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Song XP, Hansen MC, Potapov P, Adusei B, Pickering J, Adami M, Lima A, Zalles V, Stehman SV, Di Bella CM, Conde MC, Copati EJ, Fernandes LB, Hernandez-Serna A, Jantz SM, Pickens AH, Turubanova S, Tyukavina A. Massive soybean expansion in South America since 2000 and implications for conservation. Nat Sustain 2021; 2021:10.1038/s41893-021-00729-z. [PMID: 34377840 PMCID: PMC8350977 DOI: 10.1038/s41893-021-00729-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A prominent goal of policies mitigating climate change and biodiversity loss is to achieve zero-deforestation in the global supply chain of key commodities, such as palm oil and soybean. However, the extent and dynamics of deforestation driven by commodity expansion are largely unknown. Here we mapped annual soybean expansion in South America between 2000 and 2019 by combining satellite observations and sample field data. From 2000-2019, the area cultivated with soybean more than doubled from 26.4 Mha to 55.1 Mha. Most soybean expansion occurred on pastures originally converted from natural vegetation for cattle production. The most rapid expansion occurred in the Brazilian Amazon, where soybean area increased more than 10-fold, from 0.4 Mha to 4.6 Mha. Across the continent, 9% of forest loss was converted to soybean by 2016. Soy-driven deforestation was concentrated at the active frontiers, nearly half located in the Brazilian Cerrado. Efforts to limit future deforestation must consider how soybean expansion may drive deforestation indirectly by displacing pasture or other land uses. Holistic approaches that track land use across all commodities coupled with vegetation monitoring are required to maintain critical ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Peng Song
- Department of Geosciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Matthew C. Hansen
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Peter Potapov
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Bernard Adusei
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey Pickering
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Marcos Adami
- Amazon Spatial Coordination, INPE, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Andre Lima
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Viviana Zalles
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Stephen V. Stehman
- College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Carlos M. Di Bella
- SIG, Cartografía y Teledetección, Departamento de Métodos Cuantitativos y Sistemas de Información, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria C. Conde
- SIG, Cartografía y Teledetección, Departamento de Métodos Cuantitativos y Sistemas de Información, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Lucas B. Fernandes
- Gerencia de Geotecnologias, Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | - Samuel M. Jantz
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Amy H. Pickens
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Svetlana Turubanova
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Alexandra Tyukavina
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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Yebra M, Scortechini G, Badi A, Beget ME, Boer MM, Bradstock R, Chuvieco E, Danson FM, Dennison P, Resco de Dios V, Di Bella CM, Forsyth G, Frost P, Garcia M, Hamdi A, He B, Jolly M, Kraaij T, Martín MP, Mouillot F, Newnham G, Nolan RH, Pellizzaro G, Qi Y, Quan X, Riaño D, Roberts D, Sow M, Ustin S. Globe-LFMC, a global plant water status database for vegetation ecophysiology and wildfire applications. Sci Data 2019; 6:155. [PMID: 31434899 PMCID: PMC6704185 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-019-0164-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Globe-LFMC is an extensive global database of live fuel moisture content (LFMC) measured from 1,383 sampling sites in 11 countries: Argentina, Australia, China, France, Italy, Senegal, Spain, South Africa, Tunisia, United Kingdom and the United States of America. The database contains 161,717 individual records based on in situ destructive samples used to measure LFMC, representing the amount of water in plant leaves per unit of dry matter. The primary goal of the database is to calibrate and validate remote sensing algorithms used to predict LFMC. However, this database is also relevant for the calibration and validation of dynamic global vegetation models, eco-physiological models of plant water stress as well as understanding the physiological drivers of spatiotemporal variation in LFMC at local, regional and global scales. Globe-LFMC should be useful for studying LFMC trends in response to environmental change and LFMC influence on wildfire occurrence, wildfire behavior, and overall vegetation health. Design Type(s) | database creation objective • cross validation objective • physiological process monitoring objective | Measurement Type(s) | moisture content trait | Technology Type(s) | digital curation | Factor Type(s) | geographic location • environmental feature | Sample Characteristic(s) | Earth (Planet) • United States of America • French Republic |
Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data (ISA-Tab format)
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Yebra
- Fenner School of Environment & Society, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia. .,Bushfire & Natural Hazards Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Gianluca Scortechini
- Fenner School of Environment & Society, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Abdulbaset Badi
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | | | - Matthias M Boer
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Emilio Chuvieco
- Department of Geology, Geography and the Environment, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Mark Danson
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Philip Dennison
- Department of Geography, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | | | - Carlos M Di Bella
- Instituto de Clima y Agua, INTA. Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Mariano Garcia
- Department of Geology, Geography and the Environment, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Abdelaziz Hamdi
- Laboratoire des Ressources Sylvo-Pastorales, Institut Sylvo Pastoral de Tabarka, 8110, Jendouba, Tunisia
| | - Binbin He
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, China
| | - Matt Jolly
- Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory, USFS, Montana, USA
| | - Tineke Kraaij
- Nelson Mandela University, School of Natural Resource Management, George, South Africa
| | - M Pilar Martín
- Environmental Remote Sensing and Spectroscopy Laboratory (SpecLab), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Florent Mouillot
- UMR CEFE, CNRS, université de Montpellier, Université Paul Valery Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | | | - Rachael H Nolan
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Grazia Pellizzaro
- Istituto di Biometeorologia (Sassari) Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-IBIMET), Sassari, Italy
| | - Yi Qi
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Xingwen Quan
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, China
| | - David Riaño
- Environmental Remote Sensing and Spectroscopy Laboratory (SpecLab), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Center for Spatial Technologies and Remote Sensing, UC-Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Dar Roberts
- Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
| | - Momadou Sow
- Institut des Sciences de l'Environnement (ISE), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Susan Ustin
- Center for Spatial Technologies and Remote Sensing, UC-Davis, Davis, USA
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Nosetto MD, Jobbágy EG, Tóth T, Di Bella CM. The effects of tree establishment on water and salt dynamics in naturally salt-affected grasslands. Oecologia 2007; 152:695-705. [PMID: 17356808 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-007-0694-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2006] [Accepted: 12/30/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Plants, by influencing water fluxes across the ecosystem-vadose zone-aquifer continuum, can leave an imprint on salt accumulation and distribution patterns. We explored how the conversion of native grasslands to oak plantations affected the abundance and distribution of salts on soils and groundwater through changes in the water balance in naturally salt-affected landscapes of Hortobagy (Hungary), a region where artificial drainage performed approximately 150 years ago lowered the water table (from -2 to -5 m) decoupling it from the surface ecosystem. Paired soil sampling and detailed soil conductivity transects revealed consistently different salt distribution patterns between grasslands and plantations, with shallow salinity losses and deep salinity gains accompanying tree establishment. Salts accumulated in the upper soil layers during pre-drainage times have remained in drained grasslands but have been flushed away under tree plantations (65 and 83% loss of chloride and sodium, respectively, in the 0 to -0.5 m depth range) as a result of a five- to 25-fold increase in infiltration rates detected under plantations. At greater depth, closer to the current water table level, the salt balance was reversed, with tree plantations gaining 2.5 kg sodium chloride m(-2) down to 6 m depth, resulting from groundwater uptake and salt exclusion by tree roots in the capillary fringe. Diurnal water table fluctuations, detected in a plantation stand but not in the neighbouring grasslands, together with salt mass balances suggest that trees consumed approximately 380 mm groundwater per year, re-establishing the discharge regime and leading to higher salt accumulation rates than those interrupted by regional drainage practices more than a century ago. The strong influences of vegetation changes on water dynamics can have cascading consequences on salt accumulation and distribution, and a broad ecohydrological perspective that explicitly considers vegetation-groundwater links is needed to anticipate and manage them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo D Nosetto
- Grupo de Estudios Ambientales, IMASL, Universidad Nacional de San Luis and CONICET, Avenida Ejercito de los Andes 950 (5700), San Luis, Argentina.
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