. J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 52:1350-6. [DOI: 10.1177/0091270011417826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Siu LL, Papadopoulos K, Alberts SR, Kirchoff-Ross R, Vakkalagadda B, Lang L, Ahlers CM, Bennett KL, Van Tornout JM. A first-in-human, phase I study of an oral hedgehog (HH) pathway antagonist, BMS-833923 (XL139), in subjects with advanced or metastatic solid tumors. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.2501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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