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Rosso B, Scoto F, Hallanger IG, Larose C, Gallet JC, Spolaor A, Bravo B, Barbante C, Gambaro A, Corami F. Characteristics and quantification of small microplastics (<100 µm) in seasonal svalbard snow on glaciers and lands. J Hazard Mater 2024; 467:133723. [PMID: 38359761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Small microplastics (SMPs < 100 µm) can easily be transported over long distances far from their sources through the atmospheric pathways and reach even remote regions, including the Arctic. However, these sizes of MPs are mostly overlooked due to different analytical challenges; besides, their pathways through atmospheric depositions, such as snow depositions, are mostly unknown. The spatial variability in bulk snow samples was investigated for the first time in distinct sites (e.g., glaciers) near Ny Ålesund, the world-known northernmost permanent research settlement in the Svalbard Islands, to better comprehend the presence of SMP pollution in snow. Seasonal snow deposited over the tundra and the summits of different glaciers were also sampled. A sampling procedure was designed to obtain representative samples while minimizing plastic contamination, thanks to rigorous quality assurance and quality control protocol. SMPs' weight (µg SMP L-1) and deposition load (mg SMPs m-2) result from being lower in the remote glaciers, where they may be subject to long-range transport. The SMPs' minimum length was 20 µm, with the majority less than 100 µm. Regarding their size distribution, there was an increase in the size length deriving from the local input of the human presence near the scientific settlement. The presence of some polymers might be site-specific in relation to the pathways that affect their distribution at the sites studied. Also, from the snow surface layer collected at the same sites to evaluate the variability of SMPs during specific atmospheric deposition events, the results confirmed their higher weight and load in surface snow near the scientific settlement compared to the glaciers. The results will enhance the limited knowledge of the SMPs in polar atmospheric compartments and deposition processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Rosso
- Institute of Polar Sciencies, CNR-ISP, Campus Scientifico Ca' Foscari University, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, informatics, and Statistics, Campus Scientifico - Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Federico Scoto
- Department of Environmental Sciences, informatics, and Statistics, Campus Scientifico - Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy; Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, CNR-ISAC, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Catherine Larose
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, École Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Écully, France
| | | | - Andrea Spolaor
- Institute of Polar Sciencies, CNR-ISP, Campus Scientifico Ca' Foscari University, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, informatics, and Statistics, Campus Scientifico - Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Barbara Bravo
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Str. Rivoltana, Km 4, 20090 Rodano, MI, Italy
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Institute of Polar Sciencies, CNR-ISP, Campus Scientifico Ca' Foscari University, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, informatics, and Statistics, Campus Scientifico - Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, informatics, and Statistics, Campus Scientifico - Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Fabiana Corami
- Institute of Polar Sciencies, CNR-ISP, Campus Scientifico Ca' Foscari University, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, informatics, and Statistics, Campus Scientifico - Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
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2
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Benning LG, Wagner D, Larose C, Gunde-Cimerman N, Häggblom MM. Editorial: thematic issue on Polar and Alpine Microbiology. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2024; 100:fiae030. [PMID: 38518222 PMCID: PMC10959548 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiae030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liane G Benning
- German Research Centre for Geosciences GFZ, Telegrafenberg A71-359, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Dirk Wagner
- German Research Centre for Geosciences GFZ, Telegrafenberg A71-359, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Catherine Larose
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institute of Geosciences of the Environment IGE, CS 40700, 38 058 Grenoble, France
| | - Nina Gunde-Cimerman
- University of Ljubljana, Department of Biology, Biotechnical faculty, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Max M Häggblom
- Rutgers University, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, 76 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8525, United States
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3
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Rossi F, Duchaine C, Tignat-Perrier R, Joly M, Larose C, Dommergue A, Turgeon N, Veillette M, Sellegri K, Baray JL, Amato P. Temporal variations of antimicrobial resistance genes in aerosols: A one-year monitoring at the puy de Dôme summit (Central France). Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:169567. [PMID: 38145686 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The recent characterization of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in clouds evidenced that the atmosphere actively partakes in the global spreading of antibiotic resistance worldwide. Indeed, the outdoor atmosphere continuously receives large quantities of particles of biological origins, emitted from both anthropogenic or natural sources at the near Earth's surface. Nonetheless, our understanding of the composition of the atmospheric resistome, especially at mid-altitude (i.e. above 1000 m a.s.l.), remains largely limited. The atmosphere is vast and highly dynamic, so that the diversity and abundance of ARGs are expected to fluctuate both spatially and temporally. In this work, the abundance and diversity of ARGs were assessed in atmospheric aerosol samples collected weekly between July 2016 and August 2017 at the mountain site of puy de Dôme (1465 m a.s.l., central France). Our results evidence the presence of 33 different subtypes of ARGs in atmospheric aerosols, out of 34 assessed, whose total concentration fluctuated seasonally from 59 to 1.1 × 105 copies m-3 of air. These were heavily dominated by genes from the quinolone resistance family, notably the qepA gene encoding efflux pump mechanisms, which represented >95 % of total ARGs concentration. Its abundance positively correlated with that of bacteria affiliated with the genera Kineococcus, Neorhizobium, Devosia or Massilia, ubiquitous in soils. This, along with the high abundance of Sphingomonas species, points toward a large contribution of natural sources to the airborne ARGs. Nonetheless, the increased contribution of macrolide resistance (notably the erm35 gene) during winter suggests a sporadic diffusion of ARGs from human activities. Our observations depict the atmosphere as an important vector of ARGs from terrestrial sources. Therefore, monitoring ARGs in airborne microorganisms appears necessary to fully understand the dynamics of antimicrobial resistances in the environment and mitigate the threats they may represent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Rossi
- Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Faculté́ des sciences et de génie, Université́ Laval, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'institut de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Caroline Duchaine
- Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Faculté́ des sciences et de génie, Université́ Laval, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'institut de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Canada; Canada Research Chair on Bioaerosols, Canada.
| | - Romie Tignat-Perrier
- Laboratoire Ampère, École Centrale de Lyon, CNRS, Université de Lyon, Ecully, France; Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France
| | - Muriel Joly
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Catherine Larose
- Laboratoire Ampère, École Centrale de Lyon, CNRS, Université de Lyon, Ecully, France
| | - Aurélien Dommergue
- Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France
| | - Nathalie Turgeon
- Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Faculté́ des sciences et de génie, Université́ Laval, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'institut de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Veillette
- Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Faculté́ des sciences et de génie, Université́ Laval, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'institut de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Karine Sellegri
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Météorologie physique, UMR 6016, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Luc Baray
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Observatoire de physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand, UAR 833, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Météorologie physique, UMR 6016, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Amato
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Uhl M, Waeckel T, Seizilles De Mazancourt E, Taha F, Kaulanjan K, Goujon A, Beretta A, Papet J, Dupuis H, Panis A, Peyrottes A, Lemaire A, Larose C, Bettler L, Pues M, Joncour C, Stempfer G, Ghestem T, De Sousa P. Impact of Transplantation Timing on Renal Graft Survival Outcomes and Perioperative Complications. Transpl Int 2024; 37:12202. [PMID: 38420268 PMCID: PMC10899379 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2024.12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Nighttime organ transplantation aims to decrease cold ischemia duration, yet conflicting data exists on its impact on graft function and perioperative complications. This multicenter TRANSPLANT'AFUF study including 2,854 patients, transplanted between 1 January 2011, and 31 December 2022, investigated nighttime kidney transplantation's impact (8:00 p.m.-8:00 a.m.) versus daytime (8:00 a.m.-8:00 p.m.) on surgical complications and graft survival. Overall, 2043 patients (71.6%) underwent daytime graft, while 811 (28.4%) underwent nighttime graft. No impact was observed of timing of graft surgery on graft survival with a median survival of 98 months and 132 months for daytime and nightime grafting, respectively (p = 0.1749). Moreover, no impact was observed on early surgical complications (Clavien I-II = 20.95% for DG and 20.10% for NG; Clavien III-IV-V = 15.42% for DG and 12.94% for NG; p = 0.0889) and late complications (>30 days) (Clavien I-II = 6.80% for DG and 5.67% for NG; Clavien III-IV-V = 12.78% for DG and 12.82% for NG; p = 0.2444). Noteworthy, we found a significant increase in Maastricht 3 donors' rates in nighttime transplantation (5.53% DG vs. 21.45% NG; p < 0.0001). In conclusion, nighttime kidney transplantation did not impact early/late surgical complications nor graft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Uhl
- Urology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Amiens Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - T. Waeckel
- Urology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Caen, Caen, France
| | | | - F. Taha
- Urology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Reims, Reims, France
| | - K. Kaulanjan
- Urology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Pointe A Pitre, Guadeloupe, Pointe à Pitre, France
| | - A. Goujon
- Urology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - A. Beretta
- Urology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - J. Papet
- Urology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - H. Dupuis
- Urology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - A. Panis
- Urology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Créteil, Paris, France
| | - A. Peyrottes
- Urology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - A. Lemaire
- Urology, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - C. Larose
- Urology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - L. Bettler
- Urology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - M. Pues
- Urology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Lille, Lille, France
| | - C. Joncour
- Urology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Reims, Reims, France
| | - G. Stempfer
- Urology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Pointe A Pitre, Guadeloupe, Pointe à Pitre, France
| | - T. Ghestem
- Urology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Amiens Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - P. De Sousa
- Urology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Amiens Picardie, Amiens, France
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Vecchiato M, Barbante C, Barbaro E, Burgay F, Cairns WR, Callegaro A, Cappelletti D, Dallo F, D'Amico M, Feltracco M, Gallet JC, Gambaro A, Larose C, Maffezzoli N, Mazzola M, Sartorato I, Scoto F, Turetta C, Vardè M, Xie Z, Spolaor A. The seasonal change of PAHs in Svalbard surface snow. Environ Pollut 2024; 340:122864. [PMID: 37925006 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
The Arctic region is threatened by contamination deriving from both long-range pollution and local human activities. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are environmental tracers of emission, transport and deposition processes. A first campaign has been conducted at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, from October 2018 to May 2019, monitoring weekly concentrations of PAHs in Arctic surface snow. The trend of the 16 high priority PAH compounds showed that long-range inputs occurred mainly in the winter, with concentrations ranging from 0.8 ng L-1 to 37 ng L-1. In contrast to this, the most abundant analyte retene, showed an opposite seasonal trend with highest values in autumn and late spring (up to 97 ng L-1), while in winter this compound remained below 3 ng L-1. This is most likely due to local contributions from outcropping coal deposits and stockpiles. Our results show a general agreement with the atmospheric signal, although significant skews can be attributed to post-depositional processes, wind erosion, melting episodes and redistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vecchiato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy.
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - François Burgay
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry (LUC), Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Warren Rl Cairns
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Alice Callegaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - David Cappelletti
- Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Federico Dallo
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Marianna D'Amico
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Matteo Feltracco
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Catherine Larose
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Ampère, UMR5005, 69134, Ecully, Cedex, France
| | - Niccolò Maffezzoli
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Mauro Mazzola
- Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Ivan Sartorato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Federico Scoto
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate - National Research Council (ISAC-CNR), Campus Ecotekne, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Clara Turetta
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Vardè
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Zhiyong Xie
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Andrea Spolaor
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences - National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
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Malard LA, Bergk-Pinto B, Layton R, Vogel TM, Larose C, Pearce DA. Snow Microorganisms Colonise Arctic Soils Following Snow Melt. Microb Ecol 2023; 86:1661-1675. [PMID: 36939866 PMCID: PMC10497451 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02204-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Arctic soils are constantly subjected to microbial invasion from either airborne, marine, or animal sources, which may impact local microbial communities and ecosystem functioning. However, in winter, Arctic soils are isolated from outside sources other than snow, which is the sole source of microorganisms. Successful colonisation of soil by snow microorganisms depends on the ability to survive and compete of both, the invading and resident community. Using shallow shotgun metagenome sequencing and amplicon sequencing, this study monitored snow and soil microbial communities throughout snow melt to investigate the colonisation process of Arctic soils. Microbial colonisation likely occurred as all the characteristics of successful colonisation were observed. The colonising microorganisms originating from the snow were already adapted to the local environmental conditions and were subsequently subjected to many similar conditions in the Arctic soil. Furthermore, competition-related genes (e.g. motility and virulence) increased in snow samples as the snow melted. Overall, one hundred potentially successful colonisers were identified in the soil and, thus, demonstrated the deposition and growth of snow microorganisms in soils during melt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie A Malard
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Benoit Bergk-Pinto
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, École Centrale de Lyon, CNRS, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
- BioIT, TAG (Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics) Sciensano, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rose Layton
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, École Centrale de Lyon, CNRS, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Timothy M Vogel
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, École Centrale de Lyon, CNRS, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Catherine Larose
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, École Centrale de Lyon, CNRS, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - David A Pearce
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
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Cappelletti D, Ežerinskis Ž, Šapolaitė J, Bučinskas L, Luks B, Nawrot A, Larose C, Tuccella P, Gallet JC, Crocchianti S, Bruschi F, Moroni B, Spolaor A. Long-range transport and deposition on the Arctic snowpack of nuclear contaminated particulate matter. J Hazard Mater 2023; 452:131317. [PMID: 37003004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The primary environmental concern related to nuclear power is the production of radioactive waste hazardous to humans and the environment. The main scientific and technological problems to address this are related to the storage and disposal of the nuclear waste and monitoring the dispersion of radioactive species into the environment. In this work, we determined an anomalously high 14C activity, well above the modern natural background, on surface and seasonal snow sampled in early May 2019 on glaciers in the Hornsund fjord area (Svalbard). Due to the lack of local sources, the high snow concentrations of 14C suggest long-range atmospheric transport of nuclear waste particles from lower latitudes, where nuclear power plants and treatment stations are located. The analysis of the synoptic and local meteorological data allowed us to associate the long-range transport of this anomalous 14C concentration to an intrusion event of a warm and humid air mass that likely brought pollutants from Central Europe to the Arctic in late April 2019. Elemental and organic carbon, trace element concentration data, and scanning electron microscopy morphological analysis were performed on the same snow samples to better constrain the transport process that might have led to the high 14C radionuclide concentrations in Svalbard. In particular, the highest 14C values found in the snowpack (> 200 percent of Modern Carbon, pMC) were associated with the lowest OC/EC ratios (< 4), an indication of an anthropogenic industrial source, and with the presence of spherical particles rich in iron, zirconium, and titanium which, altogether, suggest an origin related to nuclear waste reprocessing plants. This study highlights the role of long-range transport in exposing Arctic environments to human pollution. Given that the frequency and intensity of these atmospheric warming events are predicted to increase due to ongoing climate change, improving our knowledge of their possible impact to Arctic pollution is becoming urgent.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Cappelletti
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy; ISP-CNR, Istituto di Scienze Polari, del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Venezia, Italy.
| | - Žilvinas Ežerinskis
- Department of Nuclear Research, Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Justina Šapolaitė
- Department of Nuclear Research, Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Laurynas Bučinskas
- Department of Nuclear Research, Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Bartłomiej Luks
- Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Nawrot
- Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Catherine Larose
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Ampère, UMR5005, 69134 Ecully cedex, France
| | - Paolo Tuccella
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio 46, 67100 Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy; Center of Excellence Telesensing of Environment and Model Prediction of Severe Events (CETEMPS), Via Vetoio, 67100 Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Crocchianti
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Federica Bruschi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Beatrice Moroni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Spolaor
- ISP-CNR, Istituto di Scienze Polari, del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Venezia, Italy; Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice Mestre, Italy
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8
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Sanchez-Cid C, Keuschnig C, Vogel TM, Larose C. Impact of in situ solar irradiation on snow bacterial communities and functional potential. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023:7128943. [PMID: 37073121 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Polar regions are increasingly exposed to ultraviolet light due to ozone depletion. Snowpacks contain photochemically-active particles that, when irradiated, can lead to the production and accumulation of reactive species that can induce oxidative stress on snow microorganisms. This could generate a selective pressure on snowpack bacteria. In this study, snow microcosms were buried in a snowpack at Ny-Ålesund (Svalbard), either exposed to solar irradiation or incubated in the dark for 10 days, and the bacterial response to solar irradiation was evaluated in situ using a metagenomics approach. Solar irradiation induced a significant decrease of bacterial abundance and richness. Genes involved in glutathione synthesis, sulfur metabolism and multidrug efflux were significantly enriched in the light, whereas genes related to cell wall assembly and nutrient uptake were more abundant in the dark. This is the first study demonstrating the response of snow bacterial communities to solar irradiation in situ and providing insights into the mechanisms involved. Our research shows that polar sun irradiation is sufficiently intense to impose a selective pressure on snow bacteria and supports the concern that increased ultraviolet exposure due to anthropogenic activities and climatic change could drive critical changes in the structure and functioning of snow bacterial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepcion Sanchez-Cid
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, CNRS UMR 5005 Laboratoire Ampère, École Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Écully, France
| | - Christoph Keuschnig
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, CNRS UMR 5005 Laboratoire Ampère, École Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Écully, France
| | - Timothy M Vogel
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR 5557, UMR INRAe 1418, VetAgro Sup, Écologie Microbienne, équipe BEER, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Catherine Larose
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, CNRS UMR 5005 Laboratoire Ampère, École Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Écully, France
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9
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Keuschnig C, Vogel TM, Barbaro E, Spolaor A, Koziol K, Björkman MP, Zdanowicz C, Gallet JC, Luks B, Layton R, Larose C. Selection processes of Arctic seasonal glacier snowpack bacterial communities. Microbiome 2023; 11:35. [PMID: 36864462 PMCID: PMC9979512 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01473-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arctic snowpack microbial communities are continually subject to dynamic chemical and microbial input from the atmosphere. As such, the factors that contribute to structuring their microbial communities are complex and have yet to be completely resolved. These snowpack communities can be used to evaluate whether they fit niche-based or neutral assembly theories. METHODS We sampled snow from 22 glacier sites on 7 glaciers across Svalbard in April during the maximum snow accumulation period and prior to the melt period to evaluate the factors that drive snowpack metataxonomy. These snowpacks were seasonal, accumulating in early winter on bare ice and firn and completely melting out in autumn. Using a Bayesian fitting strategy to evaluate Hubbell's Unified Neutral Theory of Biodiversity at multiple sites, we tested for neutrality and defined immigration rates at different taxonomic levels. Bacterial abundance and diversity were measured and the amount of potential ice-nucleating bacteria was calculated. The chemical composition (anions, cations, organic acids) and particulate impurity load (elemental and organic carbon) of the winter and spring snowpack were also characterized. We used these data in addition to geographical information to assess possible niche-based effects on snow microbial communities using multivariate and variable partitioning analysis. RESULTS While certain taxonomic signals were found to fit the neutral assembly model, clear evidence of niche-based selection was observed at most sites. Inorganic chemistry was not linked directly to diversity, but helped to identify predominant colonization sources and predict microbial abundance, which was tightly linked to sea spray. Organic acids were the most significant predictors of microbial diversity. At low organic acid concentrations, the snow microbial structure represented the seeding community closely, and evolved away from it at higher organic acid concentrations, with concomitant increases in bacterial numbers. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that environmental selection plays a significant role in structuring snow microbial communities and that future studies should focus on activity and growth. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Keuschnig
- Formerly at Univ Lyon, CNRS, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Ampère, UMR5005, 69134, Ecully Cedex, France
- Currently at Interface Geochemistry, German Research Center for Geosciences, GFZ, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Timothy M Vogel
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Ampère, UMR5005, 69134, Ecully Cedex, France
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Institute of Polar Sciences, ISP-CNR, Via Torino 155, 30170, Venice Mestre, Italy
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice, Italy
| | - Andrea Spolaor
- Institute of Polar Sciences, ISP-CNR, Via Torino 155, 30170, Venice Mestre, Italy
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice, Italy
| | - Krystyna Koziol
- Department of Environmental Change and Geochemistry, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, the Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Mats P Björkman
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 460, SE-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christian Zdanowicz
- Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, SE-75236, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Bartłomiej Luks
- Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Księcia Janusza 64, 01-452, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rose Layton
- Formerly at Univ Lyon, CNRS, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Ampère, UMR5005, 69134, Ecully Cedex, France
| | - Catherine Larose
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Ampère, UMR5005, 69134, Ecully Cedex, France.
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10
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Bradley JA, Trivedi CB, Winkel M, Mourot R, Lutz S, Larose C, Keuschnig C, Doting E, Halbach L, Zervas A, Anesio AM, Benning LG. Active and dormant microorganisms on glacier surfaces. Geobiology 2023; 21:244-261. [PMID: 36450703 PMCID: PMC10099831 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Glacier and ice sheet surfaces host diverse communities of microorganisms whose activity (or inactivity) influences biogeochemical cycles and ice melting. Supraglacial microbes endure various environmental extremes including resource scarcity, frequent temperature fluctuations above and below the freezing point of water, and high UV irradiance during summer followed by months of total darkness during winter. One strategy that enables microbial life to persist through environmental extremes is dormancy, which despite being prevalent among microbial communities in natural settings, has not been directly measured and quantified in glacier surface ecosystems. Here, we use a combination of metabarcoding and metatranscriptomic analyses, as well as cell-specific activity (BONCAT) incubations to assess the diversity and activity of microbial communities from glacial surfaces in Iceland and Greenland. We also present a new ecological model for glacier microorganisms and simulate physiological state-changes in the glacial microbial community under idealized (i) freezing, (ii) thawing, and (iii) freeze-thaw conditions. We show that a high proportion (>50%) of bacterial cells are translationally active in-situ on snow and ice surfaces, with Actinomycetota, Pseudomonadota, and Planctomycetota dominating the total and active community compositions, and that glacier microorganisms, even when frozen, could resume translational activity within 24 h after thawing. Our data suggest that glacial microorganisms respond rapidly to dynamic and changing conditions typical of their natural environment. We deduce that the biology and biogeochemistry of glacier surfaces are shaped by processes occurring over short (i.e., daily) timescales, and thus are susceptible to change following the expected alterations to the melt-regime of glaciers driven by climate change. A better understanding of the activity of microorganisms on glacier surfaces is critical in addressing the growing concern of climate change in Polar regions, as well as for their use as analogues to life in potentially habitable icy worlds.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. Bradley
- Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
- GFZ German Research Centre for GeosciencesBerlinGermany
| | | | - Matthias Winkel
- GFZ German Research Centre for GeosciencesBerlinGermany
- Bundesanstalt für Risikobewertung (BfR)BerlinGermany
| | - Rey Mourot
- GFZ German Research Centre for GeosciencesBerlinGermany
- Freie University BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Stefanie Lutz
- GFZ German Research Centre for GeosciencesBerlinGermany
| | - Catherine Larose
- Environmental Microbial GenomicsUniversité de LyonEcully CedexFrance
| | | | - Eva Doting
- Environmental ScienceAarhus UniversityRoskildeDenmark
| | - Laura Halbach
- Environmental ScienceAarhus UniversityRoskildeDenmark
| | | | | | - Liane G. Benning
- GFZ German Research Centre for GeosciencesBerlinGermany
- Freie University BerlinBerlinGermany
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11
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Keuschnig C, Martins JMF, Navel A, Simonet P, Larose C. Micro-fractionation shows microbial community changes in soil particles below 20 μm. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1091773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionMicro-scale analysis of microbes in soil is essential to the overall understanding of microbial organization, interactions, and ecosystem functioning. Soil fractionation according to its aggregated structure has been used to access microbial habitats. While bacterial communities have been extensively described, little is known about the fungal communities at scales relevant to microbial interactions.MethodsWe applied a gentle soil fractionation method to preserve stable aggregated structures within the range of micro-aggregates and studied fungal and bacterial communities as well as nitrogen cycling potentials in the pristine Rothamsted Park Grass soil (bulk soil) as well as in its particle size fractions (PSFs; >250 μm, 250–63 μm, 63–20 μm, 20–2 μm, <2 μm, and supernatant).ResultsOverall bacterial and fungal community structures changed in PSFs below 20 μm. The relative abundance of Basidiomycota decreased with decreasing particle size over the entire measure range, while Ascomycota showed an increase and Mucoromycota became more prominent in particles below 20 μm. Bacterial diversity was found highest in the < 2 μm fraction, but only a few taxa were washed-off during the procedure and found in supernatant samples. These taxa have been associated with exopolysaccharide production and biofilm formation (e.g., Pseudomonas, Massilia, Mucilaginibacter, Edaphobaculum, Duganella, Janthinobacterium, and Variovorax). The potential for nitrogen reduction was found elevated in bigger aggregates.DiscussionThe observed changes below 20 μm particle are in line with scales where microbes operate and interact, highlighting the potential to focus on little researched sub-fractions of micro-aggregates. The applied method shows potential for use in studies focusing on the role of microbial biofilms in soil and might also be adapted to research various other soil microbial functions. Technical advances in combination with micro-sampling methods in soil promise valuable output in soil studies when particles below 20 μm are included.
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12
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Sanchez-Cid C, Keuschnig C, Torzewski K, Stachnik Ł, Kępski D, Luks B, Nawrot A, Niedzielski P, Vogel TM, Larose C. Environmental and Anthropogenic Factors Shape the Snow Microbiome and Antibiotic Resistome. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:918622. [PMID: 35783390 PMCID: PMC9245712 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.918622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Winter tourism can generate environmental pollution and affect microbial ecology in mountain ecosystems. This could stimulate the development of antibiotic resistance in snow and its dissemination through the atmosphere and through snow melting. Despite these potential impacts, the effect of winter tourism on the snow antibiotic resistome remains to be elucidated. In this study, snow samples subjected to different levels of anthropogenic activities and surrounding forest were obtained from the Sudety Mountains in Poland to evaluate the impact of winter tourism on snow bacteria using a metagenomic approach. Bacterial community composition was determined by the sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene and the composition of the antibiotic resistome was explored by metagenomic sequencing. Whereas environmental factors were the main drivers of bacterial community and antibiotic resistome composition in snow, winter tourism affected resistome composition in sites with similar environmental conditions. Several antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) showed a higher abundance in sites subjected to human activities. This is the first study to show that anthropogenic activities may influence the antibiotic resistome in alpine snow. Our results highlight the need to survey antibiotic resistance development in anthropogenically polluted sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepcion Sanchez-Cid
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, CNRS UMR 5005 Laboratoire Ampère, École Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Écully, France
- Promega France, Charbonnières-les-Bains, France
- *Correspondence: Concepcion Sanchez-Cid,
| | - Christoph Keuschnig
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, CNRS UMR 5005 Laboratoire Ampère, École Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Écully, France
| | - Karol Torzewski
- Department of Ecology, Biogeochemistry and Environmental Protection, Institute of Botany, Wrocław University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Łukasz Stachnik
- Institute of Geography and Regional Development, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Daniel Kępski
- Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Luks
- Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Nawrot
- Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- forScience Foundation, Toruń, Poland
| | - Przemysław Niedzielski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Timothy M. Vogel
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, CNRS UMR 5005 Laboratoire Ampère, École Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Écully, France
| | - Catherine Larose
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, CNRS UMR 5005 Laboratoire Ampère, École Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Écully, France
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13
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Trivedi CB, Keuschnig C, Larose C, Rissi DV, Mourot R, Bradley JA, Winkel M, Benning LG. DNA/RNA Preservation in Glacial Snow and Ice Samples. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:894893. [PMID: 35677909 PMCID: PMC9168539 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.894893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The preservation of nucleic acids for high-throughput sequencing is an ongoing challenge for field scientists. In particular, samples that are low biomass, or that have to be collected and preserved in logistically challenging environments (such as remote sites or during long sampling campaigns) can pose exceptional difficulties. With this work, we compare and assess the effectiveness of three preservation methods for DNA and RNA extracted from microbial communities of glacial snow and ice samples. Snow and ice samples were melted and filtered upon collection in Iceland, and filters were preserved using: (i) liquid nitrogen flash freezing, (ii) storage in RNAlater, or (iii) storage in Zymo DNA/RNA Shield. Comparative statistics covering nucleic acid recovery, sequencing library preparation, genome assembly, and taxonomic diversity were used to determine best practices for the preservation of DNA and RNA samples from these environments. Our results reveal that microbial community composition based on DNA was comparable at the class level across preservation types. Based on extracted RNA, the taxonomic composition of the active community was primarily driven by the filtered sample volume (i.e., biomass content). In low biomass samples (where <200 ml of sample volume was filtered) the taxonomic and functional signatures trend toward the composition of the control samples, while in samples where a larger volume (more biomass) was filtered our data showed comparable results independent of preservation type. Based on all comparisons our data suggests that flash freezing of filters containing low biomass is the preferred method for preserving DNA and RNA (notwithstanding the difficulties of accessing liquid nitrogen in remote glacial field sites). Generally, RNAlater and Zymo DNA/RNA Shield solutions work comparably well, especially for DNA from high biomass samples, but Zymo DNA/RNA Shield is favored due to its higher yield of preserved RNA. Biomass quantity from snow and ice samples appears to be the most important factor in regards to the collection and preservation of samples from glacial environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Trivedi
- Interface Geochemistry, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Catherine Larose
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Université de Lyon, Ecully Cedex, France
| | | | - Rey Mourot
- Interface Geochemistry, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Earth Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - James A Bradley
- Interface Geochemistry, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany.,School of Geography, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Winkel
- Interface Geochemistry, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Liane G Benning
- Interface Geochemistry, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Earth Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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14
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Keuschnig C, Larose C, Rudner M, Pesqueda A, Doleac S, Elberling B, Björk RG, Klemedtsson L, Björkman MP. Reduced methane emissions in former permafrost soils driven by vegetation and microbial changes following drainage. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:3411-3425. [PMID: 35285570 PMCID: PMC9314937 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In Arctic regions, thawing permafrost soils are projected to release 50 to 250 Gt of carbon by 2100. This data is mostly derived from carbon-rich wetlands, although 71% of this carbon pool is stored in faster-thawing mineral soils, where ecosystems close to the outer boundaries of permafrost regions are especially vulnerable. Although extensive data exists from currently thawing sites and short-term thawing experiments, investigations of the long-term changes following final thaw and co-occurring drainage are scarce. Here we show ecosystem changes at two comparable tussock tundra sites with distinct permafrost thaw histories, representing 15 and 25 years of natural drainage, that resulted in a 10-fold decrease in CH4 emissions (3.2 ± 2.2 vs. 0.3 ± 0.4 mg C-CH4 m-2 day-1 ), while CO2 emissions were comparable. These data extend the time perspective from earlier studies based on short-term experimental drainage. The overall microbial community structures did not differ significantly between sites, although the drier top soils at the most advanced site led to a loss of methanogens and their syntrophic partners in surface layers while the abundance of methanotrophs remained unchanged. The resulting deeper aeration zones likely increased CH4 oxidation due to the longer residence time of CH4 in the oxidation zone, while the observed loss of aerenchyma plants reduced CH4 diffusion from deeper soil layers directly to the atmosphere. Our findings highlight the importance of including hydrological, vegetation and microbial specific responses when studying long-term effects of climate change on CH4 emissions and underscores the need for data from different soil types and thaw histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Keuschnig
- Environmental Microbial GenomicsLaboratoire AmpereEcole Centrale de LyonEcullyFrance
| | - Catherine Larose
- Environmental Microbial GenomicsLaboratoire AmpereEcole Centrale de LyonEcullyFrance
| | - Mario Rudner
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Argus Pesqueda
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Present address:
Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF)‐Edifici CUniversitat Autonoma de BarcelonaBellaterra, BarcelonaSpain
| | - Stéphane Doleac
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Ecole PolytechniquePalaiseauFrance
| | - Bo Elberling
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM)Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource ManagementUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Robert G. Björk
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity CentreGothenburgSweden
| | - Leif Klemedtsson
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Mats P. Björkman
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity CentreGothenburgSweden
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15
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Mazeaud C, Larose C, Dagry A, Sarfati B, Lagrange F, Lecoanet P, Manuguerra A, Eschwège P, Hubert J. Place de la robotique dans les interventions cœlioscopiques urologiques majeures en france. une évaluation enfin possible grâce à un codage spécifique. Prog Urol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2021.08.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Zhu C, Miller M, Lusskin N, Bergk Pinto B, Maccario L, Häggblom M, Vogel T, Larose C, Bromberg Y. Snow microbiome functional analyses reveal novel aspects of microbial metabolism of complex organic compounds. Microbiologyopen 2020; 9:e1100. [PMID: 32762019 PMCID: PMC7520998 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbes active in extreme cold are not as well explored as those of other extreme environments. Studies have revealed a substantial microbial diversity and identified cold-specific microbiome molecular functions. We analyzed the metagenomes and metatranscriptomes of 20 snow samples collected in early and late spring in Svalbard, Norway using mi-faser, our read-based computational microbiome function annotation tool. Our results reveal a more diverse microbiome functional capacity and activity in the early- vs. late-spring samples. We also find that functional dissimilarity between the same-sample metagenomes and metatranscriptomes is significantly higher in early than late spring samples. These findings suggest that early spring samples may contain a larger fraction of DNA of dormant (or dead) organisms, while late spring samples reflect a new, metabolically active community. We further show that the abundance of sequencing reads mapping to the fatty acid synthesis-related microbial pathways in late spring metagenomes and metatranscriptomes is significantly correlated with the organic acid levels measured in these samples. Similarly, the organic acid levels correlate with the pathway read abundances of geraniol degradation and inversely correlate with those of styrene degradation, suggesting a possible nutrient change. Our study thus highlights the activity of microbial degradation pathways of complex organic compounds previously unreported at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengsheng Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA
| | - Maximilian Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA
| | - Nicholas Lusskin
- Department of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA
| | - Benoît Bergk Pinto
- Environmental Microbial GenomicsLaboratoire AmpereEcole Centrale de LyonCNRS UMR 5005Université de LyonEcullyFrance
| | - Lorrie Maccario
- Environmental Microbial GenomicsLaboratoire AmpereEcole Centrale de LyonCNRS UMR 5005Université de LyonEcullyFrance
- Section of MicrobiologyCopenhagen UniversityCopenhagen ØDenmark
| | - Max Häggblom
- Department of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA
| | - Timothy Vogel
- Environmental Microbial GenomicsLaboratoire AmpereEcole Centrale de LyonCNRS UMR 5005Université de LyonEcullyFrance
| | - Catherine Larose
- Environmental Microbial GenomicsLaboratoire AmpereEcole Centrale de LyonCNRS UMR 5005Université de LyonEcullyFrance
| | - Yana Bromberg
- Department of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA
- Department of GeneticsHuman Genetics InstituteRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJUSA
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17
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Samhani C, Larose C, Pascal V, Ganne-Devonec M, Klein M, Leininger-Muller B, Eschwege P, Guerci B, Feigerlova E. Prévalence des événements cardiovasculaires dans une cohorte des personnes transgenres bénéficiant le traitement hormonal du sexe désiré. Annales d'Endocrinologie 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2020.07.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Holland AT, Bergk Pinto B, Layton R, Williamson CJ, Anesio AM, Vogel TM, Larose C, Tranter M. Over Winter Microbial Processes in a Svalbard Snow Pack: An Experimental Approach. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1029. [PMID: 32547512 PMCID: PMC7273115 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Snow packs cover large expanses of Earth’s land surface, making them integral components of the cryosphere in terms of past climate and atmospheric proxies, surface albedo regulators, insulators for other Arctic environments and habitats for diverse microbial communities such as algae, bacteria and fungi. Yet, most of our current understanding of snow pack environments, specifically microbial activity and community interaction, is limited to the main microbial growing season during spring ablation. At present, little is known about microbial activity and its influence on nutrient cycling during the subfreezing temperatures and 24-h darkness of the polar winter. Here, we examined microbial dynamics in a simulated cold (−5°C), dark snow pack to determine polar winter season microbial activity and its dependence on critical nutrients. Snow collected from Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard was incubated in the dark over a 5-week period with four different nutrient additions, including glacial mineral particles, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) and a combined treatment of DIN plus DIP. Data indicate a consumption of dissolved inorganic nutrients, particularly DIN, by heterotrophic communities, suggesting a potential nitrogen limitation, contradictory to phosphorus limitations found in most aquatic environments. 16S amplicon sequencing also reveal a clear difference in microbial community composition in the particulate mineral treatment compared to dissolved nutrient treatments and controls, suggesting that certain species of heterotrophs living within the snow pack are more likely to associate with particulates. Particulate phosphorus analyses indicate a potential ability of heterotrophic communities to access particulate sources of phosphorous, possibly explaining the lack of phosphorus limitation. These findings have importance for understanding microbial activity during the polar winter season and its potential influences on the abundance and bioavailability of nutrients released to surface ice and downstream environments during the ablation season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra T Holland
- Bristol Glaciology Centre, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Benoît Bergk Pinto
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, CNRS, École Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Rose Layton
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, CNRS, École Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,ENOVEO, Lyon, France
| | - Christopher J Williamson
- Bristol Glaciology Centre, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandre M Anesio
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Timothy M Vogel
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, CNRS, École Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Catherine Larose
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, CNRS, École Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Martyn Tranter
- Bristol Glaciology Centre, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Els N, Greilinger M, Reisecker M, Tignat-Perrier R, Baumann-Stanzer K, Kasper-Giebl A, Sattler B, Larose C. Comparison of Bacterial and Fungal Composition and Their Chemical Interaction in Free Tropospheric Air and Snow Over an Entire Winter Season at Mount Sonnblick, Austria. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:980. [PMID: 32508790 PMCID: PMC7251065 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the interactions of air and snow over one entire winter accumulation period as well as the importance of chemical markers in a pristine free-tropospheric environment to explain variation in a microbiological dataset. To overcome the limitations of short term bioaerosol sampling, we sampled the atmosphere continuously onto quartzfiber air filters using a DIGITEL high volume PM10 sampler. The bacterial and fungal communities, sequenced using Illumina MiSeq, as well as the chemical components of the atmosphere were compared to those of a late season snow profile. Results reveal strong dynamics in the composition of bacterial and fungal communities in air and snow. In fall the two compartments were similar, suggesting a strong interaction between them. The overlap diminished as the season progressed due to an evolution within the snowpack throughout winter and spring. Certain bacterial and fungal genera were only detected in air samples, which implies that a distinct air microbiome might exist. These organisms are likely not incorporated in clouds and thus not precipitated or scavenged in snow. Although snow appears to be seeded by the atmosphere, both air and snow showed differing bacterial and fungal communities and chemical composition. Season and alpha diversity were major drivers for microbial variability in snow and air, and only a few chemical markers were identified as important in explaining microbial diversity. Air microbial community variation was more related to chemical markers than snow microbial composition. For air microbial communities Cl–, TC/OC, SO42–, Mg2+, and Fe/Al, all compounds related to dust or anthropogenic activities, were identified as related to bacterial variability while dust related Ca2+ was significant in snow. The only common driver for snow and air was SO42–, a tracer for anthropogenic sources. The occurrence of chemical compounds was coupled with boundary layer injections in the free troposphere (FT). Boundary layer injections also caused the observed variations in community composition and chemistry between the two compartments. Long-term monitoring is required for a more valid insight in post-depositional selection in snow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Els
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marion Greilinger
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria.,Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik (ZAMG), Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Reisecker
- Avalanche Warning Service Tyrol, Department of Civil Protection, Federal State Government of Tyrol, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Romie Tignat-Perrier
- Environmental Microbial Genomics Group, Laboratoire Ampère, École Centrale de Lyon, Écully, France
| | | | - Anne Kasper-Giebl
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Sattler
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Catherine Larose
- Environmental Microbial Genomics Group, Laboratoire Ampère, École Centrale de Lyon, Écully, France
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20
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Tignat-Perrier R, Dommergue A, Thollot A, Magand O, Amato P, Joly M, Sellegri K, Vogel TM, Larose C. Seasonal shift in airborne microbial communities. Sci Total Environ 2020; 716:137129. [PMID: 32044476 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms are ubiquitous in the atmosphere. Global investigations on the geographical and temporal distribution of airborne microbial communities are critical for identifying the sources and the factors shaping airborne communities. At mid-latitude sites, a seasonal shift in both the concentration and diversity of airborne microbial communities has been systematically observed in the planetary boundary layer. While the factors suspected of affecting this seasonal change were hypothesized (e.g., changes in the surface conditions, meteorological parameters and global air circulation), our understanding on how these factors influence the temporal variation of airborne microbial communities, especially at the microbial taxon level, remains limited. Here, we investigated the distribution of both airborne bacterial and fungal communities on a weekly basis over more than one year at the mid-latitude and continental site of puy de Dôme (France; +1465 m altitude above sea level). The seasonal shift in microbial community structure was likely correlated to the seasonal changes in the characteristics of puy de Dôme's landscape (croplands and natural vegetation). The airborne microbial taxa that were the most affected by seasonal changes trended differently throughout the seasons in relation with their trophic mode. In addition, the windy and variable local meteorological conditions found at puy de Dôme were likely responsible for the intraseasonal variability observed in the composition of airborne microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romie Tignat-Perrier
- Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France; Environmental Microbial Genomics, CNRS UMR 5005 Laboratoire Ampère, École Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Écully, France.
| | - Aurélien Dommergue
- Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France
| | - Alban Thollot
- Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Magand
- Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France
| | - Pierre Amato
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS UMR 6096 Université Clermont Auvergne-Sigma, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Muriel Joly
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS UMR 6096 Université Clermont Auvergne-Sigma, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Karine Sellegri
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS UMR 6096 Université Clermont Auvergne-Sigma, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Timothy M Vogel
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, CNRS UMR 5005 Laboratoire Ampère, École Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Écully, France
| | - Catherine Larose
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, CNRS UMR 5005 Laboratoire Ampère, École Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Écully, France
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21
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Keuschnig C, Gorfer M, Li G, Mania D, Frostegård Å, Bakken L, Larose C. NO and N 2 O transformations of diverse fungi in hypoxia: evidence for anaerobic respiration only in Fusarium strains. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:2182-2195. [PMID: 32157782 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fungal denitrification is claimed to produce non-negligible amounts of N2 O in soils, but few tested species have shown significant activity. We hypothesized that denitrifying fungi would be found among those with assimilatory nitrate reductase, and tested 20 such batch cultures for their respiratory metabolism, including two positive controls, Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium lichenicola, throughout the transition from oxic to anoxic conditions in media supplemented with NO 2 - . Enzymatic reduction of NO 2 - (NIR) and NO (NOR) was assessed by correcting measured NO- and N2 O-kinetics for abiotic NO- and N2 O-production (sterile controls). Significant anaerobic respiration was only confirmed for the positive controls and for two of three Fusarium solani cultures. The NO kinetics in six cultures showed NIR but not NOR activity, observed through the accumulation of NO. Others had NOR but not NIR activity, thus reducing abiotically produced NO to N2 O. The presence of candidate genes (nirK and p450nor) was confirmed in the positive controls, but not in some of the NO or N2 O accumulating cultures. Based on our results, we conclude that only the Fusarium cultures were able to sustain anaerobic respiration and produced low amounts of N2 O as a response to an abiotic NO production from the medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Keuschnig
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, CNRS UMR 5005, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 69134, Ecully Cedex, France
| | - Markus Gorfer
- Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Tulln, Austria
| | - Guofen Li
- Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Tulln, Austria
| | - Daniel Mania
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432, Aas, Norway
| | - Åsa Frostegård
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432, Aas, Norway
| | - Lars Bakken
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432, Aas, Norway
| | - Catherine Larose
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, CNRS UMR 5005, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 69134, Ecully Cedex, France
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22
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Long J, Larose C, Lanchon C, Fiard G, Rambeaud J, Descotes J. Néo-vessie de remplacement robotisée intra-corporelle selon Studer. Astuces pour une standardisation de la technique. Prog Urol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2019.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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23
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Bergk Pinto B, Maccario L, Dommergue A, Vogel TM, Larose C. Do Organic Substrates Drive Microbial Community Interactions in Arctic Snow? Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2492. [PMID: 31749784 PMCID: PMC6842950 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of nutrients on microbial interactions, including competition and collaboration, has mainly been studied in laboratories, but their potential application to complex ecosystems is unknown. Here, we examined the effect of changes in organic acids among other parameters on snow microbial communities in situ over 2 months. We compared snow bacterial communities from a low organic acid content period to that from a higher organic acid period. We hypothesized that an increase in organic acids would shift the dominant microbial interaction from collaboration to competition. To evaluate microbial interactions, we built taxonomic co-variance networks from OTUs obtained from 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In addition, we tracked marker genes of microbial cooperation (plasmid backbone genes) and competition (antibiotic resistance genes) across both sampling periods in metagenomes and metatranscriptomes. Our results showed a decrease in the average connectivity of the network during late spring compared to the early spring that we interpreted as a decrease of cooperation. This observation was strengthened by the significantly more abundant plasmid backbone genes in the metagenomes from the early spring. The modularity of the network from the late spring was also found to be higher than the one from the early spring, which is another possible indicator of increased competition. Antibiotic resistance genes were significantly more abundant in the late spring metagenomes. In addition, antibiotic resistance genes were also positively correlated to the organic acid concentration of the snow across both seasons. Snow organic acid content might be responsible for this change in bacterial interactions in the Arctic snow community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Bergk Pinto
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, École Centrale de Lyon, UMR CNRS 5005, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Lorrie Maccario
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, École Centrale de Lyon, UMR CNRS 5005, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Aurélien Dommergue
- Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Grenoble, France
| | - Timothy M Vogel
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, École Centrale de Lyon, UMR CNRS 5005, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Catherine Larose
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, École Centrale de Lyon, UMR CNRS 5005, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
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24
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Baloh P, Els N, David RO, Larose C, Whitmore K, Sattler B, Grothe H. Assessment of Artificial and Natural Transport Mechanisms of Ice Nucleating Particles in an Alpine Ski Resort in Obergurgl, Austria. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2278. [PMID: 31636618 PMCID: PMC6788259 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial snow production is a crucial part of modern skiing resorts in Austria and globally, and will develop even more so with changing precipitation patterns and a warming climate trend. Producing artificial snow requires major investments in energy, water, infrastructure and manpower for skiing resorts. In addition to appropriate meteorological conditions, the efficiency of artificial snow production depends on heterogeneous ice-nucleation, which can occur at temperatures as high as -2°C when induced by specific bacterial ice nucleating particles (INPs). We aimed to investigate the presence, source and ice nucleating properties of these particles in the water cycle of an alpine ski resort in Obergurgl, Tyrol, Austria. We sampled artificial snow, river water, water pumped from a storage pond and compared it to samples collected from fresh natural snow and aged piste snow from the area. Particles from each sampled system were characterized in order to determine their transport mechanisms at a ski resort. We applied a physical droplet freezing assay [DRoplet Ice Nuclei Counter Zurich (DRINCZ)] to heated and unheated samples to characterize the biological and non-biological component of IN-activity. Bacterial abundance and community structure of the samples was obtained using quantitative PCR and Illumina Mi-Seq Amplicon Sequencing, and their chemical properties were determined by liquid ion-chromatography, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show the flow of biological and inorganic material from the river to the slopes, an uptake of new microorganisms through the air and the piping, and possible proliferation or introduction of ice nucleation active biological particles in aged piste snow. Natural snow, as the first stage in this system, had the lowest amount of ice nucleation active particles and the least amount of biological and mineral particles in general, yet shares some microbial characteristics with fresh artificial snow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Baloh
- Institute for Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nora Els
- Lake and Glacier Research Group, Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Robert O David
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Larose
- Laboratoire Ampère, Environmental Microbial Genomics, École Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Écully, France
| | - Karin Whitmore
- University Service Center for Transmission Electron Microscopy, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Sattler
- Lake and Glacier Research Group, Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hinrich Grothe
- Institute for Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
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25
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Tignat-Perrier R, Dommergue A, Thollot A, Keuschnig C, Magand O, Vogel TM, Larose C. Global airborne microbial communities controlled by surrounding landscapes and wind conditions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14441. [PMID: 31595018 PMCID: PMC6783533 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51073-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The atmosphere is an important route for transporting and disseminating microorganisms over short and long distances. Understanding how microorganisms are distributed in the atmosphere is critical due to their role in public health, meteorology and atmospheric chemistry. In order to determine the dominant processes that structure airborne microbial communities, we investigated the diversity and abundance of both bacteria and fungi from the PM10 particle size (particulate matter of 10 micrometers or less in diameter) as well as particulate matter chemistry and local meteorological characteristics over time at nine different meteorological stations around the world. The bacterial genera Bacillus and Sphingomonas as well as the fungal species Pseudotaeniolina globaosa and Cladophialophora proteae were the most abundant taxa of the dataset, although their relative abundances varied greatly based on sampling site. Bacterial and fungal concentration was the highest at the high-altitude and semi-arid plateau of Namco (China; 3.56 × 106 ± 3.01 × 106 cells/m3) and at the high-altitude and vegetated mountain peak Storm-Peak (Colorado, USA; 8.78 × 104 ± 6.49 × 104 cells/m3), respectively. Surrounding ecosystems, especially within a 50 km perimeter of our sampling stations, were the main contributors to the composition of airborne microbial communities. Temporal stability in the composition of airborne microbial communities was mainly explained by the diversity and evenness of the surrounding landscapes and the wind direction variability over time. Airborne microbial communities appear to be the result of large inputs from nearby sources with possible low and diluted inputs from distant sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romie Tignat-Perrier
- Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France. .,Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Ecully, France.
| | - Aurélien Dommergue
- Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France
| | - Alban Thollot
- Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France
| | - Christoph Keuschnig
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Ecully, France
| | - Olivier Magand
- Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France
| | - Timothy M Vogel
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Ecully, France
| | - Catherine Larose
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Ecully, France
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26
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Hoyos-Hernandez C, Courbert C, Simonucci C, David S, Vogel TM, Larose C. Community structure and functional genes in radionuclide contaminated soils in Chernobyl and Fukushima. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 366:5556529. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Chernobyl and Fukushima were subjected to radionuclide (RN) contamination that has led to environmental problems. In order to explore the ability of microorganisms to survive in these environments, we used a combined 16S rRNA and metagenomic approach to describe the prokaryotic community structure and metabolic potential over a gradient of RN concentrations (137Cs 1680–0.4 and 90Sr 209.1–1.9 kBq kg−1) in soil samples. The taxonomic results showed that samples with low 137Cs content (37.8–0.4 kBq kg−1) from Fukushima and Chernobyl clustered together. In order to determine the effect of soil chemical parameters such as organic carbon (OC), Cesium-137 (137Cs) and Strontium-90 (90Sr) on the functional potential of microbial communities, multiple predictor model analysis using piecewiseSEM was carried out on Chernobyl soil metagenomes. The model identified 46 genes that were correlated to these parameters of which most have previously been described as mechanisms used by microorganisms under stress conditions. This study provides a baseline taxonomic and metagenomic dataset for Fukushima and Chernobyl, respectively, including physical and chemical characteristics. Our results pave the way for evaluating the possible RN selective pressure that might contribute to shaping microbial community structure and their functions in contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Hoyos-Hernandez
- Laboratoire sur le devenir des pollutions de sites radioactifs, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, 31 avenue de la Division Leclerc, 92320, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - Christelle Courbert
- Laboratoire sur le devenir des pollutions de sites radioactifs, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, 31 avenue de la Division Leclerc, 92320, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - Caroline Simonucci
- Laboratoire sur le devenir des pollutions de sites radioactifs, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, 31 avenue de la Division Leclerc, 92320, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
- Laboratoire d'expertise et d'intervention en radioprotection Nord, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, 31 avenue de la Division Leclerc, 92320 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Sebastien David
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampere, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 36 avenue Guy de Collongue 69134, Ecully, France
| | - Timothy M Vogel
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampere, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 36 avenue Guy de Collongue 69134, Ecully, France
| | - Catherine Larose
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampere, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 36 avenue Guy de Collongue 69134, Ecully, France
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27
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Dommergue A, Amato P, Tignat-Perrier R, Magand O, Thollot A, Joly M, Bouvier L, Sellegri K, Vogel T, Sonke JE, Jaffrezo JL, Andrade M, Moreno I, Labuschagne C, Martin L, Zhang Q, Larose C. Methods to Investigate the Global Atmospheric Microbiome. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:243. [PMID: 30967843 PMCID: PMC6394204 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay between microbes and atmospheric physical and chemical conditions is an open field of research that can only be fully addressed using multidisciplinary approaches. The lack of coordinated efforts to gather data at representative temporal and spatial scales limits aerobiology to help understand large scale patterns of global microbial biodiversity and its causal relationships with the environmental context. This paper presents the sampling strategy and analytical protocols developed in order to integrate different fields of research such as microbiology, -omics biology, atmospheric chemistry, physics and meteorology to characterize atmospheric microbial life. These include control of chemical and microbial contaminations from sampling to analysis and identification of experimental procedures for characterizing airborne microbial biodiversity and its functioning from the atmospheric samples collected at remote sites from low cell density environments. We used high-volume sampling strategy to address both chemical and microbial composition of the atmosphere, because it can help overcome low aerosol and microbial cell concentrations. To account for contaminations, exposed and unexposed control filters were processed along with the samples. We present a method that allows for the extraction of chemical and biological data from the same quartz filters. We tested different sampling times, extraction kits and methods to optimize DNA yield from filters. Based on our results, we recommend supplementary sterilization steps to reduce filter contamination induced by handling and transport. These include manipulation under laminar flow hoods and UV sterilization. In terms of DNA extraction, we recommend a vortex step and a heating step to reduce binding to the quartz fibers of the filters. These steps have led to a 10-fold increase in DNA yield, allowing for downstream omics analysis of air samples. Based on our results, our method can be integrated into pre-existing long-term monitoring field protocols for the atmosphere both in terms of atmospheric chemistry and biology. We recommend using standardized air volumes and to develop standard operating protocols for field users to better control the operational quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelien Dommergue
- Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France
| | - Pierre Amato
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, UMR6096 CNRS–Université Clermont Auvergne-Sigma, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Romie Tignat-Perrier
- Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France
- CNRS UMR 5005, Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, École Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Ecully, France
| | - Olivier Magand
- Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France
| | - Alban Thollot
- Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France
- CNRS UMR 5005, Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, École Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Ecully, France
| | - Muriel Joly
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, UMR6096 CNRS–Université Clermont Auvergne-Sigma, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laetitia Bouvier
- Laboratory for Meteorological Physics (LaMP), Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Karine Sellegri
- Laboratory for Meteorological Physics (LaMP), Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Timothy Vogel
- CNRS UMR 5005, Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, École Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Ecully, France
| | - Jeroen E. Sonke
- Géosciences Environnement Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Luc Jaffrezo
- Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France
| | - Marcos Andrade
- Laboratory for Atmospheric Physics, Institute for Physics Research, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Isabel Moreno
- Laboratory for Atmospheric Physics, Institute for Physics Research, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | | | - Lynwill Martin
- South African Weather Service, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Qianggong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Catherine Larose
- CNRS UMR 5005, Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, École Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Ecully, France
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Maccario L, Carpenter SD, Deming JW, Vogel TM, Larose C. Sources and selection of snow-specific microbial communities in a Greenlandic sea ice snow cover. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2290. [PMID: 30783153 PMCID: PMC6381142 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38744-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sea ice and its snow cover are critical for global processes including climate regulation and biogeochemical cycles. Despite an increase in studies focused on snow microorganisms, the ecology of snow inhabitants remains unclear. In this study, we investigated sources and selection of a snowpack-specific microbial community by comparing metagenomes from samples collected in a Greenlandic fjord within a vertical profile including atmosphere, snowpack with four distinct layers of snow, sea ice brine and seawater. Microbial communities in all snow layers derived from mixed sources, both marine and terrestrial, and were more similar to atmospheric communities than to sea ice or seawater communities. The surface snow metagenomes were characterized by the occurrence of genes involved in photochemical stress resistance, primary production and metabolism of diverse carbon sources. The basal saline snow layer that was in direct contact with the sea ice surface harbored a higher abundance of cells than the overlying snow layers, with a predominance of Alteromonadales and a higher relative abundance of marine representatives. However, the overall taxonomic structure of the saline layer was more similar to that of other snow layers and the atmosphere than to underlying sea ice and seawater. The expulsion of relatively nutrient-rich sea ice brine into basal snow might have stimulated the growth of copiotrophic psychro- and halotolerant snow members. Our study indicates that the size, composition and function of snowpack microbial communities over sea ice were influenced primarily by atmospheric deposition and inflow of sea ice brine and that they form a snow-specific assemblage reflecting the particular environmental conditions of the snowpack habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorrie Maccario
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, CNRS, École Centrale de Lyon, Écully, France.
- Microbiology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | - Jody W Deming
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Timothy M Vogel
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, CNRS, École Centrale de Lyon, Écully, France
| | - Catherine Larose
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, CNRS, École Centrale de Lyon, Écully, France
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29
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Müller JB, Ramos DT, Larose C, Fernandes M, Lazzarin HSC, Vogel TM, Corseuil HX. Combined iron and sulfate reduction biostimulation as a novel approach to enhance BTEX and PAH source-zone biodegradation in biodiesel blend-contaminated groundwater. J Hazard Mater 2017; 326:229-236. [PMID: 28033549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The use of biodiesel as a transportation fuel and its growing mandatory blending percentage in diesel increase the likelihood of contaminating groundwater with diesel/biodiesel blends. A 100L-field experiment with B20 (20% biodiesel and 80% diesel, v/v) was conducted to assess the potential for the combined biostimulation of iron and sulfate reducing bacteria to enhance BTEX and PAH biodegradation in a diesel/biodiesel blend-contaminated groundwater. A B20 field experiment under monitored natural attenuation (MNA) was used as a baseline control. Ammonium acetate and a low-cost and sustainable product recovered from acid mine drainage treatment were used to stimulate iron and sulfate-reducing conditions. As a result, benzene and naphthalene concentrations (maximum concentrations were 28.1μgL-1 and 10.0μgL-1, respectively) remained lower than the MNA experiment (maximum concentrations were 974.7μgL-1 and 121.3μgL-1, respectively) over the whole experiment. Geochemical changes were chronologically consistent with the temporal change of the predominance of Geobacter and GOUTA19 which might be the key players responsible for the rapid attenuation of benzene and naphthalene. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first field experiment to demonstrate the potential for the combined iron and sulfate biostimulation to enhance B20 source-zone biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana B Müller
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Débora T Ramos
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Catherine Larose
- Environmental Microbial Genomics Group, Laboratoire Ampère, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5005, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, USC1407, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Ecully, France.
| | - Marilda Fernandes
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Helen S C Lazzarin
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Timothy M Vogel
- Environmental Microbial Genomics Group, Laboratoire Ampère, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5005, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, USC1407, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Ecully, France.
| | - Henry X Corseuil
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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30
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Fedrizzi F, Ramos DT, Lazzarin HSC, Fernandes M, Larose C, Vogel TM, Corseuil HX. A Modified Approach for in Situ Chemical Oxidation Coupled to Biodegradation Enhances Light Nonaqueous Phase Liquid Source-Zone Remediation. Environ Sci Technol 2017; 51:463-472. [PMID: 27935684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Field and batch experiments were conducted to assess whether a modified approach for in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) (with MgO2 and Fe2O3 particles recovered from acid mine drainage treatment) can enhance LNAPL (light nonaqueous phase liquid) dissolution and produce bioavailable soluble compounds. This modified ISCO approach was coupled to biodegradation to further remove residual compounds by microbially mediated processes. Pure palm biodiesel (B100) was chosen to represent a poorly water-soluble compound that behaves like LNAPLs, and 100 L was released to a 2 m2 area excavated down to the water table. A past adjacent B100-field experiment under natural attenuation was conducted as a baseline control. Results demonstrated the enhancement of organic compound dissolution and production of soluble compounds due to the modified in situ chemical oxidation. The slow release of H2O2 by MgO2 decomposition (termed partial chemical oxidation) and production of soluble compounds allowed the stimulation of microbial growth and promoted a beneficial response in microbial communities involved in oxidized biodiesel compound biodegradation. This is the first field experiment to demonstrate that this modified ISCO approach coupled to biodegradation could be a feasible strategy for the removal of poorly water-soluble compounds (e.g., biodiesel) and prevent the long-term effects generally posed in source zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciele Fedrizzi
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina , Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Débora T Ramos
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina , Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Helen S C Lazzarin
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina , Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Marilda Fernandes
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina , Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Catherine Larose
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampere, CNRS, École Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon , Ecully, France
| | - Timothy M Vogel
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampere, CNRS, École Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon , Ecully, France
| | - Henry X Corseuil
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina , Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Abstract
Snow and ice environments cover up to 21% of the Earth's surface. They have been regarded as extreme environments because of their low temperatures, high UV irradiation, low nutrients and low water availability, and thus, their microbial activity has not been considered relevant from a global microbial ecology viewpoint. In this review, we focus on why snow and ice habitats might not be extreme from a microbiological perspective. Microorganisms interact closely with the abiotic conditions imposed by snow and ice habitats by having diverse adaptations, that include genetic resistance mechanisms, to different types of stresses in addition to inhabiting various niches where these potential stresses might be reduced. The microbial communities inhabiting snow and ice are not only abundant and taxonomically diverse, but complex in terms of their interactions. Altogether, snow and ice seem to be true ecosystems with a role in global biogeochemical cycles that has likely been underestimated. Future work should expand past resistance studies to understanding the function of these ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorrie Maccario
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, CNRS UMR 5005, Université de Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, 69134 Ecully, France
| | - Laura Sanguino
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, CNRS UMR 5005, Université de Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, 69134 Ecully, France
| | - Timothy M Vogel
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, CNRS UMR 5005, Université de Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, 69134 Ecully, France
| | - Catherine Larose
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, CNRS UMR 5005, Université de Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, 69134 Ecully, France.
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32
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Sanguino L, Franqueville L, Vogel TM, Larose C. Linking environmental prokaryotic viruses and their host through CRISPRs. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2015; 91:fiv046. [PMID: 25908869 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiv046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ecological pressure that viruses place on microbial communities is not only based on predation, but also on gene transfer. In order to determine the potential impact of viruses and transduction, we need a better understanding of the dynamics of interactions between viruses and their hosts in the environment. Data on environmental viruses are scarce, and methods for tracking their interactions with prokaryotes are needed. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs), which contain viral sequences in bacterial genomes, might help document the history of virus-host interactions in the environment. In this study, a bioinformatics network linking viruses and their hosts using CRISPR sequences obtained from metagenomic data was developed and applied to metagenomes from Arctic glacial ice and soil. The application of our network approach showed that putative interactions were more commonly detected in the ice samples than the soil which would be consistent with the ice viral-bacterial interactions being more dynamic than those in soil. Further analysis of the viral sequences in the CRISPRs indicated that Ralstonia phages might be agents of transduction in the Arctic glacial ice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sanguino
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, CNRS UMR 5005, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, 69134 Ecully, France
| | - Laure Franqueville
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, CNRS UMR 5005, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, 69134 Ecully, France
| | - Timothy M Vogel
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, CNRS UMR 5005, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, 69134 Ecully, France
| | - Catherine Larose
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, CNRS UMR 5005, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, 69134 Ecully, France
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33
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Maccario L, Vogel TM, Larose C. Potential drivers of microbial community structure and function in Arctic spring snow. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:413. [PMID: 25147550 PMCID: PMC4124603 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The Arctic seasonal snowpack can extend at times over a third of the Earth’s land surface. This chemically dynamic environment interacts constantly with different environmental compartments such as atmosphere, soil and meltwater, and thus, strongly influences the entire biosphere. However, the microbial community associated with this habitat remains poorly understood. Our objective was to investigate the functional capacities, diversity and dynamics of the microorganisms in snow and to test the hypothesis that their functional signature reflects the snow environment. We applied a metagenomic approach to nine snow samples taken over 2 months during the spring season. Fungi, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria were predominant in metagenomic datasets and changes in community structure were apparent throughout the field season. Functional data that strongly correlated with chemical parameters like mercury or nitrogen species supported that this variation could be explained by fluctuations in environmental conditions. Through inter-environmental comparisons we examined potential drivers of snowpack microbial community functioning. Known cold adaptations were detected in all compared environments without any apparent differences in their relative abundance, implying that adaptive mechanisms related to environmental factors other than temperature may play a role in defining the snow microbial community. Photochemical reactions and oxidative stress seem to be decisive parameters in structuring microbial communities inside Arctic snowpacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorrie Maccario
- CNRS UMR 5005, Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, École Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon Ecully, France
| | - Timothy M Vogel
- CNRS UMR 5005, Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, École Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon Ecully, France
| | - Catherine Larose
- CNRS UMR 5005, Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, École Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon Ecully, France
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34
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Larose C, Prestat E, Cecillon S, Berger S, Malandain C, Lyon D, Ferrari C, Schneider D, Dommergue A, Vogel TM. Interactions between snow chemistry, mercury inputs and microbial population dynamics in an Arctic snowpack. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79972. [PMID: 24282515 PMCID: PMC3839931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the interactions between snowpack chemistry, mercury (Hg) contamination and microbial community structure and function in Arctic snow. Snowpack chemistry (inorganic and organic ions) including mercury (Hg) speciation was studied in samples collected during a two-month field study in a high Arctic site, Svalbard, Norway (79 °N). Shifts in microbial community structure were determined by using a 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic microarray. We linked snowpack and meltwater chemistry to changes in microbial community structure by using co-inertia analyses (CIA) and explored changes in community function due to Hg contamination by q-PCR quantification of Hg-resistance genes in metagenomic samples. Based on the CIA, chemical and microbial data were linked (p = 0.006) with bioavailable Hg (BioHg) and methylmercury (MeHg) contributing significantly to the ordination of samples. Mercury was shown to influence community function with increases in merA gene copy numbers at low BioHg levels. Our results show that snowpacks can be considered as dynamic habitats with microbial and chemical components responding rapidly to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Larose
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampere, CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Ecully, France
| | - Emmanuel Prestat
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampere, CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Ecully, France
| | - Sébastien Cecillon
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampere, CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Ecully, France
| | - Sibel Berger
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampere, CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Ecully, France
| | | | - Delina Lyon
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampere, CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Ecully, France
| | - Christophe Ferrari
- Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1/CNRS, LGGE, Saint Martin d’Hères, France
| | - Dominique Schneider
- Laboratoire Adaptation et Pathogénie des Microorganismes, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble, Grenoble, France
- CNRS UMR 5163, Grenoble, France
| | - Aurélien Dommergue
- Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1/CNRS, LGGE, Saint Martin d’Hères, France
| | - Timothy M. Vogel
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampere, CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Ecully, France
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35
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Bowman JS, Larose C, Vogel TM, Deming JW. Selective occurrence of Rhizobiales in frost flowers on the surface of young sea ice near Barrow, Alaska and distribution in the polar marine rare biosphere. Environ Microbiol Rep 2013; 5:575-582. [PMID: 23864572 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Frost flowers are highly saline ice structures that grow on the surface of young sea ice, a spatially extensive environment of increasing importance in the Arctic Ocean. In a previous study, we reported organic components of frost flowers in the form of elevated levels of bacteria and exopolymers relative to underlying ice. Here, DNA was extracted from frost flowers and young sea ice, collected in springtime from a frozen lead offshore of Barrow, Alaska, to identify bacteria in these understudied environments. Evaluation of the distribution of 16S rRNA genes via four methods (microarray analysis, T-RFLP, clone library and shotgun metagenomic sequencing) indicated distinctive bacterial assemblages between the two environments, with frost flowers appearing to select for Rhizobiales. A phylogenetic placement approach, used to evaluate the distribution of similar Rhizobiales sequences in other polar marine studies, indicated that some of the observed strains represent widely distributed members of the marine rare biosphere in both the Arctic and Antarctic.
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MESH Headings
- Alaska
- Alphaproteobacteria/classification
- Alphaproteobacteria/isolation & purification
- Arctic Regions
- Biodiversity
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cluster Analysis
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/isolation & purification
- Ice Cover/microbiology
- Microarray Analysis
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phylogeny
- Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Bowman
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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36
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Larose C, Dommergue A, Vogel TM. The dynamic arctic snow pack: an unexplored environment for microbial diversity and activity. Biology (Basel) 2013; 2:317-30. [PMID: 24832663 PMCID: PMC4009867 DOI: 10.3390/biology2010317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Arctic environment is undergoing changes due to climate shifts, receiving contaminants from distant sources and experiencing increased human activity. Climate change may alter microbial functioning by increasing growth rates and substrate use due to increased temperature. This may lead to changes of process rates and shifts in the structure of microbial communities. Biodiversity may increase as the Arctic warms and population shifts occur as psychrophilic/psychrotolerant species disappear in favor of more mesophylic ones. In order to predict how ecological processes will evolve as a function of global change, it is essential to identify which populations participate in each process, how they vary physiologically, and how the relative abundance, activity and community structure will change under altered environmental conditions. This review covers aspects of the importance and implication of snowpack in microbial ecology emphasizing the diversity and activity of these critical members of cold zone ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Larose
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 36 avenue Guy de Collongue, 69134 Ecully, France.
| | - Aurélien Dommergue
- Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 / CNRS, LGGE, 54 rue Molière BP56, F-38402 Saint Martin d'Hères, France.
| | - Timothy M Vogel
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 36 avenue Guy de Collongue, 69134 Ecully, France.
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37
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Becques A, Larose C, Gouat P, Serra J. The mother's diet influences food choice made by newborn and eight-week-old kittens. J Vet Behav 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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38
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Machevin-Surugue E, Serero S, Leroy AC, Mulot V, Larose C. [Answer to reflections on the "Feasibility of chorionic villus sampling outside referral diagnosis centers"]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 41:198-9. [PMID: 22325020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgyn.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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39
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Marusczak N, Larose C, Dommergue A, Yumvihoze E, Lean D, Nedjai R, Ferrari C. Total mercury and methylmercury in high altitude surface snow from the French Alps. Sci Total Environ 2011; 409:3949-3954. [PMID: 21752427 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Revised: 06/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Surface snow samples were collected weekly from the 31st of December 2008 to the 21st of June 2009 from Lake Bramant in the French Alps. Total mercury (THg), total dissolved mercury (THgD), methylmercury (MeHg) and particle distributions in surface snow were analyzed. Results showed that THg concentrations, MeHg concentrations and particle load increased with snow surface temperature, which is an indicator of rising temperatures as the season progresses. Significant correlations between MeHg and snow surface temperature and MeHg and total particles greater than 10 μm were observed. This suggests that the MeHg found in the snow originates from atmospheric deposition processes rather than in situ snowpack sources. This study suggests that an important post-winter atmospheric deposition of MeHg and THg occurs on summital zones of the French Alps and it is likely that this contamination originates from the surrounding valleys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Marusczak
- Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l'Environnement (LGGE) CNRS UMR 5183, 54, rue Molière, Domaine Universitaire, B.P. 96, 38402 Saint Martin d'Hères, France
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40
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Abstract
Microbial ecologists can now start digging into the accumulating mountains of metagenomic data to uncover the occurrence of functional genes and their correlations to microbial community members. Limitations and biases in DNA extraction and sequencing technologies impact sequence distributions, and therefore, have to be considered. However, when comparing metagenomes from widely differing environments, these fluctuations have a relatively minor role in microbial community discrimination. As a consequence, any functional gene or species distribution pattern can be compared among metagenomes originating from various environments and projects. In particular, global comparisons would help to define ecosystem specificities, such as involvement and response to climate change (for example, carbon and nitrogen cycle), human health risks (eg, presence of pathogen species, toxin genes and viruses) and biodegradation capacities. Although not all scientists have easy access to high-throughput sequencing technologies, they do have access to the sequences that have been deposited in databases, and therefore, can begin to intensively mine these metagenomic data to generate hypotheses that can be validated experimentally. Information about metabolic functions and microbial species compositions can already be compared among metagenomes from different ecosystems. These comparisons add to our understanding about microbial adaptation and the role of specific microbes in different ecosystems. Concurrent with the rapid growth of sequencing technologies, we have entered a new age of microbial ecology, which will enable researchers to experimentally confirm putative relationships between microbial functions and community structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom O Delmont
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Ecully, France
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41
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Castro L, Dommergue A, Larose C, Ferrari C, Maron L. A Theoretical Study of Abiotic Methylation Reactions of Gaseous Elemental Mercury by Halogen-Containing Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:5602-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp200643n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Castro
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, LPCNO, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Aurélien Dommergue
- Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l’Environnement CNRS/Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I
| | - Catherine Larose
- Environmental Microbial Genomics Group, Laboratoire AMPERE, UMR CNRS 5005, Ecole Centrale de Lyon
| | - Christophe Ferrari
- Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l’Environnement CNRS/Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I
| | - Laurent Maron
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, LPCNO, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
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42
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Marusczak N, Larose C, Dommergue A, Paquet S, Beaulne JS, Maury-Brachet R, Lucotte M, Nedjai R, Ferrari CP. Mercury and methylmercury concentrations in high altitude lakes and fish (Arctic charr) from the French Alps related to watershed characteristics. Sci Total Environ 2011; 409:1909-1915. [PMID: 21371737 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations were measured in the muscle of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) and in the water column of 4 lakes that are located in the French Alps. Watershed characteristics were determined (6 coverage classes) for each lake in order to evaluate the influence of watershed composition on mercury and methylmercury concentrations in fish muscle and in the water column. THg and MeHg concentrations in surface water were relatively low and similar among lakes and watershed characteristics play a major role in determining water column Hg and MeHg levels. THg muscle concentrations for fish with either a standardized length of 220mm, a standardized age of 5 years or for individualuals did not exceed the 0.5mg kg(-1) fish consumption advisory limit established for Hg by the World Health Organization (WHO, 1990). These relatively low THg concentrations can be explained by watershed characteristics, which lead to short Hg residence time in the water column, and also by the short trophic chain that is characteristic of mountain lakes. Growth rate did not seem to influence THg concentrations in fish muscles of these lakes and we observed no relationship between fish Hg concentrations and altitude. This study shows that in the French Alps, high altitude lakes have relatively low THg and MeHg concentrations in both the water column and in Arctic charr populations. Therefore, Hg does not appear to present a danger for local populations and the fishermen of these lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Marusczak
- Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l'Environnement CNRS UMR 5183, 54, rue Molière, Domaine Universitaire, B.P. 96, 38402 Saint Martin d'Hères, France
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Larose C, Dommergue A, Marusczak N, Coves J, Ferrari CP, Schneider D. Bioavailable mercury cycling in polar snowpacks. Environ Sci Technol 2011; 45:2150-2156. [PMID: 21341797 DOI: 10.1021/es103016x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Polar regions are subject to contamination by mercury (Hg) transported from lower latitudes, severely impacting human and animal health. Atmospheric Mercury Depletion Events (AMDEs) are an episodic process by which Hg is transferred from the atmospheric reservoir to arctic snowpacks. The fate of Hg deposited during these events is the subject of numerous studies, but its speciation remains unclear, especially in terms of environmentally relevant forms such as bioavailable mercury (BioHg). Here, using a bacterial mer-lux biosensor, we report the fraction of newly deposited Hg at the surface and at the bottom of the snowpack that is bioavailable. Snow samples were collected over a two-month arctic field campaign in 2008. In surface snow, BioHg is related to atmospheric Hg deposition and snow fall events were shown to contribute to higher proportions of BioHg than AMDEs. Based on our data, AMDEs represent a potential source of 20 t.y(-1) of BioHg, while wet and dry deposition pathways may provide 135-225 t.y(-1) of BioHg to Arctic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Larose
- Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l'Environnement, CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble, 54 Rue Molière, 38400 St Martin d'Hères, France
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Leroy AC, Mulot V, Larose C, Machevin-Surugue E. [Feasibility of chorionic villous sampling outside a prenatal diagnosis center]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 40:58-63. [PMID: 21067873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgyn.2010.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES According to new recommendations, a high combined risk for Down syndrome in the first trimester of pregnancy must indicate the need for a prenatal diagnosis. This is possible thanks to chorionic villous sampling. The objective of our study was to show that chorionic villous sampling is achievable in everyday practice, even outside research centers for pre-natal diagnosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS It was a descriptive, retrospective study. All the patients who underwent a chorionic villous sampling in our level II maternity center from November 2005 to September 2009 were included. Success and complications rates linked with the procedure were calculated. RESULTS One hundred and fourteen pregnancies were included. A definitive diagnosis was given in 98.25% of cases. A secondary amniocentesis was necessary in 1.75% of cases. A medical termination of the pregnancy was done in 18.42% of cases. Without accounting for underlying pathology, fetal loss rate was up to 5.75%. Only one case of unexpected fetal loss was noted (1.15% of the ongoing pregnancies). CONCLUSION Our study shows that the presence of trained professional allows for onsite performance chorionic villous sampling.
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Larose C, Berger S, Ferrari C, Navarro E, Dommergue A, Schneider D, Vogel TM. Microbial sequences retrieved from environmental samples from seasonal arctic snow and meltwater from Svalbard, Norway. Extremophiles 2010; 14:205-12. [PMID: 20066448 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-009-0299-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
16S rRNA gene (rrs) clone libraries were constructed from two snow samples (May 11, 2007 and June 7, 2007) and two meltwater samples collected during the spring of 2007 in Svalbard, Norway (79 degrees N). The libraries covered 19 different microbial classes, including Betaproteobacteria (21.3%), Sphingobacteria (16.4%), Flavobacteria (9.0%), Acidobacteria (7.7%) and Alphaproteobacteria (6.5%). Significant differences were detected between the two sets of sample libraries. First, the meltwater libraries had the highest community richness (Chao1: 103.2 and 152.2) and Shannon biodiversity indices (between 3.38 and 3.59), when compared with the snow libraries (Chao1: 14.8 and 59.7; Shannon index: 1.93 and 3.01). Second, integral-LIBSHUFF analyses determined that the bacterial communities in the snow libraries were significantly different from those of the meltwater libraries. Despite these differences, our data also support the theory that a common core group of microbial populations exist within a variety of cryohabitats. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00792-009-0299-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Larose
- Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l'Environnement (LGGE), UMR (CNRS/UJF) 5183, Université Joseph Fourier, 54 rue Molière, 38402 Saint Martin d'Hères Cedex, France.
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Dommergue A, Larose C, Faïn X, Clarisse O, Foucher D, Hintelmann H, Schneider D, Ferrari CP. Deposition of mercury species in the Ny-Alesund area (79 degrees N) and their transfer during snowmelt. Environ Sci Technol 2010; 44:901-7. [PMID: 20020679 DOI: 10.1021/es902579m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Arctic snowpacks are often considered as temporary reservoirs for atmospheric mercury (Hg) deposited during springtime deposition events (AMDEs). The fate of deposited species is of utmost importance because melt leads to the transfer of contaminants to snowmelt-fed ecosystems. Here, we examined the deposition, fate, and transfer of mercury species (total Hg (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg)) in an arctic environment from the beginning of mass deposition of Hg during AMDEs to the full melt of the snow. Following these events, important amounts of THg were deposited onto the snow surface with concentrations reaching 373 ng.L(-1) and estimated deposition fluxes of 200-2160 ng.m(-2). Most of the deposited Hg was re-emitted to the atmosphere via photochemical reactions. However, a fraction remained stored in the snow and we estimated that the spring melt contributed to an input of 1.5-3.6 kg.year(-1) of THg to the fjord (i.e., 8-21% of the fjord's THg content). A monitoring of MeHg in snow using a new technique (DGT sensors) is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Dommergue
- Universite Joseph Fourier - Grenoble, 38402 Saint Martin d'Heres, France.
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Becques A, Larose C, Gouat P, Serra J. Effects of Pre- and Postnatal Olfactogustatory Experience on Early Preferences at Birth and Dietary Selection at Weaning in Kittens. Chem Senses 2009; 35:41-5. [DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjp080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Larose C, Canuel R, Lucotte M, Di Giulio RT. Toxicological effects of methylmercury on walleye (Sander vitreus) and perch (Perca flavescens) from lakes of the boreal forest. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2008; 147:139-49. [PMID: 17936077 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2007.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2007] [Revised: 08/30/2007] [Accepted: 08/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Biochemical and physiological responses of walleye (Sander vitreus) and perch (Perca flavescens) were studied in four Canadian boreal forest lakes representing a mercury (Hg) exposure gradient. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of Hg and methylmercury (MeHg) on the general physiological condition of fish as well as to gauge the relationship between MeHg and the glutathione (GSH) system in metal-contaminated and reference sites using a series of biomarkers. Walleye from Lake Malartic had the highest liver MeHg concentrations, exhibited lower hepatosomatic indices (HSI) and lower glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity. HSI was negatively related to liver total Hg concentrations in walleye (R2=0.33, n=108, P<0.0001). Glutathione reductase (GR) and GST activity for walleye from Lake Malartic were related to HSI (R2=0.38, n=25, P=0.0010; R2=0.46, n=27, P<0.0001, respectively). In Lake Desjardins-East, where perch had the highest liver MeHg concentrations, glutathione peroxidase selenium dependent activity (GSH-Px SD) and GST activity were negatively related to liver MeHg concentrations (R2=0.39, n=21, P=0.0026; R2=0.22, n=21, P=0.0298, respectively). This study suggests that Hg may induce adverse effects on the physiology and cellular metabolism of walleye and perch at environmentally relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Larose
- Université du Québec à Montréal, COMERN, Institute of Environmental Sciences, C.P.8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3P8
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Canuel R, de Grosbois SB, Lucotte M, Atikessé L, Larose C, Rheault I. New evidence on the effects of tea on mercury metabolism in humans. Arch Environ Occup Health 2006; 61:232-8. [PMID: 17891892 DOI: 10.3200/aeoh.61.5.232-238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The authors present the results of an experiment in which they explored the role of tea in human metabolic processing of methylmercury (MeHg) from fish consumption. The experiment involved 50 scientists from the Collaborative Mercury Research Network (COMERN) who agreed to eat fish for 2 daily meals for 3 consecutive days. Half of the participants also drank 6 cups of tea daily, starting a week before and continuing through the experiment. The authors calculated the total amount of MeHg that each participant ingested from (1) the measured mercury (Hg) level in fish and (2) the quantity of fish eaten, and compared it with the total increases of Hg and MeHg levels in participants' blood. Results indicated that the control group metabolized roughly 100% of the available fish MeHg, whereas the tea-exposed group showed blood levels of MeHg at more than 40% than that available in the fish provided, suggesting that an external MeHg pool supplied part of the measured blood MeHg increase. The authors conclude that tea may accelerate the enterohepatic MeHg cycle and contribute to a temporary bioamplification of MeHg in the bloodstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Canuel
- COMERN, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada.
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Larose C, Massoc P, Hillion Y, Bernard JP, Ville Y. Comparison of fetal nasal bone assessment by ultrasound at 11-14 weeks and by postmortem X-ray in trisomy 21: a prospective observational study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2003; 22:27-30. [PMID: 12858298 DOI: 10.1002/uog.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare nasal bone assessment by ultrasound examination at 11-14 weeks' gestation and postmortem X-ray examination in fetuses with trisomy 21. METHODS Twenty-one fetuses with trisomy 21 which had undergone sonographic examination at 11-14 weeks for measurement of nuchal translucency thickness and assessment of the nasal bones were examined by postmortem X-ray following termination of pregnancy. RESULTS The nasal bones were absent in 11/21 (52.4%) fetuses on ultrasound examination at 11-14 weeks and in 10/21 (47.6%) fetuses on X-ray examination at 14 to 25 + 5 weeks. Ultrasound and X-ray findings were discordant in 9/21 (42.9%) cases. Eight of 11 (72.7%) fetuses with absent nasal bones on ultrasound examination had a nuchal translucency thickness > 95th centile. CONCLUSION The high incidence of absent nasal bones in first-trimester fetuses with trisomy 21 is compatible with a developmental delay. Prior to inclusion of nasal bone assessment into risk calculation for trisomy 21, the independence of absence of nasal bones by ultrasound and increased nuchal translucency above the 95th centile at 11-14 weeks should be investigated more extensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Larose
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHI Poissy St Germain, Université Paris-Ouest, Poissy, France
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