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Vecchiato M, Barbante C, Barbaro E, Burgay F, Cairns WR, Callegaro A, Cappelletti D, Dallo F, D'Amico M, Feltracco M, Gallet JC, Gambaro A, Larose C, Maffezzoli N, Mazzola M, Sartorato I, Scoto F, Turetta C, Vardè M, Xie Z, Spolaor A. The seasonal change of PAHs in Svalbard surface snow. Environ Pollut 2024; 340:122864. [PMID: 37925006 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
The Arctic region is threatened by contamination deriving from both long-range pollution and local human activities. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are environmental tracers of emission, transport and deposition processes. A first campaign has been conducted at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, from October 2018 to May 2019, monitoring weekly concentrations of PAHs in Arctic surface snow. The trend of the 16 high priority PAH compounds showed that long-range inputs occurred mainly in the winter, with concentrations ranging from 0.8 ng L-1 to 37 ng L-1. In contrast to this, the most abundant analyte retene, showed an opposite seasonal trend with highest values in autumn and late spring (up to 97 ng L-1), while in winter this compound remained below 3 ng L-1. This is most likely due to local contributions from outcropping coal deposits and stockpiles. Our results show a general agreement with the atmospheric signal, although significant skews can be attributed to post-depositional processes, wind erosion, melting episodes and redistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vecchiato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy.
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - François Burgay
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry (LUC), Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Warren Rl Cairns
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Alice Callegaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - David Cappelletti
- Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Federico Dallo
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Marianna D'Amico
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Matteo Feltracco
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Catherine Larose
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Ampère, UMR5005, 69134, Ecully, Cedex, France
| | - Niccolò Maffezzoli
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Mauro Mazzola
- Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Ivan Sartorato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Federico Scoto
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate - National Research Council (ISAC-CNR), Campus Ecotekne, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Clara Turetta
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Vardè
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Zhiyong Xie
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Andrea Spolaor
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
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Feltracco M, Barbaro E, Spolaor A, Vecchiato M, Callegaro A, Burgay F, Vardè M, Maffezzoli N, Dallo F, Scoto F, Zangrando R, Barbante C, Gambaro A. Year-round measurements of size-segregated low molecular weight organic acids in Arctic aerosol. Sci Total Environ 2021; 763:142954. [PMID: 33498125 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic acids in aerosols Earth's atmosphere are ubiquitous and they have been extensively studied across urban, rural and polar environments. However, little is known about their properties, transport, source and seasonal variations in the Svalbard Archipelago. Here, we present the annual trend of organic acids in the aerosol collected at Ny-Ålesund and consider their size-distributions to infer their possible sources and relative contributions. A series of carboxylic acids were detected with a predominance of C2-oxalic acid. Pinic acid and cis-pinonic acid were studied in order to better understand the oxidative and gas-to-particle processes occurred in the Arctic atmosphere. Since the water-soluble organic fraction is mainly composed by organic acids and ions, we investigated how the seasonal variation leads to different atmospheric transport mechanisms, focusing on the chemical variations between the polar night and boreal summer. Using major ions, levoglucosan and MSA, the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) identified five different possible sources: a) sea spray; b) marine primary production; c) biomass burning; d) sea ice related process and e) secondary products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Feltracco
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy.
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council of Italy (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Andrea Spolaor
- Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council of Italy (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Marco Vecchiato
- Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council of Italy (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Alice Callegaro
- Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council of Italy (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - François Burgay
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy; Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Massimiliano Vardè
- Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council of Italy (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Niccolò Maffezzoli
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Federico Dallo
- Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council of Italy (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Federico Scoto
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council of Italy (ISAC-CNR), SP Lecce-Monteroni Km 1.2, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Roberta Zangrando
- Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council of Italy (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council of Italy (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council of Italy (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
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3
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Vardè M, Servidio A, Vespasiano G, Pasti L, Cavazzini A, Di Traglia M, Rosselli A, Cofone F, Apollaro C, Cairns WRL, Scalabrin E, De Rosa R, Procopio A. Ultra-trace determination of total mercury in Italian bottled waters. Chemosphere 2019; 219:896-913. [PMID: 30572239 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a widespread, highly toxic persistent pollutant with adverse health effects on humans. So far, concentrations below the method detection limit have always been reported by studies on the concentration of mercury in bottled water when determined using instrumental analytical methods. These are often very expensive and are unaffordable for many laboratories. In this work, a less expensive method based on cold vapour atomic fluorescence spectrometry has been employed to determine total mercury (HgT) concentrations in bottled natural mineral waters. In all, 255 waters representing 164 different typologies were analysed. They came from 136 springs located in 18 Italian regions. In all samples, HgT concentrations were found in the range of sub-nanogram to a few nanograms per litre, well below the National and European regulatory limit (1 μg L-1). Differences in HgT concentrations were related not only to the environmental characteristics of the springs but also to the extent and impact of human activities. Higher concentrations were found in waters coming from regions with former mining and/or natural thermal and volcanic activity. These data allowed us to estimate the mercury intake by population (adults, children and toddlers) from drinkable mineral waters consumption. The mean mercury daily intake was found to be remarkably lower, not only than the provisional tolerable value (1 μg L-1 according to European and Italian legislation) but also than the estimated provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) value (4 μg kg-1 body weight) recommended by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Vardè
- Istituto per la Dinamica dei Processi Ambientali - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-IDPA), Via Torino 155, I-30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (DipSCF), Università degli Studi di Ferrara (Unife), Via Luigi Borsari 46, I-44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Servidio
- Istituto di Nanotecnologia - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-NANOTEC), Via P. Bucci 4, cubo 31C, I-87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Giovanni Vespasiano
- EalCUBO (Environment, Earth, Engineering), Università della Calabria (Unical), Via P. Bucci 4, cubo 15B, I-87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra (DiBEST), Università della Calabria (Unical), Via P. Bucci 4, cubo 15B, I-87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Luisa Pasti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (DipSCF), Università degli Studi di Ferrara (Unife), Via Luigi Borsari 46, I-44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alberto Cavazzini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (DipSCF), Università degli Studi di Ferrara (Unife), Via Luigi Borsari 46, I-44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mario Di Traglia
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive (DSPMI), Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Annalisa Rosselli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Santa Maria di Costantinopoli 16, I-80138, Napoli, Italy
| | - Franco Cofone
- Istituto di Nanotecnologia - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-NANOTEC), Via P. Bucci 4, cubo 31C, I-87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Carmine Apollaro
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra (DiBEST), Università della Calabria (Unical), Via P. Bucci 4, cubo 15B, I-87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Warren R L Cairns
- Istituto per la Dinamica dei Processi Ambientali - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-IDPA), Via Torino 155, I-30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Elisa Scalabrin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica (DAIS), Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, Via Torino 155, I-30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Rosanna De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra (DiBEST), Università della Calabria (Unical), Via P. Bucci 4, cubo 15B, I-87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Antonio Procopio
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi "Magna Graecia" di Catanzaro (UMG), Viale Europa, Località Germaneto, I-88100, Catanzaro, Italy
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Spolaor A, Angot H, Roman M, Dommergue A, Scarchilli C, Vardè M, Del Guasta M, Pedeli X, Varin C, Sprovieri F, Magand O, Legrand M, Barbante C, Cairns WRL. Feedback mechanisms between snow and atmospheric mercury: Results and observations from field campaigns on the Antarctic plateau. Chemosphere 2018; 197:306-317. [PMID: 29353680 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Antarctic Plateau snowpack is an important environment for the mercury geochemical cycle. We have extensively characterized and compared the changes in surface snow and atmospheric mercury concentrations that occur at Dome C. Three summer sampling campaigns were conducted between 2013 and 2016. The three campaigns had different meteorological conditions that significantly affected mercury deposition processes and its abundance in surface snow. In the absence of snow deposition events, the surface mercury concentration remained stable with narrow oscillations, while an increase in precipitation results in a higher mercury variability. The Hg concentrations detected confirm that snowfall can act as a mercury atmospheric scavenger. A high temporal resolution sampling experiment showed that surface concentration changes are connected with the diurnal solar radiation cycle. Mercury in surface snow is highly dynamic and it could decrease by up to 90% within 4/6 h. A negative relationship between surface snow mercury and atmospheric concentrations has been detected suggesting a mutual dynamic exchange between these two environments. Mercury concentrations were also compared with the Br concentrations in surface and deeper snow, results suggest that Br could have an active role in Hg deposition, particularly when air masses are from coastal areas. This research presents new information on the presence of Hg in surface and deeper snow layers, improving our understanding of atmospheric Hg deposition to the snow surface and the possible role of re-emission on the atmospheric Hg concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Spolaor
- CNR-Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes (IDPA), 30172, Venice-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Hélène Angot
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement (IGE), 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Marco Roman
- CNR-Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes (IDPA), 30172, Venice-Mestre, Italy
| | - Aurélien Dommergue
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement (IGE), 38000, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Massimiliano Vardè
- CNR-Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes (IDPA), 30172, Venice-Mestre, Italy
| | | | - Xanthi Pedeli
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, 30172, Venice -Mestre, Italy
| | - Cristiano Varin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, 30172, Venice -Mestre, Italy
| | - Francesca Sprovieri
- CNR-Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (IIA), Division of Rende, 87036, Rende, Italy
| | - Olivier Magand
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement (IGE), 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Michel Legrand
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement (IGE), 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Carlo Barbante
- CNR-Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes (IDPA), 30172, Venice-Mestre, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, 30172, Venice -Mestre, Italy
| | - Warren R L Cairns
- CNR-Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes (IDPA), 30172, Venice-Mestre, Italy
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