1
|
Binet S, Charlier JB, Jozja N, Défarge C, Moquet JS. Evidence of long term biogeochemical interactions in carbonate weathering: The role of planktonic microorganisms and riverine bivalves in a large fluviokarst system. Sci Total Environ 2022; 842:156823. [PMID: 35738376 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The infiltration of organic-rich surface waters towards groundwaters, is known to play a significant role in carbonate weathering and in contributing to the atmospheric continental carbon sink. This paper investigated biogeochemical interactions in karst critical zones, with strong surface water /groundwater interactions, and in particular the role of planktonic microorganisms and riverine bivalves through the analysis of particulate organic matter (OM) oxidation on carbonate weathering. In the large Val d'Orléans fluviokarst aquifer (France), a 20-year monthly dataset of Nitrates, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), dissolved inorganic and organic Carbon (DIC and DOC) fluxes was gathered. The surface water-groundwater comparison of geochemical trends showed that planktonic microorganisms had drastically decreased in surface waters, related to the proliferation of Corbicula bivalves spreading and a decrease in nutrients. This decrease in planktonic microorganisms was followed by a DO increase and an DIC decrease at the karst resurgence. The degradation of planktonic microorganisms consumes DO and produces NO3, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and a proton that in turn, dissolves calcite and produces DIC. Without the input from planktonic microorganisms, the fluviokarst has lost 29 % of this nitrification and 12 % of the carbonate dissolution capacities. Thus, the oxidation of particulate organic matter of planktonic microorganisms, which is part of heterotrophic respiration, appears to be a significant source of the inorganic carbon flux in riverine ecosystems. This shows how weathering can remain active under waters saturated versus calcite and suggests that the oxidation of organic matter can be a more appropriate mechanism than autotrophic respiration to explain the relationship between global warming and DIC flux change in rivers. Through the consumption of plankton, the animal life in rivers thus influences the inorganic carbon in groundwaters, creating a negative feedback in the carbon cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Binet
- University of Orléans - INSU/CNRS - BRGM, UMR 7327, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), 1A rue de la Férollerie, F-45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France.
| | - Jean-Baptiste Charlier
- BRGM, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France; G-eau, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, AgroParisTech, Supagro, BRGM, Montpellier, France
| | - Nevila Jozja
- University of Orléans, CETRAHE, 8 rue Léonard de Vinci, F-45072 Orléans cédex 2, France
| | - Christian Défarge
- University of Orléans - INSU/CNRS - BRGM, UMR 7327, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), 1A rue de la Férollerie, F-45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France; University of Orléans, CETRAHE, 8 rue Léonard de Vinci, F-45072 Orléans cédex 2, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Moquet
- University of Orléans - INSU/CNRS - BRGM, UMR 7327, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), 1A rue de la Férollerie, F-45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Johansson C, Bataillard P, Biache C, Lorgeoux C, Colombano S, Joubert A, Défarge C, Faure P. Permanganate oxidation of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs and polar PACs): column experiments with DNAPL at residual saturation. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:15966-15982. [PMID: 34642882 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16717-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Permanganate is an oxidant usually applied for in situ soil remediation due to its persistence underground. It has already shown great efficiency for dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) degradation under batch experiment conditions. In the present study, experimental permanganate oxidation of a DNAPL - coal tar - sampled in the groundwater of a former coking plant was carried out in a glass bead column. Several glass bead columns were spiked with coal tar using the drainage-imbibition method to mimic on-site pollution spread at residual saturation as best as possible. The leaching of organic pollutants was monitored as the columns were flushed by successive sequences: successive injections of hot water, permanganate solution for oxidation, and ambient temperature water, completed by two injections of a tracer before and after oxidation. Sixteen conventional US-EPA PAHs and selected polar PACs were analyzed in the DNAPL remaining in the columns at the end of the experiment and in the particles collected at several steps of the flushing sequences. Permanganate oxidation of the pollutants was rapidly limited by interfacial aging of the DNAPL drops. Moreover, at the applied flow rate chosen to be representative of in situ injections and groundwater velocities, the reaction time was not sufficient to reach high degradation yields but induced the formation and the leaching of oxygenated PACs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clotilde Johansson
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-54000, Nancy, France
- Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), 45060, Orléans, France
- GeoRessources, CREGU, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, F-54000, Nancy, France
- SERPOL, 2 Chemin du Génie, BP 80, 69633, Vénissieux, France
| | | | - Coralie Biache
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Catherine Lorgeoux
- GeoRessources, CREGU, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Stéfan Colombano
- Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), 45060, Orléans, France
| | | | - Christian Défarge
- Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans, UMR 7327 Université d'Orléans-CNRS/INSU-BRGM, Polytech'Orléans, 45072, Orléans Cedex 2, France
- CETRAHE, Université d'Orléans, Polytech'Orléans, 45072, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Pierre Faure
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-54000, Nancy, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Leroy F, Gogo S, Guimbaud C, Francez AJ, Zocatelli R, Défarge C, Bernard-Jannin L, Hu Z, Laggoun-Défarge F. Response of C and N cycles to N fertilization in Sphagnum and Molinia-dominated peat mesocosms. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 77:264-272. [PMID: 30573090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant communities play an important role in the C-sink function of peatlands. However, global change and local perturbations are expected to modify peatland plant communities, leading to a shift from Sphagnum mosses to vascular plants. Most studies have focused on the direct effects of modification in plant communities or of global change (such as climate warming, N fertilization) in peatlands without considering interactions between these disturbances that may alter peatlands' C function. We set up a mesocosm experiment to investigate how Greenhouse Gas (CO2, CH4, N2O) fluxes, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total dissolved N (TN) contents are affected by a shift from Sphagnum mosses to Molinia caerulea dominated peatlands combined with N fertilization. Increasing N deposition did not alter the C fluxes (CO2 exchanges, CH4 emissions) or DOC content. The lack of N effect on the C cycle seems due to the capacity of Sphagnum to efficiently immobilize N. Nevertheless, N supply increased the N2O emissions, which were also controlled by the plant communities with the presence of Molinia caerulea reducing N2O emissions in the Sphagnum mesocosms. Our study highlights the role of the vegetation composition on the C and N fluxes in peatlands and their responses to the N deposition. Future research should now consider the climate change in interaction to plants community modifications due to their controls of peatland sensitivity to environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Leroy
- University of Orleans, ISTO, UMR 7327, 45071, Orleans, France; CNRS, ISTO, UMR 7327, 45071 Orleans, France; BRGM, ISTO, UMR 7327, BP 36009, 45060 Orleans, France.
| | - Sébastien Gogo
- University of Orleans, ISTO, UMR 7327, 45071, Orleans, France; CNRS, ISTO, UMR 7327, 45071 Orleans, France; BRGM, ISTO, UMR 7327, BP 36009, 45060 Orleans, France
| | - Christophe Guimbaud
- University of Orleans, LPC2E, UMR 7328, 45071 Orleans, France; CNRS, LPC2E, UMR 7328, 45071 Orleans, France
| | | | - Renata Zocatelli
- University of Orleans, Cellule R&D CETRAHE, 45072, Orleans cedex 2, France
| | - Christian Défarge
- University of Orleans, ISTO, UMR 7327, 45071, Orleans, France; CNRS, ISTO, UMR 7327, 45071 Orleans, France; BRGM, ISTO, UMR 7327, BP 36009, 45060 Orleans, France; University of Orleans, Cellule R&D CETRAHE, 45072, Orleans cedex 2, France
| | - Léonard Bernard-Jannin
- University of Orleans, ISTO, UMR 7327, 45071, Orleans, France; CNRS, ISTO, UMR 7327, 45071 Orleans, France; BRGM, ISTO, UMR 7327, BP 36009, 45060 Orleans, France
| | - Zhen Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fatima Laggoun-Défarge
- University of Orleans, ISTO, UMR 7327, 45071, Orleans, France; CNRS, ISTO, UMR 7327, 45071 Orleans, France; BRGM, ISTO, UMR 7327, BP 36009, 45060 Orleans, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Glavaš N, Défarge C, Gautret P, Joulian C, Penhoud P, Motelica M, Kovač N. The structure and role of the "petola" microbial mat in sea salt production of the Sečovlje (Slovenia). Sci Total Environ 2018; 644:1254-1267. [PMID: 30743838 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microbial mats are commonly observed in estuaries and in salt marshes but they only rarely represent a significant surface involved in salt production. In the Sečovlje salt works in Northern Adriatic, a microbial mat known as the "petola" covers the bottom of salt crystallising pans, highly influencing salt composition and salt production processes. Throughout the year the petola is subjected to numerous co-varying factors that drive changes in its structure and the microbial community. Seasonal modifications were investigated via various methods (cryo-HRSEM, XRD, elemental analysis, carbohydrate content, bacterial community structure). This study provides knowledge on microbial mat compositional characteristics and functional roles in response to seasonal variation in environmental conditions. The in situ characterisation (close-to its natural hydrated state) of the three-dimensional microstructure provides precise information about dominating filamentous cyanobacterium Coleofasciculus chthonoplastes and extracellular polymer secretion (EPS) organisation. This is the first study to address how microbial mat composition and structure, especially 3D EPS network (and microbial diversity), affects the salt production processes within a hypersaline environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neli Glavaš
- SOLINE Pridelava soli d. o. o, Seča 115, 6320 Portorož, Slovenia; Marine Biology Station, National Institute of Biology, Fornače 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia.
| | - Christian Défarge
- Université d'Orléans, ISTO, UMR 7327, Polytech'Orléans, 8 rue Léonard de Vinci, 45072 Orléans Cedex 2, France; CNRS/INSU, ISTO, UMR 7327, 45071 Orléans, France; BRGM, ISTO, UMR 7327, BP 36009, 45060 Orléans, France
| | - Pascale Gautret
- Université d'Orléans, ISTO, UMR 7327, Polytech'Orléans, 8 rue Léonard de Vinci, 45072 Orléans Cedex 2, France; CNRS/INSU, ISTO, UMR 7327, 45071 Orléans, France; BRGM, ISTO, UMR 7327, BP 36009, 45060 Orléans, France
| | - Catherine Joulian
- BRGM, Geomicrobiology and Environmental Monitoring Unit, 3, Avenue Claude Guillemin, 45060 Orléans Cedex 02, France
| | - Philippe Penhoud
- Université d'Orléans, ISTO, UMR 7327, Polytech'Orléans, 8 rue Léonard de Vinci, 45072 Orléans Cedex 2, France; CNRS/INSU, ISTO, UMR 7327, 45071 Orléans, France; BRGM, ISTO, UMR 7327, BP 36009, 45060 Orléans, France
| | - Mikael Motelica
- Université d'Orléans, ISTO, UMR 7327, Polytech'Orléans, 8 rue Léonard de Vinci, 45072 Orléans Cedex 2, France; CNRS/INSU, ISTO, UMR 7327, 45071 Orléans, France; BRGM, ISTO, UMR 7327, BP 36009, 45060 Orléans, France
| | - Nives Kovač
- Marine Biology Station, National Institute of Biology, Fornače 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gutierrez A, Klinka T, Thiéry D, Buscarlet E, Binet S, Jozja N, Défarge C, Leclerc B, Fécamp C, Ahumada Y, Elsass J. TRAC, a collaborative computer tool for tracer-test interpretation. EPJ Web of Conferences 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20135003002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
6
|
Tran NM, Dufresne M, Duverlie G, Castelain S, Défarge C, Paullier P, Legallais C. An appropriate selection of a 3D alginate culture model for hepatic Huh-7 cell line encapsulation intended for viral studies. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 19:103-13. [PMID: 22889091 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) culture systems have been introduced to provide cells with a biomimetic environment that is similar to in vivo conditions. Among the polymeric molecules available, sodium-alginate (Na-alg) salt is a material that is currently employed in different areas of drug delivery and tissue engineering, because it offers biocompatibility and optimal chemical properties, and its gelation with calcium chloride provides calcium-alginate (Ca-alg) scaffolds with mechanical stability and relative permeability. In this work, four different preparations of Ca-alg beads with varying Na-alg viscosity and concentration were used for a human hepatoma cell line (Huh-7) encapsulation. The effects of Ca-alg bead preparation on structural cell organization, liver-specific functions, and the expression of specific receptors implicated in hepatotropic virus permissivity were evaluated. Hepatic cells were cultured in 500 μm diameter Ca-alg beads for 7 days under dynamic conditions. For all culture systems, cell viability reached almost 100% at day 7. Cell proliferation was concomitantly followed by hepatocyte organization in aggregates, which adopted two different morphologies (spheroid aggregates or multicellular channel-like structures), depending on Ca-alg bead preparation. These cellular organizations established a real 3D hepatocyte architecture with cell polarity, cell junctions, and abundant bile canaliculi possessing microvillus-lined channels. The functionality of these 3D cultures was confirmed by the production of albumin and the exhibition of CYP1A activity over culture time, which were variable, according to Ca-alg bead condition. The expression of specific receptors of hepatitis C virus by Huh-7 cells suggests encouraging data for the further development of a new viral culture system in Ca-alg beads. In summary, this 3D hepatic cell culture represents a promising physiologically relevant system for further in vitro studies and demonstrates that an adequate encapsulation condition can be selected for each target application in liver tissue engineering, specifically in viral studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nhu Mai Tran
- Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Unité Mixte de Recherche CNRS 7338, University of Technology of Compiègne, Compiègne, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|