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Zhang N, Yang X, Su B, Dou Z. Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in a university classroom based on real human close contact behaviors. Sci Total Environ 2024; 917:170346. [PMID: 38281642 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Due to high-population density, frequent close contact, possible poor ventilation, university classrooms are vulnerable for transmission of respiratory infectious diseases. Close contact and long-range airborne are possibly main routes for SARS-CoV-2 transmission. In this study, taking a university classroom in Beijing for example, close contact behaviors of students were collected through a depth-detection device, which could detect depth to each pixel of the image, based on semi-supervised learning. Finally, >23 h of video data were obtained. Using Computational Fluid Dynamics, the relationship between viral exposure and close contact behaviors (e.g. interpersonal distance, relative facial orientations, and relative positions) was established. A multi-route transmission model (short-range airborne, mucous deposition, and long-range airborne) of infectious diseases considering real close contact behaviors was developed. In the case of Omicron, the risk of infection in university classrooms and the efficacy of different interventions were assessed based on dose-response model. The average interpersonal distance in university classrooms is 0.9 m (95 % CI, 0.5 m-1.4 m), with the highest proportion of face-to-back contact at 87.0 %. The risk of infection of susceptible students per 45-min lesson was 1 %. The relative contributions of short-range airborne and long-range airborne transmission were 40.5 % and 59.5 %, respectively, and the mucous deposition was basically negligible. When all students are wearing N95 respirators, the infection risk could be reduced by 96 %, the relative contribution of long-range airborne transmission increases to 95.6 %. When the fresh air per capita in the classroom is 24 m3/h/person, the virus exposure could be decreased by 81.1 % compared to the real situation with 1.02 m3/h/person. In a classroom with an occupancy rate of 50 %, after optimized arrangement of student distribution, the infection risk could be decreased by 62 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xueze Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Boni Su
- China Electric Power Planning & Engineering Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyang Dou
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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2
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Guo Y, Dou Z, Zhang N, Liu X, Su B, Li Y, Zhang Y. Student close contact behavior and COVID-19 transmission in China's classrooms. PNAS Nexus 2023; 2:pgad142. [PMID: 37228510 PMCID: PMC10205473 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Classrooms are high-risk indoor environments, so analysis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission in classrooms is important for determining optimal interventions. Due to the absence of human behavior data, it is challenging to accurately determine virus exposure in classrooms. A wearable device for close contact behavior detection was developed, and we recorded >250,000 data points of close contact behaviors of students from grades 1 to 12. Combined with a survey on students' behaviors, we analyzed virus transmission in classrooms. Close contact rates for students were 37 ± 11% during classes and 48 ± 13% during breaks. Students in lower grades had higher close contact rates and virus transmission potential. The long-range airborne transmission route is dominant, accounting for 90 ± 3.6% and 75 ± 7.7% with and without mask wearing, respectively. During breaks, the short-range airborne route became more important, contributing 48 ± 3.1% in grades 1 to 9 (without wearing masks). Ventilation alone cannot always meet the demands of COVID-19 control; 30 m3/h/person is suggested as the threshold outdoor air ventilation rate in a classroom. This study provides scientific support for COVID-19 prevention and control in classrooms, and our proposed human behavior detection and analysis methods offer a powerful tool to understand virus transmission characteristics and can be employed in various indoor environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Guo
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhiyang Dou
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Beijing 999077, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiyue Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Boni Su
- Clean Energy Research Institute, China Electric Power Planning and Engineering Institute, Beijing 100120, China
| | - Yuguo Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yinping Zhang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing 100084, China
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Zhang N, Hu T, Shang S, Zhang S, Jia W, Chen J, Zhang Z, Su B, Wang Z, Cheng R, Li Y. Local travel behaviour under continuing COVID-19 waves- A proxy for pandemic fatigue? Transp Res Interdiscip Perspect 2023; 18:100757. [PMID: 36694823 PMCID: PMC9850857 DOI: 10.1016/j.trip.2023.100757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 continues to threaten the world. Relaxing local travel behaviours on preventing the spread of COVID-19, may increase the infection risk in subsequent waves of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. In this study, we analysed changes in the travel behaviour of different population groups (adult, child, student, elderly) during four pandemic waves in Hong Kong before January 2021, by 4-billion second-by-second smartcard records of subway. A significant continuous relaxation in human travel behaviour was observed during the four waves of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Residents sharply reduced their local travel by 51.9%, 50.1%, 27.6%, and 20.5% from the first to fourth pandemic waves, respectively. The population flow in residential areas, workplaces, schools, shopping areas, amusement areas and border areas, decreased on average by 30.3%, 33.5%, 41.9%, 58.1%, 85.4% and 99.6%, respectively, during the pandemic weeks. We also found that many other cities around the world experienced a similar relaxation trend in local travel behaviour, by comparing traffic congestion data during the pandemic with data from the same period in 2019. The quantitative pandemic fatigue in local travel behaviour could help governments partially predicting personal protective behaviours, and thus to suggest more accurate interventions during subsequent waves, especially for highly infectious virus variants such as Omicron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Tingrui Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shujia Shang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyao Zhang
- The Sifakis Research Institute for Trustworthy Autonomous Systems, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jinhang Chen
- Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Boni Su
- China Electric Power Planning & Engineering Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- College of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Reynold Cheng
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuguo Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Shang S, Jia W, Zhang S, Su B, Cheng R, Li Y, Zhang N. Changes on local travel behaviors under travel reduction-related interventions during COVID-19 pandemic: a case study in Hong Kong. City Built Enviro 2023; 1:5. [PMCID: PMC9985955 DOI: 10.1007/s44213-023-00006-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
The emerging Omicron variant poses a serious threat to human health. Public transports play a critical role in infection spread. Based on the data of nearly 4 billion smartcard uses, between January 1, 2019 and January 31, 2021 from the Mass Transit Railway Corporation of Hong Kong, we analyzed the subway travel behavior of different population groups (adults, children, students and senior citizens) due to the COVID-19 pandemic and human travel behavior under different interventions (e.g. work suspension, school closure). Due to the pandemic, the number of MTR passengers (the daily number of passengers in close proximity in subway carriages) decreased by 37.4% (40.8%) for adults, 80.3% (78.5%) for children, 71.6% (71.6%) for students, and 33.5% (36.1%) for senior citizens. Due to work from home (school suspension), the number of contacted adults (students/children) in the same carriage during the rush hours decreased by 39.6% (38.6%/43.2%). If all workers, students, and children were encouraged to commute avoiding rush hours, the possible repeated contacts during rush hour of adults, children and students decreased by 73.3%, 77.9% and 79.5%, respectively. Since adults accounted for 87.3% of the total number of subway passengers during the pandemic, work from home and staggered shift pattern of workers can reduce the infection risk effectively. Our objective is to find the changes of local travel behavior due to the pandemic. From the perspective of public transports, the results provide a scientific support for COVID-19 prevention and control in cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujia Shang
- grid.28703.3e0000 0000 9040 3743Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Jia
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shiyao Zhang
- grid.263817.90000 0004 1773 1790The Research Institute for Trustworthy Autonomous Systems, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Boni Su
- grid.467472.4China Electric Power Planning & Engineering Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Reynold Cheng
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Yuguo Li
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Nan Zhang
- grid.28703.3e0000 0000 9040 3743Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
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Su B, Martens P. Public concern for animal welfare and its correlation with ethical ideologies after coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in China. Anim Welf 2022. [DOI: 10.7120/09627286.31.3.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) represents a major public health challenge and a serious threat to sustainable social development. A consideration of animal welfare is clearly justified, given the potential contribution of animals to the spread of the disease. The present
study, therefore, sought to investigate the concern the Chinese people have for animal welfare (PCAW) and how their 'ethical ideology' (idealism and relativism) determines PCAW after COVID-19, through comparison with the same study, carried out in China in 2015. Our results demonstrated a
significant improvement in Chinese PCAW after COVID-19. The adverse impact of COVID-19 may have resulted in a lowered idealism score and this decreased score served to neutralise significant correlations between idealism and PCAW, compared to the 2015 results. The global pandemic did not increase
people's relativism score and a significant correlation was found between relativism and PCAW. Gender, age, educational level, public perception of animals after COVID-19, zoo and aquarium visiting were all shown to be predictor variables for PCAW. This study is one of the first to investigate
Chinese PCAW after COVID-19 and can therefore provide knowledge that will potentially increase Chinese PCAW.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Su
- School of Philosophy and Social Development, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - P Martens
- University College Venlo, Maastricht University, Venlo, The Netherlands
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Liu X, Dou Z, Wang L, Su B, Jin T, Guo Y, Wei J, Zhang N. Close contact behavior-based COVID-19 transmission and interventions in a subway system. J Hazard Mater 2022; 436:129233. [PMID: 35739753 PMCID: PMC9132379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
During COVID-19 pandemic, analysis on virus exposure and intervention efficiency in public transports based on real passenger's close contact behaviors is critical to curb infectious disease transmission. A monitoring device was developed to gather a total of 145,821 close contact data in subways based on semi-supervision learning. A virus transmission model considering both short- and long-range inhalation and deposition was established to calculate the virus exposure. During rush-hour, short-range inhalation exposure is 3.2 times higher than deposition exposure and 7.5 times higher than long-range inhalation exposure of all passengers in the subway. The close contact rate was 56.1 % and the average interpersonal distance was 0.8 m. Face-to-back was the main pattern during close contact. Comparing with random distribution, if all passengers stand facing in the same direction, personal virus exposure through inhalation (deposition) can be reduced by 74.1 % (98.5 %). If the talk rate was decreased from 20 % to 5 %, the inhalation (deposition) exposure can be reduced by 69.3 % (73.8 %). In addition, we found that virus exposure could be reduced by 82.0 % if all passengers wear surgical masks. This study provides scientific support for COVID-19 prevention and control in subways based on real human close contact behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyue Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyang Dou
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics/Key Laboratory of Refrigeration and Cryogenic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Boni Su
- China Electric Power Planning & Engineering Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyi Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjian Wei
- Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics/Key Laboratory of Refrigeration and Cryogenic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China.
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Su B, Kong LG, Zhang AB, Tian Z, Wang WJ, Lv YL, Ma LY. The bipolar charge plasma spectrometer (BCPS) based on the 2π-field-of-view double-channel electrostatic analyzer. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:043305. [PMID: 35489956 DOI: 10.1063/5.0082410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a bipolar charge plasma spectrometer based on the double-channel electrostatic analyzer for simultaneously measuring thermal ions and electrons with a 2π hemispherical field-of-view. Both ions and electrons within the wide field-of-view enter the spectrometer, pass through the variable geometric factor channel, and are then separated by the double-channel electric fields. Two microchannel plates are accommodated at the exit of the analyzer for ion and electron detection. The main performance of the spectrometer has been obtained from on-ground calibration. With the electrostatic deflectors and the cylindrically symmetric structure, the spectrometer provides simultaneous measurements of thermal ion and electron velocity distributions with a shared field-of-view of 360° (azimuth angle) by 90° (elevation angle) and a broad energy range for both ions and electrons. The ion analyzer constant and the electron analyzer constant are 11.1 and 9.7, respectively. The detecting energy range of 33.3-44.4 keV for ions and 29.1-38.8 keV for electrons can be obtained by using the sweeping electrostatic analyzer voltage range of 3-4000 V. The ion and electron energy resolutions are 9.6% and 6.1%, respectively. The variable geometric factor function provides a large geometric factor adjusting range for both ion and electron measurements by two orders of magnitude, which fulfills the requirements of a large dynamic flux range for simultaneous measurements of space thermal plasma in the solar wind and magnetosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Su
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - L G Kong
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - A B Zhang
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Z Tian
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - W J Wang
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Y L Lv
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - L Y Ma
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Su B, Li SR, Liu J. [Restless mouth syndrome: a case report]. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2022; 57:294-296. [PMID: 35280009 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20210727-00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B Su
- Department of Orthopedic, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan 250031, China
| | - S R Li
- Department of Orthopedic, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan 250031, China
| | - J Liu
- Department of Orthopedic, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan 250031, China
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Zhang N, Lei H, Li L, Jin T, Liu X, Miao D, Su B, Bu Z, Fan L, Xue P, Xie J, Li Y. COVID-19 Vaccination Did Not Change the Personal Protective Behaviors of Healthcare Workers in China. Front Public Health 2022; 9:777426. [PMID: 34993170 PMCID: PMC8724136 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.777426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Personal protective behaviors of healthcare workers (HCWs) and dynamic changes in them are known to play a major role in the hospital transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this study, 1,499 HCWs in Chinese hospitals completed an online survey about their knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 transmission and their personal protective behaviors before and after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. Of all the respondents, 89% were vaccinated at the time of the survey and 96% believed that the vaccine was effective or highly effective. Further, 88% of the vaccinated HCWs expressed that they would get revaccinated if the vaccination failed. Compared with HCWs with a lower education level, those with a higher education level had less fear of being infected with SARS-CoV-2 and reported a lower negative impact of the pandemic on how they treated patients. Physicians and nurses were willing to believe that short-range airborne and long-range fomite are possible transmission routes. HCWs with a higher education level had a better knowledge of COVID-19 but worse personal protective behaviors. The fact that HCWs with a longer work experience had worse personal protective behaviors showed that HCWs gradually relax their personal protective behaviors over time. Moreover, vaccination reduced the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on how the HCWs treated patients. Importantly, the survey revealed that after vaccination, HCWs in China did not relax their personal protective behaviors, and it may bring a low potential risk for following waves of variant virus (e.g., delta).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Lei
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyi Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiyue Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Doudou Miao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Boni Su
- Department of Clean Energy Research, China Electric Power Planning and Engineering Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongming Bu
- Department of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Fan
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jingchao Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuguo Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.,School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Zheng B, Su B, Udeh-Momoh C, Price G, Tzoulaki I, Vamos EP, Majeed A, Riboli E, Ahmadi-Abhari S, Middleton LT. Associations of Cardiovascular and Non-Cardiovascular Comorbidities with Dementia Risk in Patients with Diabetes: Results from a Large UK Cohort Study. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2022; 9:86-91. [PMID: 35098977 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2022.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is an established risk factor for dementia. However, it remains unclear whether the presence of comorbidities could further increase dementia risk in diabetes patients. OBJECTIVES To examine the associations between cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular comorbidities and dementia risk in T2D patients. DESIGN Population-based cohort study. SETTING The UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). PARTICIPANTS 489,205 T2D patients aged over 50 years in the UK CPRD. MEASUREMENTS Major cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular comorbidities were extracted as time-varying exposure variables. The outcome event was dementia incidence based on dementia diagnosis or dementia-specific drug prescription. RESULTS During a median of six years follow-up, 33,773 (6.9%) incident dementia cases were observed. Time-varying Cox regressions showed T2D patients with stroke, peripheral vascular disease, atrial fibrillation, heart failure or hypertension were at higher risk of dementia compared to those without such comorbidities (HR [95% CI] = 1.64 [1.59-1.68], 1.37 [1.34-1.41], 1.26 [1.22-1.30], 1.15 [1.11-1.20] or 1.10 [1.03-1.18], respectively). Presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or chronic kidney disease was also associated with increased dementia risk (HR [95% CI] = 1.05 [1.01-1.10] or 1.11 [1.07-1.14]). CONCLUSIONS A range of cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular comorbidities were associated with further increases of dementia risk in T2D patients. Prevention and effective management of these comorbidities may play a significant role in maintaining cognitive health in T2D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Zheng
- Prof. Lefkos Middleton, Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W6 8RP, UK. E-mail: ; Tel: +44 20 3311 0216; Fax: +44 20 3311 0216
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Zhang N, Liu X, Jin T, Zhao P, Miao D, Lei H, Su B, Xue P, Xie J, Li Y. Weakening personal protective behavior by Chinese university students after COVID-19 vaccination. Build Environ 2021; 206:108367. [PMID: 34566244 PMCID: PMC8450227 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Personal protective behaviors and their dynamic change are known to play a major role in the community spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causal pathogen of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In this study, a total of 3229 students in Chinese universities completed an online survey about their knowledge on transmission and personal protective behavior before and after COVID-19 vaccination. Of the respondents, 87.6% had been vaccinated. Most students believed that the large droplet (97.0%) and short-range airborne (89.3%) routes were the two most likely SARS-CoV-2 transmission routes, whereas only 24.1% considered long-range airborne transmission to be possible. Students who would be expected to possess better knowledge about virus transmission (e.g., students of medicine) reported better personal protective behaviors. Female students reported relatively better personal hygiene practices than male students, so did the confident students than their diffident peers. Students washed their hands on average of 5.76 times per day during the pandemic. Students at universities in southern regions washed their hands more frequently but paid less attention to indoor ventilation than did their northern counterparts. Interestingly, students who are fear of being infected had the bad personal hygiene. University students wore 22% less masks in public indoor environments after vaccination. Chinese university students weakened their personal protective behavior after vaccination and it may increase the potential risk of infection in the new waves of variant virus (e.g. delta).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiyue Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyi Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Doudou Miao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Lei
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Boni Su
- China Electric Power Planning & Engineering Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jingchao Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuguo Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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12
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Ahmad Fauzi NA, Ireland AJ, Sherriff M, Bandara HMHN, Su B. Nitrogen doped titanium dioxide as an aesthetic antimicrobial filler in dental polymers. Dent Mater 2021; 38:147-157. [PMID: 34836699 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop an aesthetic resin composite using a nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (NTiO2) filler that possesses antimicrobial properties against cariogenic bacteria. METHODS N-TiO2 powder was manufactured by calcining commercial TiO2 with urea. Free radical release from the N-TiO2 powder under visible light irradiation was analysed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The N-TiO2 powder was incorporated into a dental resin and the photocatalytic activity assessed using a dye under both visible light and dark conditions. Using XTT assay to measure the cellular metabolic activity, the antibacterial properties of the N-TiO2 /resin composite discs were tested using Streptococcus mutans. RESULTS Doping nitrogen of TiO2 resulted in a band gap shift towards the visible light spectrum, which enabled the powder to release reactive oxygen species when exposed to visible light. When incorporated into a dental resin, the N-TiO2/resin composite still demonstrated sustained release of reactive oxygen species, maintaining its photocatalytic activity and showing an antibacterial effect towards Streptococcus mutans under visible light conditions. SIGNIFICANCE N-TiO2 filled resin composite shows great promise as a potential aesthetic resin based adhesive for orthodontic bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Ahmad Fauzi
- Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Child Dental Health, Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 2LY, United Kingdom
| | - A J Ireland
- Child Dental Health, Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 2LY, United Kingdom
| | - M Sherriff
- Child Dental Health, Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 2LY, United Kingdom
| | - H M H N Bandara
- Oral Microbiology, Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 2LY, United Kingdom
| | - B Su
- Biomaterials Engineering, Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 2LY, United Kingdom.
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Zhang N, Jack Chan PT, Jia W, Dung CH, Zhao P, Lei H, Su B, Xue P, Zhang W, Xie J, Li Y. Analysis of efficacy of intervention strategies for COVID-19 transmission: A case study of Hong Kong. Environ Int 2021; 156:106723. [PMID: 34161908 PMCID: PMC8214805 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
By the end of February 2021, COVID-19 had spread to over 230 countries, with more than 100 million confirmed cases and 2.5 million deaths. To control infection spread with the least disruption to economic and societal activities, it is crucial to implement the various interventions effectively. In this study, we developed an agent-based SEIR model, using real demographic and geographic data from Hong Kong, to analyse the efficiency of various intervention strategies in preventing infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Close contact route including short-range airborne is considered as the main transmission routes for COVID-19 spread. Contact tracing is not that useful if all other interventions have been fully deployed. The number of infected individuals could be halved if people reduced their close contact rate by 25%. For reducing transmission, students should be prioritized for vaccination rather than retired older people and preschool aged children. Home isolation, and taking the nucleic acid test (NAT) as soon as possible after symptom onset, are much more effective interventions than wearing masks in public places. Temperature screening in public places only disrupted the infection spread by a small amount when other interventions have been fully implemented. Our results may be useful for other highly populated cities, when choosing their intervention strategies to prevent outbreaks of COVID-19 and similar diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China; Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pak-To Jack Chan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Zhejiang Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Lin An, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chung-Hin Dung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hao Lei
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Boni Su
- China Electric Power Planning & Engineering Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Weirong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jingchao Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuguo Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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14
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Su B, Song Y, Hu K. [Management strategies for obstructive sleep apnea under the normalized prevention and control of the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 2021; 44:741-745. [PMID: 34645140 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20210104-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
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15
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Zhang N, Chen X, Jia W, Jin T, Xiao S, Chen W, Hang J, Ou C, Lei H, Qian H, Su B, Li J, Liu D, Zhang W, Xue P, Liu J, Weschler LB, Xie J, Li Y, Kang M. Evidence for lack of transmission by close contact and surface touch in a restaurant outbreak of COVID-19. J Infect 2021; 83:207-216. [PMID: 34062182 PMCID: PMC8164346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2021.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is primarily a respiratory disease that has become a global pandemic. Close contact plays an important role in infection spread, while fomite may also be a possible transmission route. Research during the COVID-19 pandemic has identified long-range airborne transmission as one of the important transmission routes although lack solid evidence. METHODS We examined video data related to a restaurant associated COVID-19 outbreak in Guangzhou. We observed more than 40,000 surface touches and 13,000 episodes of close contacts in the restaurant during the entire lunch duration. These data allowed us to analyse infection risk via both the fomite and close contact routes. RESULTS There is no significant correlation between the infection risk via both fomite and close contact routes among those who were not family members of the index case. We can thus rule out virus transmission via fomite contact and interpersonal close contact routes in the Guangzhou restaurant outbreak. The absence of a fomite route agrees with the COVID-19 literature. CONCLUSIONS These results provide indirect evidence for the long-range airborne route dominating SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the restaurant. We note that the restaurant was poorly ventilated, allowing for increasing airborne SARS-CoV-2 concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xuguang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong province, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Tianyi Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shenglan Xiao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenzhao Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Jian Hang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuiyun Ou
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Lei
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hua Qian
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Boni Su
- China Electric Power Planning & Engineering Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jiansen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong province, China
| | - Dongmei Liu
- Fogang County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong, China
| | - Weirong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaping Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jingchao Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuguo Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong; School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.
| | - Min Kang
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong province, China; School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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16
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Zhang N, Jia W, Wang P, Dung CH, Zhao P, Leung K, Su B, Cheng R, Li Y. Changes in local travel behaviour before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong. Cities 2021; 112:103139. [PMID: 33589850 PMCID: PMC7877214 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2021.103139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 threatens the world. Social distancing is a significant factor in determining the spread of this disease, and social distancing is strongly affected by the local travel behaviour of people in large cities. In this study, we analysed the changes in the local travel behaviour of various population groups in Hong Kong, between 1 January and 31 March 2020, by using second-by-second smartcard data obtained from the Mass Transit Railway Corporation (MTRC) system. Due to the pandemic, local travel volume decreased by 43%, 49% and 59% during weekdays, Saturdays and Sundays, respectively. The local travel volumes of adults, children, students and senior citizens decreased by 42%, 86%, 73% and 48%, respectively. The local travel behaviour changes for adults and seniors between non-pandemic and pandemic times were greater than those between weekdays and weekends. The opposite was true for children and students. During the pandemic, the daily commute flow decreased by 42%. Local trips to shopping areas, amusement areas and borders decreased by 42%, 81% and 99%, respectively. The effective reproduction number (R t ) of COVID-19 had the strongest association with daily population use of the MTR 7-8 days earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peihua Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chung-Hin Dung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kathy Leung
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Boni Su
- China Electric Power Planning & Engineering Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Reynold Cheng
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuguo Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE At present, the incidence of acute myocardial infarction is increasing year by year, and it has become one of the diseases with the highest mortality rate in humans. Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a major problem in the treatment of myocardial infarction, but clinically there is no effective way to treat MIRI. This study used Cystatin C (Cys C) to treat cardiomyocytes and rats to investigate the effect of Cys C on MIRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used H2O2 to induce rat cardiomyocytes (H9c2 cells) injury and stimulated the cells with Cys C. Cell counting kit 8 (CCK8) assay was used to determine the optimal concentration of H2O2 and Cys C to stimulate H9c2 cells. We determined the effects of Cys C on oxidative stress and apoptosis levels in H9c2 cells by measuring the activity of dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the expression of apoptosis-related molecules (caspase3/8/9, Bax and Bcl-2). Changes in the activity of the NF-κB signaling pathway in H9c2 cells were also detected. In addition, we made rat MIRI models by ligating the coronary arteries and used Cys C to treat rats to verify the effect of Cys C on MIRI. RESULTS According to the results of the CCK8 assay, 1000 μM of H2O2 and 15 μM of Cys C were used to stimulate H9c2 cells. Cys C alleviated H2O2-induced H9c2 cell injury, manifested as a decrease in LDH and MDA activity and an increase in SOD activity. Cys C also reduced the apoptosis level in H9c2 cells. The activity of NF-κB signaling pathway in injured H9c2 cells was increased, and stimulation of Cys C could inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway in H9c2 cells. The application of Cys C in MIRI rats also verified its therapeutic effect on MIRI. CONCLUSIONS Cys C reduced the oxidative stress and apoptosis levels of cardiomyocytes by inhibiting the activity of NF-κB signaling pathway in cardiomyocytes, thereby reducing cardiomyocyte injury and treating MIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Su
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China.
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18
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Su B, Kong LG, Zhang AB, Klecker B, Escoubet CP, Kataria DO, Dai L. Performance and simulated moment uncertainties of an ion spectrometer with asymmetric 2π field of view for ion measurements in space. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:024501. [PMID: 33648106 DOI: 10.1063/5.0028866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Space plasma instruments provide 3D particle velocity distribution functions. Because of telemetry limitations, these cannot be transmitted in high time resolution and the plasma needs to be characterized by moments of the velocity distribution function. These moment uncertainties have vital effects on the reliability and accuracy of onboard plasma moments. We assess the measurement accuracy for magnetosheath and solar wind ions using an ion spectrometer with an asymmetric field of view designed for the all-sky measurement of low-energy ions in the magnetosheath and solar wind. We focus on moment uncertainties for the ideal spectrometer, not considering the background counts, which may have considerable effects on the uncertainties in real life. To obtain number density, bulk velocity, and temperature, different orders of moments are integrated assuming a Maxwellian velocity distribution. Based on the design specifications, we use simulations to estimate systematic and random errors for typical plasma conditions. We find that the spectrometer resolution is adequate for determining the density of solar wind (∼7% error) and magnetosheath ions (∼4% error). The resolution is also adequate for determining the temperature of solar wind (∼10% error) and magnetosheath ions (∼2% error). For high speed flows with a bulk velocity of 750 km/s and a temperature of 20 eV, the maximum density and temperature errors become 9% and 7%, respectively. The bulk velocity errors are less than 2% for all cases. The contributions of heavy ions to the systematic errors are less than 5% for magnetosheath ions and less than 8% for solar wind ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Su
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - L G Kong
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - A B Zhang
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - B Klecker
- Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - C P Escoubet
- European Space Research and Technology Center, European Space Agency, Noordwijk 2201AZ, The Netherlands
| | - D O Kataria
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Surrey RH5 6NT, United Kingdom
| | - L Dai
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Jiang TY, Hou JH, Su B, Zhang T, Yang Y, Liu ZY, Wang W, Guo CP, Dai LL, Sun LJ, Wu H. Demographic and clinical factors associated with immune reconstitution in HIV/HBV co-infected and HIV mono-infected patients: a retrospective cohort study. HIV Med 2020; 21:722-728. [PMID: 33369028 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.13023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the clinical characteristics and factors associated with CD4 T-cell count and CD4/CD8 ratio restoration in HIV mono-infected and HIV/HBV co-infected individuals, and to explore liver and renal functional changes in both groups. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed including 356 HIV/HBV co-infected and 716 HIV mono-infected participants who initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) during 2013-2017 in Beijing Youan Hospital, China. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared between the two groups, using χ2 and Mann-Whitney non-parametric tests. Bivariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used to test their association. RESULTS Baseline HIV viral load and ART regimen were found to be significantly associated with CD4 T-cell restoration among HIV-infected participants, whereas baseline HIV viral load was the only significant factor associated with CD4 T-cell restoration in HIV/HBV co-infected participants. The final model showed that baseline HIV viral load and ART regimen were significantly associated with CD4/CD8 ratio restoration among HIV-infected participants, while baseline HIV viral load was the significant factor. Liver and renal functions were similar at the endpoint (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Baseline HIV viral load count was found to be the key factor affecting immune restoration in both HIV and HIV/HBV individuals. Future multi-wave prospective studies are needed to clarify the potential biological mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Y Jiang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - J H Hou
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - B Su
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - T Zhang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Y Yang
- Network Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Z Y Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - W Wang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - C P Guo
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - L L Dai
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - L J Sun
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - H Wu
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Yang CG, Ma CS, Fan L, Su B, Wang YX, Jiang GD, Zhou BY. [The value of left ventricular longitudinal strain in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of myocardial amyloidosis]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2020; 100:3431-3436. [PMID: 33238674 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20200423-01282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the characteristics of left ventricular longitudinal strain (LS) in myocardial amyloidosis (CA), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and Fabry disease (FD), as well as the correlation between left ventricular LS and these diseases. Methods: A total of 14 CA patients, 28 HCM patients and 5 FD patients who visited the Department of Cardiology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University from June 2017 to November 2019 were retrospectively included. EchoPAC software was used to analyze left ventricular LS, and univariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between echocardiographic LS indexes and various myocardial hypertrophy diseases. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the sensitivity and specificity of echocardiograph LS indexes in the diagnosis of various myocardial hypertrophy diseases. Results: There were significant differences in LS of left ventricular basal segment, inferior wall, posterior wall, lateral wall and posterior septum among the three groups (P<0.05). The absolute value of LS in the left ventricular basal segment decreased in the CA group; the absolute value of LS in left ventricular posterior wall and lateral wall decreased significantly in the FD group (P<0.05); the absolute values of LS in left ventricular basal segment, inferior wall, posterior septum, lateral wall and posterior wall increased significantly in the HCM group (P<0.05). The absolute value of LS < 7.9% in the left ventricular basal segment, or > 13.2% in the inferior wall and > 9.2% in the basal segment, or < 8.3% in the lateral wall and < 7.9% in the posterior wall were the indicators of high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of CA, HCM and FD, respectively. Conclusions: Left ventricular LS was an important index to differentiate myocardial hypertrophy. Combined with their respective clinical characteristics, it could provide certain reference value for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China (Yang Changgen is working on the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310012, China)
| | - C S Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - L Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - B Su
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Y X Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - G D Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - B Y Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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Zhang N, Cheng P, Jia W, Dung CH, Liu L, Chen W, Lei H, Kan C, Han X, Su B, Xiao S, Qian H, Lin B, Li Y. Impact of intervention methods on COVID-19 transmission in Shenzhen. Build Environ 2020; 180:107106. [PMID: 32834417 PMCID: PMC7331564 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.107106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
By March 31, 2020, COVID-19 had spread to more than 200 countries. Over 750,000 confirmed cases were reported, leading to more than 36,000 deaths. In this study, we analysed the efficiency of various intervention strategies to prevent infection by the virus, SARS-CoV-2, using an agent-based SEIIR model, in the fully urbanised city of Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China. Shortening the duration from symptom onset to hospital admission, quarantining recent arrivals from Hubei Province, and letting symptomatic individuals stay at home were found to be the three most important interventions to reduce the risk of infection in Shenzhen. The ideal time window for a mandatory quarantine of arrivals from Hubei Province was between 10 January and January 17, 2020, while the ideal time window for local intervention strategies was between 15 and 22 January. The risk of infection could have been reduced by 50% if all symptomatic individuals had immediately gone to hospital for isolation, and by 35% if a 14-day quarantine for arrivals from Hubei Province had been introduced one week earlier. Intervention strategies implemented in Shenzhen were effective, and the spread of infection would be controlled even if the initial basic reproduction number had doubled. Our results may be useful for other cities when choosing their intervention strategies to prevent outbreaks of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pan Cheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Zhejiang Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Lin An, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chung-Hin Dung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzhao Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hao Lei
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changcheng Kan
- Beijing Baidu Netcom Science Technology Co., Ltd., Baidu Campus, Shangdi 10th Street, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Han
- Beijing Baidu Netcom Science Technology Co., Ltd., Baidu Campus, Shangdi 10th Street, Beijing, China
| | - Boni Su
- China Electric Power Planning & Engineering Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Shenglan Xiao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hua Qian
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Borong Lin
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuguo Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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22
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Udeh-Momoh C, Price G, Ropacki MT, Ketter N, Andrews T, Arrighi HM, Brashear HR, Robb C, Bassil DT, Cohn M, Curry LK, Su B, Perera D, Giannakopoulou P, Car J, Ward HA, Perneczky R, Novak G, Middleton L. Prospective Evaluation of Cognitive Health and Related Factors in Elderly at Risk for Developing Alzheimer's Dementia: A Longitudinal Cohort Study. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2020; 6:256-266. [PMID: 31686098 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2019.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CHARIOT PRO Main study is a prospective, non-interventional study evaluating cognitive trajectories in participants at the preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) classified by risk levels for developing mild cognitive impairment due to AD (MCI-AD). OBJECTIVES The study aimed to characterize factors and markers influencing cognitive and functional progression among individuals at-risk for developing MCI-AD, and examine data for more precise predictors of cognitive change, particularly in relation to APOE ε4 subgroup. DESIGN This single-site study was conducted at the Imperial College London (ICL) in the United Kingdom. Participants 60 to 85 years of age were classified as high, medium (amnestic or non-amnestic) or low risk for developing MCI-AD based on RBANS z-scores. A series of clinical outcome assessments (COAs) on factors influencing baseline cognitive changes were collected in each of the instrument categories of cognition, lifestyle exposure, mood, and sleep. Data collection was planned to occur every 6 months for 48 months, however the median follow-up time was 18.1 months due to early termination of study by the sponsor. RESULTS 987 participants were screened, among them 690 participants were actively followed-up post baseline, of whom 165 (23.9%) were APOE ε4 carriers; with at least one copy of the allele. The mean age was 68.73 years, 94.6% were white, 57.4% were female, and 34.8% had a Family History of Dementia with a somewhat larger percentage in the APOE ε4 carrier group (42.4%) compared to the non-carrier group (32.4%). Over half of the participants were married and 53% had a Bachelor's or higher degree. Most frequently, safety events typical for this population consisted of upper respiratory tract infection (10.4%), falls (5.2%), hypertension (3.5%) and back pain (3.0%). Conclusion (clinical relevance): AD-related measures collected during the CHARIOT PRO Main study will allow identification and evaluation of AD risk factors and markers associated with cognitive performance from the pre-clinical stage. Evaluating the psycho-biological characteristics of these pre-symptomatic individuals in relation to their natural neurocognitive trajectories will enhance current understanding on determinants of the initial signs of cognitive changes linked to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Udeh-Momoh
- Gerald Novak, MD, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, 1125 Trenton-Harbourton Rd., Titusville, NJ 08560, USA, Tel.:+1 609 730 4416, Fax: +1 908 730 2069,
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Ding X, Zhang J, Shi M, Liu D, Zhang L, Zhang R, Su B, Ai K. High expression level of interleukin-1β is correlated with poor prognosis and PD-1 expression in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Clin Transl Oncol 2020; 23:35-42. [PMID: 32472456 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-020-02392-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cytokines are vital pro-inflammatory factors and involved in tumor immune infiltration, and immune infiltration is closely related to PD-1/PD-L1 blockades immunotherapy. This study aims to explore the associations between cytokines and prognosis and also PD-1/PD-L1 expression in early lung adenocarcinoma, which is seldom reported. METHODS 324 early lung adenocarcinoma patients with prior surgical resection were included and the associations between overall survival time and clinical factors and also cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were analyzed by multivariate cox regression and Kaplan-Meier curve (log-rank test). Resected tumor samples were randomly obtained to detect the PD-1/PD-L1 expression by immunohistochemistry, and Chi square test was used for relations between cytokines and PD-1/PD-L1 expression. RESULTS In this study group, 26.2% patients showed a high level of IL-1β and patients with high IL-1β level showed 19 months shortened mOS than those with normal IL-1 β expression (mOS: 24.00, 95%CI 11.98-36.02 vs 43.00, 95% CI 37.37-48.63, p = 0.017). Among detected samples, the positive rate of PD-1 was 25.0% (13/52), and the positive rate of PD-L1 was 37.3% (19/52). The positive rate of PD-1 was 36.1% higher in high-IL-1 β-level group as compared to normal-IL-1β-level group (50.0% vs 13.9%, p = 0.012). No significant association was found between IL-1 β and PD-L1 expression. CONCLUSION High expression level of IL-1β was correlated with poor prognosis and higher positive rate of PD-1 expression, which gave us insights into biomarkers of survival prediction and immunotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma. Further studies were still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 507, Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - M Shi
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - D Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 507, Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - R Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 507, Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - B Su
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 507, Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
| | - K Ai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 507, Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
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Jenkins J, Mantell J, Neal C, Gholinia A, Verkade P, Nobbs AH, Su B. Antibacterial effects of nanopillar surfaces are mediated by cell impedance, penetration and induction of oxidative stress. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1626. [PMID: 32242015 PMCID: PMC7118135 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15471-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Some insects, such as dragonflies, have evolved nanoprotrusions on their wings that rupture bacteria on contact. This has inspired the design of antibacterial implant surfaces with insect-wing mimetic nanopillars made of synthetic materials. Here, we characterise the physiological and morphological effects of mimetic titanium nanopillars on bacteria. The nanopillars induce deformation and penetration of the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cell envelope, but do not rupture or lyse bacteria. They can also inhibit bacterial cell division, and trigger production of reactive oxygen species and increased abundance of oxidative stress proteins. Our results indicate that nanopillars' antibacterial activities may be mediated by oxidative stress, and do not necessarily require bacterial lysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jenkins
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - J Mantell
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - C Neal
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - A Gholinia
- School of Materials Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - P Verkade
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - A H Nobbs
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - B Su
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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Zhang N, Su B, Chan PT, Miao T, Wang P, Li Y. Infection Spread and High-Resolution Detection of Close Contact Behaviors. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E1445. [PMID: 32102305 PMCID: PMC7068293 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of human behaviors is important for improving indoor-environment design, building-energy efficiency, and productivity, and for studies of infection spread. However, such data are lacking. In this study, we designed a device for detecting and recording, second by second, the 3D indoor positioning and head and body motions of each graduate student in an office. From more than 400 person hours of data. Students spent 92.2%, 4.1%, 2.9%, and 0.8% of their time in their own office cubicles, other office cubicles, aisles, and areas near public facilities, respectively. They spent 9.7% of time in close contact, and each student averagely had 4.0 close contacts/h. Students spent long time on close contact in the office which may lead to high infection risk. The average interpersonal distance during close contact was 0.81 m. When sitting, students preferred small relative face orientation angle. Pairs of standing students preferred a face-to-face orientation during close contact which means this pattern had a lower infection risk via close contact. Probability of close contact decreased exponentially with the increasing distance between two students' cubicles. Data on human behaviour during close contact is helpful for infection risk analysis and infection control and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, China; (N.Z.); (P.-T.C.); (T.M.); (P.W.)
| | - Boni Su
- China Electric Power Planning & Engineering Institute, Beijing 100120, China;
| | - Pak-To Chan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, China; (N.Z.); (P.-T.C.); (T.M.); (P.W.)
| | - Te Miao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, China; (N.Z.); (P.-T.C.); (T.M.); (P.W.)
| | - Peihua Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, China; (N.Z.); (P.-T.C.); (T.M.); (P.W.)
| | - Yuguo Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, China; (N.Z.); (P.-T.C.); (T.M.); (P.W.)
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Le TT, Bryant J, Ang B, Su B, Cook S, Chin CALVIN. P962 The Remodeling Index risk stratifies patients with hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez319.595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
National Medical Research Council
BACKGROUND
Hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is associated with increased cardiovascular events. The authors previously developed the Remodeling Index (RI) that incorporated LV volume and wall-thickness in a single measure of advanced hypertrophy in hypertensive patients.
PURPOSE
This study examined the mechanisms and prognostic potential of the RI in reference with current LVH classifications.
METHODS
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) was performed in 400 asymptomatic hypertensive patients. The newly derived RI ([(EDV)^1/3]/t; where EDV is LV end-diastolic volume and t is the maximal wall thickness across 16 myocardial segments) stratified hypertensive patients into 3 groups: without LVH, LVH with normal RI (LVH_Normal-RI) and LVH with low RI (LVH_Low-RI). The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause mortality, acute coronary syndromes, strokes and decompensated heart failure.
RESULTS
LVH_Low-RI was associated with increased LV mass index, fibrosis burden, impaired myocardial function and elevated biochemical markers of myocardial injury and wall stress. Over 18.3 ± 7.0 months (601.3 patient-years), patients with LVH_Low-RI had more than a 5-fold increase in adverse events compared to those with LVH_Normal-RI (11.6 events/100patient-years versus 2.0 events/100 patient-years, respectively; log-rank P < 0.001; Figure A). The RI provided incremental prognostic value over and above a model consisting of clinical variables and LVH (P = 0.02). Conversely concentric and eccentric LVH were associated with adverse prognosis (4.5 events/100patient-years versus 6.0 events/100patient-years, respectively; log-rank P = 0.62) that was similar as the natural history of hypertensive LVH (5.1 events/100patient-years).
CONCLUSIONS
The RI provides mechanistic insights and prognostic value that improves risk-stratification of hypertensive LVH.
Abstract P962 Figure.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Le
- National Heart Centre Singapore (NHCS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - J Bryant
- National Heart Centre Singapore (NHCS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - B Ang
- National Heart Centre Singapore (NHCS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - B Su
- National Heart Centre Singapore (NHCS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - S Cook
- National Heart Centre Singapore (NHCS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - CALVIN Chin
- National Heart Centre Singapore (NHCS), Singapore, Singapore
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Phua AIH, Tara SW, Le TT, Bryant JA, Toh DFK, Ang BWY, Su B, Cook SA, Chin CWL. P1419 Sex-related differences in cardiac remodeling in health and hypertension. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez319.851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
National Medical Research Council
OnBehalf
National Heart Centre Singapore
BACKGROUND
Adverse cardiac remodelling is associated with worse cardiovascular outcomes. Development of left ventricular hypertrophy (defined as increased myocardial mass) is a complex process mediated by myocardial wall thickening and/or ventricular dilatation. Sex-related differences in the relationship between myocardial mass and wall thickening/ventricular dilatation have not been well-described.
PURPOSE
We examine differences in determinants and patterns of cardiac remodeling between males and females.
METHODS
Comprehensive cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 1006 participants: 316 healthy volunteers (50% males, 46 ± 14 years) and 690 asymptomatic hypertensive patients (60% males, 57 ± 11 years). Myocardial mass, ventricular volumes and maximal myocardial wall thickness (across 16 myocardial segments) were measured using standardized contouring techniques. Clinically relevant variables (age, weight, height, and adiposity) that demonstrated significant univariate association with myocardial mass (P < 0.05) were selected in the multivariable linear regression model using the forward approach.
RESULTS
Increased body weight, lower body fat composition and higher systolic blood pressures were independently associated with increased myocardial mass in healthy volunteers (males and females) and hypertensive females. In hypertensive males, only increased body weight and elevated systolic blood pressure were independently associated with increased myocardial mass.
The association between myocardial mass and ventricular volumes was almost identical between males and females (P = 0.65 for interaction; Figure). Conversely, there was a significant gender-related difference in the association between wall thickness and myocardial mass after adjusting for potential confounders (P < 0.001 for interaction). Concentric remodeling was initially more evident in males; but further with increase, myocardial mass was associated with greater concentric remodeling in females (Figure). Similar results were observed when analyses were performed separately in healthy volunteers and hypertensive patients.
CONCLUSION
There were sex-related differences in concentric remodeling at progressive stages of myocardial hypertrophy that may explain the higher prevalence of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction reported in females.
Abstract P1419 Figure
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Affiliation(s)
- A I H Phua
- Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - S W Tara
- Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - T T Le
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - J A Bryant
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - D F K Toh
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - B W Y Ang
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - B Su
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - S A Cook
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - C W L Chin
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Wang W, Wang X, Ren X, Li Z, Su B, Xu Y, Xu X, Lv D, Liu W, Zhang S, Chen L, Li X. Features and clinical significance of the ossification centres in the odontoid process based on micro-computed tomography. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2019; 79:845-850. [PMID: 31802474 DOI: 10.5603/fm.a2019.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microscopic structures of the ossification centres of the odontoid process were studied from the micro-computed tomography (CT) images of the axis, and the potential influence of the ossification centres with different microscopic structures on odontoid process fractures was analysed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen odontoid process specimens were randomly collected and scanned by micro-CT. The obtained images were then input into the software for further observation and measurement. Incomplete absorption of the ossification centres in the base was observed, along with the anatomic structure of the regions with incomplete ossification and structural parameters of the trabecular bones. RESULTS The microscopic structures of the trabecular bones in the ossification centres in the base of the odontoid process could be clearly visualised from the micro-CT images. Among the 18 odontoid process specimens, 11 specimens were found with incomplete absorption of the ossification centres in the axis, the prevalence reaching up to 61%. Regions with incomplete ossification varied in size and morphology, and their three-dimensional morphology was predominantly oval. Of all structural parameters examined for the trabecular bones, there were only significant differences in the degree of anisotropy between the regions with incomplete absorption of ossification centres and the average vertebral trabecular bones (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Incomplete absorption of the ossification centres in the base of the odontoid process is a relatively prevalent condition. The cavitation effect of the trabecular bones may be the primary cause for odontoid process fractures.
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Tan Y, Su B, Cai X, Guan P, Liu X, Ma P, Zhou H, Liu J, Pang Y. An automated smear microscopy system to diagnose tuberculosis in a high-burden setting. Clin Microbiol Infect 2019; 25:1553-1559. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Dunseath O, Smith EJW, Al-Jeda T, Smith JA, King S, May PW, Nobbs AH, Hazell G, Welch CC, Su B. Studies of Black Diamond as an antibacterial surface for Gram Negative bacteria: the interplay between chemical and mechanical bactericidal activity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8815. [PMID: 31217508 PMCID: PMC6584650 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45280-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
'Black silicon' (bSi) samples with surfaces covered in nanoneedles of length ~5 µm were fabricated using a plasma etching process and then coated with a conformal uniform layer of diamond using hot filament chemical vapour deposition to produce 'black diamond' (bD) nanostructures. The diamond needles were then chemically terminated with H, O, NH2 or F using plasma treatment, and the hydrophilicity of the resulting surfaces were assessed using water droplet contact-angle measurements, and scaled in the order O > H ≈NH2 >F, with the F-terminated surface being superhydrophobic. The effectiveness of these differently terminated bD needles in killing the Gram-negative bacterium E. coli was semi-quantified by Live/Dead staining and fluorescence microscopy, and visualised by environmental scanning electron microscopy. The total number of adhered bacteria was consistent for all the nanostructured bD surfaces at around 50% of the value for the flat diamond control. This, combined with a chemical bactericidal effect of 20-30%, shows that the nanostructured bD surfaces supported significantly fewer viable E. coli than flat surfaces. Moreover, the bD surfaces were particularly effective at preventing the establishment of bacterial aggregates - a precursor to biofilm formation. The percentage of dead bacteria also decreased as a function of hydrophilicity. These results are consistent with a predominantly mechanical mechanism for bacteria death based on the stretching and disruption of the cell membrane, combined with an additional effect from the chemical nature of the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Dunseath
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - E J W Smith
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - T Al-Jeda
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - J A Smith
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - S King
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, United Kingdom
| | - P W May
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom.
| | - A H Nobbs
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, United Kingdom
| | - G Hazell
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, United Kingdom
| | - C C Welch
- Oxford Instruments Plasma Technology, Yatton, Bristol, BS49 4AP, United Kingdom
| | - B Su
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, United Kingdom
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Zhang J, Ding X, Zhang L, Su B. P3.12-09 Smad4 Mutation Confers Acquired Neuroendocrine Phenotype in Transformation of Lung Adenocarcinoma to Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.1832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Yeow CES, Cai J, Le TT, Bryant JA, Su B, Chin CWL. P3696Determinants of left ventricular trabeculations in hypertensive patients. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy563.p3696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C E S Yeow
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Cai
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - T T Le
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - J A Bryant
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - B Su
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - C W L Chin
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Jin L, Cheng XL, Qin YZ, Su B. [Analysis of the influential factors of late diagnosis among newly identified HIV/AIDS cases in Anhui Province, 2011-2015]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2018; 52:415-418. [PMID: 29614610 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the base situation and influential factors of late diagnosis among newly identified HIV/AIDS cases in Anhui Province from 2011 to 2015. Methods: Database information of the newly identified HIV/AIDS cases in Anhui Province from 2011 to 2015 were downloaded from the National HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Information System of China's disease prevention and control information system. To analyze the data including basic information, sample source, route of HIV transmission, population mobility, venereal disease, death and first CD4 count; and the number of 7 073 cases were classified according to late diagnosis and non-late diagnosis criteria. The Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the influential factors of HIV late diagnosis. Results: A total of 7 073 newly identified HIV/AIDS cases were analyzed, and the mean age was (38.5±15.0) years. The proportion of late diagnosis in all counted cases was 41.7% (2 949/7 073); from 2011 to 2015, the proportions of late diagnosis were 59.7% (485/812), 46.5% (531/1 141), 42.7% (587/1 376), 36.1% (609/1 686), and 35.8% (737/2 058), respectively. Compared with the 0 to 19 years group, the 40 to 59 years group and over 60 years old group have higher risk of late diagnosis (OR=2.68, 95%CI: 1.94-3.71; OR=2.18, 95%CI: 1.53-3.10, respectively). Compared with the high education group, the illiterate and primary school education group have higher risk of late diagnosis (OR=1.74, 95%CI: 1.36-2.22; OR=1.64, 95%CI: 1.34-2.01, respectively). Compared with other sample sources, medical institutions have higher risk of late diagnosis (OR=2.64, 95%CI: 2.28-3.05). Compared with migrant population, the resident population have higher risk of late diagnosis (OR=1.80, 95%CI: 1.53-2.11). Conclusion: The proportion of late diagnosis among newly identified HIV/AIDS cases in Anhui province was relatively high from 2011 to 2015. The main risk factors of late diagnosis included cases reported by medical institutions, resident population, over 40 years old age group and low education level.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jin
- AIDS Department of Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei 230601, China
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Zhang N, Huang H, Duan X, Zhao J, Su B. Quantitative association analysis between PM 2.5 concentration and factors on industry, energy, agriculture, and transportation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9461. [PMID: 29930284 PMCID: PMC6013430 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27771-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid urbanization is causing serious PM2.5 (particulate matter ≤2.5 μm) pollution in China. However, the impacts of human activities (including industrial production, energy production, agriculture, and transportation) on PM2.5 concentrations have not been thoroughly studied. In this study, we obtained a regression formula for PM2.5 concentration based on more than 1 million PM2.5 recorded values and data from meteorology, industrial production, energy production, agriculture, and transportation for 31 provinces of mainland China between January 2013 and May 2017. We used stepwise regression to process 49 factors that influence PM2.5 concentration, and obtained the 10 primary influencing factors. Data of PM2.5 concentration and 10 factors from June to December, 2017 was used to verify the robustness of the model. Excluding meteorological factors, production of natural gas, industrial boilers, and ore production have the highest association with PM2.5 concentration, while nuclear power generation is the most positive factor in decreasing PM2.5 concentration. Tianjin, Beijing, and Hebei provinces are the most vulnerable to high PM2.5 concentrations caused by industrial production, energy production, agriculture, and transportation (IEAT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Institute of Public Safety Research, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Duan
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlong Zhao
- Institute of Public Safety Research, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Boni Su
- Electric Power Planning & Engineering Institute, Beijing, China.
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Abstract
'Black silicon' (bSi) samples with surfaces covered in nanoneedles of varying length, areal density and sharpness, have been fabricated using a plasma etching process. These nanostructures were then coated with a conformal uniform layer of diamond using hot filament chemical vapour deposition to produce 'black diamond' (bD) surfaces. The effectiveness of these bSi and bD surfaces in killing Gram-negative (E. coli) and Gram-positive (S. gordonii) bacteria was investigated by culturing the bacteria on the surfaces for a set time and then measuring the live-to-dead ratio. All the nanostructured surfaces killed E. coli at a significantly higher rate than the respective flat Si or diamond control samples. The length of the needles was found to be less important than their separation, i.e. areal density. This is consistent with a model for mechanical bacteria death based on the stretching and disruption of the cell membrane, enhanced by the cells motility on the surfaces. In contrast, S. gordonii were unaffected by the nanostructured surfaces, possibly due to their smaller size, thicker cell membrane and/or their lack of motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hazell
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK
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Gong L, Song DD, Wu JB, Cao MH, Su B, Sun Y, Lyu Y, Zhang L, Wang F, He YX, Wang JS. Human-to-human transmissions of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in Anhui province, 2010-2017. Clin Microbiol Infect 2018; 24:920-922. [PMID: 29559391 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Gong
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Anhui, China.
| | - D D Song
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Anhui, China
| | - J B Wu
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Anhui, China
| | - M H Cao
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Anhui, China
| | - B Su
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Anhui, China
| | - Y Sun
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Anhui, China
| | - Y Lyu
- Lu'an Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lu'an, China
| | - L Zhang
- Hefei Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
| | - F Wang
- Wuhu Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhu, China
| | - Y X He
- Tongling Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tongling, China
| | - J S Wang
- Anqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Anqing, China
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Li Y, Huang H, Shuai J, Zhao J, Su B. Experimental study of continuously released liquid fuel spill fires on land and water in a channel. J Loss Prev Process Ind 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zhang N, Huang H, Su B, Ma X, Li Y. A human behavior integrated hierarchical model of airborne disease transmission in a large city. Build Environ 2018; 127:211-220. [PMID: 32287976 PMCID: PMC7115769 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Epidemics of infectious diseases such as SARS, H1N1, and MERS threaten public health, particularly in large cities such as Hong Kong. We constructed a human behavior integrated hierarchical (HiHi) model based on the SIR (Susceptible, Infectious, and Recovered) model, the Wells-Riley equation, and population movement considering both spatial and temporal dimensions. The model considers more than 7 million people, 3 million indoor environments, and 2566 public transport routes in Hong Kong. Smallpox, which could be spread through airborne routes, is studied as an example. The simulation is based on people's daily commutes and indoor human behaviors, which were summarized by mathematical patterns. We found that 59.6%, 18.1%, and 13.4% of patients become infected in their homes, offices, and schools, respectively. If both work stoppage and school closure measures are taken when the number of infected people is greater than 1000, an infectious disease will be effectively controlled after 2 months. The peak number of infected people will be reduced by 25% compared to taking no action, and the time of peak infections will be delayed by about 40 days if 90% of the infected people go to hospital during the infectious period. When ventilation rates in indoor environments increase to five times their default settings, smallpox will be naturally controlled. Residents of Kowloon and the north part of Hong Kong Island have a high risk of infection from airborne infectious diseases. Our HiHi model reduces the calculation time for infection rates to an acceptable level while preserving accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Public Safety Research, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Institute of Public Safety Research, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Boni Su
- Electric Power Planning & Engineering Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Ma
- Institute of Public Safety Research, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuguo Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Chambers C, Stewart S, Su B, Jenkinson H, Sandy J, Ireland A. Silver doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles as antimicrobial additives to dental polymers. Dent Mater 2017; 33:e115-e123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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41
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May PW, Clegg M, Silva TA, Zanin H, Fatibello-Filho O, Celorrio V, Fermin DJ, Welch CC, Hazell G, Fisher L, Nobbs A, Su B. Diamond-coated 'black silicon' as a promising material for high-surface-area electrochemical electrodes and antibacterial surfaces. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:5737-5746. [PMID: 32263865 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb01774f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This report describes a method to fabricate high-surface-area boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes using so-called 'black silicon' (bSi) as a substrate. This is a synthetic nanostructured material that contains high-aspect-ratio nano-protrusions, such as spikes or needles, on the Si surface produced via plasma etching. We now show that coating a bSi surface composed of 15 μm-high needles conformably with BDD produces a robust electrochemical electrode with high sensitivity and high electroactive area. A clinically relevant demonstration of the efficacy of these electrodes is shown by measuring their sensitivity for detection of dopamine (DA) in the presence of an excess of uric acid (UA). Finally, the nanostructured surface of bSi has recently been found to generate a mechanical bactericidal effect, killing both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria at high rates. We will show that BDD-coated bSi also acts as an effective antibacterial surface, with the added advantage that being diamond-coated it is far more robust and less likely to become damaged than Si.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W May
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
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Zhao J, Huang H, Li Y, Su B, Zhang N. Experimental and modeling study of the behavior of a large-scale spill fire on a water layer. J Loss Prev Process Ind 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zhang XH, Geng GL, Su B, Liang CP, Wang F, Bao JC. MicroRNA-338-3p inhibits glucocorticoid-induced osteoclast formation through RANKL targeting. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr7674. [PMID: 27706599 DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15037674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The differentiation deficiencies of osteoclast precursors (pre-OCs) may contribute to osteoporosis. Research on osteoporosis has recently focused on microRNAs (miRNAs) that play crucial roles in pre-OC differentiation. In the current study, we aimed to analyze the expression and function of the glucocorticoid (GC)-associated miRNA-338-3p (miR-338-3p) in osteoclast formation. We found that dexamethasone induced osteoclast differentiation and inhibited miR-338-3p expression. Overexpression of an miR-338-3p mimic in osteoclast precursor cells attenuated GC-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption, whereas inhibition of miR-338-3p reversed these effects. The expression of the nuclear factor κB ligand RANKL, a potential target gene of miR-338-3p, was inversely correlated with miR-338-3p expression in pre-OCs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that RANKL was directly regulated by miR-338-3p and re-introduction of RANKL reversed the inhibitory effects of miR-338-3p on osteoclast formation and bone resorption. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that miR-338-3p may play a significant role in GC-induced osteoclast differentiation and function by targeting RANKL in osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- X H Zhang
- Department of Physical Therapy, Wuxi Tongren International Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - G L Geng
- School of Nursing, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - B Su
- Department of Physical Therapy, Wuxi Tongren International Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - C P Liang
- Department of Physical Therapy, Wuxi Tongren International Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - F Wang
- Department of Physical Therapy, Wuxi Tongren International Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - J C Bao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Wuxi Tongren International Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Jin Y, Zhou T, Geng X, Liu S, Chen A, Yao J, Jiang C, Tan S, Su B, Liu Z. A genome-wide association study of heat stress-associated SNPs in catfish. Anim Genet 2016; 48:233-236. [PMID: 27476875 DOI: 10.1111/age.12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Heat tolerance is a complex and economically important trait for catfish genetic breeding programs. With global climate change, it is becoming an increasingly important trait. To better understand the molecular basis of heat stress, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was carried out using the 250 K catfish SNP array with interspecific backcross progenies, which derived from crossing female channel catfish with male F1 hybrid catfish (female channel catfish × male blue catfish). Three significant associated SNPs were detected by performing an EMMAX approach for GWAS. The SNP located on linkage group 14 explained 12.1% of phenotypical variation. The other two SNPs, located on linkage group 16, explained 11.3 and 11.5% of phenotypical variation respectively. A total of 14 genes with heat stress related functions were detected within the significant associated regions. Among them, five genes-TRAF2, FBXW5, ANAPC2, UBR1 and KLHL29- have known functions in the protein degradation process through the ubiquitination pathway. Other genes related to heat stress include genes involved in protein biosynthesis (PRPF4 and SYNCRIP), protein folding (DNAJC25), molecule and iron transport (SLC25A46 and CLIC5), cytoskeletal reorganization (COL12A1) and energy metabolism (COX7A2, PLCB1 and PLCB4) processes. The results provide fundamental information about genes and pathways that is useful for further investigation into the molecular mechanisms of heat stress. The associated SNPs could be promising candidates for selecting heat-tolerant catfish lines after validating their effects on larger and various catfish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Jin
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Aquatic Genomics Unit, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - T Zhou
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Aquatic Genomics Unit, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - X Geng
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Aquatic Genomics Unit, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - S Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Aquatic Genomics Unit, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - A Chen
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Aquatic Genomics Unit, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - J Yao
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Aquatic Genomics Unit, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - C Jiang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Aquatic Genomics Unit, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - S Tan
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Aquatic Genomics Unit, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - B Su
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Aquatic Genomics Unit, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Z Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Aquatic Genomics Unit, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
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Simon AL, Su B, Demko Z, Rabinowitz M, Harmon ER, Gross SJ. Detection of complete molar pregnancy by single-nucleotide polymorphism-based non-invasive prenatal testing. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015; 46:506-507. [PMID: 25810270 DOI: 10.1002/uog.14854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A L Simon
- Natera, Inc., 201 Industrial Road, Suite 410, San Carlos, CA, 94070, USA
| | - B Su
- Natera, Inc., 201 Industrial Road, Suite 410, San Carlos, CA, 94070, USA
| | - Z Demko
- Natera, Inc., 201 Industrial Road, Suite 410, San Carlos, CA, 94070, USA
| | - M Rabinowitz
- Natera, Inc., 201 Industrial Road, Suite 410, San Carlos, CA, 94070, USA
| | | | - S J Gross
- Natera, Inc., 201 Industrial Road, Suite 410, San Carlos, CA, 94070, USA
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Zhao X, Fu J, Xu A, Yu L, Zhu J, Dai R, Su B, Luo T, Li N, Qin W, Wang B, Jiang J, Li S, Chen Y, Wang H. Gankyrin drives malignant transformation of chronic liver damage-mediated fibrosis via the Rac1/JNK pathway. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1751. [PMID: 25950481 PMCID: PMC4669699 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocarcinogenesis is a complex process involving chronic liver injury, inflammation, unregulated wound healing, subsequent fibrosis and carcinogenesis. To decipher the molecular mechanism underlying transition from chronic liver injury to dysplasia, we investigated the oncogenic role of gankyrin (PSMD10 or p28GANK) during malignant transformation in a transgenic mouse model. Here, we find that gankyrin increased in patients with cirrhosis. In addition to more severe liver fibrosis and tumorigenesis after DEN plus CCl4 treatment, hepatocyte-specific gankyrin-overexpressing mice (gankyrinhep) exhibited malignant transformation from liver fibrosis to tumors even under single CCl4 administration, whereas wild-type mice merely experienced fibrosis. Consistently, enhanced hepatic injury, severe inflammation and strengthened compensatory proliferation occurred in gankyrinhep mice during CCl4 performance. This correlated with augmented expressions of cell cycle-related genes and abnormal activation of Rac1/c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Pharmacological inhibition of the Rac1/JNK pathway attenuated hepatic fibrosis and prevented CCl4-induced carcinogenesis in gankyrinhep mice. Together, these findings suggest that gankyrin promotes liver fibrosis/cirrhosis progression into hepatocarcinoma relying on a persistent liver injury and inflammatory microenvironment. Blockade of Rac1/JNK activation impeded gankyrin-mediated hepatocytic malignant transformation, indicating the combined inhibition of gankyrin and Rac1/JNK as a potential prevention mechanism for cirrhosis transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhao
- 1] Model Animal Research Center and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China [2] International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute/Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - J Fu
- 1] International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute/Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China [2] National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - A Xu
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute/Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - L Yu
- 1] International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute/Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China [2] National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - J Zhu
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute/Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - R Dai
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute/Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - B Su
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute/Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - T Luo
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute/Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - N Li
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute/Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - W Qin
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute/Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - B Wang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute/Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - J Jiang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute/Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - S Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Bioinformatics Division, TNLIST, Department of Antomation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Y Chen
- 1] International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute/Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China [2] National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - H Wang
- 1] Model Animal Research Center and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China [2] International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute/Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China [3] National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai 200438, China [4] State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Cancer Institute of Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Petrini M, Ferrante M, Trentini P, Spoto G, Su B. Influence of alumina particles in the production of biomimetic composites. Minerva Stomatol 2014; 63:315-324. [PMID: 25308569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the work was to evaluate the influence of the filler size and shape in the final architecture of biomimetic composite produced through the freeze casting technique. METHODS Different samples of ceramic infiltrated with resin, composed by a different ratio between RonaFlair White Sapphire aluminium oxide powder - EMD Chemicals/Rona Gibbstown, USA (platelet-like morphology and average particle size <16 µm) and Almatis alumina filler ‑ CT3000SG, Almatis, USA (average particle size of 0.8 µm) have been produced. The samples have been then characterized through thermal analysis and calorimetry (Model TG/DT A 6300, Seiko Instruments USA Inc. Torrance, CA, USA), scanning electron microscopy (Phenom-World BV, Eindhoven, The Netherlands), and optical microscope (Nikon Eclipse E600 microscope). Moreover the percentage of shrinkage after the ceramic sintering have been measured through a digital calibre (Mitutoyo USA, Aurora, IL, USA). Four different groups have been considered: Group 1 (10R): 10% RonaFlair- 90% Almitas; Group 2 (20R): 20% RonaFlair- 80% Almitas; Group 3 (40R): 40% RonaFlair- 60% Almitas; Group 4 (60R): 60% RonaFlair- 40% Almitas. RESULTS Optical microscope and SEM observations have confirmed that all samples were characterized by a biomimetic hierarchic structure. For what concerning the average thickness of lamellae measured at 4 and 8 mm from the cooling plate, samples 10R were characterized by higher thickness at both levels. The measured parameter indeed decreases with the increment of the percentage of RonaFlair in the slurry composition. On the contrary the distance between lamellae (wavelength), was characterized by an opposite trend. The measurement of the diameters of the samples after the sintering process through a digital calibre has shown that 10R and 20R samples were characterized by a constant shrinkage in all the samples. On the contrary, groups 40R and 60R were distorted and were characterized by a higher diameter at the bottom respect the upper portion of the samples. Indeed these samples were characterized in the bottom by a greater amount of particles, both Almatis than RonaFlair ones. We have supposed that gravity force, during the freeze casting process, tended to push down in the lower layers all heaviest particles and then the lightest ones have occupied the spaces they have left. Consequently in upper layers there were only few particles so during the sintering process were characterized by the higher shrinkage. This phenomenon was limited in samples 10R and 20R because the percentage of greatest particle was so much inferior that their position was not influential. CONCLUSION The present study has shown that samples composed by a higher percentage of RonaFlair, were characterized by a higher distortion after sintherization; the cause of this phenomenon could be the different sedimentation process that characterizes particles of different weight and size.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Petrini
- Dental Materials Laboratory Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy -
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Zhang N, Huang H, Su B, Zhao J, Zhang B. Information dissemination analysis of different media towards the application for disaster pre-warning. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98649. [PMID: 24878739 PMCID: PMC4039515 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowing the information dissemination mechanisms of different media and having an efficient information dissemination plan for disaster pre-warning plays a very important role in reducing losses and ensuring the safety of human beings. In this paper we established models of information dissemination for six typical information media, including short message service (SMS), microblogs, news portals, cell phones, television, and oral communication. Then, the information dissemination capability of each medium concerning individuals of different ages, genders, and residential areas was simulated, and the dissemination characteristics were studied. Finally, radar graphs were used to illustrate comprehensive assessments of the six media; these graphs show directly the information dissemination characteristics of all media. The models and the results are essential for improving the efficiency of information dissemination for the purpose of disaster pre-warning and for formulating emergency plans which help to reduce the possibility of injuries, deaths and other losses in a disaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Institute of Public Safety Research, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Institute of Public Safety Research, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Boni Su
- Institute of Public Safety Research, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlong Zhao
- Institute of Public Safety Research, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Institute of Public Safety Research, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Hutson AM, Liu Z, Kucuktas H, Umali-Maceina G, Su B, Dunham RA. Quantitative trait loci map for growth and morphometric traits using a channel catfish × blue catfish interspecific hybrid system1. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:1850-65. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-7191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Hutson
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849
| | - Z. Liu
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849
| | - H. Kucuktas
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849
| | - G. Umali-Maceina
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849
| | - B. Su
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849
| | - R. A. Dunham
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849
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