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de Sousa É, de Mendonça M, Bolin AP, de Oliveira NP, Real CC, Hu X, Huang ZP, Wang DZ, Rodrigues AC. Sex-specific regulation of miR-22 and ERα in white adipose tissue of obese dam's female offspring impairs the early postnatal development of functional beige adipocytes in mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167057. [PMID: 38331111 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
During inguinal adipose tissue (iWAT) ontogenesis, beige adipocytes spontaneously appear between postnatal 10 (P10) and P20 and their ablation impairs iWAT browning capacity in adulthood. Since maternal obesity has deleterious effects on offspring iWAT function, we aimed to investigate its effect in spontaneous iWAT browning in offspring. Female C57BL/6 J mice were fed a control or obesogenic diet six weeks before mating. Male and female offspring were euthanized at P10 and P20 or weaned at P21 and fed chow diet until P60. At P50, mice were treated with saline or CL316,243, a β3-adrenoceptor agonist, for ten days. Maternal obesity induced insulin resistance at P60, and CL316,243 treatment effectively restored insulin sensitivity in male but not female offspring. This discrepancy occurred due to female offspring severe browning impairment. During development, the spontaneous iWAT browning and sympathetic nerve branching at P20 were severely impaired in female obese dam's offspring but occurred normally in males. Additionally, maternal obesity increased miR-22 expression in the iWAT of male and female offspring during development. ERα, a target and regulator of miR-22, was concomitantly upregulated in the male's iWAT. Next, we evaluated miR-22 knockout (KO) offspring at P10 and P20. The miR-22 deficiency does not affect spontaneous iWAT browning in females and, surprisingly, anticipates iWAT browning in males. In conclusion, maternal obesity impairs functional iWAT development in the offspring in a sex-specific way that seems to be driven by miR-22 levels and ERα signaling. This impacts adult browning capacity and glucose homeostasis, especially in female offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érica de Sousa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Mendonça
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Anaysa Paola Bolin
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nayara Preste de Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Xiaoyun Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhan-Peng Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Da-Zhi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alice Cristina Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Spelta LEW, Real CC, Bruno V, Buchpiguel CA, Garcia RCT, Torres LH, de Paula Faria D, Marcourakis T. Impact of cannabidiol on brain glucose metabolism of C57Bl/6 male mice previously exposed to cocaine. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25327. [PMID: 38588037 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Despite evidence of the beneficial effects of cannabidiol (CBD) in animal models of cocaine use disorder (CUD), CBD neuronal mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of CBD treatment on brain glucose metabolism, in a CUD animal model, using [18F]FDG positron emission tomography (PET). Male C57Bl/6 mice were injected with cocaine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) every other day for 9 days, followed by 8 days of CBD administration (30 mg/kg, i.p.). After 48 h, animals were challenged with cocaine. Control animals received saline/vehicle. [18F]FDG PET was performed at four time points: baseline, last day of sensitization, last day of withdrawal/CBD treatment, and challenge. Subsequently, the animals were euthanized and immunohistochemistry was performed on the hippocampus and amygdala to assess the CB1 receptors, neuronal nuclear protein, microglia (Iba1), and astrocytes (GFAP). Results showed that cocaine administration increased [18F]FDG uptake following sensitization. CBD treatment also increased [18F]FDG uptake in both saline and cocaine groups. However, animals that were sensitized and challenged with cocaine, and those receiving only an acute cocaine injection during the challenge phase, did not exhibit increased [18F]FDG uptake when treated with CBD. Furthermore, CBD induced modifications in the integrated density of NeuN, Iba, GFAP, and CB1R in the hippocampus and amygdala. This is the first study addressing the impact of CBD on brain glucose metabolism in a preclinical model of CUD using PET. Our findings suggest that CBD disrupts cocaine-induced changes in brain energy consumption and activity, which might be correlated with alterations in neuronal and glial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Emmanuela Wiazowski Spelta
- Laboratory of Neurotoxicology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Cristiano Real
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vitor Bruno
- Laboratory of Neurotoxicology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Buchpiguel
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Larissa Helena Torres
- Department of Food and Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Daniele de Paula Faria
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tania Marcourakis
- Laboratory of Neurotoxicology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Binda KH, Landau AM, Chacur M, Brooks DJ, Real CC. Treadmill exercise modulates nigral and hippocampal cannabinoid receptor type 1 in the 6-OHDA model of Parkinson's disease. Brain Res 2023; 1814:148436. [PMID: 37268248 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Physical exercise benefits Parkinson's disease (PD) patients but the mechanism is unclear. Cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) is known to be reduced in PD patients and animal models. We test the hypothesis that binding of the CB1R inverse agonist, [3H]SR141716A, is normalized by treadmill exercise in the toxin-induced 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) model of PD. Male rats had unilateral striatal injections of 6-OHDA or saline. After 15 days, half were submitted to treadmill exercise and half remained sedentary. [3H]SR141716A autoradiography was performed in postmortem tissue from striatum, substantia nigra (SN) and hippocampus. There was a 41% decrease of [3H]SR141716A specific binding in the ipsilateral SN of 6-OHDA-injected sedentary animals which was attenuated to 15% by exercise, when compared to saline-injected animals. No striatal differences were observed. A 30% bilateral hippocampal increase was observed in both healthy and 6-OHDA exercised groups. In addition, a positive correlation between nigral [3H]SR141716A binding and nociceptive threshold was observed in PD-exercised animals (p = 0.0008), suggesting a beneficial effect of exercise in the pain associated with the model. Chronic exercise can reduce the detrimental effects of PD on nigral [3H]SR141716A binding, similar to the reported reduction after dopamine replacement therapy, so should be considered as an adjunct therapy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Henrique Binda
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University and Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Anne M Landau
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University and Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Marucia Chacur
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroanatomy of Pain, Department of Anatomy, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - David J Brooks
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University and Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Institute of Translational and Clinical Research, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | - Caroline Cristiano Real
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University and Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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de Paula Faria D, D'Arc Campeiro J, de Souza Junqueira M, Real CC, Marques FLN, Hayashi MAF, Sapienza MT. [ 18F]FDG and [ 11C]PK11195 PET imaging in the evaluation of brown adipose tissue - effects of cold and pharmacological stimuli and their association with crotamine intake in a male mouse model. Nucl Med Biol 2023; 122-123:108362. [PMID: 37356164 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2023.108362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the role of positron emission tomography (PET) with [11C]PK11195 and [18F]FDG in the characterization of brown adipose tissue (BAT). METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were studied with the glucose analogue [18F]FDG (n = 21) and the TSPO mitochondrial tracer [11C]PK11195 (n = 28), without stimulus and after cold (6-9 °C) or beta-agonist (CL316243) stimuli. PET studies were performed at baseline and after 21 days of daily treatment with crotamine, which is a peptide described to induce adipocyte tissue browning and to increase BAT metabolism. Tracer uptake (SUVmax) was measured in the interscapular BAT and translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The cold stimulus increased [18F]FDG uptake compared to no-stimulus (5.21 ± 1.05 vs. 2.03 ± 0.21, p < 0.0001) and to beta-agonist stimulus (2.65 ± 0.39, p = 0.0003). After 21 days of treatment with crotamine, there was no significant difference in the [18F]FDG uptake compared to the baseline in the no-stimulus group and in the cold-stimulus group, with a significant increase in uptake after CL stimulus (baseline: 2.65 ± 0.39; 21 days crotamine: 4.77 ± 0.81, p = 0.0003). Evaluation of [11C]PK11195 at baseline shows that CL stimulus increases the BAT uptake compared to no-stimulus (4.47 ± 0.66 vs. 3.36 ± 0.68, p = 0.014). After 21 days of treatment with crotamine, there was no significant difference in the [11C]PK11195 uptake compared to the baseline in the no-stimulus group (2.94 ± 0.58, p = 0.7864) and also after CL stimulus (3.55 ± 0.79, p = 0.085). TSPO expression correlated with [11C]PK11195 uptake (r = 0.83, p = 0.018) but not with [18F]FDG uptake (r = 0.40, p = 0.516). CONCLUSIONS [11C]PK11195 allowed the identification of BAT under thermoneutral conditions or after beta3-adrenergic stimulation in a direct correlation with TSPO expression. The beta-adrenergic stimulus, despite presenting a lower intensity of glycolytic activation compared to cold at baseline, allowed the observation of an increase in BAT uptake of [18F]FDG after 21 days of crotamine administration. Although some limitations were observed for the metabolic changes induced by crotamine, this study reinforced the potential of using [11C]PK11195 and/or [18F]FDG-PET to monitor the activation of BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele de Paula Faria
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM 43), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joana D'Arc Campeiro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mara de Souza Junqueira
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (CTO), Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Cristiano Real
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM 43), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Fabio Luiz Navarro Marques
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM 43), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mirian Akemi Furuie Hayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Tatit Sapienza
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM 43), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Real CC, Binda KH, Thomsen MB, Lillethorup TP, Brooks DJ, Landau AM. Selecting the Best Animal Model of Parkinson's Disease for Your Research Purpose: Insight from in vivo PET Imaging Studies. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1241-1272. [PMID: 36797611 PMCID: PMC10286593 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230216101659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative multisystem disorder leading to motor and non-motor symptoms in millions of individuals. Despite intense research, there is still no cure, and early disease biomarkers are lacking. Animal models of PD have been inspired by basic elements of its pathogenesis, such as dopamine dysfunction, alpha-synuclein accumulation, neuroinflammation and disruption of protein degradation, and these have been crucial for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of pathology, the identification of biomarkers, and evaluation of novel therapies. Imaging biomarkers are non-invasive tools to assess disease progression and response to therapies; their discovery and validation have been an active field of translational research. Here, we highlight different considerations of animal models of PD that can be applied to future research, in terms of their suitability to answer different research questions. We provide the reader with important considerations of the best choice of model to use based on the disease features of each model, including issues related to different species. In addition, positron emission tomography studies conducted in PD animal models in the last 5 years are presented. With a variety of different species, interventions and genetic information, the choice of the most appropriate model to answer research questions can be daunting, especially since no single model recapitulates all aspects of this complex disorder. Appropriate animal models in conjunction with in vivo molecular imaging tools, if selected properly, can be a powerful combination for the assessment of novel therapies and developing tools for early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Cristiano Real
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karina Henrique Binda
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Majken Borup Thomsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thea Pinholt Lillethorup
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David James Brooks
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute of Translational and Clinical Research, University of Newcastle, Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anne Marlene Landau
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Spelta LEW, Real CC, Buchpiguel CA, de Paula Faria D, Marcourakis T. [ 18 F]FDG brain uptake of C57Bl/6 male mice is affected by locomotor activity after cocaine use: A small animal positron emission tomography study. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:1876-1889. [PMID: 35779255 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We verified if cocaine-induced peripheral activation might disrupt [18 F]FDG brain uptake after a cocaine challenge and suggested an optimal protocol to measure cocaine-induced brain metabolic alterations in mice. C57Bl/6 male mice were injected with [18 F]FDG and randomly separated into three groups. Groups 1 and 2 were kept conscious after [18 F]FDG administration and after 5 min received saline or cocaine (20 mg/kg). The animals in group 1 (n = 5) were then evaluated in the open field for 30 min and those from group 2 (n = 6) were kept alone in a home cage for the same period. Forty-five minutes after [18 F]FDG administration, images were acquired for 30 min. Group 3 (n = 6) was kept anesthetized and image acquisition started immediately after tracer injection, for 75 min. Saline (Day 1) or cocaine (Day 2) was injected 5 min after starting acquisition. Another set of animals (n = 5) were treated with cocaine every other day for 10 days or saline (n = 6) and were scanned with the dynamic protocol to verify its efficacy. [18 F]FDG uptake increased after cocaine administration when compared to baseline only in animals kept under anesthesia. No brain effect of cocaine was observed in animals submitted to the open field or kept in the home cage. The use of anesthesia is essential to visualize cocaine-induced changes in brain metabolism by [18 F]FDG PET, providing an interesting preclinical approach to investigate naïve subjects and enabling a bidirectional translational science approach for better understanding of cocaine use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Emmanuela Wiazowski Spelta
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Cristiano Real
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Buchpiguel
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniele de Paula Faria
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tania Marcourakis
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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de Paula Faria D, Estessi de Souza L, Duran FLDS, Buchpiguel CA, Britto LR, Crippa JADS, Filho GB, Real CC. Cannabidiol Treatment Improves Glucose Metabolism and Memory in Streptozotocin-Induced Alzheimer’s Disease Rat Model: A Proof-of-Concept Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031076. [PMID: 35163003 PMCID: PMC8835532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An early and persistent sign of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is glucose hypometabolism, which can be evaluated by positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([18F]FDG). Cannabidiol has demonstrated neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties but has not been evaluated by PET imaging in an AD model. Intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of streptozotocin (STZ) is a validated model for hypometabolism observed in AD. This proof-of-concept study evaluated the effect of cannabidiol treatment in the brain glucose metabolism of an icv-STZ AD model by PET imaging. Wistar male rats received 3 mg/kg of STZ and [18F]FDG PET images were acquired before and 7 days after STZ injection. Animals were treated with intraperitoneal cannabidiol (20 mg/kg—STZ–cannabidiol) or saline (STZ–saline) for one week. Novel object recognition was performed to evaluate short-term and long-term memory. [18F]FDG uptake in the whole brain was significantly lower in the STZ–saline group. Voxel-based analysis revealed a hypometabolism cluster close to the lateral ventricle, which was smaller in STZ–cannabidiol animals. The brain regions with more evident hypometabolism were the striatum, motor cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus, which was not observed in STZ–cannabidiol animals. In addition, STZ–cannabidiol animals revealed no changes in memory index. Thus, this study suggests that cannabidiol could be an early treatment for the neurodegenerative process observed in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele de Paula Faria
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM 43), Department of Radiology, Faculdade de Medicina, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-911, SP, Brazil; (L.E.d.S.); (C.A.B.)
- Correspondence: (D.d.P.F.); (C.C.R.)
| | - Larissa Estessi de Souza
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM 43), Department of Radiology, Faculdade de Medicina, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-911, SP, Brazil; (L.E.d.S.); (C.A.B.)
| | - Fabio Luis de Souza Duran
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM 21), Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-911, SP, Brazil; (F.L.d.S.D.); (G.B.F.)
| | - Carlos Alberto Buchpiguel
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM 43), Department of Radiology, Faculdade de Medicina, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-911, SP, Brazil; (L.E.d.S.); (C.A.B.)
| | - Luiz Roberto Britto
- Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - José Alexandre de Souza Crippa
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14051-160, SP, Brazil;
| | - Geraldo Busatto Filho
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM 21), Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-911, SP, Brazil; (F.L.d.S.D.); (G.B.F.)
| | - Caroline Cristiano Real
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM 43), Department of Radiology, Faculdade de Medicina, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-911, SP, Brazil; (L.E.d.S.); (C.A.B.)
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM 21), Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-911, SP, Brazil; (F.L.d.S.D.); (G.B.F.)
- Correspondence: (D.d.P.F.); (C.C.R.)
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Ferreira AFF, Binda KH, Real CC. The effects of treadmill exercise in animal models of Parkinson's disease: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:1056-1075. [PMID: 34688727 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive disabling brain disorder. Physical exercise has been shown to alleviate the symptoms of PD and, consequently, improve patient quality of life. Exercise mechanisms involved in beneficial effects on PD have been widely investigated. This study aims to systematically review the literature on the use of treadmill exercise in PD animal models. The study was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and ISI databases. In total, 78 studies were included. The dopaminergic system, behavior, neuroplasticity, neuroinflammation, mitochondria, and musculoskeletal systems were some of the outcomes evaluated by the selected studies. Based on the systematic review center for laboratory animal experimentation (SYRCLE) RoB tool, the methodologies revealed a high risk of bias and lack of information about study design, which needs attention for data reproducibility. This review can guide future studies that aim to fill existing gaps regarding the effects of treadmill exercise in PD animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Flávia F Ferreira
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Karina Henrique Binda
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroanatomy of Pain, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit (TNU), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Caroline Cristiano Real
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit (TNU), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Faculdade de Medicina (FMUSP), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Sampaio ASB, Real CC, Gutierrez RMS, Singulani MP, Alouche SR, Britto LR, Pires RS. Neuroplasticity induced by the retention period of a complex motor skill learning in rats. Behav Brain Res 2021; 414:113480. [PMID: 34302881 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Learning complex motor skills is an essential process in our daily lives. Moreover, it is an important aspect for the development of therapeutic strategies that refer to rehabilitation processes since motor skills previously acquired can be transferred to similar tasks (motor skill transfer) or recovered without further practice after longer delays (motor skill retention). Different acrobatic exercise training (AE) protocols induce plastic changes in areas involved in motor control and improvement in motor performance. However, the plastic mechanisms involved in the retention of a complex motor skill, essential for motor learning, are not well described. Thus, our objective was to analyze the brain plasticity mechanisms involved in motor skill retention in AE . Motor behavior tests, and the expression of synaptophysin (SYP), synapsin-I (SYS), and early growth response protein 1 (Egr-1) in brain areas involved in motor learning were evaluated. Young male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sedentary (SED), AE, and AE with retention period (AER). AE was performed three times a week for 8 weeks, with 5 rounds in the circuit. After a fifteen-day retention interval, the AER animals was again exposed to the acrobatic circuit. Our results revealed motor performance improvement in the AE and AER groups. In the elevated beam test, the AER group presented a lower time and greater distance, suggesting retention period is important for optimizing motor learning consolidation. Moreover, AE promoted significant plastic changes in the expression of proteins in important areas involved in control and motor learning, some of which were maintained in the AER group. In summary, these data contribute to the understanding of neural mechanisms involved in motor learning in an animal model, and can be useful to the construction of therapeutics strategies that optimize motor learning in a rehabilitative context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Cristiano Real
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM 43), Institute of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rita Mara Soares Gutierrez
- Master's and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, University of the City of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Monique Patricio Singulani
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM 27), Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra Regina Alouche
- Master's and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, University of the City of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Roberto Britto
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Raquel Simoni Pires
- Master's and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, University of the City of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Binda KH, Lillethorup TP, Real CC, Bærentzen SL, Nielsen MN, Orlowski D, Brooks DJ, Chacur M, Landau AM. Exercise protects synaptic density in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol 2021; 342:113741. [PMID: 33965411 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by Lewy body and neurite pathology associated with dopamine terminal dysfunction. Clinically, it is associated with motor slowing, rigidity, and tremor. Postural instability and pain are also features. Physical exercise benefits PD patients - possibly by promoting neuroplasticity including synaptic regeneration. OBJECTIVES In a parkinsonian rat model, we test the hypotheses that exercise: (a) increases synaptic density and reduces neuroinflammation and (b) lowers the nociceptive threshold by increasing μ-opioid receptor expression. METHODS Brain autoradiography was performed on rats unilaterally injected with either 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or saline and subjected to treadmill exercise over 5 weeks. [3H]UCB-J was used to measure synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) density. Dopamine D2/3 receptor and μ-opioid receptor availability were assessed with [3H]Raclopride and [3H]DAMGO, respectively, while neuroinflammation was detected with the 18kDA translocator protein (TSPO) marker [3H]PK11195. The nociceptive threshold was determined prior to and throughout the exercise protocol. RESULTS We confirmed a dopaminegic deficit with increased striatal [3H]Raclopride D2/3 receptor availability and reduced nigral tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the ipsilateral hemisphere of all 6-OHDA-injected rats. Sedentary rats lesioned with 6-OHDA showed significant reduction of ipsilateral striatal and substantia nigra [3H]UCB-J binding while [3H]PK11195 showed increased ipsilateral striatal neuroinflammation. Lesioned rats who exercised had higher levels of ipsilateral striatal [3H]UCB-J binding and lower levels of neuroinflammation compared to sedentary lesioned rats. Striatal 6-OHDA injections reduced thalamic μ-opioid receptor availability but subsequent exercise restored binding. Exercise also raised thalamic and hippocampal SV2A synaptic density in 6-OHDA lesioned rats, accompanied by a rise in nociceptive threshold. CONCLUSION These data suggest that treadmill exercise protects nigral and striatal synaptic integrity in a rat lesion model of PD - possibly by promoting compensatory mechanisms. Exercise was also associated with reduced neuroinflammation post lesioning and altered opioid transmission resulting in an increased nociceptive threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Binda
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 13, Building 2b, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University and Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, J109, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark; Laboratory of Functional Neuroanatomy of Pain, Departamento de Anatomia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - T P Lillethorup
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University and Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, J109, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark.
| | - C C Real
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 13, Building 2b, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University and Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, J109, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark; Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM 43), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - S L Bærentzen
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 13, Building 2b, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University and Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, J109, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark.
| | - M N Nielsen
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 13, Building 2b, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark.
| | - D Orlowski
- Center for Experimental Neuroscience (CENSE), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Department of Neurosurgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark.
| | - D J Brooks
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University and Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, J109, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark; Institute for Translational and Clinical Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK.
| | - M Chacur
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroanatomy of Pain, Departamento de Anatomia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - A M Landau
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 13, Building 2b, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University and Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, J109, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark.
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de Paula Faria D, Real CC, Estessi de Souza L, Teles Garcez A, Navarro Marques FL, Buchpiguel CA. Positron Emission Tomography Imaging for In Vivo Measuring of Myelin Content in the Lysolecithin Rat Model of Multiple Sclerosis. J Vis Exp 2021. [PMID: 33720130 DOI: 10.3791/62094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory disease with expanding axonal and neuronal degeneration and demyelination in the central nervous system, leading to motor dysfunctions, psychical disability, and cognitive impairment during MS progression. Positron emission tomography (PET) is an imaging technique able to quantify in vivo cellular and molecular alterations. Radiotracers with affinity to intact myelin can be used for in vivo imaging of myelin content changes over time. It is possible to detect either an increase or decrease in myelin content, what means this imaging technique can detect demyelination and remyelination processes of the central nervous system. In this protocol we demonstrate how to use PET imaging to detect myelin changes in the lysolecithin rat model, which is a model of focal demyelination lesion (induced by stereotactic injection) (i.e., a model of multiple sclerosis disease). 11C-PIB PET imaging was performed at baseline, and 1 week and 4 weeks after stereotaxic injection of lysolecithin 1% in the right striatum (4 µL) and corpus callosum (3 µL) of the rat brain, allowing quantification of focal demyelination (injection site after 1 week) and the remyelination process (injection site at 4 weeks). Myelin PET imaging is an interesting tool for monitoring in vivo changes in myelin content which could be useful for monitoring demyelinating disease progression and therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele de Paula Faria
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM-43), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo;
| | - Caroline Cristiano Real
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM-43), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo
| | - Larissa Estessi de Souza
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM-43), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo
| | | | - Fabio Luis Navarro Marques
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM-43), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo
| | - Carlos Alberto Buchpiguel
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM-43), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo
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Berger A, Araújo-Filho I, Piffoux M, Nicolás-Boluda A, Grangier A, Boucenna I, Real CC, Marques FLN, de Paula Faria D, do Rego ACM, Broudin C, Gazeau F, Wilhelm C, Clément O, Cellier C, Buchpiguel CA, Rahmi G, Silva AKA. Local administration of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in a thermoresponsive hydrogel promotes a pro-healing effect in a rat model of colo-cutaneous post-surgical fistula. Nanoscale 2021; 13:218-232. [PMID: 33326529 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07349k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), especially from stem/stromal cells (SCs), represent a cell-free alternative in regenerative medicine holding promises to promote tissue healing while providing safety and logistic advantages in comparison to cellular counterparts. Herein, we hypothesize that SC EVs, administered locally in a thermoresponsive gel, is a therapeutic strategy for managing post-surgical colo-cutaneous fistulas. This disease is a neglected and challenging condition associated to low remission rates and high refractoriness. Herein, EVs from a murine SC line were produced by a high-yield scalable method in bioreactors. The post-surgical intestinal fistula model was induced via a surgical cecostomy communicating the cecum and the skin in Wistar rats. Animals were treated just after cecostomy with PBS, thermoresponsive Pluronic F-127 hydrogel alone or containing SC EVs. A PET-monitored biodistribution investigation of SC EVs labelled with 89Zr was performed. Fistula external orifice and output assessment, probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy, MRI and histology were carried out for therapy follow-up. The relevance of percutaneous EV administration embedded in the hydrogel vehicle was indicated by the PET-biodistribution study. Local administration of SC EVs in the hydrogel reduced colo-cutaneous fistula diameter, output, fibrosis and inflammation while increasing the density of neo-vessels when compared to the PBS and gel groups. This multi-modal investigation pointed-out the therapeutic potential of SC EVs administered locally and in a thermoresponsive hydrogel for the management of challenging post-surgical colon fistulas in a minimally-invasive cell-free strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Berger
- Laboratoire Imagerie de l'Angiogénèse, Plateforme d'Imagerie du Petit Animal, PARCC, INSERM U970, Université de Paris, 75015, Paris, France.
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de Souza AM, Pitombeira MS, de Souza LE, Marques FLN, Buchpiguel CA, Real CC, de Paula Faria D. 11C-PK11195 plasma metabolization has the same rate in multiple sclerosis patients and healthy controls: a cross-sectional study. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:2494-2498. [PMID: 33907039 PMCID: PMC8374550 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.313062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
11C-PK11195 is a positron emitter tracer used for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging of innate immune cell activation in studies of neuroinflammatory diseases. For the image quantitative analysis, it is necessary to quantify the intact fraction of this tracer in the arterial plasma during imaging acquisition (plasma intact fraction). Due to the complexity and costs involved in this analysis it is important to evaluate the real necessity of individual analysis in each 11C-PK11195 PET imaging acquisition. The purpose of this study is to compare 11C-PK11195 plasma metabolization rate between healthy controls and multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and evaluate the interference of sex, age, treatment, and disease phenotype in the tracer intact fraction measured in arterial plasma samples. 11C-PK11195 metabolization rate in arterial plasma was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography in samples from MS patients (n = 50) and healthy controls (n = 23) at 20, 45, and 60 minutes after 11C-PK11195 injection. Analyses were also stratified by sex, age, treatment type, and MS phenotype. The results showed no significant differences in the metabolization rate of healthy controls and MS patients, or in the stratified samples. In conclusion, 11C-PK11195 metabolization has the same rate in patients with MS and healthy controls, which is not affected by sex, age, treatment, and disease phenotype. Thus, these findings could contribute to exempting the necessity for tracer metabolization determination in all 11C-PK11195 PET imaging acquisition, by using a population metabolization rate average. The study procedures were approved by the Ethics Committee for Research Projects Analysis of the Hospital das Clinicas of the University of Sao Paulo Medical School (approval No. 624.065) on April 23, 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Morais de Souza
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM43), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Milena Sales Pitombeira
- Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa Estessi de Souza
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM43), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabio Luiz Navarro Marques
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM43), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Buchpiguel
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM43), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Caroline Cristiano Real
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM43), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniele de Paula Faria
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM43), Department of Radiology and Oncology; Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Real CC, Suemoto CK, Binda KH, Grinberg LT, Pasqualucci CA, Jacob W, Ferretti-Rebustini REDL, Nitrini R, Leite REP, de Britto LR. Active lifestyle enhances protein expression profile in subjects with Lewy body pathology. Dement Neuropsychol 2021; 15:41-50. [PMID: 33907596 PMCID: PMC8049574 DOI: 10.1590/1980-57642021dn15-010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials of the effects of physical activity have reported improvements in symptoms and quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Additionally, morphological brain changes after exercising were reported in PD animal models. However, these lifestyle-related changes were not evaluated in postmortem brain tissue. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate, by immunohistochemistry, astrocytes, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and structural proteins expression (neurofilaments and microtubules - MAP2) changes in postmortem brain samples of individuals with Lewy body pathology. METHODS Braak PD stage≥III samples, classified by neuropathology analysis, from The Biobank for Aging Studies were classified into active (n=12) and non-active (n=12) groups, according to physical activity lifestyle, and paired by age, sex and Braak staging. Substantia nigra and basal ganglia were evaluated. RESULTS Groups were not different in terms of age or gender and had similar PD neuropathological burden (p=1.00). We observed higher TH expression in the active group in the substantia nigra and the basal ganglia (p=0.04). Astrocytes was greater in the non-active subjects in the midbrain (p=0.03) and basal ganglia (p=0.0004). MAP2 levels were higher for non-active participants in the basal ganglia (p=0.003) and similar between groups in the substantia nigra (p=0.46). Neurofilament levels for non-active participants were higher in the substantia nigra (p=0.006) but not in the basal ganglia (p=0.24). CONCLUSION Active lifestyle seems to promote positive effects on brain by maintaining dopamine synthesis and structural protein expression in the nigrostriatal system and decrease astrogliosis in subjects with the same PD neuropathology burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Cristiano Real
- Laboratoy of Nuclear Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina,
Universidade de São Paulo – São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Physiology
and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de São Paulo –
São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Kimie Suemoto
- Division of Geriatrics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de
São Paulo – São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Karina Henrique Binda
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Physiology
and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de São Paulo –
São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lea Tenenholz Grinberg
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco
– San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de
São Paulo – São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Wilson Jacob
- Division of Geriatrics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de
São Paulo – São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Nitrini
- Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de
São Paulo – São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Roberto de Britto
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Physiology
and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de São Paulo –
São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Ferreira AFF, Binda KH, Singulani MP, Pereira CPM, Ferrari GD, Alberici LC, Real CC, Britto LR. Physical exercise protects against mitochondria alterations in the 6-hidroxydopamine rat model of Parkinson's disease. Behav Brain Res 2020; 387:112607. [PMID: 32199987 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is typicaly caractherized by loss of dopaminergic neurons, as well as the presence of mitochondrial impairments. Although physical exercise is known to promote many beneficial effects in healthy subjects, such as enhancing mitocondrial biogenesis and function, it is not clear if these effects are evident after exercise in individuals with PD. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two different protocol durations on motor behavior (aphomorphine and gait tests), mitochondrial biogenesis signaling (PGC-1α, NRF-1 and TFAM), structure (oxidative phosphorylation system protein levels) and respiratory chain activity (complex I) in a unilateral PD rat model. For this, male Wistar rats were injected with 6-hydroxydopamine unilaterally into the striatum and submitted to an intermitent moderate treadmill exercise for one or four weeks. In the gait test, only stride width data revealed an improvement after one week of exercise. On the other hand, after 4 weeks of the exercise protocol all gait parameters analyzed and the aphomorphine test demonstrated a recovery. Analysis of protein revealed that one week of exercise was able to prevent PGC-1α and NRF-1 expression decrease in PD animals. In addition, after four weeks of physical exercise, besides PGC-1α and NRF-1, reduction in TFAM and complex I protein levels and increased complex I activity were also prevented in PD animals. Thus, our results suggest a neuroprotective and progressive effect of intermittent treadmill exercise, which could be related to its benefits on mitochondrial biogenesis signaling and respiratory chain modulation of the dopaminergic system in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Flávia Fernandes Ferreira
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Karina Henrique Binda
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroanatomy of Pain, Department of Anatomy, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Monique Patricio Singulani
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Parga Martins Pereira
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Duarte Ferrari
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciane Carla Alberici
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Caroline Cristiano Real
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM-43), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Roberto Britto
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Torres LH, Real CC, Turato WM, Spelta LW, Dos Santos Durão ACC, Andrioli TC, Pozzo L, Squair PL, Pistis M, de Paula Faria D, Marcourakis T. Environmental Tobacco Smoke During the Early Postnatal Period of Mice Interferes With Brain 18 F-FDG Uptake From Infancy to Early Adulthood - A Longitudinal Study. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:5. [PMID: 32063826 PMCID: PMC7000461 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is associated with high morbidity and mortality, mainly in childhood. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of postnatal ETS exposure in the brain 2-deoxy-2-[18F]-fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) uptake of mice by positron emission tomography (PET) neuroimaging in a longitudinal study. C57BL/6J mice were exposed to ETS that was generated from 3R4F cigarettes from postnatal day 3 (P3) to P14. PET analyses were performed in male and female mice during infancy (P15), adolescence (P35), and adulthood (P65). We observed that ETS exposure decreased 18F-FDG uptake in the whole brain, both left and right hemispheres, and frontal cortex in both male and female infant mice, while female infant mice exposed to ETS showed decreased 18F-FDG uptake in the cerebellum. In addition, all mice showed reduced 18F-FDG uptake in infancy, compared to adulthood in all analyzed VOIs. In adulthood, ETS exposure during the early postnatal period decreased brain 18F-FDG uptake in adult male mice in the cortex, striatum, hippocampus, cingulate cortex, and thalamus when compared to control group. ETS induced an increase in 18F-FDG uptake in adult female mice when compared to control group in the brainstem and cingulate cortex. Moreover, male ETS-exposed animals showed decreased 18F-FDG uptake when compared to female ETS-exposed in the whole brain, brainstem, cortex, left amygdala, striatum, hippocampus, cingulate cortex, basal forebrain and septum, thalamus, hypothalamus, and midbrain. The present study shows that several brain regions are vulnerable to ETS exposure during the early postnatal period and these effects on 18F-FDG uptake are observed even a long time after the last exposure. This study corroborates our previous findings, strengthening the idea that exposure to tobacco smoke in a critical period interferes with brain development of mice from late infancy to early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Helena Torres
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Alimentos e Medicamentos, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Caroline Cristiano Real
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM-43), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Walter Miguel Turato
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lídia Wiazowski Spelta
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Tatiana Costa Andrioli
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lorena Pozzo
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marco Pistis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Daniele de Paula Faria
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM-43), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tania Marcourakis
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Gutierrez RMS, Real CC, Scaranzi CR, Garcia PC, Oliveira DL, Britto LR, Pires RS. Motor improvement requires an increase in presynaptic protein expression and depends on exercise type and age. Exp Gerontol 2018; 113:18-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Real CC, Garcia PC, Britto LRG. Treadmill Exercise Prevents Increase of Neuroinflammation Markers Involved in the Dopaminergic Damage of the 6-OHDA Parkinson’s Disease Model. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 63:36-49. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-0955-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Garcia PC, Real CC, Britto LR. The Impact of Short and Long-Term Exercise on the Expression of Arc and AMPARs During Evolution of the 6-Hydroxy-Dopamine Animal Model of Parkinson's Disease. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 61:542-552. [PMID: 28243821 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-0896-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons typical in Parkinson's disease (PD) is responsible for hyperexcitability of medium spiny neurons resulting in abnormal corticostriatal glutamatergic synaptic drive. Considering the neuroprotective effect of exercise, the changes promoted by exercise on AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs), and the role of activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) in the AMPARs trafficking, we studied the impact of short and long-term treadmill exercise during evolution of the unilateral 6-hydroxy-dopamine (6-OHDA) animal model of PD. Wistar rats were divided into sedentary and exercised groups, with and without lesion by 6-OHDA and followed up to 4 months. The exercised groups were subjected to a moderate treadmill exercise 3×/week. We measured the proteins tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), Arc, GluA1, and GluA2/3 in the striatum, substantia nigra, and motor cortex. Our results showed a higher reduction of TH expression in all sedentary groups when compared to all exercised groups in striatum and substantia nigra. In general, larger changes occurred in the striatum in the first and third months after training. After 1 month of exercise, there was significant increase of GluA2/3 with concomitant reduction of GluA1 and Arc. As a balanced system, these changes were reversed in the third month, showing an increase of Arc and GluA1 and decrease of GluA2/3. Similar results for GluAs and Arc were observed in the motor cortex of the exercised animals. These modifications may be relevant for corticostriatal circuits in PD, since the exercise-dependent plasticity can modulate GluAs expression and maybe neuronal excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Garcia
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of São Paulo, Av Prof Lineu Prestes, 1524, Room 239, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - C C Real
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of São Paulo, Av Prof Lineu Prestes, 1524, Room 239, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - L R Britto
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of São Paulo, Av Prof Lineu Prestes, 1524, Room 239, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
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Hernandes MS, Britto LRG, Real CC, Martins DO, Lopes LR. Reactive oxygen species and the structural remodeling of the visual system after ocular enucleation. Neuroscience 2010; 170:1249-60. [PMID: 20728508 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Redox processes associated with controlled generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by NADPH oxidase (Nox) add an essential level of regulation to signaling pathways underlying physiological processes. We evaluated the ROS generation in the main visual relays of the mammalian brain, namely the superior colliculus (SC) and the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (DLG), after ocular enucleation in adult rats. Dihydroethidium (DHE) oxidation revealed increased ROS generation in SC and DLG between 1 and 30 days postlesion. ROS generation was decreased by the Nox inhibitors diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI) and apocynin. Real-time PCR results revealed that Nox 2 was upregulated in both retinorecipient structures after deafferentation, whereas Nox 1 and Nox 4 were upregulated only in the SC. To evaluate the role of ROS in structural remodeling after the lesions, apocynin was given to enucleated rats and immunohistochemistry was conducted for markers of neuronal remodeling into SC and DLG. Immunohistochemical data showed that ocular enucleation produces an increase of neurofilament and microtubule-associated protein-2 immunostaining in both SC and DLG, which was markedly attenuated by apocynin treatment. Taken together, the findings of the present study suggest a novel role for Nox-induced ROS signaling in mediating neuronal remodeling in visual areas after ocular enucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Hernandes
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, USP, SP, Brazil.
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