1
|
Deng W, Zhao Z, Li Y, Cao R, Chen M, Tang K, Wang D, Fan W, Hu A, Chen G, Chen CTA, Zhang Y. Strategies of chemolithoautotrophs adapting to high temperature and extremely acidic conditions in a shallow hydrothermal ecosystem. Microbiome 2023; 11:270. [PMID: 38049915 PMCID: PMC10696704 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01712-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Active hydrothermal vents create extreme conditions characterized by high temperatures, low pH levels, and elevated concentrations of heavy metals and other trace elements. These conditions support unique ecosystems where chemolithoautotrophs serve as primary producers. The steep temperature and pH gradients from the vent mouth to its periphery provide a wide range of microhabitats for these specialized microorganisms. However, their metabolic functions, adaptations in response to these gradients, and coping mechanisms under extreme conditions remain areas of limited knowledge. In this study, we conducted temperature gradient incubations of hydrothermal fluids from moderate (pH = 5.6) and extremely (pH = 2.2) acidic vents. Combining the DNA-stable isotope probing technique and subsequent metagenomics, we identified active chemolithoautotrophs under different temperature and pH conditions and analyzed their specific metabolic mechanisms. RESULTS We found that the carbon fixation activities of Nautiliales in vent fluids were significantly increased from 45 to 65 °C under moderately acidic condition, while their heat tolerance was reduced under extremely acidic conditions. In contrast, Campylobacterales actively fixed carbon under both moderately and extremely acidic conditions under 30 - 45 °C. Compared to Campylobacterales, Nautiliales were found to lack the Sox sulfur oxidation system and instead use NAD(H)-linked glutamate dehydrogenase to boost the reverse tricarboxylic acid (rTCA) cycle. Additionally, they exhibit a high genetic potential for high activity of cytochrome bd ubiquinol oxidase in oxygen respiration and hydrogen oxidation at high temperatures. In terms of high-temperature adaption, the rgy gene plays a critical role in Nautiliales by maintaining DNA stability at high temperature. Genes encoding proteins involved in proton export, including the membrane arm subunits of proton-pumping NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase, K+ accumulation, selective transport of charged molecules, permease regulation, and formation of the permeability barrier of bacterial outer membranes, play essential roles in enabling Campylobacterales to adapt to extremely acidic conditions. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides in-depth insights into how high temperature and low pH impact the metabolic processes of energy and main elements in chemolithoautotrophs living in hydrothermal ecosystems, as well as the mechanisms they use to adapt to the extreme hydrothermal conditions. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361101, China.
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Zihao Zhao
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Bio-Oceanography and Marine Biology Unit, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yufang Li
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Rongguang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361101, China
| | - Mingming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361101, China
| | - Kai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361101, China
| | - Deli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361101, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Anyi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Guangcheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Chen-Tung Arthur Chen
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung Taiwan, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang TH, Lee MT, Huang WJ, Tao LY, Lee MA, Jan S, Yang YJ, Chen CTA. Dataset on Cs-137 in waters surrounding Taiwan. Data Brief 2023; 51:109758. [PMID: 38053585 PMCID: PMC10694043 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2023.109758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Fukushima accident released short-lived Cs-134 and longer-lived Cs-137 to the ocean. The amount, although substantial, is much less than that produced during the atomic bomb tests 60 yrs ago. Cs-134 and Cs-137 are anthropogenic radionuclides and soluble in seawater; hence, the radioactivity can be used as a tracer for special events or currents. Samples of Cs-134 and Cs-137 in seawater were collected around Taiwan, including the Kuroshio, the northern South China Sea, the Taiwan Strait, and the southern East China Sea from 2018 to 2021. The average surface Cs-137 activity was 1.18±0.25 Bq m - 3, and the activities of Cs-134 samples were all under the detection limit. Complete data are archived, including sampling date, location, water depth, temperature, salinity, and Cs-137 activity; the total sample amount is 577.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Hsuan Huang
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Taiwan Ocean Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Kaohsiung 852, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ta Lee
- Radiation Monitoring Center, Atomic Energy Council, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jen Huang
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Yu Tao
- Radiation Monitoring Center, Atomic Energy Council, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Ming-An Lee
- Department of Environmental Biology and Fisheries Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan
| | - Sen Jan
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yiing-Jang Yang
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pan Y, Li Y, Chen CTA, Jiang ZP, Cai WJ, Shen Y, Ding Z, Chen Q, Di Y, Fan W, Zhu C, Jiao N, Chen Y. New pathway of diatom-mediated calcification and its impact on the biological pump. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:2540-2543. [PMID: 37625972 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Pan
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China.
| | - Yifan Li
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Chen-Tung Arthur Chen
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China; Department of Oceanography, Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, China
| | - Zong-Pei Jiang
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Wei-Jun Cai
- School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Newark DE 19716, USA
| | - Yunwen Shen
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Zesheng Ding
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Qixian Chen
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Yanan Di
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Chenba Zhu
- Carbon Neutral Innovation Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Nianzhi Jiao
- Carbon Neutral Innovation Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen X, Tang K, Zhang M, Liu S, Chen M, Zhan P, Fan W, Chen CTA, Zhang Y. Genome-centric insight into metabolically active microbial population in shallow-sea hydrothermal vents. Microbiome 2022; 10:170. [PMID: 36242065 PMCID: PMC9563475 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01351-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Geothermal systems have contributed greatly to both our understanding of the functions of extreme life and the evolutionary history of life itself. Shallow-sea hydrothermal systems are ecological intermediates of deep-sea systems and terrestrial springs, harboring unique and complexed ecosystems, which are well-lit and present physicochemical gradients. The microbial communities of deep-sea and terrestrial geothermal systems have been well-studied at the population genome level, yet little is known about the communities inhabiting the shallow-sea hydrothermal systems and how they compare to those inhabiting other geothermal systems. RESULTS Here, we used genome-resolved metagenomic and metaproteomic approaches to probe into the genetic potential and protein expression of microorganisms from the shallow-sea vent fluids off Kueishantao Island. The families Nautiliaceae and Campylobacteraceae within the Epsilonbacteraeota and the Thiomicrospiraceae within the Gammaproteobacteria were prevalent in vent fluids over a 3-year sampling period. We successfully reconstructed the in situ metabolic modules of the predominant populations within the Epsilonbacteraeota and Gammaproteobacteria by mapping the metaproteomic data back to metagenome-assembled genomes. Those active bacteria could use the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle or Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle for autotrophic carbon fixation, with the ability to use reduced sulfur species, hydrogen or formate as electron donors, and oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor via cytochrome bd oxidase or cytochrome bb3 oxidase. Comparative metagenomic and genomic analyses revealed dramatic differences between submarine and terrestrial geothermal systems, including microbial functional potentials for carbon fixation and energy conversion. Furthermore, shallow-sea hydrothermal systems shared many of the major microbial genera that were first isolated from deep-sea and terrestrial geothermal systems, while deep-sea and terrestrial geothermal systems shared few genera. CONCLUSIONS The metabolic machinery of the active populations within Epsilonbacteraeota and Gammaproteobacteria at shallow-sea vents can mirror those living at deep-sea vents. With respect to specific taxa and metabolic potentials, the microbial realm in the shallow-sea hydrothermal system presented ecological linkage to both deep-sea and terrestrial geothermal systems. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Mu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shujing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Mingming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Peiwen Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Chen-Tung Arthur Chen
- Institute of Marine Geology and Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Taiwan, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen CTA, Huang TH, Huang WJ, Yang YJ, Jan S, Lee MA, Lee MT. The Kuroshio radiocesium stream. Mar Pollut Bull 2022; 182:114026. [PMID: 35963224 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Fukushima accident released short-lived Cs-134 and longer-lived Cs-137 to the ocean. The amount, although substantial, is much less than that produced during the atomic bomb tests 60 years ago. But, the latter has received little attention. Here we found only Cs-137 in waters near the origin of the Kuroshio. The speed of the Kuroshio current generally decreases with water depth, yet, the Cs-137 activity increases with depth to reach a subsurface maximum of 2.4 Bq m-3. As a result, a core of high Cs-137 flux, or a radiocesium stream, exists at approximately 200-400 m in depth. In total, the Kuroshio transports about 1 PBq year-1 Cs-137 northward between 121 and 123°E, 1000 times more than the 0.73-1.0 TBq year-1 discharged to the ocean at Fukushima in 2016-2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ting-Hsuan Huang
- Taiwan Ocean Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jen Huang
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Yiing-Jang Yang
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Sen Jan
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ming-An Lee
- Department of Environmental Biology and Fisheries Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ta Lee
- Radiation Monitoring Center, Atomic Energy Council, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang B, Gao X, Zhao J, Liu Y, Lui HK, Huang TH, Chen CTA, Xing Q. Massive shellfish farming might accelerate coastal acidification: A case study on carbonate system dynamics in a bay scallop (Argopecten irradians) farming area, North Yellow Sea. Sci Total Environ 2021; 798:149214. [PMID: 34333434 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Seven cruises were carried out in a bay scallop (Argopecten irradians) farming area and its surrounding waters, North Yellow Sea, from March to November 2017 to study the dynamics of the carbonate system and its controlling factors. Results indicated that the studied parameters were highly variability over a range of spatiotemporal scales, comprehensively forced by various physical and biological processes. Mixing effect and scallop calcification played the most important role in the seasonal variation of total alkalinity (TAlk). For dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), in addition to mixing, air-sea exchange and microbial activity, e.g. photosynthesis and microbial respiration processes, had more important effects on its dynamics. Different from the former, the changes of water pHT, partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and aragonite saturation state (ΩA) were mainly controlled by the combining of the temperature, air-sea exchange, microbial activity and scallop metabolic activities. In addition, the results indicated that massive scallop farming can significantly increase the DIC/TAlk ratio by reducing the TAlk concentration in seawater, thereby reducing the buffering capacity of the carbonate system in seawater especially for ΩA. Preliminary calculated, ~75.7 and ~45.5 μmol kg-1 of TAlk were removed from the surface and bottom waters respectively in one scallop cultivating cycle. If these carbonates cannot be replenished in time, it is likely to accelerate the acidification process of coastal waters. This study highlighted the control mechanism of the carbonate system under the influence of bay scallop farming, and provided useful information for revealing the potential link between human activities (shelled-mollusc mariculture) and coastal acidification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Xuelu Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China.
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China.
| | - Yongliang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hon-Kit Lui
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsuan Huang
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Tung Arthur Chen
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Qianguo Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Huang WJ, Lee MT, Huang KC, Kao KJ, Lee MA, Yang YJ, Jan S, Chen CTA. Radiocesium in the Taiwan Strait and the Kuroshio east of Taiwan from 2018 to 2019. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22467. [PMID: 34789818 PMCID: PMC8599701 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01895-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The release of anthropogenic radiocesium to the North Pacific Ocean (NPO) has occurred in the past 60 years. Factors controlling 137Cs (half-life, 30.2 year) and 134Cs (half-life, 2.06 year) activity concentrations in the Kuroshio east of Taiwan and the Taiwan Strait (latitude 20° N–27° N, longitude 116° E–123° E) remain unclear. This study collected seawater samples throughout this region and analyzed 134Cs and 137Cs activity concentrations between 2018 and 2019. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to analyze the controlling factors of radiocesium. Results of all 134Cs activity concentrations were below the detection limit (0.5 Bq m−3). Analyses of water column 137Cs profiles revealed a primary concentration peak (2.1–2.2 Bq m−3) at a depth range of 200–400 m (potential density σθ: 25.3 to 26.1 kg m−3). The PCA result suggests that this primary peak was related to density layers in the water column. A secondary 137Cs peak (1.90 Bq m−3) was observed in the near-surface waters (σθ = 18.8 to 21.4 kg m−3) and was possibly related to upwelling and river-to-sea mixing on the shelf. In the Taiwan Strait, 137Cs activity concentrations in the near-surface waters were higher in the summer than in the winter. We suggest that upwelling facilitates the vertical transport of 137Cs at the shelf break of the western NPO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jen Huang
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Ta Lee
- The Radiation Monitoring Center, Atomic Energy Council, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Chen Huang
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Jung Kao
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-An Lee
- Department of Environmental Biology and Fisheries Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.,Center of Excellence for Ocean Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan
| | - Yiing-Jang Yang
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sen Jan
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wu JY, Lin SY, Peng SH, Hung JJ, Chen CTA, Liu LL. Data on isotopic niche differentiation in benthic consumers from shallow-water hydrothermal vents and nearby non-vent rocky reefs in northeastern Taiwan. Data Brief 2021; 37:107216. [PMID: 34189205 PMCID: PMC8217694 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.107216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents data on carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in benthos from shallow-water hydrothermal vents (SV) and nearby non-vent rocky reefs (NV) located in northeastern Taiwan, which is related to the article "Isotopic niche differentiation in benthic consumers from shallow-water hydrothermal vents and nearby non-vent rocky reefs in northeastern Taiwan" [1]. Field sampling work was conducted in July 2009 and July-August 2010 to collect sediment organic matters (SOM), zooplankton, and benthos for carbon and nitrogen stable isotopic analyses. Scuba divers collected macrobenthos, seawater, and surface sediments (0-2 cm). The collection of zooplankton was by a North Pacific standard net and trawled vertically. Testing samples were lyophilized before grounding by a mortar and pestle. For carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses, approximately 1 mg of powder was weighed and encapsulated in a tin capsule. Analyses were performed at the stable isotope laboratory at the University of California at Davis using an Integra Mass Spectrometer elemental analyzer (PDZ Europa, Sandbach, UK). The information is presented as 187 and 53 unprocessed data points from SV and NV, which incorporates δ13C and δ15N values (‰) of sediment, zooplankton, and benthos' tissue samples. Data from SOM provides information about chemosynthetic activity in SV sites. These data can be used to correlate food sources of consumers inhabiting shallow-water hydrothermal vent and rocky reef ecosystems in subtropical regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ying Wu
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan
| | - Siou-Yan Lin
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Hung Peng
- Center for Research in Water Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Jang Hung
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan
| | | | - Li-Lian Liu
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan
- NSYSU Frontier Center for Ocean Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Saleh A, Abtahi B, Mirzaei N, Chen CTA, Ershadifar H, Ghaemi M, Hamzehpour A, Abedi E. Hypoxia in the Persian Gulf and the Strait of Hormuz. Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 167:112354. [PMID: 33866201 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this article dissolved oxygen results of research cruises through the Persian Gulf during 2018-2019 are discussed. The results showed that summer to autumn hypoxia occurred mainly at depths ≥ 50 m to the bottom. This seasonal hypoxia started in late summer reaching its greatest severity in mid-autumn with an area of 50,000 km2 in the Persian Gulf. The minimum oxygen measured at the near-bottom layer of the western basin in autumn (25.8 μmol/kg) was lower than any previous measurement in the open waters of the Persian Gulf. In the Strait of Hormuz, the seasonal hypoxia appeared in summer in the near bottom of the most eastern part at the Iranian side. pHT values recorded in hypoxic waters were as low as what is predicted for surface ocean under ocean acidification in 2100. Considering the results, we suggest evaluating the effects of hypoxia and acidification on the Persian Gulf ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Saleh
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science, No. 3, Etemadzadeh St., Fatemi Ave., Tehran 1411813389, Iran.
| | - Behrooz Abtahi
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikoo Mirzaei
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Chen-Tung Arthur Chen
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Hamid Ershadifar
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science, No. 3, Etemadzadeh St., Fatemi Ave., Tehran 1411813389, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghaemi
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science, No. 3, Etemadzadeh St., Fatemi Ave., Tehran 1411813389, Iran
| | - Ali Hamzehpour
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science, No. 3, Etemadzadeh St., Fatemi Ave., Tehran 1411813389, Iran
| | - Ehsan Abedi
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science, No. 3, Etemadzadeh St., Fatemi Ave., Tehran 1411813389, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang B, Gao X, Zhao J, Liu Y, Gao T, Lui HK, Huang TH, Chen CTA, Xing Q. The influence of summer hypoxia on sedimentary phosphorus biogeochemistry in a coastal scallop farming area, North Yellow Sea. Sci Total Environ 2021; 759:143486. [PMID: 33250257 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In situ field investigations coupled with laboratory incubations were employed to explore the surface sedimentary phosphorus (P) cycle in a mariculture area adjacent to the Yangma Island suffering from summer hypoxia in the North Yellow Sea. Five forms of P were fractionated, namely exchangeable P (Ex-P), iron-bound P (FeP), authigenic apatite (CaP), detrital P (De-P) and organic P (OP). Total P (TP) varied from 13.42 to 23.88 μmol g-1 with the main form of inorganic P (IP). The benthic phosphate (DIP) fluxes were calculated based on incubation experiments. The results show that the sediment was an important source of P in summer with ~39% of the bioavailable P (BioP) recycled back into the water column. However, the sediment acted a sink of P in autumn. The benthic DIP fluxes were mainly controlled by the remobilizing of FeP, Ex-P and OP under contrasting redox conditions. In August (hypoxia season), ~0.92 μmol g-1 of FeP and ~0.52 μmol g-1 of OP could be transformed to DIP and released into water, while ~0.36 μmol g-1 of DIP was adsorbed to clay minerals. In November (non-hypoxia season), however, ~0.54 μmol g-1 of OP was converted into DIP, while ~0.55 μmol g-1 and ~0.28 μmol g-1 of DIP was adsorbed to clay minerals and bind to iron oxides. Furthermore, scallop farming activities also affected the P mobilization through biological deposition and reduced hydrodynamic conditions. The burial fluxes of P varied from 11.67 to 20.78 μmol cm-2 yr-1 and its burial efficiency was 84.7-100%, which was consistent with that in most of the marginal seas worldwide. This study reveals that hypoxia and scallop farming activities can significantly promote sedimentary P mobility, thereby causing high benthic DIP flux in coastal waters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Xuelu Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China.
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Yongliang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianci Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hon-Kit Lui
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsuan Huang
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Tung Arthur Chen
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Qianguo Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lu Y, Gao X, Song J, Chen CTA, Chu J. Colloidal toxic trace metals in urban riverine and estuarine waters of Yantai City, southern coast of North Yellow Sea. Sci Total Environ 2020; 717:135265. [PMID: 31839287 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The environmental characteristics of colloidal toxic trace metals Cd, Cu and Pb in riverine and estuarine waters collected from two urban rivers of Yantai City in eastern China, the Guangdang and Xin'an Rivers, were investigated using a modified centrifugal ultrafiltration (CUF) method in conjunction with acid extraction and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The target metals in dissolved pool were divided into four CUF fractions, i.e. <1 kDa, 1-3 kDa, 3-10 kDa and 10 kDa-0.2 μm, and the results showed that colloidal Cd, Cu and Pb were dominated by 1-10 kDa (1-3 and 3-10 kDa), 1-3 kDa and 10 kDa-0.2 μm fractions, respectively. The coagulation/flocculation of low-molecular-weight (1-10 kDa) colloidal Cd and Cu in the estuaries was obvious and strong, while the enrichment of dissolved Pb in the 10 kDa-0.2 μm fraction may be mainly related to its biogeochemical interactions with Fe-oxides, which is easy to occur in macromolecular colloids. In addition, the actual molecular weight cutoffs (MWCOs) of the three used CUF units with nominal MWCOs of 1, 3 and 10 kDa were determined to be 4.9, 8.5 and 33.9 kDa, respectively, indicating that membrane calibration is essential for explaining the actual fraction of dissolved trace metals and verifying the integrity of ultrafiltration membrane. Overall, the results in this study provide a further understanding of the heterogeneity in biogeochemical features, migration and fate of toxic trace metals in aquatic ecosystems, especially that of the river-sea mixing zone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuelu Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jinming Song
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China; Function Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Chen-Tung Arthur Chen
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Jinling Chu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dang X, Chen X, Bai Y, He X, Arthur Chen CT, Li T, Pan D, Zhang Z. Impact of ENSO events on phytoplankton over the Sulu Ridge. Mar Environ Res 2020; 157:104934. [PMID: 32275514 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplankton response to interannual climate variability has an important regulatory effect on the regional marine ecological environment and carbon cycle. In this study, we focused on the phytoplankton response in the upwelling region of the Sulu Ridge to the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) based on monthly remote sensing chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a) and physical parameters from various sources from September 1997 to December 2017. We selected two El Niño events in 1997/1998 and 2015/2016 and two La Niña events in 1998/1999 and 2010/2011 to examine the response of Chl-a to ENSO events in this region. Results showed that El Niño and La Niña could enhance and inhibit the growth of phytoplankton in the Sulu Ridge in winter, respectively. For other seasons, the influence of ENSO on the Chl-a was inconsistent. Specifically, during El Niño events, the largest Chl-a increases occurred in winter, and the low sea surface temperature (SST) center appeared northwest of Sulu Ridge. The significant decrease of SST (~1.5 °C) during El Niño events in winter in the northeastern Sulu Ridge was mainly caused by the increase in Ekman transport (ET) and Ekman pumping velocity (EPV), which brought nutrient-rich subsurface water to the surface layer through the thin barrier layer and enhanced Chl-a. During La Niña events, the SST was higher (~0.8 °C) than the average and the high SST center generally appeared in the middle of the Sulu Ridge with the east-west direction in winter, which was resulted from the intensification of barrier layer thickness (BLT) and the decrease of ET, thus reducing the Chl-a. The different responses to El Niño and La Niña events indicate the high sensitivity of Chl-a in this region to the ENSO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Dang
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for the South China Sea Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
| | - Yan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, China; Institute of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xianqiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, China; Institute of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chen-Tung Arthur Chen
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Teng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Delu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Zhenke Zhang
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu LL, Hsieh CY, Kuo MY, Chen C, Shau YH, Lui HK, Yuan CS, Chen CTA. Evidence for Fossil Fuel PM 1 Accumulation in Marine Biota. Environ Sci Technol 2020; 54:4068-4078. [PMID: 32164416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
When fine particulates such as those with a diameter of approximately 1 μm (particulate matter, PM1) are released from fossil fuel combustion into the air, they warm the atmosphere and contribute to millions of premature deaths in humans each year. Considerable quantities of PM1 eventually enter the oceans as suspended particulates, yet subsequent removal mechanisms are poorly understood. In fact, the presence of PM1 in marine biota has never been reported. Since sea anemones are opportunistic suspension feeders, they are anticipated to incorporate and accumulate PM1 in their bodies. By histological examination, PM1 was detected in 21 of the 22 sea anemones collected from Taiwan and Southeast China, with a depth of intertidal zone to 1000 m. PM1, if present, was always detected in endodermal layers and had the same dominant color (i.e., black, brown, or green) in different species from the same site. The bioaccumulation factor of PM1 in sea anemones was approximately 5-7 orders of magnitude. Based on radioisotope 14C results, the contribution of fossil fuel source PM1 was 8-24%. Regardless of PM1's color, S and Fe were commonly detected by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS), suggesting anthropogenic sources. Furthermore, a maternal transfer of materials was suggested based on the existence of PM1 in sea anemone eggs and in brooding and released juveniles. The significance of PM1 accumulation by biota in aquatic ecosystems and the potential risk to living organisms via food webs warrant further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Lian Liu
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yun Hsieh
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ying Kuo
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Chienhsun Chen
- Taiwan Ocean Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hong Shau
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Hon-Kit Lui
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Taiwan Ocean Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Shin Yuan
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Saleh A, Vajed Samiei J, Amini-Yekta F, Seyed Hashtroudi M, Chen CTA, Fumani NS. The carbonate system on the coral patches and rocky intertidal habitats of the northern Persian Gulf: Implications for ocean acidification studies. Mar Pollut Bull 2020; 151:110834. [PMID: 32056626 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This research characterizes the temporal and spatial variability of the seawater carbonate chemistry on the near-shore waters of the northern Persian Gulf and Makran Sea. In general, normalized total alkalinity (nAT) showed a westward decrease along the coasts of Makran Sea and the Persian Gulf. Intertidal seawater was always supersaturated in terms of calcium carbonate minerals during the daytime. Rocky shore waters in the Persian Gulf were sinks for CO2 in the winter during the daytime. The nAT decreased from Larak to Khargu Island by 81 μmol/kg. As expected, the two hypothetical drivers of bio-calcification, i.e., Ω and the [HCO3-]/[H+] ratio, were significantly related at a narrow range of ambient temperature. However, as data were pooled over seasons and study sites, in contrast to ΩAr, the [HCO3-]/[H+] ratio showed a slight dependence on temperature, suggesting that the ratio should be investigated as a more reliable factor in future biocalcification researches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Saleh
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science, No. 3, Etemadzadeh St., Fatemi Ave., Tehran 1411813389, Iran.
| | - Jahangir Vajed Samiei
- Department of Marine Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Fatemeh Amini-Yekta
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science, No. 3, Etemadzadeh St., Fatemi Ave., Tehran 1411813389, Iran
| | - Mehri Seyed Hashtroudi
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science, No. 3, Etemadzadeh St., Fatemi Ave., Tehran 1411813389, Iran
| | - Chen-Tung Arthur Chen
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Neda Sheijooni Fumani
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science, No. 3, Etemadzadeh St., Fatemi Ave., Tehran 1411813389, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu D, Bai Y, He X, Chen CTA, Huang TH, Pan D, Chen X, Wang D, Zhang L. Changes in riverine organic carbon input to the ocean from mainland China over the past 60 years. Environ Int 2020; 134:105258. [PMID: 31678662 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Compared to rivers in Europe and North America, Chinese rivers that discharge into oceans have different organic carbon (OC) transport characteristics. Out of the top 25 largest rivers worldwide, three (Changjiang, Huanghe, and Zhujiang rivers) are located in China, along with numerous small rivers. Thus, synthesized estimates of total riverine OC flux from Chinese rivers into marginal seas are critical but remain deficient. In this study, we developed relationships between riverine OC (dissolved OC, or DOC, and particulate OC, or POC) and basin characteristic variables (basin population density, precipitation, and riverine suspended sediment concentration) to estimate annual riverine DOC and POC fluxes during 1953-2016. The results showed that rivers in mainland China transported 9.63 Tg C of OC to the marginal seas in 2008, with 4.61 Tg C of DOC and 5.02 Tg C of POC. Of this transported OC, 14.28% DOC and 17.49% POC were transported by small southeastern rivers, whose drainage areas covered only 6.68% of the total. Because of intensifying human activities, DOC export increased but POC export decreased during 1953-2016. Additionally, basin population growth and reservoir water capacity were the major factors for increasing DOC flux and decreasing POC flux, respectively. Overall, the DOC/POC ratio increased for OC transport in Chinese rivers. Therefore, this study is important for understanding human-induced impacts on environmental change and the carbon cycle in marginal seas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Yan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China; Ocean College, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Xianqiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China; Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China; Ocean College, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chen-Tung Arthur Chen
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsuan Huang
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Delu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Difeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Huang TH, Chen CTA, Lee J, Wu CR, Wang YL, Bai Y, He X, Wang SL, Kandasamy S, Lou JY, Tsuang BJ, Chen HW, Tseng RS, Yang YJ. East China Sea increasingly gains limiting nutrient P from South China Sea. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5648. [PMID: 30948738 PMCID: PMC6449353 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42020-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The Taiwan Strait (TS) directly connects two of the richest fishing grounds in the world - the East China Sea (ECS) and the South China Sea (SCS). Carbon and nutrient supplies are essential for primary production and the Yangtze River is an important source for the ECS. However the ECS is severely P-limited. The TS transports an order of magnitude more carbon and a factor of two more phosphate (P) to the ECS than the Yangtze River does. To evaluate the temporal variability of these supplies, the total alkalinity (TA), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), nitrate plus nitrite (N), P, and silicate (Si) fluxes through the TS were estimated using empirical equations for these parameters and the current velocity, which was estimated using the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). These empirical equations were derived from in situ salinity and temperature and measured chemical concentrations that were collected during 57 cruises (1995–2014) with a total of 2096 bottle samples. The 24-month moving averages of water, carbon, and nutrient fluxes significantly increase with time, so does the satellite chlorophyll a concentration. More importantly, the increased supply of the badly needed P from the TS is more than that from the Yangtze River.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Hsuan Huang
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | - Jay Lee
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Taiwan Ocean Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Ron Wu
- Department of Earth Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - You-Lin Wang
- Department of Earth Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianqiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China.,Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Shu-Lun Wang
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Selvaraj Kandasamy
- Department of Geological Oceanography and State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiann-Yuh Lou
- Department of Marine Science, R.O.C. Naval Academy, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ben-Jei Tsuang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture (IDCSA), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Wen Chen
- Department of Maritime Police, Central Police University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ruo-Shan Tseng
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yiing Jang Yang
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hung JJ, Peng SH, Chen CTA, Wei TP, Hwang JS. Reproductive adaptations of the hydrothermal vent crab Xenograpus testudinatus: An isotopic approach. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211516. [PMID: 30730900 PMCID: PMC6366749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The vent crab Xenograpsus testudinatus was firstly discovered in 2000 at the hydrothermal vent field off the coast of Kueishan Island. The present study attempts to understand the adaptive reproduction of this crab living in an extreme environment by examining its spatial and temporal distribution and isotopic signatures. The seasonal variation of the female-male ratio suggests that ovigerous females may migrate from beneath the vent orifice to the vent-periphery region to release their larvae to avoid the larvae contacting high toxic plumes, and then returns to the vent orifice habitat. We used variation of the isotopic crab signatures as indicators for this unique female migration. Our results showed that this vent crab evolved an adaptive modulation of reproductive behavior to successfully survive and propagate in an oceanic shallow hydrothermal vent field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jang Hung
- Department of Oceanography, Asian-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Hung Peng
- Department of Oceanography, Asian-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Research in Water Science & Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Tung Arthur Chen
- Department of Oceanography, Asian-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsui-Ping Wei
- Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiang-Shiou Hwang
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liu K, Gao X, Li L, Chen CTA, Xing Q. Determination of ultra-trace Pt, Pd and Rh in seawater using an off-line pre-concentration method and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Chemosphere 2018; 212:429-437. [PMID: 30153615 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A method was modified for the preconcentration of platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd) and rhodium (Rh) from seawater by a solid phase extraction using a commercially available resin Nobias-chelate PA1®. All the determination was conducted using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) which had a low detection limit for Pt, Pd and Rh, about 16.53, 16.41 and 26.88 pg L-1, respectively. It was found that the adsorption performance of the resin was closely related to the matrix, ligands and pH of the samples. Significant difference in recovery was found in various samples: seawater ≈ artificial seawater > ultra-pure deionized water. This method had low method blank in the range of 5.51-8.89 pg L-1 and high enrichment factor of up to 180-200. The recoveries of Pt and Pd were 93 ± 4.2% in the spiked real seawater. However, the recovery of Rh on the resin was below 70% but stable in the range of 65-68%. It indicated that the Rh recovery seemed to be reproducible and higher volumes of seawater must be processed in order to obtain the lower limit of quantification and excellent recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuelu Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Li Li
- First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, Shandong, 266601, China
| | - Chen-Tung Arthur Chen
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Qianguo Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li Y, Tang K, Zhang L, Zhao Z, Xie X, Chen CTA, Wang D, Jiao N, Zhang Y. Coupled Carbon, Sulfur, and Nitrogen Cycles Mediated by Microorganisms in the Water Column of a Shallow-Water Hydrothermal Ecosystem. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2718. [PMID: 30555427 PMCID: PMC6282030 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Shallow-water hydrothermal vent ecosystems are distinctly different from deep-sea vents, as other than geothermal, sunlight is one of their primary sources of energy, so their resulting microbial communities differ to some extent. Yet compared with deep-sea systems, less is known about the active microbial community in shallow-water ecosystems. Thus, we studied the community compositions, their metabolic pathways, and possible coupling of microbially driven biogeochemical cycles in a shallow-water hydrothermal vent system off Kueishantao Islet, Taiwan, using high-throughput 16S rRNA sequences and metatranscriptome analyses. Gammaproteobacteria and Epsilonbacteraeota were the major active bacterial groups in the 16S rRNA libraries and the metatranscriptomes, and involved in the carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen metabolic pathways. As core players, Thiomicrospira, Thiomicrorhabdus, Thiothrix, Sulfurovum, and Arcobacter derived energy from the oxidation of reduced sulfur compounds and fixed dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) by the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) or reverse tricarboxylic acid cycles. Sox-dependent and reverse sulfate reduction were the main pathways of energy generation, and probably coupled to denitrification by providing electrons to nitrate and nitrite. Sulfur-reducing Nautiliaceae members, accounting for a small proportion in the community, obtained energy by the oxidation of hydrogen, which also supplies metabolic energy for some sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. In addition, ammonia and nitrite oxidation is another type of energy generation in this hydrothermal system, with marker gene sequences belonging to Thaumarchaeota/Crenarchaeota and Nitrospina, respectively, and ammonia and nitrite oxidation was likely coupled to denitrification by providing substrate for nitrate and nitrite reduction to nitric oxide. Moreover, unlike the deep-sea systems, cyanobacteria may also actively participate in major metabolic pathways. This study helps us to better understand biogeochemical processes mediated by microorganisms and possible coupling of the carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen cycles in these unique ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lianbao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zihao Zhao
- Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Xiabing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | | | - Deli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Nianzhi Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang SL, Chen CTA, Huang TH, Tseng HC, Lui HK, Peng TR, Kandasamy S, Zhang J, Yang L, Gao X, Lou JY, Kuo FW, Chen XG, Ye Y, Lin YJ. Submarine Groundwater Discharge helps making nearshore waters heterotrophic. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11650. [PMID: 30076335 PMCID: PMC6076229 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is the submarine seepage of all fluids from coastal sediments into the overlying coastal seas. It has been well documented that the SGD may contribute a great deal of allochthonous nutrients to the coastlines. It is, however, less known how much carbon enters the ocean via the SGD. Nutrients (NO3, NO2, NH4, PO4, SiO2), alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the submarine groundwater were measured at 20 locations around Taiwan for the first time. The total N/P/Si yields from the SGD in Taiwan are respectively 3.28 ± 2.3 × 104, 2.6 ± 1.8 × 102 and 1.89 ± 1.33 × 104 mol/km2/a, compared with 9.5 ± 6.7 × 105 mol/km2/a for alkalinity and 8.8 ± 6.2 × 105 mol/km2/a for DIC. To compare with literature data, yields for the major estuary across the Taiwan Strait (Jiulong River) are comparable except for P which is extremely low. Primary production supported by these nutrient outflows is insufficient to compensate the DIC supplied by the SGD. As a result, the SGD helps making the coastal waters in Taiwan and Jiulong River heterotrophic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Lun Wang
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Nanzih Campus., Kaohsiung, 811, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Tung Arthur Chen
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan.
| | - Ting-Hsuan Huang
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chun Tseng
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan.,UNESCO UNITWIN/WiCop. Physical Chemistry Department. Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Polígono río San Pedro s/n, University of Cadiz, 11519, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Hon-Kit Lui
- Taiwan Ocean Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Kaohsiung, 801, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ren Peng
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Selvaraj Kandasamy
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Liyang Yang
- College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Xuelu Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Jiann-Yuh Lou
- Department of Marine Science, Republic of China Naval Academy, Kaohsiung, 813, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Wen Kuo
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Pingtung, 944, Taiwan
| | - Xue-Gang Chen
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Ye
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi-Jie Lin
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pan C, Shi Y, Auckloo BN, Chen CTA, Chen X, Wu X, Wu B. Four Verrucosidin Derivatives Isolated from the Hydrothermal Vent Sulfur-Derived Fungus Penicillium sp. Y-50-10. Chem Nat Compd 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-018-2316-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
22
|
Pan C, Shi Y, Auckloo BN, Hassan SSU, Akhter N, Wang K, Ye Y, Arthur Chen CT, Tao X, Wu B. Isolation and Antibiotic Screening of Fungi from a Hydrothermal Vent Site and Characterization of Secondary Metabolites from a Penicillium Isolate. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2017; 19:469-479. [PMID: 28698959 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-017-9765-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Five new compounds were isolated from Penicillium sp. Y-5-2 including an austin derivative 4, four isocoumarins 9, 11, 12, and 13, together with two known isocoumarins 8 and 10, and six known austin derivatives 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, and 7 and one phenol 14. Their structures and relative configurations were established by spectroscopic means. The absolute configurations of 4, 11, and 13 were defined mainly by comparison of quantum chemical TDDFT calculated and experimental ECD spectra. The cyclization of the pentan-2-ol pendant at C-3 in compound 13 allowed the assignment of a new 2,3,4,4a,6,10b-hexahydro-1H-benzo[c]chromene isocoumarin skeleton. New compounds 9, 11, and 13 revealed inhibitory activities against E. coli at MIC values around 32 μg/mL. The known compound 14 showed potent antibiotic activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis with MIC values 8 and 2 μg/mL, respectively, with no cytotoxicity when tested in vitro. A rapid and efficient technique for selecting antibiotic fungal strain among eight marine-derived fungi was also described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengqian Pan
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yutong Shi
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | | | | | - Najeeb Akhter
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kuiwu Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Ying Ye
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chen-Tung Arthur Chen
- Institute of Marine Geology and Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Shi Y, Pan C, Wang K, Chen X, Wu X, Chen CTA, Wu B. Synthetic multispecies microbial communities reveals shifts in secondary metabolism and facilitates cryptic natural product discovery. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:3606-3618. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Shi
- Ocean College; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Chengqian Pan
- Ocean College; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Kuiwu Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Zhejiang Gongshang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Xuegang Chen
- Ocean College; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Xiaodan Wu
- Ocean College; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Chen-Tung Arthur Chen
- Ocean College; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
- Department of Oceanography; National Sun Yat-Sen University; Kaohsiung 80424 Taiwan
| | - Bin Wu
- Ocean College; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yang L, Zhuang WE, Chen CTA, Wang BJ, Kuo FW. Unveiling the transformation and bioavailability of dissolved organic matter in contrasting hydrothermal vents using fluorescence EEM-PARAFAC. Water Res 2017; 111:195-203. [PMID: 28088716 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The submarine hydrothermal systems are extreme environments where active cycling of dissolved organic matter (DOM) may occur. However, little is known about the optical properties and bioavailability of hydrothermal DOM, which could provide valuable insights into its transformation processes and biogeochemical reactivity. The quantity, quality, and bioavailability of DOM were investigated for four very different hydrothermal vents east of Taiwan, using dissolved organic carbon (DOC), absorption spectroscopy, and fluorescence excitation-emission matrices-parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC). The DOC and absorption coefficient a280 were both lower in the two hydrothermal vents off the Orchid Island and on the Green Island than in the surrounding seawater and the two vents off the Kueishantao Island, indicating effective removals of DOM in the former two hydrothermal systems owing to possible adsorption/co-precipitation and thermal degradation respectively. The four hydrothermal DOM showed notable differences in the absorption spectral slope S275-295, humification index HIX, biological index BIX, EEM spectra, and the relative distributions of seven PARAFAC components. The results demonstrated a high diversity of chemical composition and transformation history of DOM under contrasting hydrothermal conditions. The little change in the hydrothermal DOC after 28-day microbial incubations indicated a low bioavailability of the bulk DOM, and different PARAFAC components showed contrasting bioavailability. The results have profound implications for understanding the biogeochemical cycling and environmental effects of hydrothermal DOM in the marine environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Yang
- College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China; Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wan-E Zhuang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Chen-Tung Arthur Chen
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; The Second Institute of Oceanology, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, PR China.
| | - Bing-Jye Wang
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fu-Wen Kuo
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan, ROC
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pan C, Shi Y, Chen X, Chen CTA, Tao X, Wu B. New compounds from a hydrothermal vent crab-associated fungus Aspergillus versicolor XZ-4. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:1155-1163. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02374f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three new quinazoline derivatives (1–3), one new oxepin-containing natural product (4) and four new cyclopenin derivatives (5–7 and 9) have been isolated from an EtOAc extract of the Taiwan Kueishantao hydrothermal vent crab-associated fungus Aspergillus versicolor XZ-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengqian Pan
- Ocean College
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- China
| | - Yutong Shi
- Ocean College
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- China
| | - Xuegang Chen
- Ocean College
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- China
| | - Chen-Tung Arthur Chen
- Institute of Marine Geology and Chemistry
- National Sun Yat-sen University
- Kaohsiung 80424
- Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Bin Wu
- Ocean College
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhang Y, Gao X, Wang C, Chen CTA, Zhou F, Yang Y. Geochemistry of phosphorus in sediment cores from Sishili Bay, China. Mar Pollut Bull 2016; 113:552-558. [PMID: 27568931 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the distribution of total phosphorus (P), inorganic P (IP) and organic P in sediment cores from Sishili Bay, China. Their concentrations (μmolg-1) ranged from 15.04 to 21.59, 12.43 to 18.27 and 0.15 to 5.11, respectively, showing 87.6-96.9% of TP is IP. The distribution of the fractionation of IP , obtained by a sequential extraction technique, was 1.9-3.2% for soluble and loosely bound P (Ex-P), 8.5-13.1% for Al-bound from (Al-P), 7.4-9.5% for Fe-bound P (Fe-P), 5.0-12.4% for reductant-soluble P (Oc-P), 9.7-15.6% for CaCO3-bound P (ACa-P) and 45.9-54.6% for detritus P (Det-P). The P distribution and concentration was consistent with other Chinese coastal seas. No significant difference was found for the sedimentary P forms between scallop cultivation area and background area, indicating that shellfish aquaculture did not have significant effect on the depositional environment in the studied area, at least in case of P.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Environmental Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Xuelu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Environmental Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China; Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China.
| | - Changyou Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210044, China
| | - Chen-Tung Arthur Chen
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Fengxia Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Environmental Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Yuwei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Environmental Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gao X, Zhou F, Lui HK, Lou JY, Chen CTA, Zhuang W. Trace metals in surface sediments of the Taiwan Strait: geochemical characteristics and environmental indication. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:10494-10503. [PMID: 26514571 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5669-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The concentration and geochemical fractionation of six trace metals related with environmental quality assessment, namely Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn, in 30 surface sediments from both inshore and offshore areas of the Taiwan Strait were measured to investigate their distribution characteristics, evaluate their potential mobility, and assess their pollution status. The geoaccumulation index results indicated that, on average, the studied metals presented an order of Cd > Pb > Ni > Zn > Cu > Cr and were practically in uncontaminated status except Cd. The results of the sequential extraction analysis indicated that, on average, the studied metals were mostly accumulated in residual fraction except Cd whose concentration was the highest in the acid soluble fraction presenting a high risk to the environment, and their mobility decreased in the sequence of Cd > Pb > Ni > Cu > Zn > Cr. Based on the mean probable effect level quotients, the combination of the studied metals had an 8 % probability of being toxic at two sampling sites and had a 21 % probability of being toxic at the rest of sites. The spatial distribution of the studied metals in total concentrations and different geochemical fractions corroborated the previous findings about the possible sediment transportation routes in and around the Taiwan Strait.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuelu Gao
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
| | - Fengxia Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
| | - Hon-Kit Lui
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Yuh Lou
- Department of Marine Science, Naval Academy, Tsoying, Kaohsiung, 813, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Tung Arthur Chen
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan.
| | - Wen Zhuang
- College of City and Architecture Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, 277160, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pan Y, Fan W, Huang TH, Wang SL, Chen CTA. Evaluation of the sinks and sources of atmospheric CO2 by artificial upwelling. Sci Total Environ 2015; 511:692-702. [PMID: 25616188 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Artificial upwelling is considered a promising way to reduce the accumulation of anthropogenic carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. This practice could transport nutrient-rich deep water to the euphotic zone, enhance phytoplankton growth and consequently increase organic carbon exportation to the deep ocean via the biological pump. However, only a few studies quantitatively assess changes in oceanic CO2 uptake resulting from artificial upwelling. This article uses a simulation to examine the effect of hypothetical artificial upwelling-induced variations of CO2 fugacity in seawater (fCO2) using observed carbon and nutrient data from 14 stations, ranging from 21 to 43°N, in the West Philippine Sea (WPS), the East China Sea (ECS) and the Sea of Japan. Calculations are based on two basic assumptions: First, a near-field mixing of a nutrient-rich deep-ocean water plume in a stratified ocean environment is assumed to form given the presence of an artificial upwelling devise with appropriate technical parameters. Second, it is assumed that photosynthesis of marine phytoplankton could deplete all available nutrients following the stoichiometry of the modified Redfield ratio C/H/O/N/S/P=103.1/181.7/93.4/11.7/2.1/1. Results suggest artificial upwelling has significant effects on regional changes in sea-air differences (ΔfCO2sea-air) and the carbon sequestration potential (ΔfCO2mixed-amb). Large variations of ΔfCO2sea-air and ΔfCO2mixed-amb are shown to be associated with different regions, seasons and technical parameters of the artificial upwelling device. With proper design, it is possible to reverse the contribution of artificial upwelling from a strong CO2 source to sink. Thus, artificial upwelling has the potential to succeed as a geoengineering technique to sequester anthropogenic CO2, with appropriate technical parameters in the right region and season.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Pan
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ting-Hsuan Huang
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Lun Wang
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung Institute of Marine Technology, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Tung Arthur Chen
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Gao X, Zhuang W, Chen CTA, Zhang Y. Sediment quality of the SW coastal Laizhou Bay, Bohai Sea, China: a comprehensive assessment based on the analysis of heavy metals. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122190. [PMID: 25816338 PMCID: PMC4376849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, the Bohai Sea is one of the most important fishing grounds in China. Yet, surrounded by one of the biggest economic rims of China, its ecological functions have been declining rapidly in recent two decades under the heavy anthropogenic impacts. The Laizhou Bay is the smallest one of the three main bays in the Bohai Sea. Owing to the rich brine deposits, chemical industries using brine as raw materials are booming in the southern coast of the Laizhou Bay, the scale of which ranks as the largest one in China. In order to monitor and assess the environmental quality, surface sediments were collected from the coastal waters of southwestern Laizhou Bay and the rivers it connects with during summer and autumn in 2012, and analyzed for heavy metals. Several widely adopted methods were used in the overall assessment of heavy metal pollution status and potential ecological risks in these sediments, and the data were analyzed to infer the main sources of the pollutants. The results showed that the remarkably high concentrations of heavy metals were almost all recorded in a small number of riverine sites. Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn were the main environmental threat according to the sediment quality guidelines. The marine area was generally in good condition with no or low risk from the studied metals and adverse effects on biota could hardly occur. Natural sources dominated the concentrations and distributions of Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in the marine area. Our results indicated that heavy metal pollution was not a main cause of the ecological degradation of the Laizhou Bay at present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuelu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| | - Wen Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, China
- College of City and Architecture Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | | | - Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang Y, Gao X, Arthur Chen CT. Rare earth elements in intertidal sediments of Bohai Bay, China: concentration, fractionation and the influence of sediment texture. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2014; 105:72-79. [PMID: 24793516 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Surface sediments from intertidal Bohai Bay were assessed using a four-step sequential extraction procedure to determine their concentrations of rare earth elements (REEs) and the chemical forms in which those elements were present. The normalized ratios La/Gd and La/Yb showed that LREE contents were not significantly higher than the middle REEs or HREE contents. A negative Ce anomaly and positive Eu were observed in sand and silty sand sediments, whereas no significant Ce or Eu anomaly was found in clayey silt sediments. Residual fraction of REEs accounted for the majority of their total concentrations. Middle REEs were more easily leached than other REEs, especially in clayey silt sediment. REEs contents in the surface sediment from the intertidal Bohai Sea were consistent with data from the upper continental crust and China shallow sea sediments, indicating that they were generally unaffected by heavily anthropogenic effects from adjacent areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Xuelu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China; Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Chen-Tung Arthur Chen
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gao X, Zhou F, Chen CTA. Pollution status of the Bohai Sea: an overview of the environmental quality assessment related trace metals. Environ Int 2014; 62:12-30. [PMID: 24161379 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
It is well recognized that the ecosystem of the Bohai Sea is being rapidly degraded and the Sea has basically lost its function as a fishing ground. Billions of funds have been spent in slowing down, halting and finally reversing the environmental deterioration of the Bohai Sea. Although trace metals are routinely monitored, the data with high temporal resolution for a clear understanding of biogeochemical processes in the ecosystem of the Bohai Sea are insufficient, especially in the western literature. In this review, status of trace metal contamination in the Bohai Sea is assessed based on a comprehensive review of their concentrations recorded in the waters, sediments and organisms over the past decades. Studies show that metal contamination in the Bohai Sea is closely associated with the fast economic growth in the past decades. Concentrations of trace metals are high in coastal areas especially in the estuaries. Alarmingly high metal concentrations are observed in the waters, sediments and organisms from the western Bohai Bay and the northern Liaodong Bay, especially the coasts near Huludao in the northernmost area of the Bohai Sea, which is being polluted by industrial sewage from the surrounding areas. The knowledge of the speciation and fractionation of trace metals and the influence of submarine groundwater discharge on the biogeochemistry of trace metals in the Bohai Sea is far from enough and related work needs to be done urgently to get a better understanding of the influence of trace metals on the ecosystem of the Bohai Sea. A clear understanding of the trace metal pollution status of the Bohai Sea could not be achieved presently for lack of systematic cooperation in different research fields. It is quite necessary to apply the environmental and ecological modeling to the investigation of trace metals in the Bohai Sea and then provide foundations for the protection of the environment and ecosystem of the Bohai Sea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuelu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China; Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Jiang W, Ye P, Chen CTA, Wang K, Liu P, He S, Wu X, Gan L, Ye Y, Wu B. Two novel hepatocellular carcinoma cycle inhibitory cyclodepsipeptides from a hydrothermal vent crab-associated fungus Aspergillus clavatus C2WU. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:4761-72. [PMID: 24317468 PMCID: PMC3877885 DOI: 10.3390/md11124761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Two novel cyclodepsipeptides containing an unusual anthranilic acid dimer and a d-phenyllactic acid residues, clavatustides A (1) and B (2), were identified from cultured mycelia and broth of Aspergillus clavatus C2WU isolated from Xenograpsus testudinatus, which lives at extreme, toxic habitat around the sulphur-rich hydrothermal vents in Taiwan Kueishantao. This is the first example of cyclopeptides containing an anthranilic acid dimer in natural products, and the first report of microbial secondary metabolites from the hydrothermal vent crab. Clavatustides A (1) and B (2) suppressed the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines (HepG2, SMMC-7721 and Bel-7402) in a dose-dependent manner, and induced an accumulation of HepG2 cells in G1 phase and reduction of cells in S phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; E-Mails: (W.J.); (X.W.); (L.G.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Panpan Ye
- Eye center, the second affiliated hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China; E-Mail:
| | - Chen-Tung Arthur Chen
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; E-Mails: (W.J.); (X.W.); (L.G.); (Y.Y.)
- Institute of Marine Geology and Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Kuiwu Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; E-Mail:
| | - Pengyuan Liu
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clippinger Laboratories, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, OH, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Shan He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo 315211, China; E-Mail:
| | - Xiaodan Wu
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; E-Mails: (W.J.); (X.W.); (L.G.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Lishe Gan
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; E-Mails: (W.J.); (X.W.); (L.G.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Ying Ye
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; E-Mails: (W.J.); (X.W.); (L.G.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Bin Wu
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; E-Mails: (W.J.); (X.W.); (L.G.); (Y.Y.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel./Fax: +86-571-8820-8540
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gao X, Li P, Chen CTA. Assessment of sediment quality in two important areas of mariculture in the Bohai Sea and the northern Yellow Sea based on acid-volatile sulfide and simultaneously extracted metal results. Mar Pollut Bull 2013; 72:281-288. [PMID: 23465622 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The surface sediments from Laizhou Bay (LB) and the coastal sea around Zhangzi Island (ZI) were analyzed for acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) and simultaneously extracted metals (SEMs) to assess the sediment quality. These two areas, especially LB, are important mariculture bases in China and are significantly affected by the Yellow River. The concentrations of AVS ([AVS]) and SEM ([SEM]) varied in the ranges 0.71-11.03 and 0.10-0.74 μmol g(-1) dry weight, respectively. [AVS] was generally low in the river outlet area and increased in the seaward direction in LB. [AVS] was significantly and positively correlated with TOC. [SEM] was significantly and positively correlated with TOC, the water content of sediment and the fine sediment fraction and it was significantly and negatively correlated with coarse sediment fraction. The obtained results suggest that the surface sediments of LB and ZI were of high quality and not likely to cause negative effects on their ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuelu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research(YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Fan W, Chen CTA, Chen Y. Calibration of an acoustic system for measuring 2-D temperature distribution around hydrothermal vents. Ultrasonics 2013; 53:897-906. [PMID: 23375572 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2012.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2012] [Revised: 12/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
One of the fundamental purposes of quantitative acoustic surveys of seafloor hydrothermal vents is to measure their 2-D temperature distributions. Knowing the system latencies and the acoustic center-to-center distances between the underwater transducers in an acoustic tomography system is fundamental to the overall accuracy of the temperature reconstruction. However, commercial transducer sources typically do not supply the needed data. Here we present a novel calibration algorithm to automatically determine the system latencies and the acoustic center-to-center distances. The possible system latency error and the resulting temperature error are derived and analyzed. We have also developed the experimental setup for calibration. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed calibration method, an experimental study was performed on acoustic imaging of underwater temperature fields in Lake Qiezishan, located at Longling County, Yunnan Province, China. Using the calibrated data, the reconstructed temperature distributions closely resemble the actual distributions measured with thermocouples, thus confirming the effectiveness of our algorithm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fan
- Department of Ocean Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhang Y, Zhao Z, Chen CTA, Tang K, Su J, Jiao N. Sulfur metabolizing microbes dominate microbial communities in Andesite-hosted shallow-sea hydrothermal systems. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44593. [PMID: 22970260 PMCID: PMC3436782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine microbial community composition, community spatial structure and possible key microbial processes in the shallow-sea hydrothermal vent systems off NE Taiwan’s coast, we examined the bacterial and archaeal communities of four samples collected from the water column extending over a redoxocline gradient of a yellow and four from a white hydrothermal vent. Ribosomal tag pyrosequencing based on DNA and RNA showed statistically significant differences between the bacterial and archaeal communities of the different hydrothermal plumes. The bacterial and archaeal communities from the white hydrothermal plume were dominated by sulfur-reducing Nautilia and Thermococcus, whereas the yellow hydrothermal plume and the surface water were dominated by sulfide-oxidizing Thiomicrospira and Euryarchaeota Marine Group II, respectively. Canonical correspondence analyses indicate that methane (CH4) concentration was the only statistically significant variable that explains all community cluster patterns. However, the results of pyrosequencing showed an essential absence of methanogens and methanotrophs at the two vent fields, suggesting that CH4 was less tied to microbial processes in this shallow-sea hydrothermal system. We speculated that mixing between hydrothermal fluids and the sea or meteoric water leads to distinctly different CH4 concentrations and redox niches between the yellow and white vents, consequently influencing the distribution patterns of the free-living Bacteria and Archaea. We concluded that sulfur-reducing and sulfide-oxidizing chemolithoautotrophs accounted for most of the primary biomass synthesis and that microbial sulfur metabolism fueled microbial energy flow and element cycling in the shallow hydrothermal systems off the coast of NE Taiwan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (NJ)
| | - Zihao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chen-Tung Arthur Chen
- Institute of Marine Geology and Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jianqiang Su
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Nianzhi Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (NJ)
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gao X, Chen CTA. Heavy metal pollution status in surface sediments of the coastal Bohai Bay. Water Res 2012; 46:1901-1911. [PMID: 22285040 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2011] [Revised: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Bohai Bay, the second largest bay of Bohai Sea, largely due to the huge amount of pollutants discharged into it annually and its geohydrologic condition, is considered to be one of the most polluted marine areas in China. To slow down, halt and finally reverse the environmental deterioration of Bohai Sea, some researchers have proposed to connect it with Jiaozhou Bay in the western coast of Southern Yellow Sea by digging an interbasin canal through Shandong Peninsula. In order to assess the heavy metal pollution and provide background information for such a large geoengineering scheme, surface sediments from 42 stations covering both riverine and marine regions of the northwestern coast of Bohai Bay were analyzed for heavy metal content and fractionation (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn). Three empirically derived sediment quality guidelines were used to assess the pollution extent of these metals. The studied metals had low mobility except for Cd at all stations and Zn at some riverine stations. Although a high mobility of Cd was observed, it could hardly cause a bad effect on the environment owing to its low total concentrations. Anthropogenic influence on the accumulation of studied heavy metals in sediments of Bohai Bay was obvious, but their contents were relatively lower to date comparing with some other marine coastal areas that receive important anthropogenic inputs. Taking as a whole, surface sediments of northwestern Bohai Bay had a 21% probability of toxicity based on the mean effects range-median quotient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuelu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), YICCAS, Yantai Shandong 264003, PR China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
|
38
|
|
39
|
Aldrian E, Chen CTA, Adi S, Prihartanto, Sudiana N, Nugroho SP. Spatial and seasonal dynamics of riverine carbon fluxes of the Brantas catchment in East Java. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jg000626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
40
|
Zhang SR, Lu XX, Higgitt DL, Chen CTA, Sun HG, Han JT. Water chemistry of the Zhujiang (Pearl River): Natural processes and anthropogenic influences. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jf000493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
41
|
Jiao N, Zhang Y, Zeng Y, Gardner WD, Mishonov AV, Richardson MJ, Hong N, Pan D, Yan XH, Jo YH, Chen CTA, Wang P, Chen Y, Hong H, Bai Y, Chen X, Huang B, Deng H, Shi Y, Yang D. Ecological anomalies in the East China Sea: impacts of the Three Gorges Dam? Water Res 2007; 41:1287-93. [PMID: 17296216 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2006.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2006] [Revised: 11/19/2006] [Accepted: 11/21/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined possible impacts of the Yangtze River Three Gorges Dam (TGD), the world largest hydroelectric construction, on the adjacent marine ecosystem of the East China Sea (ECS) during its initial water storage period. The TGD filled the first one-third of its storage capacity of 39 billion m3 in 10 days in June 2003, causing an abrupt reduction in the river flow into the ECS. Noticeable changes in the microbial community structure including pico-sized autotrophs, heterotrophic bacteria and microbial diversity in the estuary and the ECS were observed 2 months later. Although causes for these changes could be multiple, the sudden decrease of river runoff and an ensuing intrusion of ECS ocean currents were postulated to be among the major ones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nianzhi Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
|
43
|
|
44
|
|
45
|
Chen CTA. Response to Liu's comments on “The Kuroshio intermediate water is the major source of nutrients on the East China Sea continental shelf” by Chen (1996). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0399-1784(99)80027-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
46
|
Chen CTA, Wang SL. Influence of intermediate water in the western Okinawa Trough by the outflow from the South China Sea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jc00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
47
|
|
48
|
|
49
|
|