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Salguero C, Valladolid C, Robinson HMR, Smith GCM, Yap TA. Targeting ATR in Cancer Medicine. Cancer Treat Res 2023; 186:239-283. [PMID: 37978140 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-30065-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
As a key component of the DNA Damage Response, the Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) protein is a promising druggable target that is currently widely evaluated in phase I-II-III clinical trials as monotherapy and in combinations with other rational antitumor agents, including immunotherapy, DNA repair inhibitors, chemo- and radiotherapy. Ongoing clinical studies for this drug class must address the optimization of the therapeutic window to limit overlapping toxicities and refine the target population that will most likely benefit from ATR inhibition. With advances in the development of personalized treatment strategies for patients with advanced solid tumors, many ongoing ATR inhibitor trials have been recruiting patients based on their germline and somatic molecular alterations, rather than relying solely on specific tumor subtypes. Although a spectrum of molecular alterations have already been identified as potential predictive biomarkers of response that may sensitize to ATR inhibition, these biomarkers must be analytically validated and feasible to measure robustly to allow for successful integration into the clinic. While several ATR inhibitors in development are poised to address a clinically unmet need, no ATR inhibitor has yet received FDA-approval. This chapter details the underlying rationale for targeting ATR and summarizes the current preclinical and clinical landscape of ATR inhibitors currently in evaluation, as their regulatory approval potentially lies close in sight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Salguero
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christian Valladolid
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Helen M R Robinson
- Artios Pharma, The Glenn Berge Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Graeme C M Smith
- Artios Pharma, The Glenn Berge Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Timothy A Yap
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- The Institute for Applied Cancer Science, and Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Holcombe Boulevard, TX, 77030, Houston, USA.
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Wu Y, Zeng Z, Guo Y, Song L, Weatherhead JE, Huang X, Zeng Y, Bimler L, Chang CY, Knight JM, Valladolid C, Sun H, Cruz MA, Hube B, Naglik JR, Luong AU, Kheradmand F, Corry DB. Candida albicans elicits protective allergic responses via platelet mediated T helper 2 and T helper 17 cell polarization. Immunity 2021; 54:2595-2610.e7. [PMID: 34506733 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fungal airway infection (airway mycosis) is an important cause of allergic airway diseases such as asthma, but the mechanisms by which fungi trigger asthmatic reactions are poorly understood. Here, we leverage wild-type and mutant Candida albicans to determine how this common fungus elicits characteristic Th2 and Th17 cell-dependent allergic airway disease in mice. We demonstrate that rather than proteinases that are essential virulence factors for molds, C. albicans instead promoted allergic airway disease through the peptide toxin candidalysin. Candidalysin activated platelets through the Von Willebrand factor (VWF) receptor GP1bα to release the Wnt antagonist Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1) to drive Th2 and Th17 cell responses that correlated with reduced lung fungal burdens. Platelets simultaneously precluded lethal pulmonary hemorrhage resulting from fungal lung invasion. Thus, in addition to hemostasis, platelets promoted protection against C. albicans airway mycosis through an antifungal pathway involving candidalysin, GP1bα, and Dkk-1 that promotes Th2 and Th17 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wu
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhimin Zeng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yubiao Guo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lizhen Song
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jill E Weatherhead
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xinyan Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuying Zeng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lynn Bimler
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cheng-Yen Chang
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John M Knight
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christian Valladolid
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Michael E. DeBakey VA Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Houston Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Hua Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology, McGovern Medical School of the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Miguel A Cruz
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Michael E. DeBakey VA Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Houston Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Bernhard Hube
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knoell Institute Jena (HKI), Jena 07745, Germany; Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena 07737, Germany
| | - Julian R Naglik
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Amber U Luong
- Department of Otolaryngology, McGovern Medical School of the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Farrah Kheradmand
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Michael E. DeBakey VA Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Houston Texas, 77030, USA
| | - David B Corry
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Michael E. DeBakey VA Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Houston Texas, 77030, USA.
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3
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Bashir DA, Da Q, Pradhan S, Sekhar N, Valladolid C, Lam F, Guffey D, Goldman J, Desai MS, Cruz MA, Allen C, Nguyen TC, Vijayan KV. Secretion of von Willebrand Factor and Suppression of ADAMTS-13 Activity by Markedly High Concentration of Ferritin. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2021; 27:1076029621992128. [PMID: 33539188 PMCID: PMC7868463 DOI: 10.1177/1076029621992128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperferritinemia is associated with poor outcomes in critically ill patients with sepsis, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), macrophage activation syndromes (MAS) and coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). Autopsies of hyperferritinemic patients that succumbed to either sepsis, HLH, MAS or COVID-19 have revealed disseminated microvascular thromboses with von Willebrand factor (VWF)-, platelets-, and/or fibrin-rich microthrombi. It is unknown whether high plasma ferritin concentration actively promotes microvascular thrombosis, or merely serves as a prognostic biomarker in these patients. Here, we show that secretion of VWF from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) is significantly enhanced by 100,000 ng/ml of recombinant ferritin heavy chain protein (FHC). Ferritin fraction that was isolated by size exclusion chromatography from the plasma of critically ill HLH patients promoted VWF secretion from HUVEC, compared to similar fraction from non-critically ill control plasma. Furthermore, recombinant FHC moderately suppressed the activity of VWF cleaving metalloprotease ADAMTS-13. These observations suggest that a state of marked hyperferritinemia could promote thrombosis and organ injury by inducing endothelial VWF secretion and reducing the ADAMTS-13 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia A Bashir
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (MEDVAMC), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qi Da
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (MEDVAMC), Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Subhashree Pradhan
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (MEDVAMC), Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nitin Sekhar
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (MEDVAMC), Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christian Valladolid
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (MEDVAMC), Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fong Lam
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (MEDVAMC), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Danielle Guffey
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jordana Goldman
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Moreshwar S Desai
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Miguel A Cruz
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (MEDVAMC), Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carl Allen
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Trung C Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (MEDVAMC), Houston, TX, USA
| | - K Vinod Vijayan
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (MEDVAMC), Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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4
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Lam FW, Brown CA, Valladolid C, Emebo DC, Palzkill TG, Cruz MA. The vimentin rod domain blocks P-selectin-P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 interactions to attenuate leukocyte adhesion to inflamed endothelium. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240164. [PMID: 33048962 PMCID: PMC7553327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute inflammation begins with leukocyte P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) binding to P-selectin on inflamed endothelium and platelets. In pathologic conditions, this process may contribute to secondary organ damage, like sepsis-induced liver injury. Therefore, developing novel therapies to attenuate inflammation may be beneficial. We previously reported that recombinant human vimentin (rhVim) binds P-selectin to block leukocyte adhesion to endothelium and platelets. In this study, we used SPOT-peptide arrays to identify the rod domain as the active region within rhVim that interacts with P-selectin. Indeed, recombinant human rod domain of vimentin (rhRod) binds to P-selectin with high affinity, with in silico modeling suggesting that rhRod binds P-selectin at or near the PSGL-1 binding site. Using bio-layer interferometry, rhRod decreases PSGL-1 binding to immobilized P-selectin, corroborating the in silico data. Under parallel-plate flow, rhRod blocks leukocyte adhesion to fibrin(ogen)-captured platelets, P-selectin/Fc-coated channels, and IL-1β/IL-4-co-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Finally, using intravital microscopy in endotoxemic C57Bl/6 mice, rhRod co-localizes with P-selectin in the hepatic sinusoids and decreases neutrophil adhesion to hepatic sinusoids. These data suggest a potential role for rhRod in attenuating inflammation through directly blocking P-selectin-PSGL-1 interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fong Wilson Lam
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Cameron August Brown
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Christian Valladolid
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dabel Cynthia Emebo
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Timothy Gerald Palzkill
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Miguel Angel Cruz
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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5
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Fasipe TA, Hong SH, Da Q, Valladolid C, Lahey MT, Richards LM, Dunn AK, Cruz MA, Marrelli SP. Extracellular Vimentin/VWF (von Willebrand Factor) Interaction Contributes to VWF String Formation and Stroke Pathology. Stroke 2019; 49:2536-2540. [PMID: 30355099 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.118.022888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose- VWF (von Willebrand factor) strings mediate spontaneous platelet adhesion in the vascular lumen, which may lead to microthrombi formation and contribute to stroke pathology. However, the mechanism of VWF string attachment at the endothelial surface is unknown. We tested the novel hypothesis that VWF strings are tethered to the endothelial surface through an interaction between extracellular vimentin and the A2 domain of VWF. We further explored the translational value of blocking this interaction in a model of ischemic stroke. Methods- Human endothelial cells and pressurized cerebral arteries were stimulated with histamine to elicit VWF string formation. Recombinant proteins and antibodies were used to block VWF string formation. Mice underwent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion with reperfusion. Just before recanalization, mice were given either vehicle or A2 protein (recombinant VWF A2 domain) to disrupt the vimentin/VWF interaction. Laser speckle contrast imaging was used to monitor cortical perfusion. Results- Pressurized cerebral arteries produced VWF strings following histamine stimulation, which were reduced in arteries from Vim KO (vimentin knockout) mice. VWF string formation was significantly reduced in endothelial cells incubated with A2 protein or antivimentin antibodies. Lastly, A2 protein treatment significantly improved cortical reperfusion after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Conclusions- We provide the first direct evidence of cerebral VWF strings and demonstrate that extracellular vimentin significantly contributes to VWF string formation via A2 domain binding. Lastly, we show that pharmacologically targeting the vimentin/VWF interaction through the A2 domain can promote improved reperfusion after ischemic stroke. Together, these studies demonstrate the critical role of VWF strings in stroke pathology and offer new therapeutic targets for treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titilope A Fasipe
- From the Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX (T.A.F.).,Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX (T.A.F., S.-H.H., Q.D., C.V., M.A.C., S.P.M.)
| | - Sung-Ha Hong
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX (T.A.F., S.-H.H., Q.D., C.V., M.A.C., S.P.M.).,Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX (S.-H.H., M.T.L., S.P.M.)
| | - Qi Da
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX (Q.D., M.A.C.).,Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX (T.A.F., S.-H.H., Q.D., C.V., M.A.C., S.P.M.)
| | - Christian Valladolid
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX (C.V.).,Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX (T.A.F., S.-H.H., Q.D., C.V., M.A.C., S.P.M.)
| | - Matthew T Lahey
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX (S.-H.H., M.T.L., S.P.M.)
| | - Lisa M Richards
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin (L.M.R., A.K.D.)
| | - Andrew K Dunn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin (L.M.R., A.K.D.)
| | - Miguel A Cruz
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX (Q.D., M.A.C.).,Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX (T.A.F., S.-H.H., Q.D., C.V., M.A.C., S.P.M.)
| | - Sean P Marrelli
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX (T.A.F., S.-H.H., Q.D., C.V., M.A.C., S.P.M.).,Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX (S.-H.H., M.T.L., S.P.M.)
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6
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Da Q, Han H, Valladolid C, Fernández M, Khatlani T, Pradhan S, Nolasco J, Matsunami RK, Engler DA, Cruz MA, Vijayan KV. In vitro phosphorylation of von Willebrand factor by FAM20c enhances its ability to support platelet adhesion. J Thromb Haemost 2019; 17:866-877. [PMID: 30864273 PMCID: PMC6545126 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor (VWF) is critical for hemostasis and thrombosis. Whether VWF can undergo phosphorylation is unknown. Family with sequence similarity 20 kinase phosphorylates VWF A2 domain at S1517 and S1613. Phosphorylation of VWF and VWF A1A2A3 domain at S1613 enhances platelet adhesion. SUMMARY: Background von Willebrand factor (VWF) mediates platelet adhesion and contributes to hemostasis at sites of vascular injury as well as to arterial thrombosis. The A1A2A3 domains of VWF contain important sites that differentially participate in supporting platelet adhesion. FAM20c (family with sequence similarity 20, member C) has emerged as a serine/threonine kinase, which phosphorylates extracellular proteins containing the S-X-E/pS motifs that are also found within the VWF A domains. This is of interest because we and others have shown that structural modifications within these A domains influence the ability of VWF to support platelet adhesion. Objective We assessed if VWF A domains can be phosphorylated and the functional consequence of phosphorylated VWF. Results Here, we show that FAM20c phosphorylated purified plasma VWF, VWF A1A2A3 protein, isolated A2 domain, but not A1 and A3 domain proteins, in vitro. FAM20c phosphorylated the isolated A2 domain at S1517 and S1613 within the S-X-E recognition motif, with S1613 being the major phosphorylation site. Mass spectrometry analysis of purified plasma VWF from healthy donors revealed several phosphorylation sites, including the S1613 in the A2 domain. VWF A1A2A3 domain protein phosphorylated at S1613 promoted stable platelet adhesion and microthrombi at high shear stress. Lastly, under high shear stress VWF treated with FAM20c and ATP robustly supported platelet adhesion, compared to VWF treated with FAM20c in the absence of ATP. Conclusion These outcomes indicate that VWF can be phosphorylated by FAM20c in vitro, and this novel post-translational modification enhances the adhesiveness of VWF to platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Da
- Department of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (MEDVAMC), Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A
| | - Hyojeong Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (MEDVAMC), Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A
| | - Christian Valladolid
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (MEDVAMC), Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A
| | - María Fernández
- Department of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (MEDVAMC), Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A
| | - Tanvir Khatlani
- Department of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (MEDVAMC), Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A
- Present address: King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Subhashree Pradhan
- Department of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (MEDVAMC), Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A
| | - Jennifer Nolasco
- Department of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (MEDVAMC), Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A
| | - Risë K. Matsunami
- Department of Houston Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A
| | - David A Engler
- Department of Houston Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A
| | - Miguel A. Cruz
- Department of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A
- Department of Pediatrics, Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (MEDVAMC), Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A
| | - K. Vinod Vijayan
- Department of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A
- Department of Pediatrics, Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (MEDVAMC), Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A
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Abstract
Though extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) provides life-saving support, this intervention exposes patients to certain risks. Circulating free hemoglobin (fHb) resulting from mechanically induced hemolysis and insufficient haptoglobin/hemopexin may promote thrombosis within the ECMO circuit. Thrombi in the circuit can result in thromboembolic complications in these patients. Prevention of thrombus formation and propagation in the ECMO circuit may improve clinical outcome. fHb released during hemolysis has been shown to have multiple adverse effects, including thrombosis, but the mechanism by which fHb contributes to thrombosis in an ECMO circuit remains elusive. It is well established that (1) high shear stress generated in the circuit may cause hemolysis, and (2) plasma fibrinogen is adsorbed onto the inner tubing of the ECMO circuit over time. Plasma von Willebrand factor (pVWF) mediates platelet deposition at sites of vascular injury under high shear stress by sensing alterations in the hemodynamic environment. This biophysical property of pVWF that enables hemostasis may also contribute to the pathogenesis of ECMO-induced thrombosis. pVWF contains binding sites for both adsorbed fibrin(ogen) and fHb. High concentrations of fHb increase pVWF-mediated platelet adhesion and thrombus formation on a surface-adsorbed fibrin(ogen) under high shear stress. The molecular mechanism(s) by which fHb drives the conformation of pVWF into a prothrombotic state is currently unknown. Reduction of thrombotic risks during ECMO intervention warrants further investigations into the interaction between pVWF and fHb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Valladolid
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Andrew Yee
- Pediatrics-Hematology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Miguel A Cruz
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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