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Apollaro C, Fuoco I, Gennaro E, Giuliani L, Iezzi G, Marini L, Radica F, Di Luccio F, Ventura G, Vespasiano G. Advanced argillic alteration at Cave di Caolino, Lipari, Aeolian Islands (Italy): Implications for the mitigation of volcanic risks and the exploitation of geothermal resources. Sci Total Environ 2023; 889:164333. [PMID: 37209741 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Four sites in the western sector of Lipari Island with still active hydrothermal activity are here considered. The petrography (mesoscopic observations and XRPD) and geochemistry (major, minor and trace elements chemistry) of ten representative and extremely altered volcanic rocks were characterized. Two types of parageneses of altered rocks are discriminable, one rich in silicate phases (opal/cristobalite, montmorillonite, kaolinite, alunite and hematite) and one in sulphates (gypsum, plus minor amounts of anhydrite or bassanite). The altered silicate-rich rocks are rich in SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3 and H2O, and depleted in CaO, MgO, K2O and Na2O, while the sulphate-rich ones are extremely enriched in CaO and SO4 in comparison with local unaltered volcanic rocks. The content of many incompatible elements is similar in altered silicate-rich rocks and lower in sulphate-rich ones with respect to the pristine volcanic rocks; conversely, almost all REEs are markedly enriched in silicate-rich rocks and heavy REEs are enriched in sulphate-rich altered rocks compared to unaltered volcanic rocks. Reaction path modelling of basaltic andesite dissolution in local steam condensate predicts the production of amorphous-silica, anhydrite, goethite, and kaolinite (or smectites and saponites) as stable secondary minerals and alunite, jarosite, and jurbanite as ephemeral minerals. Considering possible post-depositional reactions and admitting that the presence of two distinct parageneses is apparent, since gypsum is prone to form large crystals, it can be concluded that there is an excellent agreement between the alteration minerals occurring in nature and those predicted by geochemical modelling. Consequently, the modelled process is the main responsible for the production of the advanced argillic alteration assemblage of "Cave di Caolino" on Lipari Island. Since rock alteration is sustained by the H2SO4 solution produced by hydrothermal steam condensation, there is no need to invoke the involvement of SO2-HCl-HF-bearing magmatic fluids, in line with the absence of fluoride minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Apollaro
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra, Università della Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, I-87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Ilaria Fuoco
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra, Università della Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, I-87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Gennaro
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria & Geologia (InGeO), Università G. D'Annunzio di Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Letizia Giuliani
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria & Geologia (InGeO), Università G. D'Annunzio di Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Gianluca Iezzi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria & Geologia (InGeO), Università G. D'Annunzio di Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata 605, 00143 Roma, Italy
| | - Luigi Marini
- STEAM srl, Via Ponte a Piglieri 8, I-56121 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Radica
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria & Geologia (InGeO), Università G. D'Annunzio di Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Luccio
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata 605, 00143 Roma, Italy
| | - Guido Ventura
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata 605, 00143 Roma, Italy; Istituto per lo studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino, 91021 Torretta Granitola (TP), Italy
| | - Giovanni Vespasiano
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra, Università della Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, I-87036 Rende, Italy
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Vespasiano G, Cianflone G, Marini L, De Rosa R, Polemio M, Walraevens K, Vaselli O, Pizzino L, Cinti D, Capecchiacci F, Barca D, Dominici R, Apollaro C. Hydrogeochemical and isotopic characterization of the Gioia Tauro coastal Plain (Calabria - southern Italy): A multidisciplinary approach for a focused management of vulnerable strategic systems. Sci Total Environ 2023; 862:160694. [PMID: 36481154 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This work pursues the hydro-geochemical and isotopic characterization of the complex groundwater system of the Gioia Tauro Plain, one of the most important industrialized and agricultural coastal areas of southern Italy. The anthropic pressure exposes the water resources at risk of depletion and quality degradation making the plain groundwater a system of high scientific and social interest. The plain is characterized by a shallow aquifer, mostly recharged by local rains and a deep aquifer apparently less influenced by local precipitation. Both aquifers are mainly Ca-HCO3 waters except for localized sectors where Na-HCO3, Na-Cl and Ca-SO4 waters are present. In deep aquifer, both prolonged interaction with sedimentary rocks, mainly deriving from the erosion of crystalline rocks, and direct cation exchange represent the primary factors controlling the formation of Na-HCO3 waters. Mixing processes between these waters and either connate brine and/or deep thermal waters contribute to the formation of isolated high salinity Na-Cl-rich waters. In shallow aquifer, inputs of N-rich sewage and agriculture-related contaminants, and SOx emissions in proximity of the harbor are responsible of the increasing nitrate and sulphate concentrations, respectively. The Cl/Br and NO3/Cl ratios highlight contamination mainly linked to agricultural activities and contribution of wastewater. Along the northern boundary, the warmest groundwater (Na-Cl[SO4]) were found close to a bend of the main strike-slip fault system, locally favouring the rising of B- and Li-rich deep waters, testifying the influence of geological-structural features on deep water circulation. Despite the high-water demand, a direct marine intrusion is localized in a very restricted area, where we observed an incipient groundwater-seawater mixing (seawater contribution ≤7 %). The qualitative and quantitative conditions of the shallow aquifer still have acceptable levels because of the relatively high recharge inflow. A reliable hydrogeochemical conceptual model, able to explain the compositional variability of the studied waters, is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Vespasiano
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DIBEST), University of Calabria, Via Ponte Bucci 4, Cubo 15B, 87036 Rende, Italy; E3 (Earth, Environment, Engineering) Soc. Coop. and Spin-Off of University of Calabria, Via Ponte Bucci, Cubo 15B, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - G Cianflone
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DIBEST), University of Calabria, Via Ponte Bucci 4, Cubo 15B, 87036 Rende, Italy; E3 (Earth, Environment, Engineering) Soc. Coop. and Spin-Off of University of Calabria, Via Ponte Bucci, Cubo 15B, 87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - L Marini
- Steam Srl, Via Ponte a Piglieri 8, I-56121 Pisa, Italy
| | - R De Rosa
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DIBEST), University of Calabria, Via Ponte Bucci 4, Cubo 15B, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - M Polemio
- CNR-IRPI, National Research Council, Research Institute for Hydrogeological Protection, Via Amendola 122 I, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - K Walraevens
- Laboratory for Applied Geology and Hydrogeology, Department of Geology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - O Vaselli
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy; CNR-IGG Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - L Pizzino
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Roma 1, Via di Vigna Murata 605, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - D Cinti
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Roma 1, Via di Vigna Murata 605, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - F Capecchiacci
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy; CNR-IGG Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Napoli, Osservatorio Vesuviano, Via Diocleziano, 328, 80125 Napoli, NA
| | - D Barca
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DIBEST), University of Calabria, Via Ponte Bucci 4, Cubo 15B, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - R Dominici
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DIBEST), University of Calabria, Via Ponte Bucci 4, Cubo 15B, 87036 Rende, Italy; E3 (Earth, Environment, Engineering) Soc. Coop. and Spin-Off of University of Calabria, Via Ponte Bucci, Cubo 15B, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - C Apollaro
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DIBEST), University of Calabria, Via Ponte Bucci 4, Cubo 15B, 87036 Rende, Italy
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Fuoco I, Marini L, De Rosa R, Figoli A, Gabriele B, Apollaro C. Use of reaction path modelling to investigate the evolution of water chemistry in shallow to deep crystalline aquifers with a special focus on fluoride. Sci Total Environ 2022; 830:154566. [PMID: 35304151 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline aquifers are layered systems in which the hydrogeological path of waters extends from highly weathered, shallow and porous rocks to poorly weathered, deep and fissured rocks. This varying hydrogeological setting influences the water chemistry in different ways. The paper aims to reconstruct the water-rock interaction process in these various environments starting from a solid reactant represented by an average granite rock and several waters from the shallow aquifer. Afterwards, the water-rock interaction processes occurring in the deep environment are reconstructed, varying the geochemical conditions (primary reactants, secondary mineral phases allowed to precipitate, fO2 and fCO2), with a special focus on fluoride (F-). The evolution from the F-poor, Ca-HCO3 facies to the F-rich, Na-HCO3 water type of high pH was simulated using reaction path modelling. The obtained results show that the theoretical evolution trends well reproduce both shallow and deep water samples providing detailed information on the behavior of fluoride and other relevant constituents (i.e., Na, K, Ca, Mg, SiO2). The performed model represents a flexible and powerful tool for environmental research, applicable in other areas hosting F-rich groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Fuoco
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, P. via P. Bucci, cubo 15b, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - L Marini
- Steam Srl, Via Ponte a Piglieri 8, I-56121 Pisa, Italy
| | - R De Rosa
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, P. via P. Bucci, cubo 15b, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - A Figoli
- Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR), via P. Bucci 17c, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - B Gabriele
- LISOC Group, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Calabria, via P. Bucci 12c, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - C Apollaro
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, P. via P. Bucci, cubo 15b, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy.
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Apollaro C, Di Curzio D, Fuoco I, Buccianti A, Dinelli E, Vespasiano G, Castrignanò A, Rusi S, Barca D, Figoli A, Gabriele B, De Rosa R. A multivariate non-parametric approach for estimating probability of exceeding the local natural background level of arsenic in the aquifers of Calabria region (Southern Italy). Sci Total Environ 2022; 806:150345. [PMID: 34563913 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The concept of natural background level (NBL) aims at distinguishing the natural and anthropogenic contributions to concentrations of specific contaminants, as groundwater management and protection tools. This is usually defined as a unique value at a regional scale, even when the hydrogeological and geochemical features of a certain territory are far from homogeneous. The concentration of target contaminants is affected by multiple hydrogeochemical processes. This is the case of arsenic in the Calabria region, where concentrations are definitely variable in groundwater. To overcome the limitation of a traditional approach and to include the intrinsic hydrogeological and geochemical heterogeneity into the definition of the natural contribution to As content in groundwater, an integrated probabilistic approach to the NBL assessment combining aquifer-based preselection criteria and multivariate non-parametric geostatistics was proposed. In detail, different NBL values were selected, based on the aquifer type and/or hydrogeochemical features. Then, these aquifer-based NBL values of arsenic were used in the Probability Kriging method to map the probability of exceedance and to provide contamination risk management tools. This multivariate geostatistical approach that takes advantage of the physico-chemical variables used in the aquifer-based NBL values definition allowed mapping the probability of exceedance of As in a physically-based way. The hydrogeochemical diversity of the study area and all the processes affecting As concentrations in the aquifers have been considered too. As a result, the obtained map was characterized by a short-range and long-range variability due to local hydrogeochemical anomalies and water-rock interaction and/or atmospheric precipitation. By this approach, the NBL exceedance probability maps proved to be less "noisy", because the local hydrogeochemical conditions were filtered, and more capable of pointing out anthropogenic inputs or very anomalous natural contributions, which need to be investigated more in detail and properly managed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Apollaro
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DIBEST), University of Calabria, via P. Bucci 15/B, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - D Di Curzio
- Department of Engineering and Geology (InGeo), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy
| | - I Fuoco
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DIBEST), University of Calabria, via P. Bucci 15/B, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy.
| | - A Buccianti
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence (UniFI), Via G. La Pira 4, I-50121 Florence, Italy; Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources (CNR-IGG), Via G. La Pira 4, I-50121 Florence, Italy
| | - E Dinelli
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato 1, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - G Vespasiano
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DIBEST), University of Calabria, via P. Bucci 15/B, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - A Castrignanò
- Department of Engineering and Geology (InGeo), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy
| | - S Rusi
- Department of Engineering and Geology (InGeo), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy
| | - D Barca
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DIBEST), University of Calabria, via P. Bucci 15/B, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - A Figoli
- Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR), via P. Bucci 17/C, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - B Gabriele
- LISOC Group, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Calabria, via P. Bucci 12/C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - R De Rosa
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DIBEST), University of Calabria, via P. Bucci 15/B, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
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Fuoco I, De Rosa R, Barca D, Figoli A, Gabriele B, Apollaro C. Arsenic polluted waters: Application of geochemical modelling as a tool to understand the release and fate of the pollutant in crystalline aquifers. J Environ Manage 2022; 301:113796. [PMID: 34626951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is one of the most investigated elements worldwide due to its negative impact on the natural system. Its geochemical behavior depends on several geogenic processes, which can cause hazardous enrichment into natural waters, even in remote areas, far from anthropogenic sources. In this work the arsenic pollution issue has been addressed by studying water-rock interaction processes and applying reaction path modelling as a tool to understand the rock-to-water release of As and the fate of this natural pollutant in crystalline aquifers. In-depth geochemical characterization of several water samples discharging from crystalline aquifers was performed. The obtained data were used to fix the boundary conditions and validate the modelling outcomes. The performed modelling allowed to reconstruct the water-rock interaction processes which occur (i) in shallow and relatively shallow crystalline aquifers in which no As anomalies were observed and (ii) in As-rich areas, coupling reaction path modelling of granite dissolution with adsorption of dissolved As onto precipitating crystalline and amorphous Fe(III)-oxyhydroxides given the widespread presence of these phases in the studied environment. The results of the geochemical modelling are in agreement with the analytical data and reproduce them satisfactorily. The performed geochemical modelling is of high environmental significance because it is a flexible and powerful tool that correctly defines the water-rock interaction processes occurring in crystalline aquifers, providing valuable data to improve the knowledge on As behavior, not only in the study area, but also in similar geological settings worldwide. Therefore, the present research has broad future perspectives in the environmental field.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Fuoco
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST) - University of Calabria, P. Bucci street, cubo 15b, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036, Italy
| | - R De Rosa
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST) - University of Calabria, P. Bucci street, cubo 15b, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036, Italy
| | - D Barca
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST) - University of Calabria, P. Bucci street, cubo 15b, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036, Italy
| | - A Figoli
- Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR), P. Bucci street, cubo 17/C, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036, Italy
| | - B Gabriele
- LISOC Group, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Calabria, via P. Bucci 12/C, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, 87036, Italy
| | - C Apollaro
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST) - University of Calabria, P. Bucci street, cubo 15b, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036, Italy.
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Inguaggiato C, Pappaterra S, Peiffer L, Apollaro C, Brusca L, De Rosa R, Rouwet D, Caudron C. Mobility of REE from a hyperacid brine to secondary minerals precipitated in a volcanic hydrothermal system: Kawah Ijen crater lake (Java, Indonesia). Sci Total Environ 2020; 740:140133. [PMID: 32563880 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rare Earth Elements (REE; lanthanides and yttrium) are elements with high economic interest because they are critical elements for modern technologies. This study mainly focuses on the geochemical behavior of REE in hyperacid sulphate brines in volcanic-hydrothermal systems, where the precipitation of sulphate minerals occurs. Kawah Ijen lake, a hyperacid brine hosted in the Ijen caldera (Indonesia), was used as natural laboratory. ∑REE concentration in the lake water is high, ranging from 5.86 to 6.52 mg kg-1. The REE pattern of lake waters normalized to the average local volcanic rock is flat, suggesting isochemical dissolution. Minerals spontaneously precipitated in laboratory at 25 °C from water samples of Kawah Ijen were identified by XRD as gypsum. Microprobe analyses and the chemical composition of major constituents allow to identify possible other minerals precipitated: jarosite, Al-sulphate and Sr, Ba-sulphate. ∑REE concentration in minerals precipitated (mainly gypsum) range from 59.53 to 78.64 mg kg-1. The REE patterns of minerals precipitated normalized to the average local magmatic rock show enrichment in LREE. The REE distribution coefficient (KD), obtained from a ratio of its concentration in the minerals precipitated (mainly gypsum) and the lake water, shows higher values for LREE than HREE. KD-LREE/KD-HREE increases in the studied samples when the concentrations of BaO, MgO, Fe2O3, Al2O3, Na2O and the sum of total oxides (except SO3 and CaO) decrease in the solid phase. The presence of secondary minerals different than gypsum can be the cause of the distribution coefficient variations. High concentrations of REE in Kawah Ijen volcanic lake have to enhance the interest on these environments as possible REE reservoir, stimulating future investigations. The comparison of the KD calculated for REE after mineral precipitation (mainly gypsum) from Kawah Ijen and Poás hyperacid volcanic lakes allow to generalize that the gypsum precipitation removes the LREE from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Inguaggiato
- Departamento de Geología, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Baja California (CICESE), Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana 3918, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
| | - Sabrina Pappaterra
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ecologia e Scienze della terra, Università della Calabria, via Pietro Bucci 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Loic Peiffer
- Departamento de Geología, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Baja California (CICESE), Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana 3918, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Carmine Apollaro
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ecologia e Scienze della terra, Università della Calabria, via Pietro Bucci 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Brusca
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Palermo, Via U. La Malfa, 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosanna De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ecologia e Scienze della terra, Università della Calabria, via Pietro Bucci 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Dmitri Rouwet
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Bologna, Via Donato Creti 12, Bologna, Italy
| | - Corentin Caudron
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, IFSTTAR, ISTerre, 38000 Grenoble, France, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, 24-28 Avenue du Lac d'Annecy, 73370 Le Bourget-du-Lac, France
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Fuoco I, Figoli A, Criscuoli A, Brozzo G, De Rosa R, Gabriele B, Apollaro C. Geochemical modeling of chromium release in natural waters and treatment by RO/NF membrane processes. Chemosphere 2020; 254:126696. [PMID: 32335434 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a geochemical approach was used as strong-scientific tool for pre-selection of suitable remediation systems to treat Cr-contaminated groundwaters. The geochemical characterization allowed to select Nanofiltration (NF) and Reverse Osmosis (RO) as suitable remediation processes, whereas through a new geochemical modeling, the evolution of water chemistry during the water-rock interaction was also studied. The new reaction path modelling was performed re-evaluating the role of Fe as main oxidant in the system and the analytic concentrations of relevant solutes, including Cr(VI), were reproduced. The spring with the highest Cr(VI) content was treated to lower its concentration below the threshold values. A laboratory-scale set-up was used to carry out both NF and RO experiments. The experiments were conducted on different commercial membranes varying the operating pressures. The results showed high Cr(VI) rejections (around 95%) for all tested membranes, leading to Cr(VI) concentrations below the threshold limits. The high flux, obtained already at lower operating pressures, combined with high selectivity towards Cr(VI) makes NF a favorable remediation option.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Fuoco
- DiBEST - University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, cubo 15b, I-87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - A Figoli
- Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR), Via P. Bucci cubo 17c, I-87036, Rende, CS, Italy.
| | - A Criscuoli
- Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR), Via P. Bucci cubo 17c, I-87036, Rende, CS, Italy.
| | - G Brozzo
- ACAM Acque S.p.A., Via Alberto Picco 22, I-19124, La Spezia, Italy
| | - R De Rosa
- DiBEST - University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, cubo 15b, I-87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - B Gabriele
- Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR), Via P. Bucci cubo 17c, I-87036, Rende, CS, Italy; LISOC Group, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Tecnologie University of Calabria, via Ponte Bucci 12c, I-87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - C Apollaro
- DiBEST - University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, cubo 15b, I-87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy.
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Figoli A, Fuoco I, Apollaro C, Chabane M, Mancuso R, Gabriele B, Rosa RD, Vespasiano G, Barca D, Criscuoli A. Arsenic-contaminated groundwaters remediation by nanofiltration. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Apollaro C, Fuoco I, Brozzo G, De Rosa R. Release and fate of Cr(VI) in the ophiolitic aquifers of Italy: the role of Fe(III) as a potential oxidant of Cr(III) supported by reaction path modelling. Sci Total Environ 2019; 660:1459-1471. [PMID: 30743939 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Reaction path modelling of serpentinite dissolution in meteoric water was performed, varying Fe2O3/(FeO + Fe2O3) weight ratios of serpentine and reproducing the analytical concentrations of relevant solutes, including Cr(VI), in the Mg-HCO3 groundwaters hosted in the ophiolitic aquifers of Italy. The occurrence of geogenic Cr(VI) in these groundwaters appears to be potentially controlled by the oxidation of trivalent Cr to the hexavalent redox state, driven by the reduction of trivalent Fe to the divalent redox state. In fact, trivalent Fe is the only oxidant present in suitable amounts in serpentinite rock, and even serpentine contains a high content of trivalent Fe as proven by recent studies. In contrast, the generally accepted hypothesis that geogenic Cr(VI) in waters interacting with serpentinites is driven by the reduction of trivalent and tetravalent Mn is questionable, since serpentinite rock has a low Mn content and it is necessary to invoke adsorption of trivalent Cr ions onto the surface of Mn oxides, which are oxidised as a surface complex to hexavalent Cr. Moreover, Mn oxides are present in the aqueous solution as suspended particles or in rocks as coatings or nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Apollaro
- DiBEST, University of Calabria, P. Bucci street, cubo 15b, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Ilaria Fuoco
- DiBEST, University of Calabria, P. Bucci street, cubo 15b, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | | | - Rosanna De Rosa
- DiBEST, University of Calabria, P. Bucci street, cubo 15b, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
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Vardè M, Servidio A, Vespasiano G, Pasti L, Cavazzini A, Di Traglia M, Rosselli A, Cofone F, Apollaro C, Cairns WRL, Scalabrin E, De Rosa R, Procopio A. Ultra-trace determination of total mercury in Italian bottled waters. Chemosphere 2019; 219:896-913. [PMID: 30572239 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a widespread, highly toxic persistent pollutant with adverse health effects on humans. So far, concentrations below the method detection limit have always been reported by studies on the concentration of mercury in bottled water when determined using instrumental analytical methods. These are often very expensive and are unaffordable for many laboratories. In this work, a less expensive method based on cold vapour atomic fluorescence spectrometry has been employed to determine total mercury (HgT) concentrations in bottled natural mineral waters. In all, 255 waters representing 164 different typologies were analysed. They came from 136 springs located in 18 Italian regions. In all samples, HgT concentrations were found in the range of sub-nanogram to a few nanograms per litre, well below the National and European regulatory limit (1 μg L-1). Differences in HgT concentrations were related not only to the environmental characteristics of the springs but also to the extent and impact of human activities. Higher concentrations were found in waters coming from regions with former mining and/or natural thermal and volcanic activity. These data allowed us to estimate the mercury intake by population (adults, children and toddlers) from drinkable mineral waters consumption. The mean mercury daily intake was found to be remarkably lower, not only than the provisional tolerable value (1 μg L-1 according to European and Italian legislation) but also than the estimated provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) value (4 μg kg-1 body weight) recommended by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Vardè
- Istituto per la Dinamica dei Processi Ambientali - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-IDPA), Via Torino 155, I-30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (DipSCF), Università degli Studi di Ferrara (Unife), Via Luigi Borsari 46, I-44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Servidio
- Istituto di Nanotecnologia - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-NANOTEC), Via P. Bucci 4, cubo 31C, I-87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Giovanni Vespasiano
- EalCUBO (Environment, Earth, Engineering), Università della Calabria (Unical), Via P. Bucci 4, cubo 15B, I-87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra (DiBEST), Università della Calabria (Unical), Via P. Bucci 4, cubo 15B, I-87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Luisa Pasti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (DipSCF), Università degli Studi di Ferrara (Unife), Via Luigi Borsari 46, I-44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alberto Cavazzini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (DipSCF), Università degli Studi di Ferrara (Unife), Via Luigi Borsari 46, I-44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mario Di Traglia
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive (DSPMI), Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Annalisa Rosselli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Santa Maria di Costantinopoli 16, I-80138, Napoli, Italy
| | - Franco Cofone
- Istituto di Nanotecnologia - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-NANOTEC), Via P. Bucci 4, cubo 31C, I-87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Carmine Apollaro
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra (DiBEST), Università della Calabria (Unical), Via P. Bucci 4, cubo 15B, I-87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Warren R L Cairns
- Istituto per la Dinamica dei Processi Ambientali - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-IDPA), Via Torino 155, I-30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Elisa Scalabrin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica (DAIS), Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, Via Torino 155, I-30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Rosanna De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra (DiBEST), Università della Calabria (Unical), Via P. Bucci 4, cubo 15B, I-87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Antonio Procopio
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi "Magna Graecia" di Catanzaro (UMG), Viale Europa, Località Germaneto, I-88100, Catanzaro, Italy
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Guagliardi I, Rovella N, Apollaro C, Bloise A, De Rosa R, Scarciglia F, Buttafuoco G. Effects of source rocks, soil features and climate on natural gamma radioactivity in the Crati valley (Calabria, Southern Italy). Chemosphere 2016; 150:97-108. [PMID: 26891362 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The study, which represents an innovative scientific strategy to approach the study of natural radioactivity in terms of spatial and temporal variability, was aimed to characterize the background levels of natural radionuclides in soil and rock in the urban and peri-urban soil of a southern Italy area; to quantify their variations due to radionuclide bearing minerals and soil properties, taking into account nature and extent of seasonality influence. Its main novelty is taking into account the effect of climate in controlling natural gamma radioactivity as well as analysing soil radioactivity in terms of soil properties and pedogenetic processes. In different bedrocks and soils, activities of natural radionuclides ((238)U, (232)Th (4) K) and total radioactivity were measured at 181 locations by means of scintillation γ-ray spectrometry. In addition, selected rocks samples were collected and analysed, using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) equipped with an Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) and an X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD), to assess the main sources of radionuclides. The natural-gamma background is intimately related to differing petrologic features of crystalline source rocks and to peculiar pedogenetic features and processes. The radioactivity survey was conducted during two different seasons with marked changes in the main climatic characteristics, namely dry summer and moist winter, to evaluate possible effects of seasonal climatic variations and soil properties on radioactivity measurements. Seasonal variations of radionuclides activities show their peak values in summer. The activities of (238)U, (232)Th and (4) K exhibit a positive correlation with the air temperature and are negatively correlated with precipitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Guagliardi
- National Research Council of Italy - Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean (ISAFOM), Via Cavour 4/6, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy.
| | - Natalia Rovella
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences - DiBEST, University of Calabria, Ponte Bucci, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Carmine Apollaro
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences - DiBEST, University of Calabria, Ponte Bucci, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Andrea Bloise
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences - DiBEST, University of Calabria, Ponte Bucci, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Rosanna De Rosa
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences - DiBEST, University of Calabria, Ponte Bucci, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Fabio Scarciglia
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences - DiBEST, University of Calabria, Ponte Bucci, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Gabriele Buttafuoco
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences - DiBEST, University of Calabria, Ponte Bucci, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
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Bloise A, Belluso E, Barrese E, Miriello D, Apollaro C. Synthesis of Fe-doped chrysotile and characterization of the resulting chrysotile fibers. Cryst Res Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.200900135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Bloise A, Barrese E, Apollaro C, Miriello D. Flux growth and characterization of Ti- and Ni-doped forsterite single crystals. Cryst Res Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.200800604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Apollaro C, Marini L, De Rosa R, Settembrino P, Scarciglia F, Vecchio G. Geochemical features of rocks, stream sediments, and soils of the Fiume Grande Valley (Calabria, Italy). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00254-006-0508-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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