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Reply to 'Critical considerations on tDCS-mediated changes in corticospinal response to fatiguing exercise'. J Physiol 2023; 601:705. [PMID: 36634118 DOI: 10.1113/jp284271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Haemoglobin Concentration and Cognitive Ability in the Aberdeen Children of the 1950s. Cureus 2022; 14:e21806. [PMID: 35251870 PMCID: PMC8890452 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Haemoglobin concentrations decrease with age. Abnormally low and high haemoglobin concentrations are associated with reduced cognition; however, the evidence for these associations in cohort data is limited. This study aims to assess the relationship between haemoglobin concentration and cognition in a well-characterised cohort of older adults. Methods Two hundred and fifty-two healthy participants were drawn from the Aberdeen Children of the 1950s cohort, aged between 59 to 65 years. Participants underwent cognitive tests of processing speed, memory, verbal and nonverbal reasoning, and language ability and these were used to construct a global cognitive score, g, using principal component analysis. Haemoglobin concentration in the blood was measured concurrently. Hierarchical multiple regression models were constructed assessing the relationship between haemoglobin concentration and each cognitive measure and these were corrected for age, sex, education, C-reactive protein, hypertension, and body mass index. Results Significant linear association between haemoglobin concentration and nonverbal reasoning demonstrated that low haemoglobin levels are associated with lower scores. A quadratic relationship was found for haemoglobin concentration and immediate memory scores in which low and high haemoglobin levels were associated with lower scores. Conclusions Haemoglobin concentration was found to have a significant linear association with nonverbal reasoning scores and a significant quadratic association with memory scores. The results from this study help to understand the association between haemoglobin and different aspects of cognition.
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Imprinting methylation predicts hippocampal volumes and hyperintensities and the change with age in later life. Sci Rep 2021; 11:943. [PMID: 33441584 PMCID: PMC7806645 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78062-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic imprinting is important for neurogenesis and brain function. Hippocampal volumes and brain hyperintensities in late life have been associated with early life circumstances. Epigenetic imprinting may underpin these associations. Methylation was measured at 982 sites in 13 imprinted locations in blood samples from a longitudinal cohort by bisulphite amplicon sequencing. Hippocampal volumes and hyperintensities were determined at age 64y and 72y using MRI. Hyperintensities were determined in white matter, grey matter and infratentorial regions. Permutation methods were used to adjust for multiple testing. At 64y, H19/IGF2 and NESPAS methylation predicted hippocampal volumes. PEG3 predicted hyperintensities in hippocampal grey matter, and white matter. GNASXL predicted grey matter hyperintensities. Changes with age were predicted for hippocampal volume (MEST1, KvDMR, L3MBTL, GNASXL), white matter (MEST1, PEG3) and hippocampal grey matter hyperintensities (MCTS2, GNASXL, NESPAS, L3MBTL, MCTS2, SNRPN, MEST1). Including childhood cognitive ability, years in education, or socioeconomic status as additional explanatory variables in regression analyses did not change the overall findings. Imprinting methylation in multiple genes predicts brain structures, and their change over time. These findings are potentially relevant to the development of novel tests of brain structure and function across the life-course, strategies to improve cognitive outcomes, and our understanding of early influences on brain development and function.
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Circulating asymmetric dimethylarginine and cognitive decline: A 4-year follow-up study of the 1936 Aberdeen Birth Cohort. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2020; 35:1181-1188. [PMID: 32452069 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The underlying mechanisms leading to dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are unclear. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, may be associated with cognitive decline, but population-based evidence is lacking. METHODS Change in cognitive performance was assessed in participants of the Aberdeen Birth Cohort of 1936 using longitudinal Raven's progressive matrices (RPM) between 2000 and 2004. Multiple linear regression was used to estimate the association between ADMA concentrations in 2000 and change in cognitive performance after adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS A total of 93 participants had complete information on cognitive performance between 2000 and 2004. Mean plasma ADMA concentrations were approximately 0.4 μmol/L lower in those participants with stable or improved RPM scores over follow-up compared with participants whose cognitive performance worsened. In confounder-adjusted analysis, one SD (0.06 μmol/L) increase in ADMA at 63 years of age was associated with an average reduction in RPM of 1.26 points (95% CI 0.14-2.26) after 4 years. CONCLUSION Raised plasma ADMA concentrations predicted worsening cognitive performance after approximately 4 years in this cohort of adults in late-middle age. These findings have implications for future research, including presymptomatic diagnosis or novel therapeutic targets for dementia and AD.
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The epidemiology of polypharmacy in a large cohort with linked health records in Scotland. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.1141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Our understanding of the potential harm of taking multiple medications in older, multi-morbid populations is limited. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of polypharmacy and its association with hospitalisation in a large cohort with linked health data.
Methods
Prescription data and hospital admission records of the Aberdeen Children of the 1950s (ACONF) Cohort were extracted from the National Health Services Scotland database and linked from 2011-2016. We estimated polypharmacy by measuring monthly drug exposure for 1) total number of prescribed medications and 2) total number of defined daily doses (DDDs). Cox proportional hazard models (adjusted for demographics, socioeconomic circumstances and health conditions) were used to examine the association of polypharmacy and hospitalisation.
Results
Prescription records were linked for 8,713 cohort members. Mean age at baseline was 58.5 years (SD = 1.5) and 50% were female. 1,994 individuals (23%) had at least one health condition and 8% of population had multimorbidity. The proportion of cohort with polypharmacy assessed using taking 5+ medications and taking 5+ DDDs at baseline were 12.7% (female=12.6% vs male=12.7%, P = 0.179), and 15.5% (female=13.8% vs male=17.1%, P < 0.001) respectively. Of all the cohort, 4,365 admitted to hospital (mean follow-up of 3.5 years, total 30,269 person-years). Adjusted hazard ratios for hospitalisation were 1.51 (95 % CI 1.39,1.64, P < 0.001) for polypharmacy measured by number of medications and 1.40 (95 % CI 1.29,1.51 P < 0.001) for polypharmacy estimated by number of daily doses.
Conclusions
Polypharmacy is independently associated with increased risk of hospitalisation. This association could signify polypharmacy as a risk factor and a marker of poor outcome. Data linkage can generate evidence-based information for future policy and health services to improve polypharmacy measurement and management.
Key messages
Data linkage is a cost effective and contemporary return on the investment in data collection and research in public health. Improvement in evidence to better understand the relationship between polypharmacy and health outcomes should be a priority to optimise treatment in older people with various chronic conditions.
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Impact of baseline serum lactate dehydrogenase concentration on the efficacy of pembrolizumab and ipilimumab in patients with advanced melanoma: data from KEYNOTE-006. Eur J Cancer 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(17)30482-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Outcomes of patients with non-melanoma solid tumours receiving self-funded pembrolizumab at Chris O'Brien Lifehouse. Intern Med J 2016; 46:1392-1398. [DOI: 10.1111/imj.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Estimating the percentage of patients with advanced melanoma achieving long-term survival with pembrolizumab (Pembro) treatment in KEYNOTE-006. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw379.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Overall survival (OS) and safety results from a phase 3 trial of ipilimumab (IPI) at 3 mg/kg vs 10 mg/kg in patients with metastatic melanoma (MEL). Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw379.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Brain hyperintensity location determines outcome in the triad of impaired cognition, physical health and depressive symptoms: A cohort study in late life. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2015; 63:49-54. [PMID: 26791171 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Brain hyperintensities, detectable with MRI, increase with age. They are associated with a triad of impairment in cognitive ability, depression and physical health. Here we test the hypothesis that the association between hyperintensities and cognitive ability, physical health and depressive symptoms depends on lesion location. DESIGN AND METHODS 244 members of the Aberdeen 1936 Birth Cohort were recruited to this study. 227 participants completed brain MRI and their hyperintensities were scored using Scheltens's scale. 205 had complete imaging, cognitive, physical health and depressive symptom score data. The relationships between hyperintensity location and depressive symptoms, cognitive ability and physical health were examined by correlation and structural equation analysis. RESULTS We found that depressive symptoms correlated with hyperintensity burden in the grey matter (r=0.14, p=0.04) and infratentorial regions (r=0.17, p=0.01). Infratentorial hyperintensities correlated with reduced peak expiratory flow rate (r=-0.26, p<0.001) and impaired gait (r=0.13, p=0.05). No relationship was found between white matter and periventricular (supratentoral) hyperintensities and depressive symptoms. Hyperintensities in the supratentorial and infratentorial regions were associated with reduced cognitive performance. Using structural equation modelling we found that the association between hyperintensities and depressive symptoms was mediated by negative effects on physical health and cognitive ability. CONCLUSIONS Hyperintensities in deep brain structures are associated with depressive symptoms, mediated via impaired physical health and cognitive ability. Participants with higher cognitive ability and better physical health are at lower risk of depressive symptoms.
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Progression ofKRASmutant pancreatic adenocarcinoma during vemurafenib treatment in a patient with metastatic melanoma. Intern Med J 2014; 44:597-600. [DOI: 10.1111/imj.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Successful management of life-threatening disseminated intravascular coagulopathy due to metastatic melanoma. Intern Med J 2014; 44:207-8. [PMID: 24528820 DOI: 10.1111/imj.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abciximab after IV rt-PA for Fluctuating Lacunar Syndrome (P07.005). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Stroke Severity May Impact Speed of Diagnosis & Thrombolysis (P04.058). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Is It Possible To Provide Stroke Care with Lower Cost, a Cost Analysis of In-Hospital Care of Patients Received TPA (P05.227). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p05.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Vitamin E and Prostate Cancer: Research Focus Turns to Biologic Mechanisms. J Natl Cancer Inst 2011; 103:1731-4. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djr504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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P1-S6.10 Acceptability of Anal Pap self-screening in high-risk women: findings from English and Spanish focus groups in Northern California. Br J Vener Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2011-050108.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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PI3K Pathway Activation in Breast Cancer Is Associated with the Basal-Like Phenotype and Cancer-Specific Mortality. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-09-2123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Current biological therapies for breast cancer are tailored to steroid hormone (ER, PR) and HER2 receptor status. Understanding the biological basis of resistance to current targeted therapies and the identification of new potential therapeutic targets is an ongoing challenge. The PI3K pathway is altered in a high proportion of breast cancers and may be associated with specific phenotypes and therapeutic resistance. We undertook an integrative study of mutational, copy number and expression analysis of key regulators of the PI3K pathway in a cohort of 292 invasive breast cancer patients with known treatment outcomes.Material and Methods: Mutations in 3 "hotspots" in exons 9 and 20 of the PIK3CA gene were determined by sequencing and PIK3CA gene copy number by qPCR. PTEN loss and Akt activation i.e. pAkt (Ser473) were assessed by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarrays. Cores were scored by 2 independent observers blinded to clinicopathological data and patient outcome and a histoscore calculated by multiplying the percent positive cells and staining intensity in a range 0-3. Standard statistical tests were applied to assess relationship between the measured parameters and patient outcome.Results: Alterations identified included PIK3CA mutations (12/168 i.e. 7%), PIK3CA copy number gain (28/209 i.e. 14%), PTEN loss (73/258 i.e. 28%) and AKT activation (62/258 i.e. 24%). Overall at least one parameter was altered in 72% i.e. 139 of 193 assessable primary breast cancers. PI3K pathway activation was significantly associated with ER negative (P=0.0008) and PR negative (P=0.006) status, high tumor grade (P=0.032) and a "basal-like" phenotype (P=0.01), where 92% (25/27) of tumors had an altered pathway. In univariate analysis PI3K pathway aberrations were associated with death from breast cancer however this relationship was not maintained in multivariate analysis. No association was identified between an activated pathway and outcome in tamoxifen- or chemotherapy-treated patients.Discussion: We conclude that >70% of breast cancers have an alteration in at least one component of the PI3K pathway and this might be exploited to therapeutic advantage especially in "basal-like" cancers.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2123.
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Human Papillomavirus and Oral Cancer: Looking Toward the Clinic. J Natl Cancer Inst 2008; 100:840-2. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djn198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Consensus meeting to focus on adjuvant therapy for breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000; 92:1563. [PMID: 11018091 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/92.19.1563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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WHO reorganizes, groups cancer program with other non-communicable diseases. J Natl Cancer Inst 1999; 91:1355. [PMID: 10451434 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/91.16.1355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Prioritize, prioritize: WHO campaigns for national cancer programs. J Natl Cancer Inst 1999; 91:1354-5. [PMID: 10451433 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/91.16.1354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Can guidelines be integrated into everyday practice? The NCCN in year 4. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. J Natl Cancer Inst 1999; 91:753-5. [PMID: 10328101 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/91.9.753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
A 54-year-old man developed somnolent akinetic mutism and acute mixed transcortical aphasia following a left thalamo-mesencephalic infarction. He also exhibited behavioural changes, namely apathy, slowness, lack of spontaneity, disinhibition, perseveration, gait apraxia and incontinence consistent with frontal lobe dysfunction. Presumably the akinetic mutism and language dysfunction were due to the thalamic stroke. All the manifestations could be related to interruption of the frontal-subcortical circuitry.
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Using HER2 to choose chemotherapy in breast cancer: is it ready for the clinic? J Natl Cancer Inst 1999; 91:110-2. [PMID: 9923848 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/91.2.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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In early breast cancer, who does not need chemo? The hunt for prognostic markers. J Natl Cancer Inst 1998; 90:1594-6. [PMID: 9811306 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/90.21.1594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Re: In Search of the Perfect SERM: Beyond Tamoxifen and Raloxifene Response. J Natl Cancer Inst 1998. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/90.21.1671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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A good death. J Palliat Care 1998; 14:5-6. [PMID: 9575707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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New cooperative trial group will focus on oncologic surgery. J Natl Cancer Inst 1998; 90:653-4. [PMID: 9586661 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/90.9.653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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