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Weihrauch D, Keszler A, Broeckel G, Aranda E, Lindemer B, Lohr NL. Red light mediates the exocytosis of vasodilatory vesicles from cultured endothelial cells: a cellular, and ex vivo murine model. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:355-364. [PMID: 38277065 PMCID: PMC10917865 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00522-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
We have previously established that 670 nm energy induces relaxation of blood vessels via an endothelium derived S-nitrosothiol (RSNO) suggested to be embedded in vesicles. Here, we confirm that red light facilitates the exocytosis of this vasodilator from cultured endothelial cells and increases ex vivo blood vessel diameter. Ex vivo pressurized and pre-constricted facial arteries from C57Bl6/J mice relaxed 14.7% of maximum diameter when immersed in the medium removed from red-light exposed Bovine Aortic Endothelial Cells. In parallel experiments, 0.49 nM RSNO equivalent species was measured in the medium over the irradiated cells vs dark control. Electron microscopy of light exposed endothelium revealed significant increases in the size of the Multi Vesicular Body (MVB), a regulator of exosome trafficking, while RSNO accumulated in the MVBs as detected with immunogold labeling electron microscopy (1.8-fold of control). Moreover, red light enhanced the presence of F-actin related stress fibers (necessary for exocytosis), and the endothelial specific marker VE-cadherin levels suggesting an endothelial origin of the extracellular vesicles. Flow cytometry coupled with DAF staining, an indirect sensor of nitric oxide (NO), indicated significant amounts of NO within the extracellular vesicles (1.4-fold increase relative to dark control). Therefore, we further define the mechanism on the 670 nm light mediated traffic of endothelial vasodilatory vesicles and plan to leverage this insight into the delivery of red-light therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Weihrauch
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Agnes Keszler
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Grant Broeckel
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Eva Aranda
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Brian Lindemer
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Nicole L Lohr
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Clement J Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
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SenthilKumar G, Katunaric B, Zirgibel Z, Lindemer B, Jaramillo-Torres MJ, Bordas-Murphy H, Schulz ME, Pearson PJ, Freed JK. Necessary Role of Ceramides in the Human Microvascular Endothelium During Health and Disease. Circ Res 2024; 134:81-96. [PMID: 38037825 PMCID: PMC10766100 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated plasma ceramides and microvascular dysfunction both independently predict adverse cardiac events. Despite the known detrimental effects of ceramide on the microvasculature, evidence suggests that activation of the shear-sensitive, ceramide-forming enzyme NSmase (neutral sphingomyelinase) elicits formation of vasoprotective nitric oxide (NO). Here, we explore a novel hypothesis that acute ceramide formation through NSmase is necessary for maintaining NO signaling within the human microvascular endothelium. We further define the mechanism through which ceramide exerts beneficial effects and discern key mechanistic differences between arterioles from otherwise healthy adults (non-coronary artery disease [CAD]) and patients diagnosed with CAD. METHODS Human arterioles were dissected from discarded surgical adipose tissue (n=166), and vascular reactivity to flow and C2-ceramide was assessed. Shear-induced NO and mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production were measured in arterioles using fluorescence microscopy. H2O2 fluorescence was assessed in isolated human umbilical vein endothelial cells. RESULTS Inhibition of NSmase in arterioles from otherwise healthy adults induced a switch from NO to NOX-2 (NADPH-oxidase 2)-dependent H2O2-mediated flow-induced dilation. Endothelial dysfunction was prevented by treatment with sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and partially prevented by C2-ceramide and an agonist of S1P-receptor 1 (S1PR1); the inhibition of the S1P/S1PR1 signaling axis induced endothelial dysfunction via NOX-2. Ceramide increased NO production in arterioles from non-CAD adults, an effect that was diminished with inhibition of S1P/S1PR1/S1P-receptor 3 signaling. In arterioles from patients with CAD, inhibition of NSmase impaired the overall ability to induce mitochondrial H2O2 production and subsequently dilate to flow, an effect not restored with exogenous S1P. Acute ceramide administration to arterioles from patients with CAD promoted H2O2 as opposed to NO production, an effect dependent on S1P-receptor 3 signaling. CONCLUSION These data suggest that despite differential downstream signaling between health and disease, NSmase-mediated ceramide formation is necessary for proper functioning of the human microvascular endothelium. Therapeutic strategies that aim to significantly lower ceramide formation may prove detrimental to the microvasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopika SenthilKumar
- Department of Physiology (G.S., J.K.F.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Cardiovascular Center (G.S., Z.Z., B.L., M.J.J.-T., H.B.-M., M.E.S., J.K.F.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Department of Anesthesiology (G.S., B.K., Z.Z., B.L., M.J.J.-T., H.B.-M., M.E.S., J.K.F.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Boran Katunaric
- Department of Anesthesiology (G.S., B.K., Z.Z., B.L., M.J.J.-T., H.B.-M., M.E.S., J.K.F.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Zachary Zirgibel
- Cardiovascular Center (G.S., Z.Z., B.L., M.J.J.-T., H.B.-M., M.E.S., J.K.F.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Department of Anesthesiology (G.S., B.K., Z.Z., B.L., M.J.J.-T., H.B.-M., M.E.S., J.K.F.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Brian Lindemer
- Cardiovascular Center (G.S., Z.Z., B.L., M.J.J.-T., H.B.-M., M.E.S., J.K.F.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Department of Anesthesiology (G.S., B.K., Z.Z., B.L., M.J.J.-T., H.B.-M., M.E.S., J.K.F.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Maria J. Jaramillo-Torres
- Cardiovascular Center (G.S., Z.Z., B.L., M.J.J.-T., H.B.-M., M.E.S., J.K.F.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Department of Anesthesiology (G.S., B.K., Z.Z., B.L., M.J.J.-T., H.B.-M., M.E.S., J.K.F.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Henry Bordas-Murphy
- Cardiovascular Center (G.S., Z.Z., B.L., M.J.J.-T., H.B.-M., M.E.S., J.K.F.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Department of Anesthesiology (G.S., B.K., Z.Z., B.L., M.J.J.-T., H.B.-M., M.E.S., J.K.F.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Mary E. Schulz
- Cardiovascular Center (G.S., Z.Z., B.L., M.J.J.-T., H.B.-M., M.E.S., J.K.F.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Department of Anesthesiology (G.S., B.K., Z.Z., B.L., M.J.J.-T., H.B.-M., M.E.S., J.K.F.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Paul J. Pearson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery (P.J.P.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Julie K. Freed
- Department of Physiology (G.S., J.K.F.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Cardiovascular Center (G.S., Z.Z., B.L., M.J.J.-T., H.B.-M., M.E.S., J.K.F.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Department of Anesthesiology (G.S., B.K., Z.Z., B.L., M.J.J.-T., H.B.-M., M.E.S., J.K.F.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
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SenthilKumar G, Katunaric B, Zirgibel Z, Lindemer B, Jaramillo-Torres MJ, Bordas-Murphy H, Schulz ME, Pearson PJ, Freed JK. Necessary Role of Acute Ceramide Formation in The Human Microvascular Endothelium During Health and Disease. bioRxiv 2023:2023.06.02.543341. [PMID: 37333082 PMCID: PMC10274701 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.02.543341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Background Elevated plasma ceramides independently predict adverse cardiac events and we have previously shown that exposure to exogenous ceramide induces microvascular endothelial dysfunction in arterioles from otherwise healthy adults (0-1 risk factors for heart disease). However, evidence also suggests that activation of the shear-sensitive, ceramide forming enzyme neutral sphingomyelinase (NSmase) enhances vasoprotective nitric oxide (NO) production. Here we explore a novel hypothesis that acute ceramide formation through NSmase is necessary for maintaining NO signaling within the human microvascular endothelium. We further define the mechanism through which ceramide exerts beneficial effects and discern key mechanistic differences between arterioles from otherwise healthy adults and patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods Human arterioles were dissected from otherwise discarded surgical adipose tissue (n=123), and vascular reactivity to flow and C2-ceramide was assessed. Shear-induced NO production was measured in arterioles using fluorescence microscopy. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) fluorescence was assessed in isolated human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Results Inhibition of NSmase in arterioles from otherwise healthy adults induced a switch from NO to H2O2-mediated flow-induced dilation within 30 minutes. In endothelial cells, NSmase inhibition acutely increased H2O2 production. Endothelial dysfunction in both models was prevented by treatment with C2-ceramide, S1P, and an agonist of S1P-receptor 1 (S1PR1), while the inhibition of S1P/S1PR1 signaling axis induced endothelial dysfunction. Ceramide increased NO production in arterioles from healthy adults, an effect that was diminished with inhibition of S1P/S1PR1/S1PR3 signaling. In arterioles from patients with CAD, inhibition of NSmase impaired dilation to flow. This effect was not restored with exogenous S1P. Although, inhibition of S1P/S1PR3 signaling impaired normal dilation to flow. Acute ceramide administration to arterioles from patients with CAD also promoted H2O2 as opposed to NO production, an effect dependent on S1PR3 signaling. Conclusion These data suggest that despite key differences in downstream signaling between health and disease, acute NSmase-mediated ceramide formation and its subsequent conversion to S1P is necessary for proper functioning of the human microvascular endothelium. As such, therapeutic strategies that aim to significantly lower ceramide formation may prove detrimental to the microvasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopika SenthilKumar
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin
- Cardiovasular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | | | - Zachary Zirgibel
- Cardiovasular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | - Brian Lindemer
- Cardiovasular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | - Maria J. Jaramillo-Torres
- Cardiovasular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | - Henry Bordas-Murphy
- Cardiovasular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | - Mary E. Schulz
- Cardiovasular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | - Paul J. Pearson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | - Julie K. Freed
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin
- Cardiovasular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin
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Keszler A, Lindemer B, Broeckel G, Weihrauch D, Gao Y, Lohr NL. In Vivo Characterization of a Red Light-Activated Vasodilation: A Photobiomodulation Study. Front Physiol 2022; 13:880158. [PMID: 35586710 PMCID: PMC9108481 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.880158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide dependent vasodilation is an effective mechanism for restoring blood flow to ischemic tissues. Previously, we established an ex vivo murine model whereby red light (670 nm) facilitates vasodilation via an endothelium derived vasoactive species which contains a functional group that can be reduced to nitric oxide. In the present study we investigated this vasodilator in vivo by measuring blood flow with Laser Doppler Perfusion imaging in mice. The vasodilatory nitric oxide precursor was analyzed in plasma and muscle with triiodide-dependent chemiluminescence. First, a 5–10 min irradiation of a 3 cm2 area in the hind limb at 670 nm (50 mW/cm2) produced optimal vasodilation. The nitric oxide precursor in the irradiated quadriceps tissue decreased significantly from 123 ± 18 pmol/g tissue by both intensity and duration of light treatment to an average of 90 ± 17 pmol/g tissue, while stayed steady (137 ± 21 pmol/g tissue) in unexposed control hindlimb. Second, the blood flow remained elevated 30 min after termination of the light exposure. The nitric oxide precursor content significantly increased by 50% by irradiation then depleted in plasma, while remained stable in the hindlimb muscle. Third, to mimic human peripheral artery disease, an ameroid constrictor was inserted on the proximal femoral artery of mice and caused a significant reduction of flow. Repeated light treatment for 14 days achieved steady and significant increase of perfusion in the constricted limb. Our results strongly support 670 nm light can regulate dilation of conduit vessel by releasing a vasoactive nitric oxide precursor species and may offer a simple home-based therapy in the future to individuals with impaired blood flow in the leg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Keszler
- Departments of Medicine- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Brian Lindemer
- Departments of Medicine- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Grant Broeckel
- Departments of Medicine- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Dorothee Weihrauch
- Departments of Medicine- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Departments of Plastic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Yan Gao
- Institute for Health and Equity- Division of Biostatistics, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Nicole L. Lohr
- Departments of Medicine- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Clement J Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- *Correspondence: Nicole L. Lohr,
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Gebremendhin D, Lindemer B, Weihrauch D, Harder DR, Lohr NL. Electromagnetic energy (670 nm) stimulates vasodilation through activation of the large conductance potassium channel (BKCa). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257896. [PMID: 34610026 PMCID: PMC8491904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a highly morbid condition in which impaired blood flow to the limbs leads to pain and tissue loss. Previously we identified 670 nm electromagnetic energy (R/NIR) to increase nitric oxide levels in cells and tissue. NO elicits relaxation of smooth muscle (SMC) by stimulating potassium efflux and membrane hyperpolarization. The actions of energy on ion channel activity have yet to be explored. Here we hypothesized R/NIR stimulates vasodilation through activation of potassium channels in SMC. METHODS Femoral arteries or facial arteries from C57Bl/6 and Slo1-/- mice were isolated, pressurized to 60 mmHg, pre-constricted with U46619, and irradiated twice with energy R/NIR (10 mW/cm2 for 5 min) with a 10 min dark period between irradiations. Single-channel K+ currents were recorded at room temperature from cell-attached and excised inside-out membrane patches of freshly isolated mouse femoral arterial muscle cells using the patch-clamp technique. RESULTS R/NIR stimulated vasodilation requires functional activation of the large conductance potassium channels. There is a voltage dependent outward current in SMC with light stimulation, which is due to increases in the open state probability of channel opening. R/NIR modulation of channel opening is eliminated pharmacologically (paxilline) and genetically (BKca α subunit knockout). There is no direct action of light to modulate channel activity as excised patches did not increase the open state probability of channel opening. CONCLUSION R/NIR vasodilation requires indirect activation of the BKca channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debebe Gebremendhin
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - Brian Lindemer
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
- Clement J Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - Dorothee Weihrauch
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - David R. Harder
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
- Clement J Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - Nicole L. Lohr
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
- Clement J Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Griffin J, Lindemer B, Krolikowski JG, Lohr NL, Weihrauch D. Abstract P136: First Steps In Uncovering Mechanisms In Late Onset Preeclampsia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.41.suppl_1.p136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide, complicating 2-8% of pregnancies. The etiology of PE is poorly understood, the role of placental extracellular matrix (pECM) in PE is understudied. Extravillous trophoblasts (HTR8/svneo) and pECM are crucial in placental blood vessel formation, including spiral arteries. The objective is to identify changes in signaling mechanisms in late onset PE and how HTR8/svneo respond. Additionally, we explored a novel therapeutic to restore HTR8/svneo phenotype by phototherapy using a 670nm LED light. Western blot analysis shows eNOS, phospho-eNOS and Hsp90 expressions are unchanged in late onset PE placental samples despite previous reports in early onset of PE. The association of Hsp90 to eNOS and eNOS to phospho-eNOS is reduced in the PE sample. Soluble Flt, a diagnostic marker for PE, levels are increased in media from HTR8/svneo trophoblasts cultured on PE pECM. Endothelial function is significantly reduced in an isolated vessel as determined by acetylcholine stimulation. 670nm light reverses this impairment. Migration of HTR8/SVneo on PE pECM is reduced (control 86.29±18.58, PE 30.16±15.49) but proliferation of HTR8/SVneo on PE pECM is unaffected in patients (control: 59.125±6262.9, PE:67.125±7706.5). Proliferation and migration are improved by 670nm light (proliferation control 101.375±2075.4; PE 106.875±4870.7, migration control 125±11.97, PE 144.84±16.01). An increase of apoptotic HTR8/SVneo cultured on PE pECM is observed compared to healthy pECM in patients control 2.4±0.24, PE 3±0.4 samples. 670nm light treatment decreases the number of apoptotic cells, control 1.2 ±0.58, PE 1.4±0.5.
Conclusion:
In late onset preeclampsia, endothelial function is decreased, sFlt release is increased, the eNOS/Hsp90/p-eNOS axis is slightly reduced pointing to O
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synthesis. Migration is decreased likely due to impaired trophoblast invasion, but proliferation is unaffected. 670nm light treatment can reverse some of the effects of the preeclamptic microenvironment. Extracellular matrix is altered in late onset PE leading to an abnormal HTR8/SVneo phenotype. 670nm light restores the phenotype of HTR8/SVneo on PE pECM suggesting 670nm light as a therapeutic treatment.
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Weihrauch D, Keszler A, Lindemer B, Krolikowski J, Lohr NL. Red light stimulates vasodilation through extracellular vesicle trafficking. J Photochem Photobiol B 2021; 220:112212. [PMID: 34049180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Red light (670 nm) promotes ex vivo dilation of blood vessels in a nitric oxide (NO) dependent, but eNOS independent manner by secreting a quasi-stable and transferable vasoactive substance with the characteristics of S-nitrosothiols (RSNO) from the endothelium. In the present work we establish that 670 nm light mediated vasodilation occurs in vivo and is physiologically stable. Light exposure depletes intracellular S-nitroso protein while concomitantly increasing extracellular RNSO, suggesting vesicular pathways are involved. Furthermore, we demonstrate this RSNO vasodilator is embedded in extracellular vesicles (EV). The action of red light on vesicular trafficking appears to increase expression of endosome associated membrane protein CD63 in bovine aortic endothelial cells, enhance endosome localization in the endothelium, and induce exit of RSNO containing EVs from murine facialis arteries. We suggest a mechanism by which the concerted actions of 670 nm light initiate formation of RSNO containing EVs which exit the endothelium and trigger relaxation of smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agnes Keszler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, USA.
| | - Brian Lindemer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, USA.
| | - John Krolikowski
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, USA.
| | - Nicole L Lohr
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, USA; Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, USA; Clement J Zablocki VA Medical Center, USA.
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weihrauch D, Lindemer B, Krolikowski JG, Keszler A, Lohr N. 670nm light exposure increases the number of exosomes in the vessel bath and the number of endosomes in endothelial cells. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.716.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nicole Lohr
- MedicineMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeAlbania
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Keszler A, Lindemer B, Weihrauch D, Jones D, Hogg N, Lohr NL. Corrigendum to "Red/near infrared light stimulates release of an endothelium dependent vasodilator and rescues vascular dysfunction in a diabetes model" [Free Radic. Biol. Med. 113:157-164]. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 131:443. [PMID: 30581102 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Keszler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, United States
| | - Brian Lindemer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, United States
| | - Dorothee Weihrauch
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, United States
| | - Deron Jones
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, United States
| | - Neil Hogg
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, United States
| | - Nicole L Lohr
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, United States; Department of Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, United States; Clement J Zablocki VA Medical Center, United States.
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Keszler A, Lindemer B, Hogg N, Lohr NL. Ascorbate attenuates red light mediated vasodilation: Potential role of S-nitrosothiols. Redox Biol 2019; 20:13-18. [PMID: 30261342 PMCID: PMC6156744 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is significant therapeutic advantage of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) independent nitric oxide (NO) production in maladies where endothelium, and thereby NOS, is dysfunctional. Electromagnetic radiation in the red and near infrared region has been shown to stimulate NOS-independent but NO-dependent vasodilation, and thereby has significant therapeutic potential. We have recently shown that red light induces acute vasodilatation in the pre-constricted murine facial artery via the release of an endothelium derived substance. In this study we have investigated the mechanism of vasodilatation and conclude that 670 nm light stimulates vasodilator release from an endothelial store, and that this vasodilator has the characteristics of an S-nitrosothiol (RSNO). This study shows that 670 nm irradiation can be used as a targeted and non-invasive means to release biologically relevant amounts of vasodilator from endothelial stores. This raises the possibility that these stores can be pharmacologically built-up in pathological situations to improve the efficacy of red light treatment. This strategy may overcome eNOS dysfunction in peripheral vascular pathologies for the improvement of vascular health.
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Key Words
- enos, endothelial nitric oxide synthase
- rsno, s-nitrosothiols
- r/nir, red and near infrared light
- gsno, s-nitrosoglutathione
- dnic, dinitrosyl iron complex
- gsh-dnic, glutathione dinitrosyl iron complexes
- proli/no, 1-(hydroxy-nno-azoxy)-l-proline
- cl, ozone-chemiluminescence signal
- dha, dehydroascorbate
- dtpa, diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid
- nem, n-ethylmaleimide
- se, standard error
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Keszler
- Department of Medicine-Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Brian Lindemer
- Department of Medicine-Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Neil Hogg
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Redox Biology Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Nicole L Lohr
- Department of Medicine-Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Clement J Zablocki VA Medical Center, 5000 W National Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53295, USA.
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Keszler A, Lindemer B, Hogg N, Weihrauch D, Lohr NL. Wavelength-dependence of vasodilation and NO release from S-nitrosothiols and dinitrosyl iron complexes by far red/near infrared light. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 649:47-52. [PMID: 29752896 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Far red/near infrared (R/NIR) energy is a novel therapy, but its mechanism of action is poorly characterized. Cytochrome c oxidase (Cco) of the mitochondrial electron transport chain is considered the primary photoacceptor for R/NIR to photolyze a putative heme nitrosyl in Cco to liberate free nitric oxide (NO). We previously observed R/NIR light directly liberates NO from nitrosylated hemoglobin and myoglobin, and recently suggested S-nitrosothiols (RSNO) and dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNIC) may be primary sources of R/NIR-mediated NO. Here we indicate R/NIR light exposure induces wavelength dependent dilation of murine facial artery, with longer wavelengths (740, and 830 nm) exhibiting reduced potency when compared to 670 nm. R/NIR also stimulated NO release from pure solutions of low molecular weight RSNO (GSNO and SNAP) and glutathione dinitrosyl iron complex (GSH-DNIC) in a power- and wavelength-dependent manner, with the greatest effect at 670 nm. NO release from SNAP using 670 was nearly ten-fold more than GSNO or GSH-DNIC, with no substantial difference in NO production at 740 nm and 830 nm. Thermal effects of irradiation on vasodilation or NO release from S-nitrosothiols and DNIC was minimal. Our results suggest 670 nm is the optimal wavelength for R/NIR treatment of certain vascular-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Keszler
- Department of Medicine- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, United States.
| | - Brian Lindemer
- Department of Medicine- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, United States.
| | - Neil Hogg
- Department of Biophysics, United States; Department of Redox Biology Program, United States.
| | | | - Nicole L Lohr
- Department of Medicine- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, United States; Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, United States; Clement J Zablocki VA Medical Center, United States.
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Brener A, Lewnard I, Lindemer B, Griffin J, Keszler A, Weihrauch D, Lohr N. SPIRAL ARTERY VASODILATION IS IMPAIRED IN PREECLAMPSIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR NITRIC OXIDE AND RED LIGHT THERAPY. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(18)32587-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Keszler A, Lindemer B, Weihrauch D, Jones D, Hogg N, Lohr NL. Red/near infrared light stimulates release of an endothelium dependent vasodilator and rescues vascular dysfunction in a diabetes model. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 113:157-164. [PMID: 28935419 PMCID: PMC5699925 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a morbid condition whereby ischemic peripheral muscle causes pain and tissue breakdown. Interestingly, PAD risk factors, e.g. diabetes mellitus, cause endothelial dysfunction secondary to decreased nitric oxide (NO) levels, which could explain treatment failures. Previously, we demonstrated 670nm light (R/NIR) increased NO from nitrosyl-heme stores, therefore we hypothesized R/NIR can stimulate vasodilation in healthy and diabetic blood vessels. Vasodilation was tested by ex vivo pressure myography in wild type C57Bl/6, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) knockout, and db/db mice (10mW/cm2 for 5min with 10min dark period). NOS inhibition with N-Nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or the NO scavenger Carboxy-PTIO (c-PTIO) tested the specificity of NO production. 4,5-Diaminofluorescein diacetate (DAF-2) measured NO in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC-d). R/NIR significantly increased vasodilation in wild type and NOS inhibited groups, however R/NIR dilation was totally abolished with c-PTIO and blood vessel denudation. Interestingly, the bath solution from intact R/NIR stimulated vessels could dilate light naïve vessels in a NO dependent manner. Characterization of the bath identified a NO generating substance suggestive of S-nitrosothiols or non heme iron nitrosyl complexes. Consistent with the finding of an endothelial source of NO, intracellular NO increased with R/NIR in HMVEC-d treated with and without L-NAME (1mM), yet c-PTIO (100µm) reduced NO production. R/NIR significantly dilated db/db blood vessels. In conclusion, R/NIR stimulates vasodilation by release of NO bound substances from the endothelium. In a diabetes model of endothelial dysfunction, R/NIR restores vasodilation, which lends the potential for new treatments for diabetic vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Keszler
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, United States; Departments of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, United States
| | - Brian Lindemer
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, United States
| | - Dorothee Weihrauch
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, United States
| | - Deron Jones
- Departments of Pediatric Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, United States
| | - Neil Hogg
- Departments of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, United States
| | - Nicole L Lohr
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, United States; Departments of Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, United States; Departments of Clement J Zablocki VA Medical Center, United States.
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Lohr N, Lindemer B, Gebremendhin D, Harder D. Red light mediated vasodilation (698.12). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.698.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Lohr
- Medicine Medical College of WisconsinMIlwaukeeWIUnited States
| | - Brian Lindemer
- Medicine Medical College of WisconsinMIlwaukeeWIUnited States
| | | | - David Harder
- Medicine Medical College of WisconsinMIlwaukeeWIUnited States
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Lohr N, Lindemer B, Harder D, Gebremendhin D. Far red/near infrared light induces vasodilation and an increase in activity of large conductance potassium channel currents in murine femoral arterial muscle (677.13). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.677.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Lohr
- Medicine Medical College of WisconsinMIlwaukeeWIUnited States
| | - Brian Lindemer
- Medicine Medical College of WisconsinMIlwaukeeWIUnited States
| | - David Harder
- Medicine Medical College of WisconsinMIlwaukeeWIUnited States
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Bongard R, Krenz G, Lindemer B, Merker M. NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) activity threshold in intact pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAEC). FASEB J 2009. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.1024.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gary Krenz
- MathematicsMarquette UniversityMilwaukeeWI
| | | | - Marilyn Merker
- AnesthesiologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI
- Zablocki VAMCMilwaukeeWI
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Bongard R, Lindemer B, Merker M. Intracellular redox status and NAD(P)H:Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) activity in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAEC). FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.1131.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Bongard
- Pulmonary MedicineMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI
| | | | - Marilyn Merker
- AnesthesiologyMedical College of WisconsinMiwaukeeWI
- Zablocki VAMCMilwaukeeWI
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